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情景交际
1Ⅰ.社会交往一、问候1.基本用语:1)见面问候：Goodmorning.Hello/Hi.…2)代向某人问候：Bestwishes/regardstosb.＝giveone’sregardstosb.＝giveone’sbestregardstosb.知识梳理
23)替某人向……问好：say“Hi/Hello”tosb.fromsb.＝giveone’sregardstosb.Pleaseremembermeto...回答：Iwill.Thanks.
34)—Howdoyoudo?(初次见面)—Howdoyoudo?—Howareyou?(比较熟悉的人)—Fine,thankyou.Andyou?/Verywell,thankyou.—Howareyougettingalongwith...?—Everythingisfine!—Howareyoudoing?—I’mjustgreat!
4—Howiseverything?—Verywell,thankyou!—Howisyourvacation/holiday/weekend?—Notbad!—What’sup?—Couldn’tbebetter,thankyou!—What’sgoingon?—Justso-so.
52.注意要点：1)“Howareyou?”用于询问对方的身体情况，可根据实际情况回答，如：Fine/Verywell,thankyou.(very)good不能用来表示身体健康。假如身体确实不太舒服并想让对方知道，不妨说“Nottoowell,I’mafraid.”
62)对于不认识的人，想要他(或她)停下的说法：Hey,Sir/Madam！或Justamoment,Sir/Madam.3)与英美人见面寒暄时，不应问及他(或她)的年龄、婚否、收入等个人隐私情况。
7二、介绍1.基本用语:1)ThisisMr/Mrs/Miss/Ms/...MayIintroduceyouto...?I’dlikeyoutomeet...2)Howdoyoudo?Nice/Glad/Pleasedtosee/meetyou.Nicemeetingyou...3)Mynameis...I’ma...(student/teacher，etc.)MayIknowyourname?
82．注意要点:1)“Nicetomeetyou.”与“Nicetoseeyou.”有一点区别：前者是初次见面被人介绍相识后的寒暄用语(认识你很高兴)；后者与前者在意思上相同，但是用于熟人之间一段时间未见面后再次相遇。两者回答用语与问候语相同。2)“Nicetomeetyou.”表示初次见面时的问候，而“Nicemeetingyou.”则是初次见面告别时的用语。
9三、告别1．基本用语:1)直接的告别语有：Goodbye/Byebye/Bye！Seeyou(tomorrow)！Seeyoulater!Farewell!Goodnight.2)委婉的告别语有：I’dliketosaygoodbyetoeveryone.I’mcallingtosaygoodbye.
10I’mafraidImustbeleaving/offnow.Ithinkit'stimeforustoleavenow.3)其他带有祝愿以及叮嘱等意义的告别语：I’lllookforwardtoseeingyousoon.Let’shopewe’llmeetagain.Hopetoseeyouagain.Dropinanytimeyoulike.
112．注意要点:告别前通常要说一两句客套话，如：I’mafraidImustbeoff/goingnow.长久告别时，还可同时表达希望今后多联系(Keep/Getintouch.)、要对方保重身体(Takecare.)、问候对方家人(Pleasesendmybestregardstoyourfamily.)等。
12四、感谢基本用语:1)感谢用语：Thankyouverymuch．Thanksalot.Manythanks.Thanksfor...It’sverykindofyouto...
13Iappreciateyourhelp.Thankyouallthesame.It’smostthoughtfulofyou.Idon’tknowhowtoexpressmythanks.
142)答语：Notatall.That’sallright/OK.You’rewelcome.It’sreallynothing.Don’tmentionit.
15五、道歉1.基本用语:1)道歉用语：I’msorry.I’msorryfor/about...I’msorrytodo...I’msorrytohavedone...Excuse/Pardonme(for...)Pleaseforgivemefor...sb.beafraidthat...Whatapity/shame!It’sapitythat...
162)答语：Itisnotimportant.It’squiteallright.Nevermind.Itdoesn’tmatter(atall).Notatall.It’snothing.That’snothing.Pleasedon’tworry.It’snothingtoworryabout.Don’tmentionit.That’sokay.Don’tletitbotheryou.
172．注意要点:1)“Excuseme”常用于下列情形：需要打断别人谈话或工作时；有求于他人时；因故需要暂时离开时；就某事表示不同意见时；自己的言行将会影响他人时。(即：在说或做可能令人不悦的事情之前使用以引起别人注意)打扰别人为“劳驾”；请求别人让路、向别人问路、打听消息意为“对不起，请问……”。回答时说：Yes?
182)“Sorry.”说话人做了错事或无意中与别人发生冲撞时于事后向他人表示歉意；可表示因不能满足他人要求而表示歉意。3)“Ibegyourpardon?”表示听话人未能听清楚他人所说的话，希望说话人重复所说的话时的礼貌用法，“麻烦再说一遍”。4)“I’msorrytohearit/that.”则是对说话者本人或近亲属已经发生的不幸表示遗憾。
19六、邀请1．基本用语:1)Wouldyoucometo...?Wouldyouliketo...?I’dliketoinviteyouto...2)Yes,I’dlove/beglad/happyto(...)．I’llbegladto.Ofcourse.Yes,it’sverykind/niceofyou.Yes,great.Sure.Yes,withpleasure.3)I’dloveto,but...I’msorry,butIcan’t.
202.注意要点:1)接受他人邀请时通常还要表示一下感谢：Yes,I’dloveto.Yes,it’sverykind/niceofyou.Yes,withpleasure.2)如果是稍有保留地接受，可这样说：IwillifIcan.It’sverykindofyoutoinviteme,butI’mnotsureifIcancome.
213)拒绝他人的邀请一般不直接说No，而要婉言谢绝(通常会说明理由)，并要声明自己是愿意接受“邀请”的，但因某种原因不能接受，并表示歉意或感谢。常用：I’dliketo,butI’mtoobusy.Ireallyenjoyit,butI’vegottogonow.IwishIcouldacceptyourinvitation,butI’mafraidIdon’thavetimetogo.Thankyouforyourkindness,butI’vegotanappointmentatthattime.
22七、祝愿和祝贺基本用语：1)Bestwishestoyou!Iwishyougoodhealth.Goodluck!Goodluckwith...Wishyousuccess！Mayyousuccess/succeed!2)MerryChristmas！3)Congratulations(on...)！Welldone!4)Enjoyyourvacation！EnjoyyourstayinChina.
23八、提供帮助基本用语：1)提供帮助：Can/Could/ShallIhelpyou?WhatcanIdoforyou?Isthereanything(else)Icandoforyou?Wouldyouliketo...?Canyoudomeafavor?
242)接受帮助：Thatwouldbenice/fine.That'sverykindofyou.Thankyouforyourhelp.Yes,please.Here,takethis/my...
25九、打电话1.基本用语:Hello！MayIspeakto...?Hello！Is...in?May/CouldIspeakto...?Isthat...(speaking)?Holdon,please.Hello,whoisit/that?He/Sheisn’thererightnow.CanItakeamessageforyou?Thisis...speaking.
262.注意要点:代接电话的人叫某人接电话时，先对打电话的人说：Holdon,please.Justaminute,please.然后叫人接电话：Youarewantedonthephone.There’sacallforyou.
27十、就餐基本用语:Whatwouldyoulike(tohave)...?Wouldyoulikesomething(toeat/drink)?Helpyourselftosome...Letmegiveyou...Makeyourselfathome.I’dlike...Acake/Twoeggs,please.Yes,please.Justalittle,please.I’vehadenough.I’mfull,thankyou.No,thanks.
28CanIhavethebill,please?It’smytreatthistime.I’llpay.Let’sgoDutchthistime.Waiter!Thebill,please.
29十一、就医听到自己的亲人、朋友或熟人等谈到有关身体健康的问题时，如“IthinkIhaveabadcold.”如果是朋友，回答“I’msorrytohearthat.”或“You’dbetterseeadoctor.”如果是说给医生听，医生需用“Takeiteasy.”来回答。1)医生询问病人的用语：What’sthematterwithyou？What’swrongwithyou?
302)病人应答语：There’ssomethingwrongwithmyback.Ihaveaheadache/Myheadaches.Ihavegotacough.Ihavegotapainhere.Ithurtshereandthere.Idon’tfeelwelltoday.
313)医生诊断、提建议及安慰用语：Letmetakeyourtemperature.It’snothingserious.Youhadbetteraskforaleaveandhavearestforafewdays.Drinkmorewaterandhaveagoodrest.Takethesepills3timesaday.
32十二、提醒注意Don’tforgetyourraincoat.Remembertolockthedoor.Makesurethatallthewindowsareclosed.NoSmoking!NoSpitting!Lookout!Becareful!Wetfloor!Don’ttouch!It’sdangerous!Keepoff!Wetpaint!
33十三、建议与劝告以建议或者劝告的形式要某人做一件事，不同于直接命令，因为说话人只是提出建议，而把做与不做的决定权留给听话人。对于他人提出的建议和忠告，若认为可以接受，要表示赞赏或感谢。在拒绝对方的建议时，一般要给出理由。
34基本用语：1)Iadviseyou(not)to...You’dbetter(not)...Isuggestthatyou(should)...Whynot...?Whydon’tyoudo...?How/Whataboutdoing...?Shallwe...?Let’s...
352)Yes,Isupposeso.Yes,butdon’tyouthink...?That’sgreat.That’sagoodidea.Whynot?3)That’simpossible,butthankyouallthesame.It’snotourfault.I’mafraidIcan’tdothat.I’mafraidIcan’tfollowyouradvice.
36Ⅱ.情感一、高兴I’mglad/pleased/happyto...That’snice/wonderful/great.Howwonderful/nice!二、惊奇Really?/Isthatso?Ohdear！/MyGod！Goodheavens!/ThankGoodness！Icanhardlybelievemyears/eyes.
37三、忧虑What’swrong？What’sthematter(withyou)?Isthereanythingwrong?Oh,whatshallIdo?Wewereallanxiousabout...
38四、满意Good！Welldone！Perfect!That’sfine.That’sbetter.That’sgoodenough.I’mpleasedwith…五、遗憾I’msosorry！It’sagreatpity！Whatashame!That’stoobad!IwishIhadnevergivenitup.IfIhadbeenthere,hewouldnothavemadesuchaseriousmistake.
39六、同情I’msosorry!I’msosorryaboutyourillness.I’msorrytohearyouaregoingaway.Pleaseacceptmydeepsympathy.
40Ⅲ.态度一、同意与不同意当对方提出某种观点、意见或请求时，要表示恰当而具体的态度。要有明确答复。1.同意：Certainly/Sure/Ofcourse.Allright.Yes,Ithinkso.That’strue.Good!Excellent!Whatagoodidea!Itcouldn’tbebetter.That’sagoodidea...It’sagoodideathat...Iagree(withyou).That’stherightthingtodo.
412.不同意：No,Idon’tthinkso.I’mafraidnot.I’mafraidI(really)can’tagreewithyou.It’snotverynice.Idon’tthinkthatisagoodidea.Personally,Ifeelthatit’sunwise.Whataterribleidea！Noway！
42二、肯定与不肯定对某件事情的真实性是否肯定、是否有把握，在英语中常用sure，certain，doubt等词或may，might，must等情态动词表达。may，might具有试探性，must表示一种逻辑推断的必然。此外，为了增强客气的口吻，表示不肯定时可以伴随一些表示遗憾、担忧或歉意的表达方式。
43三、可能与不可能Hemay...Itispossiblethat...Itislikelythat...Heisnotlikelytodo/that...Itlooksasif/thoughitmightrainlater.Itappearstomethatwe’llhavetogoonfoot.Idoubtthat...That’s/It’squiteimpossible.It’sveryunlikely.That’shardlypossible.That’llneverhappen.
44四、偏爱与爱好Whichdoyouprefer,teaorcoffee?Ipreferteatocoffee.prefertodoratherthandopreferdoingtodoingI’dliketogobytrain.Myfavoritesubjectisphysics.I’dratherdrinkcoffeethantea.
45五、意愿与打算当希望别人做某事或者不愿意让别人做某事，或者表达自己的一种希望、愿望时需要恰当用词，这样才能准确地传达自己的意图。I’mgoingto...Iwill...Iwouldliketo...Ifeellike...I(donot)wish/want/hopeto...Iwishthat...Iintend/mean/planto...
46I’mreadyto...Iwouldrathernottellyou.IwoulddoitifIshouldhavethechance.IfonlyIcouldseehim.
47六、征求或表达意见在表明自己对事物的判断时，好坏要明确，是非要分明。尤其在对方干得比较出色时，要多加鼓励。如Welldone！Goodjob！Quiteperfect！等。如果要陈述自己的某些观点时，英语中一般要使用一些较委婉的短语，如：inmyopinion,asIseeit,sofarasIknow,personallyspeaking等。
48交际用语的考查点相对集中。主要考查社会交往中的一些日常交际用语。以应答为主，提问为辅；以跨文化交际中差异明显的交际项目为重点考查对象。1.考查习惯应答语。问候、告别、打电话、问路、看病、购物、感谢、道歉、祝愿、请求等常见的交际话题均有其较为固定的套语。用英美人的思维方式，遵循习惯进行回答。常见回答用语主要有以下几个方面：考点归纳
491)常用于接受或拒绝请求、邀请的应答用语有：Withpleasure./Yes,helpyourself./Noproblem./Goodidea./Sorry,but…/I’dratheryou…/Thankyou,but…/Noway./Forgetit.等。2)常用于感谢的应答用语有：That’sallright./Youarewelcome./Don’tmentionit./Itismypleasure(Mypleasure)./Notatall.等。
503)常用于道歉的应答用语有：Nevermind./Itdoesn’tmatter./Notatall./That’sallright./Thatisnothing.等。4)常用于祝愿和祝贺的应答用语有：Goodluck!/Bestwishestoyou!/Haveanicetime!/Congratulations!/MerryChristmas!/Thankyou./Thesametoyou.等。
512.考查文化差异语。汉语和英语在交际文化方面有许多共同之处，但也存在诸多差异。这些差异往往是考查的重中之重。避免母语交际定式的干扰，根据英语的文化交际习惯来应答是掌握文化差异的关键。
523.考查语言结构语。根据不同的交际情景，说话者会采用不同的交际用语来表达自己的态度和情感。当说话人对刚刚提出的说法或意见持肯定态度时，可以说：Yes，Ithink(suppose,believe)so./Yes,I’mafraidso.对刚刚提出的说法或意见持否定态度时，则说：No，Idon’tthink(suppose)so./No,Idon’tbelieveso./No,Ibelieve(suppose)not./No,Ihopenot./No,Iamafraidnot.
531.—Readingisthebestwaytopasstimeonthetrain.—________.Inevergotravellingwithoutabook.A.YouarejokingB.That'strueC.Idon‘tthinksoD.ItsoundslikefunB
542.—I'msorryforbreakingthecup.—Oh,________—I'vegotplenty.A.forgetitB.mypleasureC.helpyourselfD.pardonme3.—________！Somebodyhasleftthelabdooropen.—Don'tlookatme.A．DearmeB．Hi,thereC．ThankgoodnessD．ComeonAA
554.—IsAnnecomingtomorrow?—________．Ifsheweretocome,shewouldhavecalledme.A．GoaheadB．CertainlyC．That'srightD．Idon'tthinkso5.—Howaboutdinnertonight?It'sonme.—________．A.YouarewelcomeB.Oh,I'dliketoC.Well,I'mafraidsoD.That'sallrightDB
566.—IamgoingtoSpainforaholidaysoon.—________.A.It'smypleasureB.NevermindC.LeaveitaloneD.Goodforyou7.—CouldIusethisdictionary?—________.It'saspareone.A.GoodideaB.JustgoaheadC.You'rewelcomeD.You'dbetternotDB
57巩固练习—I’msorry,Sir.Igotstuckintheheavysnowonthewaytoworkthismorning.—____youweresolate.Itisnoneofyourbusiness.A.GoaheadB.ForgetitC.NowonderD.Noway解析：goahead“继续”;forgetit“没关系;算了”;nowonder“难怪”;noway“没门”。
582.—Youknowwhat?IamgoingtoShanghaionafreetripthisweekend.—____.A.Goodforyou!B.Itisnoneofmybusiness.C.Youmusthavebeencheated.D.Sowhat?解析：Goodforyou!你真行!Itisnoneofmybusiness这不关我的事;Youmusthavebeencheated你肯定被骗了;Sowhat?那又怎样?
593.—Myfatherisinhospitalagain.—____.Ihopehe’llrecoversoon.A.It’sOKB.SorrytohearthatC.AllrightD.Don’tmentionit解析：Sorrytohearthat听到那件事我很难过;It’sOK/Allright好的;Don’tmentionit别客气。
604.—Willyoucompletethetaskintime?—Sure,Iwill.____.A.EverythingispossibleB.Butit’stoohardC.NomatterwhatwillhappenD.Thoughit’sapieceofcake解析：此处答语部分相当于Sure,Iwillcompletethetaskintime,nomatterwhatwillhappen。Nomatterwhatwillhappen是一个让步状语从句。
615.—Ittookmetwentyyearstobuildupmybusiness,anditalmostkilledme.—Well,youknowwhattheysay.____.A.ThereisnosmokewithoutfireB.PracticemakesperfectC.AllroadsleadtoRomeD.Nopains,nogains解析：“花了我二十年时间成就事业,费了不少劲”可知,另一方则表达了观点“不劳无获(Nopains,nogains)”。
626.—Doyouenjoytheseafoodhere?—____,butI’vegotusedtoitanyway.A.Can’tlikeitbetterB.NotreallyC.NotbadactuallyD.I’mreallysorry
637.—It’sbeenrainingforawholeweek.Ithinkit’llgetfinesoon.—____.Wearegettingintotherainyseasonnow.A.Yes,itwillB.OfcoursenotC.It’spossibleD.It’shardtosay解析：一方认为“天很快会转晴”,另一方则表示一种“不肯定”的看法:很难说。
648.—DoyoumindifIopenthedoor?—____.Ifeelabitcold.A.OfcoursenotB.I’dratheryoudidn’tC.GoaheadD.Pleasecloseit解析：考查回答Doyoumindif...的用语。根据Ifeelabitcold可知,此处表示“我宁愿你别开”。故选B。
659.—ItwasannouncedthatanotherstudentinourschoolhadwonthefirstprizeforChinaHighSchoolChemistryOlympiad.—Oh,really?____Hemusthaveputalotofworkintoit.A.Thatsoundsfine.B.That’squitesomething.C.That’sagoodpoint.D.Getamoveon.解析：That’squitesomething.表示对上面所说情况的赞扬和肯定,“真了不起”。
6610.—I’mnotgoodattabletennis,youknow.—____.We’replayingforfun.Justtryandyou’llseeyoucandoit.A.Well,itdepends.B.Takeyourtime.C.Comeon!D.That’sOK.解析：A“好的,看情况而定”;B“别着急”;C“(用于鼓励他人)来吧”;D“好的”。
