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1、定语从句Whatare“AttributiveClauses”?定语可以由形容词、名词、代词、数词、分词、副词、不定式以及介词短语等来担任，也可以由一个句子来担任。担任定语功能的句子称为“定语从句”。定语从句用来修饰名词、代词或整个主句。定语从句是由先行词、关系代词或关系副词构成的。被定语从句修饰的名词、代词称为先行词。引导定语从句的词被称为关系词。关系词通常有三个作用：关系词：a.引导定语从句b.指代先行词c.在定语从句中充当句子成分1.指人时，引导限制性定语从句，who,that都可以使用。但先行词是anyone,he,those时，一般用who.e.g.a.
2、Themanwho/thatisshakinghandswithmyfatherisapoliceman.b.Anyonewhowishestogotothemuseummustbeatthegateby7:50a.m.2.who和whom都可以作从句的宾语,但从句中的介词提前时,则不能用who.e.g.Yourparentsarethepersonstowhomyoucanturnforhelpwhenyoumeetwithdifficulties.3.先行词是物时,在限制性定语从句中,that和which一般可以互换使用,但有时不可换用。(1)下列场合一般只用
3、that:a.先行词是all,much,anything,something,nothing,everything,little,none等不定代词时。e.g.Allthatisneededisasupplyofoil.b.先行词被形容词最高级、序数词以及last,any,only,few,much,no,some,very等词修饰时。e.g.ThisistheverydictionarythatIwanttobuy.c.先行词有两个，一个指人，一个指物时。e.g.Yesterdaywetalkedabouttheformerclassmatesandthings
4、thatweremembered.d.主语是以who或which开头的特殊疑问句时。e.g.Whoisthepersonthatyouwanttosee?(2)下列场合不能使用that:a.在非限制性定语从句中(指人时使用who或whom,指物时使用which)。e.g.Theboybroughtinastranger,whowasbadlyhurt.HefailedintheEnglishexam,whichmadehisfatherveryangry.指代上文全句b.在“介词+关系代词”结构中，(指人时用whom，指物时用which)。e.g.Thisisth
5、eteacherfromwhomwe’velearnedalot.4.whose引导定语从句，既可指人，也可指物，在从句中作定语。e.g.a.Thisisthescientistwhosenameisknownallovertheworld.b.Mybrotherlivesinaroomwhosewindowisverylarge.Alecaskedthepoliceman_____heworkedtocontacthimwhenevertherewasanaccident.withwhomB.whoC.withhimD.whom2.Wecametoaplace_
6、_____theyhadneverpaidavisitbefore.towhereB.towhichC.thatD.which3.Heoftenhelpsthestudents______hethinksarenotquickattheirstudies.whomB.whoC.whenD.because4.Governmentreports,examinations,compositions,legaldocumentsandmostlettersarethemainsituations_____formallanguageisused.inwhich B.on
7、whichC.inthat D.atwhat5.Thefactoryproduceshalfamillionpairsofshoeseveryyear,80%________aresoldabroad.A.ofwhichB.whichofC.ofthemD.ofthat6.Hersisterhasbecomealawyer,_______shewantedtobe.A.whoB.thatC.whatD.which5.当先行词指时间、地点、原因(thereason)时，如果关系词在从句中作状语，用when,where,why;如果关系词在从句中作主语、宾语，用w
8、hich或
