高考英语总复习-语法强攻：《定语从句》ppt课件

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定语从句

1知识梳理限制性定语从句非限制性定语从句意义描述主句所涉及的人或物的具体情况,是主句不可或缺的一部分,若省去,主句意义不完整,甚至没有意义对主句所描述的人或物提供一些附加情况,起补充说明作用,若省去,主句意义仍完整结构要求紧跟先行词,主句和从句间不用逗号分开主句和从句间用逗号分开限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句

2功能修饰先行词既可修饰先行词也可修饰整个句子引导词关系代词:who，whom，whose，which，that关系副词：when，where，why关系代词:who，whom，whose，which，as关系副词：when，where

3Thisisthehouse(which)weboughtlastmonth.这是我们上个月买的那幢房子。Thehouse,whichweboughtlastmonth,isverynice.这幢房子很漂亮,是我们上个月买的。Theman(whom/that/who)Imetinthestreetwasadriver.我在街上碰到的那个人是个司机。Hismother,wholovedhimverymuch,diedin1998.他的母亲很爱他,但在1998年去世了。

4注意:①专有名词具有“独一无二”的含义,通常只能由非限制性定语从句修饰。LuXun,whodiedin1936,wasafamouswriterinChina.鲁迅于1936年去世,是中国一位著名的作家。②既可以作为限制性定语从句又可作为非限制性定语从句,注意意义上的差别。Thereare20studentsinthisclasswhoarefromthenortheastofChina.在这个班里,有20名来自中国东北的学生。Thereare20studentsinthisclass,whoarefromthenortheastofChina.这个班有20名学生,他们来自中国的东北。

5(一)关系代词关系代词与关系副词

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10关系副词代替功能在从句中的成分例句when(＝at/on/in/duringwhich)时间名词时间状语Shestillrememberthedaywhen(onwhich)shewontheprize.她仍然记得她获奖的那一天。where(＝in/atwhich)地点名词地点状语Thisisthefactorywhere(atwhich)hisfatheronceworked.这就是他父亲曾经工作过的工厂。(二)关系副词

11why(＝forwhich)reason原因状语Hedidn'tknowthereasonwhy(forwhich)hewasdismissed.他不知道他为什么被解雇了。

12注意:①在口语和非正式场合,when,where和why或相当于关系副词的“介词＋which”结构可用that来代替并可省略。Doyouknowanywhere(that)Icangetadrink?你知道在哪儿我能喝杯酒吗？

13②why或that引导的定语从句,先行词是reason,且reason又作主句主语时,表语从句不能用because引导,而要用that引导。其句型为：Thereasonwhy...isthat...或Thereasonthat...isthat...。Thereasonwhyhewaslateforschoolwasthathewasinjuredinthetrafficaccidentonhiswaytoschool.他上学迟到的原因是他在上学路上的交通事故中受伤了。Thereasonthatheexplainedatthemeetingwasthathehadtolookafterhismotherinhospital.他在会上解释的原因是他不得不去照顾他住院的母亲。

14③“地点模糊”的先行词后跟where引导的定语从句。当先行词为point,situation,conditions,case,position,stage,scene,spot,activity,family,job等表示某人/物所处的情况、发展的阶段或表达某事的某个方面时,用where引导定语从句,where相当于fromwhich,underwhich等,表示“在这种情况下”,“从……中”等。We’rejusttryingtoreachapointwherebothsideswillsitdowntogetherandtalk.我们只是尽力想能达到双方共同坐下来商谈的地步。

15(三)关系代词与关系副词的选择依据1.考虑代替先行词的关系词在从句中充当的语法成分,如果关系词在从句中作主语、表语、宾语和定语,就用关系代词；如果关系词在从句中作状语,就用关系副词。ThehouseHaveyouaskedherforthereasonneedsrepairing.他住的房子需要修理。whereheliveswhich/thathelivesin你是否问过她缺席的原因？that/whichmyexplainherabsence?whyshewasabsent?

162.辨别先行词表示的是人、物、时间、地点还是原因。Idon’tlikethemanwhoalwaysspeaksillofothers.我不喜欢总是说他人坏话的人。Iwillneverforgetthedayswhenweworkedtogether.我永远也忘不了我们在一起工作的日子。3.判断从句是限制性还是非限制性定语从句。Adictionaryisabookthatgivesthemeaningsofwords.词典是解释词语意思的书。Adictionaryisabook,whichgivesthemeaningsofwords.词典是一本书,它给出词语的意思。

174.判断关系词在从句中作宾语还是作状语,取决于定语从句中的谓语动词。ThisisthepointwhereIdisagree.这就是我不同意的地方。(disagree为不及物动词,故关系词用where。)Thisisthepoint(which/that)Idisagreewith.这就是我不同意的地方。(从句缺少介词with的宾语,用that/which引导,也可以省略)

181.只用that不用which引导定语从句的情况。(1)先行词前有序数词或形容词用最高级修饰，或先行词本身就是序数词或形容词最高级时，用that不用which。ThefirstplacethattheyvisitedinLondonwastheBigBen.ThisisthebestfilmthatIeverseen.先行词

19(2)先行词是不定代词all,little,few,much,something,anything,everything,none,nothing,some等时,用that不用which。HaveyoutakendowneverythingthatMrLisaid?李老师讲的你都记下来了吗？Thereseemstobenothingthatisimpossibletohimintheworld.对他来说似乎世界上没有什么不可能的事。Allthatcanbedonehasbeendone.所有能做的都做了。

20(3)先行词被all,every,no,some,any,little,much,oneof,theonly,thevery,theright,thelast,few,just等修饰时,用that不用which。Allthegueststhatwereinvitedtoherweddingwereimportantpeople.所有应邀来参加她婚礼的客人都是重要人物。ThisistheverydictionarythatIwanttobuy.这正是我要买的词典。Givemeanybooksthatyouwouldrecommend.给我你要推荐的书。

21(4)先行词既有人又有物,兼顾两者,用that不用which。Theytalkedaboutthepersonsandthingsthattheyrememberedatschool.他们谈论着他们所能记起的在校时的人和事。(5)主句是以who或which开头的疑问句时,用that不用which。Whoisthemanthatisstandingbythegate?站在门口的那个人是谁？WhichistheTshirtthatfitsmemost?哪件T恤衫最合我的身？

22(6)当先行词在主句中作表语,而且关系代词在定语从句中也作表语时,用that不用which。Shenzhenisnolongerthecitythatitusedtobe.深圳不再是过去的样子了。

23(7)主句是therebe句型时,修饰主语的定语从句用that不用which。Thereisaseatinthecornerthatisstillfree.在那个角落还有一个座位空着。(8)有两个定语从句时,一个从句的关系代词已用which,另一个要用that。Thecountrybuiltupafactorywhichproducesthingsthathaveneverbeenseenbefore.这个国家建立了一个生产以前从未见到过的东西的工厂。

24(9)用作关系副词,修饰表示时间的名词,如day,time,moment等代替when时,用that不用which。Ithappenedonthedaythat(when)hewasborn.这事碰巧发生在他出生的那天。

252.只用which不用that引导定语从句的情况(1)关系代词前有介词时,用which不用that。Thechaironwhichshesatismadeofwood.她坐的那把椅子是用木头做的。(2)引导非限制性定语从句时,用which不用that。Football,whichisaveryinterestinggame,isplayedallovertheworld.足球,一项非常有趣的运动,在全世界流行。

26(3)先行词后面有插入语时,用which不用that。HereistheEnglishgrammarbookwhich,asI'vetoldyou,willhelpyouimproveyourEnglish.这就是我告诉过你的那本英语语法书,它能帮你提高英语水平。(4)先行词本身就是that时,用which不用that。What’sthatwhichflashedintheskyjustnow?刚才在天空中一闪而过的是什么？

27(5)代表主句中谓语的整体概念时,用which不用that。Hecanswiminthesea,whichIcan’t.他能在大海里游泳,我不能(在大海里游泳)。(6)代表整个主句时,用which不用that。Hebrokemycup,whichmademeangry.他打破了我的杯子,这使我很生气。

283.只用who而不用that引导定语从句的情况。(1)先行词是指人的不定代词,如:one,ones,anyone,noone,those,all,nobody,anybody,none等时,用who不用that。Peoplealllikethosewhohavegoodmanners.人们都喜欢那些有礼貌的人。(2)在therebe句型中,多用who指代人。TherearesomepeoplewhowanttohaveholidaysinHainan.有一些想去海南度假的人。

29(3)当先行词指特定的人时,关系代词多用who,不指特定的人时,多用that。Theauntwhocametoseeuslastweekismyfather’syoungersister.上周来看我们的姑姑是我父亲的妹妹。(4)在非限制性定语从句中作主语时,用who不用that。ProfessorWang,whoisoversixty,stillworksharddayandnight.王教授已年过六旬,依然夜以继日努力工作着。

30(5)当先行词有较长的后置定语或在被分割的定语从句中时,用who不用that。ProfessorSmithiscomingsoonwhowillgiveusatalkonhowtolearnEnglish.史密斯教授不久就要来给我们作一场关于如何学英语的讲座。

314.ofwhom,ofwhich与whose的用法解析。(1)whose的用法①whose引导定语从句,后应紧跟名词,构成名词短语。Theboy,whosefatherisanengineer,studiesveryhard.那位小男孩学习很努力,他的父亲是位工程师。②whose引导定语从句时,先行词既可指人,也可指物。Thebicycle,whosebrakewasdamaged,hasnowbeenrepaired.那辆自行车的闸坏了,现在已修好了。

32③whose在定语从句中与它所修饰的名词一起可作介词宾语,可以与介词一起放在先行词与从句之间。在whose引导的定语从句中,可用ofwhich代替whose,但词序不同,即“whose＋名词＝the＋名词＋of＋which”；而用ofwhom代替时只能指人,有时可以与whose互换。Theboss,inwhosefactoryMary'sfatheronceworked,iskindtoher.老板对玛丽很好,玛丽的父亲曾经在他的工厂工作过。Helivesintheroomwhosewindow(thewindowofwhich)facessouth.他住在窗户朝南的房间里。

33(2)下列情况只用ofwhich或ofwhom,而不用whose引导定语从句。①定语从句的主语是some,many,few,little,much,most等词时,用ofwhich/whom,不用whose。Herearethequestions,someofwhichIthoughtdifficultforyou.就是这些问题,我认为其中一些对你来说有难度。PresentatthemeetingwerealmostexpertsonDNA,mostofwhomcamefromtheUSA.出席会议的大多是DNA专家,其中大部分来自美国。

34②定语从句的主语是all,both,neither,each,none等词时,用ofwhich/whom,不用whose。Hehastwosons,bothofwhomaredoctors.他有两个儿子,都是医生。Iboughthimtwopiecesofclothing,neitherofwhichhelikes.我给他买了两件衣服,他一件也不喜欢。③定语从句的主语是表示数量的词时,用ofwhich/whom,不用whose。Herearemanybooks,twoofwhichheborrowed.这儿有许多书,他借走了两本。

355.as与which引导定语从句的区别as与which都可以代指主句中的一部分或整个句子的内容,有时可以互换。Hemarriedher,as/whichwasnatural.很自然地,他和她结婚了。as的特殊用法：(1)as引导的定语从句可以放在句首,而which则不能。Asisknowntousall,Chinaisdevelopingrapidly.众所周知,中国发展迅速。

36(2)as表示“正如,正像”,而which无此意。此时,as从句中常有know,expect,happen,pointout,plan,suggest等单词或短语。Hecamebackhomelate,asweexpected.正如我们所料,他回家晚了。注意:as引导的定语从句常见句式有：asisknowntoall(众所周知),asisoftenthecase(经常是这个情形),asismentionedabove(如上所述),asisannounced(如宣布的那样)。

37(3)当先行词被thesame,such修饰时,定语从句需用as引导。Itissuchadifficultproblemasnoneofuscanworkout.这么难的一道题,我们没人做得出。HewearsthesamecoatasIdo.他穿着跟我一样的外套。

38注意:当先行词被thesame修饰时,that也可引导定语从句,但意义有所不同。thesame...as指同样或同类的事物；thesame...that指同一个事物。ThisisthesamewatchasIlost.这块表与我丢的那块一样。(不是同一块表)ThisisthesamewatchthatIlost.这就是我丢的那块表。(是同一块表)

39定语从句的用法较为复杂，高考除了单独考查定语从句知识外，还常常结合句式结构、时态等来综合考查。纵观近几年各地高考试题，不难发现其考点主要包括：1.考查关系代词和关系副词的区分。如:that,which和where,when的区分;that,which和why的区分等。考点归纳

402.考查whose的使用。whose可以指代人或物,在定语从句中作定语,后跟名词。指物时,whose＋名词＝名词＋ofwhich＝ofwhich＋名词。如：Theclassroomwhosedoor/thedoorofwhich/ofwhichthedoorisbrokenisonthesecondfloor.

413.考查as/which引导的非限制性定语从句。尤其要重视which，as引导的非限制性定语从句和it，what引导的主语从句的区分。4.考查定语从句中的主谓一致现象。如：I,whoamyourclosefriend,willtrymybesttohelpyouwheneveryouareintrouble.5.考查“介词＋关系代词”引导的定语从句。“介词＋关系代词”引导的定语从句，关系代词指人时用whom，指物时用which，不能用that。关系代词作定语时也可用whose。如：Theteacherinfrontofwhosehousestandsatalltreeisverypatientwithhisstudents.

42同时还要重视“复杂介词或代词”出现时与并列句的区别。如：Helovedhisparentsdeeply,bothofwhomareverykindtohim.(定语从句)Helovedhisparentsdeeplyandbothofthemareverykindtohim.(并列句)此外，“介词＋which＋名词”结构，也是一个较为特殊的结构。如：Hewasveryill,inwhichcase(＝andinthiscase)wesenthimtohospitalfirst.

436.考查一些特殊的先行词。如:当situation,point,case,activity,scene及period,festival,occasion等出现时,要注意具体情况具体分析;作主语、宾语和表语时,用关系代词that/which;作状语时,用关系副词where/when或“介词＋which”,表示在某种特定的情形下。

447.考查定语从句、强调句、时间状语从句等的区别。如：Thenewsthathehadpassedtheexampleasedhimandhisfamily.(同位语从句)Thenews(that)hetoldmethismorningisnotinteresting.(定语从句)Itwas1914whenthewarbrokeout.(时间状语从句)Itwasin1914thatthewarbrokeout.(强调句)

45从A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。Studentsshouldinvolvethemselvesincommunityactivities_____theycangainexperienceforgrowth.A.who           B.whenC.which                  D.whereD

462.We’llreachthesalestargetsinamonth_____wesetatthebeginningoftheyear.A.which          B.whereC.when                 D.what3.Theexactyear_____AngelaandherfamilyspenttogetherinChinawas2008.A.when                  B.whereC.why                     D.whichAA

474.IborrowedthebookSherlockHolmesfromthelibrarylastweek,_____myclassmatesrecommendedtome.A.who                     B.whichC.when                   D.where5.Englishisalanguagesharedbyseveraldiversecultures,_____usesitdifferently.A.allofwhich      B.eachofwhichC.allofthem           D.eachofthemBB

486.Amongthemanydangers_____sailorshavetoface,probablythegreatestofallisfog.A.which                 B.whatC.where                  D.whenA

49巩固练习I.用适当的关系词填空。1.Julianworkedinacompany,________isnamedafterhisgrandfather,whofoundedit.2.IpaidavisittoBrazillastyear,________turnedouttobeabeautifulmemory.3.It’sthethirdinasequenceofthreebooks,thefirstof________Ireallyenjoyed.4.Noonewouldliketoaccepttheblameforsomething________wassomeoneelse’sfault.whichwhichwhichthat

505.WethenmovedtoParis,________welivedforsixyears.6.Theboy________Ispoketoamomentagoisthesonofmyemployer.7.Thesepeople,________identitieswillbekeptsecret,willbepaid$40aday.8.Mysisters,________photosIshowedyouyesterday,willcometoseeusthisevening.9.Arewelivinginanage________everyoneisencouragedtosharetheirideasonblogs?wherewho(m)whosewhosewhen

5110.Laurawasalwayshelpingherbrotherwithhisphysicsafterschool,________,ofcourse,madeherparentsveryhappy.11.Inolddays,someschoolswouldn’tadmittheboys________familieswerepoor.12.Thepriceofanyproductislinkedtoacomplicatedsystemofprices________everythingdependsoneverythingelse.whichwhosewhere

52II.用适当的“介词+关系词”填空。1.Itisn’tasubject________Idevoteagreatdealofthought.2.Thewoman___________MiketoldmelastFridayprovedtobeacheat.3.Themanwrotealetterofthankstothecleaner,____________helphecouldn’thavefoundhislostmoney.4.I’veseenmanyfilms,________Titanicisthemostwonderfulandshockingone.towhichaboutwhomwithoutwhoseofwhich

535.Thisistheoriginalnovel________theworld-famousfilmisbased.6.Herelderdaughter,________sheplacedthegreatesttrust,failedtomatchherexpectations.7.RobertsetupaKTVbarintheFifthStreet,________heinvitedallhisfriends.8.TheBird’sNesthasahugestage________JackieChanandSongZuyinghaveevergiventheirconcerts.onwhichinwhomtowhichonwhich

54III.根据括号内的汉语提示用定语从句补全下列句子。1.Anangrycrowdsurroundedthebuses,_____________(其中的大部分)werealreadyfull.2.—HowdoyoulikethefilmExamination1977,Mr.Li?—Itbringsthehoursbacktome____________________________(我被迫去养猪的时候)inafarawayvillage.mostofwhichwhenIwasforcedtoraisepigs

553.Inmyhometown,thereisamysteriouslake,_________________________________(湖的深度从来都没有被测量过).4.AtMr.Black’s,theychattedforanhourorso,________________(这段时间内)notevenacoffeewasoffered.5.TheSmithswillmoveintotheirnewhousenextmonth,________________(到那个时候)itwillbecompletelyfinished.whosedepthhasneverbeenmeasuredduringwhichtimeby which time

566.Intheend,severalpeopleclimbedupthehill,________________(在山顶上)theypicnicked.onwhosetop