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UnitFifteenⅠ.重点词汇必背每个单元20个,其中重点单词15个,重点短语5个。Ⅱ.核心词汇运用从本单元的重点词汇中选出核心单词7个和核心短语3个进行了精讲。Ⅲ.语法突破对高考的各语法知识点进行精讲,并对该考点进行分析和训练。或Ⅲ.题型突破对高考中的题型的进行分析,对它的解法进行归纳,并对该题型进行针对性训练。Ⅳ.作文模板必背针对高考各话题列出模板,供考生记忆。另配有【冲刺练】单元综合练习是对命题的一种预测和对高考试题的提前演练。
1一、重点单词1.effect[i'fekt]n.效果,结果;作用2.effort['efət]n.努力,艰难的尝试3.elect[i'lekt]v.(投票)选举;推选;选择4.employ[im'plɔi]v.雇佣,聘请;利用,处理,使从事于5.encourage[in'kʌridʒ]v.鼓励,鼓舞;奖励;促进6.energy['enədʒi]n.精力,能量;能力7.engineer[endʒi'niə]n.工程师,技师8.enough[i'nʌf]adj.足够的;充分的adv.足够地;充分地n.足够;充分9.enter['entə]v.进入;加入;参加;把…记入10.entertainment['entə'teinmənt]n.招待,款待;娱乐(场所)11.environment[in'vaiərənmənt]n.围绕;环境;四周;外界12.equal['i:kwəl]adj.相等的;平等的v.等于,使等于;比得上13.equality[i'kwɔliti]n.平等;相等;同等;均等14.equipment[i'kwipmənt]n.装备;配备;设备;装置15.escape[i'skeip]v.逃,逃脱;逃避;避免,免除n.逃亡,逃走;免除二、重点短语16.dogoodto对……有益17.doharmto损害,对……有害18.do/tryone’sbest尽力19.dowellin在……方面做得好20.dueto原因是……,由于……
2构词effectiveadj.有效的;生效的;实际的effectivelyadv.有效地用法haveagood/badeffecton对……有好或坏作用或影响例句Salthasapreservativeeffectonfood.盐对食物有防腐作用。操练根据句子要求,完成句子。(1)酒精对司机的影响很大。Alcoholhasavery__________drivers.(2)做广告往往是最有效的推销方法。Advertisingisoftenthemost__________methodofpromotion.(3)惩罚对他没有什么效果。Punishmenthadvery__________him.Keys:(1)badeffecton(2)effective(3)littleeffecton一、重点单词1.effectn.效果,结果;作用
32.effortn.努力,艰难的尝试构词effortlessadj.容易的;不费力气的;应付自如的effortlesslyadv.毫不费力地,轻易地用法makeefforts/aneffort/everyefforttodo努力做某事makeeveryeffort尽一切努力,竭尽全力例句Theyaremakingeveryefforttodecreasetheproductioncost.他们正尽力减少生产成本。操练根据句子要求,完成句子。(1)珍妮努力使自己镇定下来。Jenniemadea__________tocalmherselfdown.(2)学习一种语言是需要时间和精力的。Learningalanguagerequiretimeand__________.(3)我将尽一切努力准时到达。Iwill__________toarriveontime.Keys:(1)greateffort(2)effort(3)makeeveryeffort
43.encouragev.鼓励,鼓舞;奖励;促进构词encouragementn.鼓励,激励用法encouragesb.todo鼓励某人做……encouragesb.in在(某方面)鼓励某人例句Iencouragethemtolearnfromeachother.我鼓励他们互相学习。操练根据句子要求,完成句子。(1)教师常鼓励学生积极参与。Teachersoften_____classparticipation.(2)我父母亲经常鼓励我学习。Myparentsalways_____memystudies.Keys:(1)encourage(2)encourage,in
54.energyn.精力,能量;能力构词energeticadj.精力旺盛的;有力的用法solarenergy太阳能soundenergy声能energysources能源例句Youngpeopleusuallyhavemoreenergythantheold.青年人通常比老年人精力充沛。操练根据句子要求,完成句子。(1)奥克兰是个充满活力的城市。Aucklandisacity___________.(2)他就太阳能的利用做了一场讲演。Hegavealectureontheuseof__________.(3)他的儿子是个精力旺盛的孩子。Hissonisan__________child.Keys:(1)fullofenergy(2)solarenergy(3)energetic
65.enoughadj.足够的;充分的adv.足够地;充分地n.足够;充分用法enoughfor(doing)sth.对……足够的enoughof对……厌烦的enoughtodo足以做例句Ihaven’tenoughtimetoread/forreading.我没有足够的时间读书。操练根据句子要求,完成句子。(1)他很勇敢,足以面对各种危险。Heis__________tofacedangers.(2)两千打够卖吗?Will2,000dozenbe__________selling?(3)我真受够了。I’vehad__________that.(4)我怕我是吃得过多了。I’mafraidI’veeaten__________.Keys:(1)braveenough(2)enoughfor(3)enoughof(4)morethanenough
76.enterv.进入;加入;参加;把……记入构词entrancen.入口;进入;登场;进入权用法enterinto进入enterfor报名参加例句Pleasedonotenterbeforeknockingonthedoor.进来前请先敲门。操练根据句子要求,完成句子。(1)明天我会在动物园的入口处和你见面。I’llmeetyou__________ofthezootomorrow.(2)已有许多人报名参加跳高比赛。Manycompetitorshave__________thehighjump.(3)关于细节问题我们下次会议上再讨论。We’ll__________detailsatthenextmeeting.Keys:(1)attheentrance(2)enteredfor(3)enterinto
87.equaladj.相等的;平等的v.等于,使等于;比得上构词equalityn.同等,平等;等式equallyadv.平等地用法equalin在……方面相等的equalto等于equalwith与……平等例句Allcountries,bigandsmall,shouldbeequal.国家不论大小,一律平等。操练根据句子要求,完成句子。(1)妇女要求同工同酬。Womendemand__________forequalwork.(2)没有人在智力方面能比得上他。Nobodycan__________intelligence.(3)在享受福利待遇方面男女平等。Womenshallbe_________menintheenjoymentofwelfarebenefits.Keys:(1)equalpay(2)equalhimin(3)equalwith
9二、重点短语比较beharmfulto对……有害dogreat/muchharmto对……危害极大例句Smokinganddrinkingdoharmtohealth.吸烟、饮酒有害于健康。操练填入适当的词使句子完整。(1)躺在床上看书对你的眼睛是有害的。Readinginbedwill_____youreyes.(2)坏书对孩子们的危害极大。Badbooks____children.Keys:(1)doharmto(2)dogreatharmto8.doharmto损害,对……有害
109.do/tryone’sbest尽力,尽某人最大努力比较sparenoeffort/goallout不遗余力=try/doone’sbest例句Heistryinghisbesttounderstandwhatshesaid.他正在尽力弄明白她说的话。操练填入适当的词使句子完整。(1)一个好老师总是会尽力为学生解疑。Agoodteacherneverfailsto________toanswerhisstudents’questions.(2)我们将尽全力帮助贫困者。Weshall_________tohelpthepoor.Keys:(1)tryhisbest(2)do/tryourbest或sparenoeffort/goallout
1110.dueto原因是……,由于……比较thanksto/becauseof/owingto由于①dueto用于较庄重的书面语中,侧重“起因于”,在句中多作表语,有时作状语。②owingto可以和dueto换用,但在句中多作状语,也可作表语。③becauseof着重某个结果的原因,在句中通常作状语。④thanksto突出一种感激之情,含“多亏”意味。例句Hissuccesswaslargelyduetoluck.他的成功主要靠运气。操练填入适当的词使句子完整。(1)一些学生因贫困而辍学。Somestudentsquitschool_________poverty.(2)多亏你及时帮助。__________yourtimelyhelp.(3)由于缺乏经验,我没有把工作做好。__________mylackofexperience,Ididn’tdotheworkwell.Keys:(1)dueto/becauseof/owingto(2)Thanksto(3)Owingto
12一、句子成分:构成句子的各个部分成分定义充当词主语Subject一个句子所叙述的主体,一般位于句首。名词、代词、数词、不定式、动名词、主语从句等。谓语Predicate说明主语所做的动作或具有的特征和状态。一般放在主语之后。实义动词或动词短语、系表结构、情态动词+动词原形和助动词加动词适当形式(原形、分词)。宾语Object表示动作的对象或承爱者,一般位于及物动词和介词后面。名词、代词、数词、不定式、动名词、名词化的形容词、宾语从句等。表语Predictive用以说明主语的身份、特征和状态,它一般位于系动词(如be,get,look,grow,turn等)之后。名词、代词、形容词、分词、数词、不定式、动名词、介词短语、副词及表语从句等。定语Attributive修饰名词或代词的词、短语或从句称为定语。形容词、动名词、分词、不定式、名词、数词、代词、介词短语和定语从句等。状语Adverbial修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子,说明动作或状态特征的句子成分。副词、名词、介词短语、不定式和状语从句等。补足语宾补用以补充说明宾语的性质和状态。名词、形容词、副词、不定式、分词、介词短语和从句等。主补补充说明主语。名词、形容词、不定式、和从句等。同位语Appositive说明或解释前面的名词,是并列关系。名词、代词、从句等。插入语Parenthesis在一个句中插入一个成分,它不作句子成分,也不和其他成分发生结构关系。形容词、副词、介词短语、非谓语动词、代词、从句等。呼语Vocative用来对人(动物、物件等)的称呼。事物的名字。
13【句子成分高考考点分析】下面是近几年高考题对句子成分的考查。通过题目,我们来分析一下句子成分的用法和考点主要分布情况。1.(2009广东卷)…Sherememberedhowdifficult__31__wastochooseasuitableChristmaspresentforherfather.….peoplesteppedonyourfeetor__34__(push)youwiththeirelbows(肘部),hurryingaheadtogettoabargain.…Janepausedinfrontofacounter__35__someattractivetieswereondisplay.…Shedidnothesitateforlong:althoughherfathersmokedapipeonlyonceinawhile,sheknewthatthiswasapresentwhichwasboundtoplease__38__.…“Yourfatherhasatlastdecidedtostopsmoking,”Jane__40__(inform).【分析】31.it;34.pushed;35.where;38.him;40.wasinformed。31小题的it在宾语从句中作形式主语,代替后面的真正主语tochooseasuitableChristmaspresentforherfather。34小题的pushed和stepped作并列谓语。35小题的where是引导定语从句,在从句中作地点状语。38小题填代词him,在句中作动词please的宾语。40小题wasinformed在句中作谓语。
142023/8/62.(2010广东卷)…Hefilledhisleathercontainersothathecouldbringsomebacktoanelder__32__hadbeenhisteacher.Afterafour-dayjourney,theyoungman__33__(present)thewatertotheoldman.Histeachertookadeepdrink,smiled__34__(warm),andthankedhisstudentverymuchforthesweetwater.….Hespititout,__37__(say)itwasawful.Apparently,itwasnolongerfreshbecauseoftheoldleathercontainer.Heaskedhisteacher,“Sir,thewaterwasawful.Whydidyoupretendtolike__38__?”…【分析】32.who;33.presented;34.warmly;37.saying;38.it。33小题的who引导定语从句,在从句中作主语。33小题presented在句中作谓语。34小题的warmly作状语修饰动词smiled。37小题的saying在从句中作伴随状语。38小题填代词it,在句中作动词like的宾语。3.(2011广东卷)…Igotonthebusandfoundaseatneartheback,andthenInoticedaman__18(sit)atthefront.He19(pretend)thatatigertoywasrealandgivingitavoice.Hemustbe20(mental)disabled.…Behindhimwereotherpeopleto__21__hewastryingtotalk,butaftersomeminutes__22__walkedawayandsatnearme,lookingannoyed.【分析】18.sitting,19.pretended,20.mentally,21.whom,22.he。18小题的sitting在句中作宾语补足语。19小题pretended在句中作谓语。20小题的mentally作状语修饰形容词disabled。21小题的whom在定语从句中作介词to的宾语。22小题填代词he,在句中作主语。【句子成分高考考点分析】
15【句子成分高考考点分析】4.(2012年广东卷)….Hewalkedinasifhe17(buy)theschool,andthewordquicklygotaroundthathewasfromNewYorkCity.….Maryfelt18(please),becausethereweremanyemptyseatsintheroom.....Ofcoursewhenevertheyturnedtolookathim,theyhadtolookatMary,22madeherfeellikeastar….andalltheotherstudentswondered24theboywoulddo.Thenhetook25off,gaveabigsmileandsaid“Thatiscool”.【分析】17.hadbought,18.pleased,22.which,24.what,25.them。17小题的hadbought在句中作谓语。18小题pleased在句中作表语。22小题的which在定语从句中作主语。24小题的what在宾语从句中作介词do的宾语。25小题填代词them,在句中作宾语。掌握句子成分对分析句子结构是很重要的,是写好句子的前提。我们在学习过程中一定要熟悉何种词性作何种成分。
16【句子成分同步练习】请指出下列句子中画线部分的词性和句子成分。1.StudyingEnglishisveryimportant.动名词,主语。2.Itisimportantforustohaveourdreams.不定式,真正主语。3.Thesunrisesintheeast.动词,谓语。4.Shehandedhimabook.间接宾语,代词。5.Mywalletisonthedesk.介词短语,表语。
172023/8/6【句子成分同步练习】6.Thewholeclassgotexcitedatthegoodnews.动词和形容词,系表结构作谓语。7.Thatbuildingbeingrepairedisourlibrary.现在分词,定语。8.Hedidhishomeworkcarefullyathome.副词,状语。9.Weheardhersingingasong.现在分词短语,宾补。10.Hetoldmetomakemyowndecision.不定式,主补。
18高考话题:计划与愿望(plansandintentions)----大学生活AsfarasIknow,lifeatcollegemeansmoreopportunitiesandchallengesaswellasmorefreedom.Therefore,Ishallsetagoalformyselfandmakeaplanandsticktoit.Withmorefreedom,Ishallarrangethetimeproperlytoenrichmyknowledgeinthelibrary,toparticipateinvariousactivitiesandtoenjoysomehealthyformsofrecreation.Besides,Ishallseizeeveryopportunityandmakethemostofthem.Furthermore,I’llnevergiveintoanydifficulty;onthecontrary,I’llacceptthechallengesandimprovemyselfinadaptabilityandsocialskills,etc.(100words)