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大兴区2022～2023学年度高二第二学期期末检测试卷英语试卷考生须知1．本试卷共10页，满分100分。考试时间90分钟。2．在试卷和答题卡上准确填写学校名称、班级、姓名和准考证号。3．试题答案一律填涂或书写在答题卡上，在试卷上作答无效。4．在答题卡上，选择题用2B铅笔作答,其他题用黑色字迹签字笔作答。第一部分知识运用(共两节，30分)第一节完形填空(共10小题;每小题1.5分，共15分)阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。MyrunningcoachMcGarrytaughtuswecouldalwayswithstand(承受)more.Itwasn’tuntilmuchlaterthatI___1___allthathemeant.Anaccidenthadlefthimina___2___.Whathealwayssaidwhenweseemedunabletocontinuewas“Youcanalwayswithstandmore.”IheadedforcollegeinnorthernNewEngland.ThenIwenttoworkinRwanda,landofathousandhills.Workingtherewasagreat___3___mebecauseIwasaflatlander(平地居民).Overtheyearsitwasrunningthatsustainedme.ForyearsI’dplannedtowritetoMr.McGarryandthankhimforhis___4___impactonmylife.Buttheincidentsinmydailylife___5___me.Oneday,wordcamethathehaddiedunexpectedly.Yetthesadnews___6___formehisencouragementtodigdeeperwithinourselves.Threeyearsago,caughtina___7___inmylife,IflewtoGreenland.Greenlandwasfacingaseverecrisis:climatechangeisdestroyingtraditionallivelihoodofapopulationso___8___oniceforsurvivalandcommunitieshavetocreateanewwayoflife.IstartedarunonthehillsofGreenland’scapital.Coldrainpatteredonmyarms.That’swhenIwas___9___byanothermoreimportantlessonMr.McGarryhadtaughtme.Irealizedthathewastrainingustochangeourlives,toturnoveranewleaf.Adisastrousinjuryhad____10____himunabletorun,buthemanagedtoinfluenceanothergenerationofrunnersasacoach.1.A.heldB.rememberedC.graspedD.rejected2.A.nurseryB.bedC.carD.wheelchair
3.A.bonusB.challengeC.blessingD.gain4.A.positiveB.negativeC.enthusiasticD.pessimistic5.A.inspiredB.arrestedC.hiredD.stopped6.A.recalledB.reviewedC.reformedD.reflected7.A.stageB.stateC.dilemmaD.situation8.A.focusedB.dependentC.basedD.keen9.A.impressedB.cheatedC.beatenD.struck10.A.pushedB.foundC.leftD.proved第二节语法填空(共10小题;每小题1.5分，共15分)A阅读下面短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。Theterm“metaverse”(元宇宙)isthelatestbuzzword(流行词)tocapturethetechindustry’s____11____(imagine)—somuchsothatoneofthebest-knownInternetplatforms,Facebook,ischangingitsnametosignalitsembraceofthefuturisticidea,whichperhapshasbeenthe____12____(big)thingtohappentothemetaversesincesciencefictionwriterNealStephenson____13____(create)thetermforhis1992novelSnowCrash.B阅读下面短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。Whenchoosingacareer,youshouldconsideralltheaspectsofajob.Somejobsmayseemdull____14____areimportanttosociety,whileotherscanappearexcitingbutareactuallydifficultandboring.Oneexampleistheso-called“cooljob”ofbeingamodelor____15____actor.Thesepeopleseemtobelivingabetterlifethanothers.Actually,theyhavetomakefargreater____16____(effort)thanordinarypeopleandonlyafewofthemaresuccessful.Meanwhile,thosewhoaresuccessfulandfamoushavetodealwithconstantmediaattention.C阅读下面短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。Thenumberofadultsworldwide____17____dementia(痴呆症)couldrisefromabout57.4millionin2019to152.8millionby2050,____18____(drive)byfactorslikemidlifeobesity,smokingandsocialisolation,accordingtoastudypublishedThursdaybytheLancet.Whileimprovementsineducationareforecast____19____(reduce)dementiacasesby6.2millionin2050,
researcherssaidthiswouldbecanceledoutbytrendsinobesity,highbloodsugarandsmoking,____20____areestimatedtocauseanadditional6.8millioncases,theGuardianreported.第二部分阅读理解(共两节，38分)第一节(共14小题;每小题2分，共28分)阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。AVisitingalibrarymaynotseemfunorinteresting,buttheonesbelowmightbethemostbeautifulandattractivearoundtheglobe.WidenerLibrary,Massachusetts,theUnitedStatesAsHarvard’sflagshiplibrary,theWidenerLibrarywasbuiltin1912.ThelibrarywasnamedafterHarryElkinsWidener,a1907Harvardgraduatewhodonated3,300books,invaluablepaintingsandmoney.Thelengthofshelvesreaches91kilometers.Today,itisknownasa“silentlibrary”,withtwofloorsofquietstudyroomsandfivefloorsofundergroundliteraryresources.BibliotecaJoanina,Coimbra,PortugalTheBibliotecaJoaninawasnamedafteritsfounderKingJohnVofPortugal,whostartedbuildingthelibraryin1717.Thelibrary,locatedattheUniversityofCoimbra,houses300,000bookcollections.Manyofthebookswereprintedbeforethe1800s.Thelibraryisahugetouristdrawbecauseofitsdecorativedark-woodarchesandshelves.TrinityCollegeOldLibrary,Dublin,IrelandLocatedinthecenterofDublin,theTrinityCollegeOldLibrarywasconstructedin1712.Withitstwostoriesofdark-woodarches,thelibraryisnotonlyoneoftheworld’soldestlibraries,butoneofthemostfamousones.TheLongRoominthelibraryis65meterslong,filledwith200,000booksandsculpturesofgreatwritersassociatedwiththecollege.
TianjinBinhaiLibrary,Tianjin,ChinaUnliketheotherlibrariesonourlist,thisoneispracticallynew.AsaculturallandmarkofTianjin,theBinhaiLibraryofficiallyopenedtothepublicin2017.ItsbreathtakingdesignwasdescribedbyTimemagazineasa“ziggurat”andhasreceivedalotofattentionfromthepublic.The33,700square-meterbuildingcanhold1.35millionbooks.Builtinjustfiveyears,ithasbecomeatouristattractionsinceitwasfinished.21.Whatdothefourlibrarieshaveincommon?A.Theareasofthebuildings.B.Thedateswhentheywerebuilt.C.Theadmirationfromthepublic.D.Thenumberofbookcollections.22.Whichlibrarywasbuiltinhonorofauniversitygraduate?A.WidenerLibrary.B.BibliotecaJoanina.C.TrinityCollegeOldLibrary.D.TianjinBinhaiLibrary.23.HowisTianjinBinhaiLibrarydifferentfromtheotherthreelibraries?A.ItwasnamedafterKingofPortugal.B.Itsbooksarebeforethe18thcentury.C.Itisanewonewiththeshortesthistory.D.Ithasaroomwithbooksandsculptures.BSelenaEvanshadbeendownfordaysbecauseshehadnoideahowtopleasethosetwogirls.AtfirstElizabethMoretzjustwouldn’thideherdisdain(鄙视)forher.Aboutamonthago,whenSelenaranintohernearacoffeeshop,shecalledhernamefromafar.However,Elizabethdidn’tshowanykindness;instead,shescoldedher,“Youscaredthehelloutofme”.Toapologize,forseveraldaysinarow,Selenawouldbuysomecoffeeandstandatthedoorofthecafe,waitingforElizabethtocome,andthenpassthecoffeetoherandsayfriendly,“Thisisforyou!”uteverytime,Elizabethwouldlookatherdoubtfullyandthenrejectit.Butonedaybeforeamathclass,Elizabethsatdownrightnexttoherandsaid,Youknow,Ialwaysspeakoutofturnwithoutthinking.Sometimesitmighthurtpeople.Butyou’llrealizeI’magoodpersonsoon.Pleaseforgivemyrudeness.”Thenshepassedheracupofcoffee,“Thisisforyou.”elenacouldn’tbelieveitwashappening.She
tookthecoffeeexcitedly.Butsoonshediscoveredsheshouldn’thavebeenhappylikethatbecausethecoffeewasn’tevenforher.ItwasforSaraCrawford.Saradidn’tshowupthatday,soElizabethgaveittoherinstead.ShouldItrytobeoneofagroupwhereIdon’tbelong?“No,Iwillsparenoeffortstobetheirfriend!”ThenextdaySelenawenttothebakeryandboughtthreeloafsofbread,oneforherself,oneforElizabethandoneforSara.Asshewaswalkingtothecafe,shesawElizabethsittingatanoutdoortableofthecafe,pouringsomewaterfromherthermosintoacoffeecup.Afterthat,sheputthecuplidbackreallyquicklyandthenlookedaroundalertly.Selenapausedalittle,andthencalledherloudlyinthedistance,“Morning!”Followingthesound,ElizabethsawSelena.Sheputthethermosbackintoherpackreallyquicklyandstoodupwiththatcoffeeinherhand.Selenarantoherandpassedheraloafofbread,“Thisisforyou.”“Oh,I…”Elizabethwavedherhand,“Idon’tlikebread.”“Then,whatdoyoulike?”BeforeSelenacouldfinish,Elizabethhadrunawaywiththatcoffee.Selenahadbeenfeelingdownfortwoclasses.Thethirdclasswaslabcourse.ShewenttotheGirls’roombeforethatandwhenshecamebacktothelab,Elizabethwalkedtoherwithacupofcoffee.ShedraggedSelena,shovedthecoffeeintoherhandandturnedaway.24.Whatdidtheunderlinedpartprobablymean?A.Selenawasinadilemmawhattodonext.B.Selenawouldcontinuetomakethemhappy.C.Selenafoundthemdifficulttogetalongwith.D.Selenawasdeterminednottomakefriendswiththem.25.WhydidElizabethputthethermosbackintoherpackquicklyonseeingSelena?A.ShewantedtopasscoffeetoSelena.B.Shewantedtoaccepttheloafofbread.C.ShehidfromSelenathefactoffillingthecoffeecupwithwater.D.ShewassoexcitedtoseeSelenathatshewasatalosswhattodo.26.WhatmadeSelenaupsetbeforethelabcourse?A.Elizabethhatedbeingwithher.B.Elizabethdidn’thandherthecoffeeatfirst.
C.Shewasconcernedaboutthecominglabcourse.D.Tryasshemight,itseemedhardforhertopleaseElizabeth.CDoyouknowthewebsitesthatletyounameastarafteryourbelovedoneyourkidoryourdogforasmallfee?Yeah,thoseareallfake—youcouldpaymeto“name”astarfor$50,andI’lltakeyourmoneyandshowthenameonline.I’llevensendyouafancycertificate!Itseemsthatyou’venamedastar,butitjustdoesn’tcount.Actually,theonlyorganizationthatownsofficialnamingrightsistheInternationalAstronomicalUnion,ortheIAU.Itwasfoundedin1919andbasedinParis,France.Itiswhereastronomersandotherprofessionalshavereachedtheagreementsandistheofficialrecord-keepingbodyforalldiscoveriesinspace.Recentlytheydoopenupanopportunityforthepublictonameadozenofplanetsoutsidethesolarsystem.TheseplanetswillbeamongthefirsttobestudiedwiththeJamesWebbSpaceTelescope.However,theycurrentlyonlyhaveboringandcomplicateddocumentsthatwereusedtofindthem.That’swhytheIAUislookingforsomethingmoreinteresting.Butbeforeyoustartnamingtheplanets,youshouldknowtherules.First,nothingisrudeorannoying.Second,thenameshouldbelessthan16characterslongandpronounceableinatleastonelanguagewithnocommercialorbusinessnamesandnothingisnamedafteralivingindividualorapet.Thecompetition,named“StarsWorlds”,isopennextThursday,January20th.It’sthethirdsuchcontesttheIAUhasheld,andthepurposeistogetthepublicmoreinterestedinscienceaswellastheorganization.ThecompetitionalsohelpstobreakcenturiesofEuropeandominancewhenitcomestonamingthingsinthenightsky.Sopeoplearoundtheworldcansharethejoyofdiscoveryandmaketheirmarkinhistory.27.Howdoestheauthorintroducethetopicofthepassage?A.Bylistingfigures.B.Bytakinganexample.C.Byofferingasolution.D.Byshowingdifferences.28.WhatcanweknowabouttheIAUfromthepassage?A.ItwasfoundedbyFrance.B.Itstudiesthespacetelescope.C.Itorganizestripstothespace.D.Ithastherighttonamethestars.29.Whatisthelastparagraphmainlyabout?A.Whythecompetitionisheld.B.Howthecompetitiondevelops.C.Whattoexpectinthecompetition.D.Howtotakepartinthecompetition.30.Whereisthispassagemostlikelytakenfrom?A.Anovel.B.Atextbook.C.Adiary.D.Amagazine.
DTeenshaveareputationformakingsomenot-so-smartdecisionsandbeingeasilydistracted.Researchershaveblameditontheimmaturityoftheprefrontalcortex(前额叶皮质).Butscientistsnowfindtheanswermaybetheattractionofrewards.Rewards,evensmallones,affectteensmorethanadults.Andteenstendtobedistractedbythingstheyoncefoundrewarding,evenaftertheactualpayoffislonggone.PsychologistZacharyRoperandhisteamworkedwithtwogroupsofvolunteers:13-to16-yearoldsand20-to35-year-oldadults.Duringatrainingstage,acomputerdisplayedsixcircles,eachadifferentcolor.Theplayershadtofindtheredorgreencircleandwouldbeprovidedwitha10-centor2-centreward.Bytheendofthistraining,volunteershadrealizedthevalueofeachcolorbuttheydidn’tknowit.Thencamethetestingtime.Again,groupsofsixsymbols,onediamondandfivecircles,appearedonacomputerscreen.Theresearchersmeasuredhowlongittookpeopletofindthediamondandrecordedtheiranswers.Whennoredorgreencirclesappeared,bothadultsandteensrespondedquickly.Butwhenaredorgreencircleshowedup,bothgroupstookabitlongerinitially.Adults,though,quicklystoppedpayingattentiontotheredorgreencircles.Teenstooklongertorespondwheneveraredorgreencircleappeared.Clearly,theredandgreencirclesweredistractingteenseventhoughtheybroughtnoreward.“Thestudydemonstratesthattheattentionofadolescentsisespeciallydrawntorewardinginformation,”saysZacharyRoper.“Thesedatamayhelpexplainwhyteensengageinriskybehaviors.”Somebehaviors,suchastextingorusingsocialmedia,startthebrain’srewardsystem.Oncetheteenagebrainhaslinkedabehaviortothatreward,itcontinuestoseekitagainandagain.That’swhyteensarelikelytousesocialmediawhentheyshouldbestudying.Orwhytheyrespondtotextswhiledriving.Soresearcherssuggestphysicallyremovingdistractionswheneverpossible.31.Whydoteenstendtomakesomenot-so-smartdecisions?A.Theappealofrewardsaffectstheirdecisionmaking.B.Theirskillstorespondwiselyhavenotbeenwelltrained.C.Theirprefrontalcortexeshavebeenimproperlydeveloped.D.Thetendencytokeepdoingthingspreventsthemthinkingclearly.32.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“it”refertoinparagraph2?A.Theredorgreencircle.B.Theendofthetraining.C.Thevalueofeachcolor.D.Theawarenessofthecolorvalue.33.WhatcanwelearnfromthestudyconductedbyZacharyRoperandhisteam?A.Adultswerenotaffectedbytheredorgreencirclesatall.
B.Teenswereattractedbytheredorgreencirclesbecauseofthehighrewards.C.Teensweredistractedbytherewardinginformationevenaftertherewardwasgone.D.Adultsweredrawntotherewardinginformationonlyaftertheyweretestedrepeatedly.34.Whatcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?A.TheBrainResponseSystemB.TheEffectsofRewardsCTheDistractedTeenageBrainD.TheHarmofRiskyBehaviors第二节(共5小题;每小题2分，满分10分)根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。Everyonefeelsanxiousornervousattimes.Feelingslikethesecansurfacewhenyoufaceachallenge.___35___Youmightfeelanxiouswhenit’syourturntospeakinclass.Thesefeelingscanbeuncomfortable,butyoucanmanagewiththehelpofthefollowingtips.●Startwithagrowthmindset(思想倾向).Somepeoplehaveafixedmindset.Theymightthink,“ThisishowIam.Igetanxiousbeforespeakinginclass.SoIdon’traisemyhand.”Withafixedmindset,peopledon’tthinkthingscanchange.Butpeoplewithagrowthmindsetknowtheycangetbetteratjustabouteverything—witheffortandpractice.___36___●Noticewhatanxietyfeelslikeforyou.Gettoknowthebodyfeelingsthatarepartofanxiety.Whenyou’reanxious,doyoufeel“butterflies”?Shakyhands?Afasterheartbeat?Knowthatthesefeelingsarepartofthebody’snormalresponsetoachallenge.___37___Nexttimetheyhappen,trytonoticethefeelingswithoutgettingupset.Acceptthemandletthembethere.●___38___Whenyou’reanxious,it’scommontotellyourselfthingslike,“Ican’tdothis.”Or“WhatifImessthisup?”Instead,tellyourselfsomethingthatcouldhelpyoufacethemomentwithabitofcourage,“It’sOKtofeelanxious.Icandothisanyway.”It’sfacingtheanxietythathelpsyoumanageit.Thisiscalledexposure.Learningtocopewithanxietytakestimeandpatience.Mostofall,ittakespracticeandwillingnesstofaceit.Itstartswithonesmallstep.___39___A.Giveitallofyourattention.B.Thatincludesdealingwithanxiety.C.Talkyourselfthroughanxietyandfaceit.D.They’renotharmfulandtheyfadeontheirown.E.Itcanhelpyou“reset”andbereadytomoveforward.
F.Forexample,youmightfeelnervousbeforetakingbigexams.G.Themoreyoupractice,thebetteryou’llgetatmanaginganxiety.第三部分书面表达(共两节，32分)第一节(共4小题;第40、41小题各2分，第42小题3分，第43小题5分，共12分)阅读下面短文，根据题目要求用英文回答问题。Humpbackwhales(座头鲸)areamongtheworld’smostendangeredwhales.Themainthreatshumpbackwhalesfacearestrikesfromshipsandgettingcaughtinfishingandwasteequipment.Recently,scientistshavedevelopedatechnology-poweredmappingtooltopreventshipsfromhittingwhalesinareasoffAmerica’swestcoast.ThesystemiscalledWhaleSafe.Itusesequipmentplacedintheoceantoidentifythepresenceofwhalesinthesurroundingarea.WhaleSafewasrecentlylaunchedtothenorthinSanFranciscoBay.Thereisaprobleminthebaywithshipshittingwhales.WildlifeofficialsreportedthatahumpbackwhalewashedashoreintheSanFranciscoBaywithinjuriessuggestingtheanimalwaskilledinashipstrike.Itwasthefifthwhaletobekilledbyashipstrikeintheareain2022.However,theactualnumberofwhaleskilledbyshipsislikelymuchhigherbecausethebodiesofthedeadanimalsarerarelydiscovered.Thesystemusesthreemethodstoidentifyandprotectseveraldifferentwhalespecies.First,itusesflotationdevices—knownasbuoys(浮标)—torecordsoundsthewhalesmake.Second,itusescomputermodelstoprocesscurrentandhistoricaloceandatatopredictwherethewhalesaremostlikelytobe.Third,itpermitstrainedobserversandcitizenstoreportwhalesightingsthroughamobileapp.Thetoolalsorecordsshippingactivityandshipspeeds.Thecollecteddataisthensentbysatellitetoscientistswhoexamineitandseektoprovideguidancetoshipoperators.TheWhaleSafeprojectissupportedbytheMarineMammalCenterandtheBenioffOceanScienceLaboratory.OfficialsfromtheMarineMammalCentersaytheyhaveplanstoexpandthesystemtootherareaswherewhalesfaceahighriskofbeinghitbyships.“Thesystemcombinesthelatesttechnologywiththoughtfulconservationeffortstocreateasolutiontoreducerisktowhales.ThisiswheretechnologymeetsMotherNatureforthebenefitofmarinelife,”saidJeffBoehm,aleaderoftheMarineMammalCenter.40.Whatisthenewtoolintendedfor?______________________________________________________________________41.WhywasWhaleSaferecentlylaunchedtothenorthinSanFranciscoBay?______________________________________________________________________42.Pleasedecidewhichpartisfalseinthefollowingstatement,thenunderlineitandexplainwhy.
Thesystemcollecteddatabybuoys,computermodelsandtrainedobserversandcitizens,thensentdatatoshipoperators.______________________________________________________________________43.Whatsuggestionscouldyougiveonprotectingmarineanimals(海洋动物)?(Inabout40words)______________________________________________________________________第二节(20分)44.假如你是李华,你的美国朋友David上个月在杭州旅游期间品尝了西湖龙井茶,对中国茶文化表现出了非常浓厚的兴趣。回国后他发来邮件,希望你介绍中国茶文化,请你写一份邮件,内容主要包括:1.中国茶文化历史悠久、茶叶种类丰富;2.茶在中国人生活中的重要性;3.希望世界上有更多的人品尝中国茶,了解中国文化。注意:1.词数100左右;2.可适当发挥想象,增加细节,以使行文连贯。___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
