江苏省宿迁市2021-2022学年高二下学期期末考试英语 Word版含解析

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高二英语试卷注意事项：1.答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、考生号、考场号、座位号填写在答题卡上。2.回答选择题时，选出每小题答案后，用铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。回答非选择题时，将答案写在答题卡上，写在本试卷上无效。3.考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。第一部分听力（共两节，满分30分）做题时，先将答案标在试卷上。录音内容结束后，你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题卡上。第一节（共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分）听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。1.Whatistheweatherliketoday?A.Rainy.B.Cloudy.C.Sunny.2.Howoldisthemannow?A.Just20.B.About23.C.Nearly18.3.Whatisthemostprobablerelationshipbetweenthespeakers?A.Schoolmates.B.Co-workers.C.Husbandandwife.4.Wherearethespeakers?A.Attheairport.B.Atawedding.C.Inaclothingshop.5.Whatarethespeakersmainlytalkingabout?A.Sports.B.Plans.C.Hobbies.第二节（共15小题；每小题1.5分，满分22.5分）听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。6.Whichmoviewillthewomansee?A.Terminator4.B.TheSimpsons.C.AliceinWonderland.

17.Whatdoweknowabouttheman?A.HewillwatchTheSimpsons.B.Hemetthewomansixweeksago.C.Heloveswatchingmovieswithhisfamily.听第7段材料，回答第8至10题。8.Wheredoestheconversationprobablytakeplace?A.Inthestreet.B.Intheclassroom.C.Intheoffice.9.Whydoesthewomanlookupset?A.Shehasgotstuckintraffic.B.ShemissedherEnglishclass.C.Shefeltthatsomethingbadhadhappened.10.Howdoesthemanfeelaboutthewoman'swords?A.Interested.B.Doubtful.C.Certain.听第8段材料，回答第11至13题。11.Whowillpayforthemeal?A.Theman.B.Thewoman.C.GoDutch.12.Howmuchdothespeakersplantotip?A.$20.B.$9.C.$15.13.Whatdothespeakersthinkofthismeal?A.Justso-s0.B.Verysatisfactory.C.Quitedisappointing.听第9段材料，回答第14至17题。14.Howdoesthemansoundatfirst?A.Nervous.B.Confident.C.Surprised.15.Howlongdidthemanworkasadeliveryman?A.Halfayear.B.Ayear.C.Twoyears.16.Whatcanwelearnfromtheconversation?A.Thewomanlikestoeatpizza.B.Themanisuninterestedinhismajor.C.Thewomanwillbetheman'sleader.17.Whatarethespeakersdoing?A.Conductinganinterview.

2B.Talkingabouthowtofindajob.C.Discussingtheirworkexperience.听第10段材料，回答第18至20题。18.Howmanydriverscanfindplacestoparktheircarsinamedium-sizedcity?A.Around100,000.B.Around50,000.C.Around15,000.19.Whatisthepurposeofthe“Park&Ride”system?A.Toencouragepeopletousepublictransport.B.Tobuildmoreparkingareasinthecitycenter.C.Tochargelowerparkingfeesinthecitycenter.20.Whatisthetalkmainlyabout?A.HowtodealwithtrafficjamsinChina.B.HowtosolvetheparkingprobleminChina.C.HowtolimitthenumberofprivatecarlicensesinChina.第二部分阅读（共两节，满分50分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。ATheBayAreaScienceFestivalisback!Goingintoits11thyear,thefestivalisofferingagreatmixofbothin-personandvirtualeventsforthecuriousofallages.Itpreviouslywasheldinthefall,butduetoregionalwildfires,thefestivalhasbeenmovedtothespringthisyearandwillbeginonThursday,April21—intimetocelebrateEarthDayonFriday,April22—andrunthroughApril30.Hereareafewrecommendationsrelatedtoenvironmentalscience.ChangingShorelinesApril25,2022,6p.m.—7p.m.Thisin-persontourandwalkthroughthehistoryofsouthSanFrancisco’sshorelinewillbeanexplorationofhowbothclimatechangeandsea-levelrisehaveaffectedtheshiftsinourshorelines—andyou'lllearnaboutwaystoprotectthem.WildfirefromSpaceApril26,2022,7p.m.—8p.m.OurveryownKQEDevent,hostedbyRobertSimmonsfromPlanetLabs,offersvirtualandin-personopportunitiestolearnaboutwildfiresthroughsatelliteimagery.Seewildfiresfromspaceandlearnhowthelatest

3satellitetechnologyhelpsagenciesandcommunitiesmanageemergencyresponseduringburns.VirtualTourofRecologyApril27,2022,1p.m.—2p.m.Whathappenstotheitemsyouplaceinyourroadsidebins?ThisvirtualeventwillhelpyoulearnaboutthehistoryofRecology,whatittakestorecycleallthatstuff,andwhatyoucandotocreatechangethathasimpact.GreywaterandWetlandsApril30,2022,2p.m.—4p.m.Thisin-persontouroftheEcoCenterwillexploreenvironmentaljusticethemesthroughthehistoryoftheBayview-HuntersPointneighborhood.You’lllearnhowashippingterminalbecamearestoredwetlandhabitat.Plus,you'llhaveachancetotransplantthenativesaltgrassthathelpsrestorewetlandsandprovideshabitatformigratingbirds.1.WhichofthefollowingisasuitabletimeforpeopletoattendtheScienceFestival?A.OnApril20.B.OnMay21.C.OnApril22.D.OnMay30.2.Ifyouareinterestedintherecyclingofhouseholdwaste,whicheventisthebestchoice?A.WildfirefromSpace.B.VirtualTourofRecology.C.ChangingShorelines.D.GreywaterandWetlands.3.Whatdothefoureventsatthefestivalhaveincommon?A.Theyareheldinthefallthisyear.B.Theyaredesignedforallteenagers.C.Theyarebothonlineandofflineactivities.D.Environmentalscienceisacommontheme.【答案】1.C2.B3.D【解析】【导语】本文是应用文。文章主要介绍湾区科学节上的几个与环境科学有关的活动推荐。【1题详解】细节理解题。根据第一段“Itpreviouslywasheldinthefall,butduetoregionalwildfires,thefestivalhasbeenmovedtothespringthisyearandwillbeginonThursday,April21—intimetocelebrateEarthDayonFriday,April22—andrunthroughApril30.”(之前的庆祝活动是在秋天举行的，但由于当地的森林大火，今年的庆祝活动被推迟到了春季，并将于4月21日(星期四)开始，以及庆祝4月22日(星期五)的地球日，一直持续到4月30日。)可知，科学节从4月21日开始，一直持续到4月30日。所以4月22日适合人们参加科学节。故选C。【2题详解】

4细节理解题。根据VirtualTourofRecology部分“Whathappenstotheitemsyouplaceinyourroadsidebins?ThisvirtualeventwillhelpyoulearnaboutthehistoryofRecology,whatittakestorecycleallthatstuff,andwhatyoucandotocreatechangethathasimpact.”(你放在路边垃圾桶里的东西怎么办？这个虚拟活动将帮助你了解再生学的历史，回收所有这些东西需要什么，以及你可以做什么来创造有影响力的改变。)可知，对循环再造家居废物有兴趣的人，可以参加这个活动。故选B。【3题详解】细节理解题。根据第一段“Hereareafewrecommendationsrelatedtoenvironmentalscience.”(这里有一些与环境科学有关的推荐。)可知，这4个活动的共同特点是他们的主题都是环境科学。故选D。BAsthefifthofsevenchildren,Iwenttothesamepublicschoolasmythreeeldersistersandbrother.Everyyear,mymotherwenttothesameceremonyandhadparent-childinterviewswithteachers.Andeverychildparticipatedinanoldschooltradition—theannualplantsaleheldinearlyMay,justtimelyforMother’sDay.Whatwasdifferentwasthechild.ThirdgradewasthefirsttimeIwasallowedtojoinintheplantsale.Originally,Iwantedtosurprisemymother.Forlackofenoughmoney,Iwenttomyeldestsisterandsharedmythought,afterwhichshesupportedmefinancially.Whenarrivingattheplantsale,Icarefullymademyselection,inspectingeachplantforthebestgeranium(天竺葵)andtakingithomeinsecret.WhenMother’sDayarrived,Irememberhowproudanddelightedmymotherwastoreceivethespecialgift.TheyearIwasfifteen,myyoungersisterreachedthirdgrade.InearlyMay,shecametomefullofwonderandsecrecyandtoldmethataplantsalewastobeheldatschool.Asmyeldersisterdidforme,Igavehersomemoneyandoffshewent.Shearrivedhomefullofnervousexcitement,thegeraniumhiddeninapaperbagunderhersweater.“Ilookedateveryplant,”sheexplained,“andIknowIgotthebestone!”Whenshegavemymotherthegeranium,theywerebothburstingwithprideanddelight.Mymotheralsonoticedmeandgavemeasoft,secretsmile.Withatugatmyheart,Ismiledback.Ihadbeenwonderinghowmymothercouldpretendtobesurprisedatthisgiftfromhersixthchild,butasIwatchedhereyeslightupwithdelightasshewaspresentedwiththatmostpreciousgift,Iknewshewasnotpretending.4.Whatcanwelearnfromthefirstparagraph?A.Oursiblingswerefromdifferentschools.BMotherrepeatedlywentforsimilarinterviews.C.Theannualplantsalewasintendedforrecreation.D.Theoldschooltraditionwasheldeveryotheryear.

55.Whydidmymothergivemeasoft,secretsmile?A.Becauseshedidn’tlikethegiftatall.B.Becauseshewaspretendingtobehappy.C.BecausesheknewIgavemoneytomysister.D.Becauseshedidn’twantmetoletoutthesecret.6.Whichofthefollowingbestdescribestheauthor?A.Reliable.B.Considerate.C.HonestD.Frank.7.What’sthesuitabletitleforthispassage?A.SecretsmileB.Mother’sDayC.GeraniumofloveD.Annualplantsale【答案】4.B5.D6.B7.C【解析】【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者和妹妹不约而同准备了天竺葵送给妈妈作为母亲节礼物的暖心故事。【4题详解】细节理解题。根据第一段“Everyyear,mymotherwenttothesameceremonyandhadparent-childinterviewswithteachers.(每年我妈妈都会去参加同一个仪式，和老师进行亲子访谈)”可知，每年妈妈都会去参加相似的亲子访谈。故选B。【5题详解】推理判断题。根据最后一段“Whenshegavemymotherthegeranium,theywerebothburstingwithprideanddelight.Mymotheralsonoticedmeandgavemeasoft,secretsmile.(当她把天竺葵送给母亲时，她们俩都洋溢着骄傲和喜悦。我的母亲也注意到了我，给了我一个温柔的、秘密的微笑)”可推断，作者的妈妈希望作者保守秘密，让作者的妹妹觉得自己选的礼物是独一无二的。故选D。【6题详解】推理判断题。根据第二段“ThirdgradewasthefirsttimeIwasallowedtojoinintheplantsale.Originally,Iwantedtosurprisemymother.(三年级是我第一次被允许参加工厂销售。本来，我想给我妈妈一个惊喜)”以及最后一段“Ihadbeenwonderinghowmymothercouldpretendtobesurprisedatthisgiftfromhersixthchild,butasIwatchedhereyeslightupwithdelightasshewaspresentedwiththatmostpreciousgift,Iknewshewasnotpretending.(我一直在想，我的母亲如何能假装对她第六个孩子送给她的礼物感到惊讶，但当我看到她得到这份最珍贵的礼物时，她的眼睛里闪烁着喜悦的光芒，我知道她不是在假装)

6”可推断，作者是一个很体贴、善解人意的孩子。故选B。【7题详解】主旨大意题。根据文章内容可知，文章主要讲述了作者和妹妹不约而同准备了天竺葵送给妈妈作为母亲节礼物的暖心故事。整篇文章，天竺葵贯穿前后，代表了作者和妹妹对妈妈的爱，也寓意了妈妈对子女的爱护。由此可知，“Geraniumoflove(爱的天竺葵)”最适合作为文章标题。故选C。CCampaignstoprotectthenaturalworldaregettingincreasinglyambitious.Butalthoughthereisconvincingevidencethatprotectedareaspreventhabitatloss,proofthattheyactuallybenefitwildlifeissurprisinglyscanty.Now,thefirstlargestudyofitskindshowsnaturereservescanincreasewaterbirdpopulations,buttypicallyonlyifhumanstakeanactiveroleintheirmanagement.Tounderstandtheimpactofnaturereserves,conservationscientistHannahWauchopedecidedtoanalyzepopulationsofwaterbirdspecies.First,theteamidentified1506protectedareasthathadpopulationdatafrombothbeforeandaftertheywerecreated.Then,theypairedeachreservewithoneormorecontrolsites—asimilarpatchofnearbyhabitat—thatwasunprotected.Thissetuphelpedtheresearchersunderstandhowtheprotectedareainfluencedbirdpopulations.Theresearchershadhopedtheanalysiswouldclearlyshowprotectedareasbenefitbirds.However,only27%ofwaterbirdpopulationsinprotectedareasincreasedafterthecreationofthereservewhile21%ofpopulationswerenegativelyimpacted,comparedwiththecontrolsites,afterareservewasestablished.Asilverliningisthatnearlyhalfthestudiedgroupsneithergrewnorshrank:Atleastthosepopulationswerestable.Tofigureoutwhatwasresponsibleforthepopulationgainsandlosses,theteamanalyzedmultiplefactors,ofwhichthemostimportantwaswhetherthesitewasspecificallymanagedforwaterbirds.Thatcouldmeankeepingriversandlakesattherightlevelsfortheprotectedspecies,removinginvasiveweeds,orinstallingfencingtokeepoutinvasivepredators.“Themodestsuccessoftheseprotectedareasmakessense.”saysPaulFerraro,anenvironmentaleconomist.Inmanypolicycontexts,henotes,mostinterventionsworknobetterthanthestatusquo.However,thenewstudy’smixedresultsarewhatgoodscienceactuallylookslikeandweneedmorestudieslikethisone.8.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“scanty”probablymeaninthefirstparagraph?A.Believable.B.Solid.C.Insufficient.D.Conflicting.9.Whatcanweknowaboutnaturereservesfromparagraph3?A.Nearlyhalfofthewaterbirdpopulationsareinastablestate.B.Amajorityofthewaterbirdpopulationswerenegativelyaffected.

7CNaturereservesincreasedthewaterbirdpopulationsasexpected.D.Protectedareasmakemuchdifferencetothewaterbirdpopulations.10.Whichofthefollowingistheleadingcauseofthefailureofnaturereserves?A.Smallsize.B.Humanactivities.C.Invasiveweeds.D.Ineffectivemanagement.11.Whyaretheenvironmentaleconomist’swordsquoted?A.Toemphasizethevalueofthestudy.B.Toshowthedrawbacksofintervention.C.Toindicatethedifficultyofmorestudies.D.Toexpresssatisfactionaboutthestatusquo.【答案】8.C9.A10.D11.A【解析】【导语】本文是说明文。文章主要讲述建立自然保护区和人类的干预对野生动物的影响。【8题详解】词句猜测题。根据第一段“Butalthoughthereisconvincingevidencethatprotectedareaspreventhabitatloss,proofthattheyactuallybenefitwildlifeissurprisinglyscanty.”(但是，尽管有令人信服的证据表明，保护区可以防止栖息地的丧失，但是能证明保护区实际上有益于野生动物的证据却惊人地scanty。)可知，scanty是形容词。分析句子结构和意思可知，2个小分句之间是转折的关系，上文提到“有令人信服的证据”，下文就应该是“能证明保护区实际上有益于野生动物的证据是不足的”，这样上下文才能构成对比和转折，所以scanty的意思应该是“不足的”，和选项C意思一致。故选C。【9题详解】细节理解题。根据第三段“Asilverliningisthatnearlyhalfthestudiedgroupsneithergrewnorshrank:Atleastthosepopulationswerestable.”(值得庆幸的是，几乎一半的研究群体既没有增长也没有减少：至少这些群体是稳定的。)可知，几乎一半的水鸟数量是处于稳定状态的。故选A。【10题详解】推理判断题。根据第四段“Tofigureoutwhatwasresponsibleforthepopulationgainsandlosses,theteamanalyzedmultiplefactors,ofwhichthemostimportantwaswhetherthesitewasspecificallymanagedforwaterbirds.”(为了弄清楚是什么导致了这些鸟的数量的增加和减少，研究小组分析了多种因素，其中最重要的是这个地方是否是专门为水鸟管理的。)可知，管理是决定鸟类数量的最重要因素，所以如果一个自然保护区失败了，那么，最重要的原因应该是管理不善。故选D。【11题详解】推理判断题。根据最后一段““Themodestsuccessoftheseprotectedareasmakessense.”saysPaulFerraro,anenvironmentaleconomist.”(“这些保护区的适度成功是有意义的。”环境经济学家保罗·费拉罗说。)

8可知，作者引用环境经济学家保罗·费拉罗的话，是为了强调研究的价值。故选A。DWelcometotheanti-climax,theoften-experiencedbutseldom-discusseddownsideofachievinglife’smilestones.Inpsychology,thebeliefthatachievingourgoalwillbringusalastingfeelingofhappinessiscalled“arrivalfallacy”,whichplaysabigpartinthefeelingsofemptinessthatfollowit.It’safeelingthat’salltoofamiliarforKatieFord,aveterinarysurgeon.Togainanextraqualification,sheputincountlesshoursofstudyandmadelotsofsacrificesalongtheway,butnowinsteadofcelebrationandpride,shefeelsemptinessandconfusion,whichhavethepotentialtodevelopsymptomsofdepressionandlowmood.Ifyoufindyourselfinasimilarsituationoryoususpectworkingtowardsyourmilestonesmaybealetdownwhenyoureachthefinishline,therearestepstohelpgetridofanti-climax.First,insteadofrushingforittobedone,slowdowntoenjoythedoing,andrememberthatlotsofthingsinourlivesarenevertrulydone,butconstantlyevolvejustlikewedo.Anothervitalstepisacknowledgingthesmallwins.Wehavelotsofsteppingstonestoabiggoaltopauseon,socelebratehowfaryou’vecomefromthefirstone,andlookforwardtothemanystonesinfront.Third,anticipatinganti-climaxesintheleaduptobigmilestonescanalsolessentheirimpact.Anti-climaxesarejustascommonaspost-holidayblues,sowe’dbetternormalizethem.Ratherthandownplayingyourmilestonesormovingstraighttothenext,mindfullycherishthemoment,recognizeyourprogressandrewardyourselfpositively.Thatway,youwon’tfallintothefallacyofhaving“madeit”.Instead,you’llseethatyouarehappily“makingit”alongthejourneythatisanentirelifetime.12.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“it”inthefirstparagraphreferto?A.Thebelief.B.Achievingourgoal.C.Arrivalfallacy.D.Afeelingofhappiness.13.WhydoestheauthorcitetheexampleofKatieFord?A.Toexplainarule.B.Toclarifyaconcept.C.Todrawaconclusion.D.Tomakeaprediction.14.Whatdoesthethirdparagraphmainlytalkabout?A.Whetheryoufallvictimtoanti-climax.B.WhetheryouempathizewithKatieFord.C.Howyoucanprotectyourselffromanti-climax.D.Howyoucanidentifythesymptomsofanti-climax.15.What’sthepurposeofthisarticle?A.Tohelpushowtodealwithanti-climax.

9B.Tosetreadersthinkingaboutanti-climax.C.Toremindusofthedangerofanti-climax.D.Todiscussthenecessityofpreventinganti-climax.【答案】12.B13.B14.C15.A【解析】【导语】本文是说明文。文章主要告诉人们在反高潮、感到空虚时应该如何面对和解决。【12题详解】词句猜测题。根据第一段“Inpsychology,thebeliefthatachievingourgoalwillbringusalastingfeelingofhappinessiscalled“arrivalfallacy”,whichplaysabigpartinthefeelingsofemptinessthatfollowit.”(在心理学中，相信实现目标会带给我们持久的幸福感，这种信念被称为“到达谬误”，它在随之而来的空虚感中扮演了重要角色。)分析可知，it指代上文提到的“实现目标”。whichplaysabigpartinthefeelingsofemptinessthatfollowit.引导非限制性定语从句，先行词是arrivalfallacy，that引导定语从句修饰thefeelings,可以翻译为：到达谬误在跟随实现目标而来的空虚感中扮演了重要角色。故选B。【13题详解】推理判断题。根据第二段“It’safeelingthat’salltoofamiliarforKatieFord,aveterinarysurgeon.Togainanextraqualification,sheputincountlesshoursofstudyandmadelotsofsacrificesalongtheway,butnowinsteadofcelebrationandpride,shefeelsemptinessandconfusion,whichhavethepotentialtodevelopsymptomsofdepressionandlowmood.”(这种感觉对KatieFord来说再熟悉不过了，她是个兽医。为了获得一个额外的资格证书，她投入了无数个小时的学习，一路上做出了很多牺牲，但现在，她感到的不是庆祝和骄傲，而是空虚和困惑，这有可能导致抑郁和反高潮的症状。)可知，这一段以KatieFord为例，是为了进一步阐明第一段提到的“到达谬误”这一概念。故选B。【14题详解】主旨大意题。根据第三段“Ifyoufindyourselfinasimilarsituationoryoususpectworkingtowardsyourmilestonesmaybealetdownwhenyoureachthefinishline,therearestepstohelpgetridofanti-climax.First,insteadofrushingforittobedone,slowdowntoenjoythedoing,andrememberthatlotsofthingsinourlivesarenevertrulydone,butconstantlyevolvejustlikewedo.Anothervitalstepisacknowledgingthesmallwins.Wehavelotsofsteppingstonestoabiggoaltopauseon,socelebratehowfaryou’vecomefromthefirstone,andlookforwardtothemanystonesinfront.Third,anticipatinganti-climaxesintheleaduptobigmilestonescanalsolessentheirimpact.Anti-climaxesarejustascommonaspost-holidayblues,sowe’dbetternormalizethem.”(

10如果你发现自己处于类似的情况，或者你怀疑朝着里程碑前进的过程可能会让你在到达终点时感到失望，这里有一些步骤可以帮助你摆脱反高潮。首先，与其急着去做，不如慢下来享受做这件事的过程。记住，我们生活中的很多事情从来没有真正完成过，而是像我们一样不断进化。另一个重要的步骤是承认小的胜利。我们有很多通向大目标的垫脚石，可以停下来，所以庆祝你从第一个目标走了多远，并期待前面的许多垫脚石。第三，在重要的里程碑之前预估反高潮也可以减少它们的影响。反高潮和节后抑郁一样普遍，所以我们最好把它们常态化)可知，这一段主要介绍如何保护自己免受反高潮的影响。故选C。【15题详解】推理判断题。根据最后一段“Ratherthandownplayingyourmilestonesormovingstraighttothenext,mindfullycherishthemoment,recognizeyourprogressandrewardyourselfpositively.Thatway,youwon’tfallintothefallacyofhaving“madeit”.Instead,you’llseethatyouarehappily“makingit”alongthejourneythatisanentirelifetime.”(与其淡化你的里程碑或者直接进入下一个阶段，不如谨慎地珍惜当下，认识到你的进步并且积极地奖励自己。这样，你就不会陷入“成功”的谬论。相反，你会看到自己在一生的旅程中快乐地“成功”。)可知，作者写这篇文章是为了帮助我们如何解决反高潮。故选A。第二节（共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分）阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项，Whenheadingtobed,peopleoftendosomethingstopromotesleep,suchasdrinkingacupofwarmmilk.___16___Theanswerisvaried."Onereasonthatwarmmilkmakespeoplesleepyisthatitremindsyouofthepersonwhowaskindenoughtogiveittoyouwhenyouwereyounger,"saidpsychologistMichael.___17___Onthemolecularlevel,thetryptophan(色氨酸)inmilkhaspropertieswhichcanpromotesleeping.___18___Ourbodiesusethetryptophanfromfood,alongwithotherthings,toproducethebrainchemicalserotonin,whichistransformedintomelatonin,ahormonethathelpsyousleep.___19___That'sbecausethebodytransformsitintohormonesthatenhancesleep.Butinreality,itwouldtakealotoftryptophantomakeapersonfeelsleepy.Evenifapersondrinksthatmuchmilk,it'sunclearwhetherthehighamountoftryptophanwouldbeenoughtomakehimorherfeelsleepy.Milk,afterall,containsmanyothermaterialsthatcompetetoenterourbrainthroughtheblood.Thus,thesleep-promotingeffectofmilkislimited.Asforthetemperatureofthemilk,therearen'tanystudiesthatsuggestmilkhastobewarmforanyofitspsychologicalorphysicaleffectstokickin.___20___Itcaninturnhelptorelaxthebody.A.Thecalmingassociationmayhelptolowerpre-sleepanxiety.B.Intheory,takingfoodrichintryptophancanmakeusfeelsleepy.

11C.Thebodyneedsthetryptophaninthemilktocalmourselvesdown.D.Canthetemperatureofthemilkacceleratethespeedofoursleeping?E.Thebodycannotproducetryptophan,sopeoplemustgetitfromthediet.F.Butthewarmthofthemilkmayhelpraiseourinternalbodytemperatures.G.Butisthereanyscientificevidencethatdrinkingwarmmilkwillmakeyousleepy?【答案】16.G17.A18.E19.B20.F【解析】【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要对睡前喝热牛奶是否对睡眠有用进行了解释。文章指出，热牛奶之所以对你睡眠有助一方面是因为它让你想起曾经给你热牛奶的人，这有一定缓解焦虑的作用；另一方面是因为热牛奶里的色氨酸也有促进睡眠的作用，但是实际情况来看，可能其效果有限。除此以外，牛奶的温度从某种程度上也能让你放松，从而睡个好觉。【16题详解】根据后文“Theanswerisvaried.(这个答案是多种多样的。)”以及““Onereasonthatwarmmilkmakespeoplesleepyisthatitremindsyouofthepersonwhowaskindenoughtogiveittoyouwhenyouwereyounger,"saidpsychologistMichael.(心理学家迈克尔说:“热牛奶让人昏昏欲睡的一个原因是，它会让你想起那个在你年轻时好心给你热牛奶的人。”)”和“Onthemolecularlevel,thetryptophan（色氨酸）inmilkhaspropertieswhichcanpromotesleeping.(在分子水平上，色氨酸具有促进睡眠的特性。)”可知，后文是对选项所提出的一个问题进行回答，该问题跟后文所提到的内容相关，故选项应为一个疑问句。选项G中的“scientificevidence”对应后文中的“Onthemolecularlevel”，而选项中的makeyousleepy在后文又被提到，两者互相照应。故选G项。【17题详解】根据前文“'Onereasonthatwarmmilkmakespeoplesleepyisthatitremindsyouofthepersonwhowaskindenoughtogiveittoyouwhenyouwereyounger,'saidpsychologistMichael.(心理学家迈克尔说:“热牛奶让人昏昏欲睡的一个原因是，它会让你想起那个在你年轻时好心给你热牛奶的人。”)”可知，热牛奶让人想起曾经给自己温暖的人，使人内心感动，这种联系能减缓睡前焦虑。选项A中的“Thecalmingassociation”对应前文的提到的“想起那个在你年轻时好心给你热牛奶的人”，这会产生令人镇静的作用，因此推断A项“这种镇静的联系可能有助于降低睡前焦虑。”符合语境。故选A项。18题详解】根据后文“Ourbodiesusethetryptophanfromfood,alongwithotherthings,toproducethebrainchemicalserotonin,whichistransformedintomelatonin,ahormonethathelpsyousleep.(我们身体利用食物中的色氨酸和其他物质来产生大脑化学物质血清素。血清素被转化为褪黑激素，这种激素有助于睡眠。)

12”可知，色氨酸是从食物以及其他物质中获取的，我们身体本身不具有色氨酸。故E选项中的“getitfromthediet”对应“usethetryptophanfromfood,alongwithotherthings”。因此推断E项“人体不能产生色氨酸，所以人们必须从饮食中获取色氨酸。”符合语境。故选E项。【19题详解】根据后文“That'sbecausethebodytransformsitintohormonesthatenhancesleep.Butinreality,itwouldtakealotoftryptophantomakeapersonfeelsleepy.(这是因为身体将其转化为增强睡眠的激素。但事实上，需要大量的色氨酸才能让人感到困倦。)”可知，本段从理论和实际两个方面去论述到底色氨酸是否具有助眠的作用。选项B中的“Intheory”与后文的“Butinreality”相对应。因此推断B项“从理论上讲，食用富含色氨酸的食物会让我们感到困倦。”符合语境。故选B项。【20题详解】根据前文“Asforthetemperatureofthemilk,therearen'tanystudiesthatsuggestmilkhastobewarmforanyofitspsychologicalorphysicaleffectstokickin.(至于牛奶的温度，没有任何研究表明牛奶必须是热的才能发挥其心理或生理作用。)”以及后文“Itcaninturnhelptorelaxthebody.(这反过来有助于放松身体。)”可知，本段讲述的是牛奶的温度可能也是一个影响助眠效果的因素。选项F中的“thewarmthofthemilk”对应前文的“thetemperatureofthemilk”以及选项中的“raiseourinternalbodytemperatures”对应后文的“it”，故选项F“但牛奶的温度可能有助于提高我们体内的温度。”符合语境，具有承上启下的作用。故选F项。第三部分语言运用（共两节，满分30分）第一节（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分）阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。LifeRollsOnIwasaboutninethefirsttimeIgotonaboard.WhenIwastwelve,Ibegantocompeteinsurfing,___21___numberoneinPacificSurfSeries.Fortunefavoredme___22___eversince.Thencametheday___23___mylifechanged.AsIsurfed,thewave___24___meinmybacksofastthatIhadnotimetorespond.Mywholebodywentnumb—unableto___25___.Unsurprisingly,Iwasdiagnosedparalyzed(瘫痪的).Badasitwas,Ifeltproudofmyselfby___26___thewilltolive.Insteadofbeingafraid,Irealizedhow___27___Ihadbeenthefirstseventeenyearsofmylife,feelingblessedbyGod.Thatfall,Ireturnedtoschoolandendedup___28___ontime.Shortlyafterthat,Iwaseven___29___byaUniversitywhereIlivedmylifetothefullestfromgoingoutonwater-skiingtoplayingwheelchairtennis.The_____30_____ofmylifecamenearlyfouryearsaftertheaccident.Iultimatelygotbackinthe_____31_____

13thatIhadmissedsomuch—onasurfboard.Despitethechallenges,I_____32_____myabilities,soImakemyownpath,myowndecisions.IknowI’llneverrealizemydreamofbeingtheworld’s_____33_____surfer,butIstillhavesomanyelseto_____34_____.Liferollson,_____35_____continuetorollonandI’mrollinginandsurfingrightalongwithitall.21.A.attainingB.gainingC.rankingD.defeating22.A.conciselyB.incrediblyC.solelyD.randomly23.A.whenB.whichC.afterD.since24.A.huggedB.swallowedC.draggedD.hit25.A.sayB.runC.jumpD.move26.A.abandoningB.maintainingC.suspectingD.testing27.A.confusedB.disappointedC.fortunateD.excited28.A.recoveringB.trainingC.surfingD.graduating29.A.admittedB.rejectedC.praisedD.hired30.A.highlightB.crossroadC.twilightD.passion31.A.clubB.schoolC.waterD.pool32.A.trustB.doubtC.changeD.lose33.A.privilegedB.professionalC.diligentD.amateur34.A.doB.achieveC.attendD.finish35.A.competitionsB.tasksC.journeysD.waves【答案】21.C22.B23.A24.D25.D26.B27.C28.D29.A30.A31.C32.A33.B34.B35.D【解析】【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者美好的生活发生改变后，依然乐观和积极向上，不断地挑战自我。【21题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：十二岁时，我开始参加冲浪比赛，在太平洋冲浪系列赛中名列第一。A.attaining实现；B.gaining获得；C.ranking排列；D.defeating打败。根据“WhenIwastwelve,Ibegantocompeteinsurfing,”可知，作者在冲浪比赛中排名第一。固定搭配“ranknumberone”意为“位列第一”。故选C。【22题详解】

14考查副词词义辨析。句意：从那以后，命运就一直非常地眷顾着我。A.concisely简明地；B.incredibly非常地；C.solely单独地；D.randomly随便地。根据“eversince.”可知，从作者拿第一名之后，命运就非常地眷顾着作者。故选B。【23题详解】考查定语从句。句意：直到有一天，我的生活改变了。A.when什么时候；B.which哪一个；C.after后来；D.since自......以后。分析句子结构可知，本句为定语从句，先行词为theday，在定语从句中作时间状语，所以用关系副词when引导。故选A。【24题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：当我冲浪时，海浪很快地打在我的背上，我没有时间做出反应。A.hugged拥抱；B.swallowed吞下；C.dragged拖；D.hit打。根据“AsIsurfed”可知，作者冲浪时，海浪迅速地打在作者的背上。故选D。【25题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：我的整个身体变得麻木——无法移动。A.say说；B.run跑；C.jump跳；D.move移动。根据“Mywholebodywentnumb”可知，作者因为整个身体变得麻木而无法移动。故选D。26题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：尽管情况很糟糕，但我为自己保持了活下去的意志而感到自豪。A.abandoning抛弃；B.maintaining保持；C.suspecting怀疑；D.testing测试。根据“Badasitwas,Ifeltproudofmyself”可知，作者为自己保持了活下去的意志而感到自豪。故选B。【27题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我没有害怕，我意识到我生命的前17年是多么幸运，感觉得到上帝的祝福。A.confused困惑的；B.disappointed失望的；C.fortunate幸运的；D.excited激动的。根据“Fortunefavoredme___2___eversince.”可知，作者感觉自己很幸运。故选C。【28题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：那年秋天，我回到学校，终于按时毕业了。A.recovering恢复；B.training训练；C.surfing浏览；D.graduating毕业。根据“Unsurprisingly,Iwasdiagnosedparalyzed(瘫痪的).”和“Thatfall,Ireturnedtoschool”可知，作者虽然瘫痪，但仍然按时毕业。故选D。【29题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：在那之后不久，我甚至被一所大学录取，在那里我尽情地享受着从滑水到轮椅网球的生活。A.admitted录取；B.rejected拒绝；C.praised赞扬；D.hired雇佣。根据“byaUniversity”可知，作者被一所大学录取。故选A。【30题详解】

15考查名词词义辨析。句意：我生命中最精彩的时刻出现在事故发生近四年后。A.highlight精彩部分；B.crossroad十字路口；C.twilight黄昏；D.passion激情。根据“Shortlyafterthat,Iwaseven___9___byaUniversitywhereIlivedmylifetothefullestfromgoingoutonwater-skiingtoplayingwheelchairtennis.”可知，作者认为生命中最精彩的时刻出现在自己受伤后的近四年。故选A。【31题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：我最终回到了我想念了很久的水里——回到了冲浪板上。A.club俱乐部；B.school学校；C.water水；D.pool游泳池。根据“onasurfboard.”和常识可知，冲浪是在水里。故选C。【32题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：尽管面临挑战，但我相信自己的能力，所以我走自己的路，做自己的决定。A.trust信任；B.doubt怀疑；C.change改变；D.lose失去。根据“soImakemyownpath,myowndecisions.”可知，作者相信自己的能力。故选A。【33题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我知道我永远不会实现成为世界职业冲浪运动员的梦想，但我还有很多事情要实现。A.privileged有特权的；B.professional专业的；C.diligent勤奋的；D.amateur业余的。根据“butIstillhavesomanyelseto___14___.”和上文可知，因为作者受过伤，所以不会成为世界职业冲浪运动员。故选B。【34题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：我知道我永远不会实现成为世界职业冲浪运动员的梦想，但我还有很多事情要实现。A.do做；B.achieve获得；C.attend参加；D.finish完成。根据“IknowI’llneverrealizemydreamofbeingtheworld’s___13___surfer,”可知，作者虽然知道自己不会实现成为世界职业冲浪运动员的梦想，但认为自己还有很多事情要实现。故选B。【35题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：生活还在继续，海浪还在继续，我也在继续，和它一起冲浪。A.competitions竞争；B.tasks任务；C.journeys旅行；D.waves波浪。根据“rollonandI’mrollinginandsurfingrightalongwithitall.”可知，作者会继续冲浪。故选D。第二节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。Chinesesealsaresymbolicofidentity,statusandculture.Withroots___36___(date)backthousandsofyears,theyaremorethanjustauniquemotif(图案).AChineseseal(yìnzhāng)isasealorstamp___37___(use)tomarkimportantdocuments,oranyotheritemthatrequiresasignature.___38___(typical),thesealsaremadeofstone,buttheycanalsobemadeofwood,

16bamboo,etc.Whenthesealsareused,they___39___(dip)ineitherredinkorcinnabar(朱砂)paste.Itwasn’tuntiltheMingandQingdynastiesthatthesealswerewidelyused,duetothe___40___(expand)ofthearts.Artistsusedastylizedsealcarvingoftheirnames___41___(mark)theownershipoftheirworks.Individualsalsousedapersonalizedstamp___42___importantdocuments.Engravings(雕刻)onthesealfacecanfollowseveralcalligraphystyles,___43___masterengraverssparednoefforttodevelop.Today,sealsarestillusedwidelythroughoutChinaformarkingimportantdocuments.Sealsareoftenaccompaniedbyhandsignaturesasa___44___(much)secureformofidentificationthanjustonetype.Nowadays,alongwithcalligraphy,paintingandwaxprinting,sealcarvingisconsidered____45____traditionalChineseart.【答案】36.dating37.used38.Typically39.aredipped40.expansion41.tomark42.for43.which44.more45.a【解析】【导语】本文是说明文。文章主要介绍中国印章的发展历史和特征。【36题详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：它们的根源可以追溯到几千年前，它们不仅仅是一个独特的图案。分析句子结构可知，动词date和被修饰的名词roots是逻辑上的主谓关系，所以用现在分词，表示主动，作宾补。故填dating。【37题详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：中国印章是用于标记重要文件或其他需要签名的物品的印章或邮票。分析句子结构可知，动词use和被修饰的名词短语asealorstamp是逻辑上的动宾关系，所以用过去分词，表示被动，做后置定语。故填used。【38题详解】考查副词。句意：典型的来说，印章是石头做的，但它们也可以用木材，竹子等。分析句子结构可知，这里需要副词做状语，修饰整个句子。故填Typically。【39题详解】

17考查动词语态。句意：当印章被使用时，他们会被浸在红墨水或朱砂糊里。分析句子结构和意思可知，主语they和谓语动词dip是被动关系，这里考查一般现在时的被动结构，主语是they，be动词用are。故填aredipped。【40题详解】考查名词。句意：直到明清时期，由于艺术的发展，印章才被广泛使用。分析句子结构可知，这里考查名词，作宾语。故填expansion。【41题详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：艺术家用风格化的印章雕刻他们的名字来标记他们作品的所有权。分析句子结构可知，这里考查动词不定式短语做目的状语。故填tomark。【42题详解】考查介词。句意：个人也因为重要文件使用个性化的印章。分析句子结构可知，这里考查介词，表示“为了”的意思。故填for。【43题详解】考查定语从句。句意：印面雕刻可以遵循多种书法风格，雕刻大师不遗余力地发展这些风格。分析句子结构可知，___8___masterengraverssparednoefforttodevelop是非限制性定语从句，先行词calligraphystyles在从句中作宾语，指物。故填which。【44题详解】考查形容词比较级。句意：印章通常附有手写签名，作为一种比单一类型更安全的识别形式。分析句子结构可知，后面有thanjustonetype，是比较对象，所以这里考查形容词的比较级。故填more。【45题详解】考查冠词。句意：如今，篆刻和书法、绘画、蜡印一样，被认为是中国的传统艺术。分析句子结构可知，art是可数名词单数，前面需要限定词修饰，表示泛指，“一”的意思，所以用不定冠词，空格后的traditional第一个音素是辅音音素，所以用a。故填a。第四部分写作（共两节，满分40分）第一节（满分15分）46.请你以学生会的名义，以“WeShouldTaketheFamilyResponsibilities”为主题写一份倡议书，向全校同学发起倡议，内容包括：1.承担责任的必要性；2.如何承担家庭责任；3.发起倡议。1.写作词数应为80左右；2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。

18Dearfellowstudents,______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________TheStudentsUnion【答案】Dearfellowstudents,Aswearegrowingintoteenagers,weshouldtakethefamilyresponsibilities.Somestudentstakeitforgrantedthatourparentsshouldtakecareofus.Butweshouldknowthatwearepartofourfamily,sowealsoshouldberesponsibleforthewholefamily.Weshouldtakecareofourparentsastheydoitforus.Wecandosomecleaning,washtheclothes,ormakesomefood.Onlyafterwedothesethingscanwerealizethehardshipandlovefromourparents.Boysandgirls,takeactiontosharethefamilyresponsibilities!Weteenagersshouldlearntodoit.TheStudentsUnion【解析】【导语】本文是应用文。要求考生以“WeShouldTaketheFamilyResponsibilities”为主题写一份倡议书，向全校同学发起倡议，要学会承担家庭责任。【详解】1.词汇积累变成：growinto→turninto照顾：takecareof→carefor意识到：realize→understand采取行动：takeaction→takemeasures2.句式拓展简单句变复合句原句：Boysandgirls,takeactiontosharethefamilyresponsibilities!Weteenagersshouldlearntodoit.拓展句：Boysandgirls,takeactiontosharethefamilyresponsibilities,whichiswhatweteenagersshouldlearntodo.【点睛】[高分句型1]Aswearegrowingintoteenagers,weshouldtakethefamilyresponsibilities.（由As引导的时间状语从句）[高分句型2]Somestudentstakeitforgrantedthatourparentsshouldtakecareofus.（由that引导的宾语从句）[高分句型3]Butweshouldknowthatwearepartofourfamily,sowealsoshouldberesponsibleforthewhole

19family.（由that引导的宾语从句）第二节（满分25分）47.阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。Ialwaysrememberthequote,“whenyouarefacingachallenge,nomatterhowharditis,justbitethebullet,andyouwillgetitover”,whichwaspasseddownfrommygreatgrandmotherinmyfamily.Duringmyfirstyearofmiddleschool,Ileftmyparentstolivewithmygrandparentswhowereinanothercity.Icanstillrememberthedaywhenmymother'seyesturnedredwhenIwasabouttoentertheairport.FathertriedtohugmebutIrefused,becauseIwantedthemtoknowthatIwasmatureenoughtohandlethismyself.Soon,Iregrettedmydecision.Althoughitwasearlyinthemorning,theairportseemedtobealreadyfilledwithpeople.AfterIsettleddown,Istillhadsometimeleft.ItriedtoreadabookthatIthoughtwasinteresting;however,nomatterhowhardItried,Icouldnotfocusmyattentiononthebook.AsIlookedaround,therewerechildrenaboutmyagewiththeirparents.Iseemedtobetheonlykidsittingonthechairalone.Itwasonly40minutesbeforeIenteredtheplane,butIfeltIhadsattherealoneforyearswhenIheardtheflightattendantannouncedthatwecouldboardtheplane.Ihadseveralexperiencesoftakingaplanebefore,andIthoughtIcouldgetitoverwithease.ButIwaswrong.Sittingbesidemewasamiddle-agedman,wholookedlikeabusinessman.Aftertheplanetookoff,lookingatthecloudsoutsidethewindow,Istartedtothinkaboutthethingsthathappenedinthemorning,mydad’svoice,mymom'sredeyes.Ifeltmyeyesstinging,andwhenIrubbedthem,awarmliquidwashedmyfingers-tears.注意：1.续写词数应为150左右；2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。Thencameaclearandgentlevoice,“Firsttimetravellingalone?”______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Encouragedandrelieved,Idecidedtoenjoytherestofthejourney.______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________【答案】Thencameaclearandgentlevoice,“Firsttimetravellingalone?”Ilookedup,tryingnottoletmyvoice

20break,“Yes,sir”.Thebusinessmanleanedtowardsme,pattedmegentlyonmyshoulderandpatientlysharedhisfirsttravellingexperiencewithme.Teenagerashewas,confusedandalarmedjustlikeme,hemanagediteventually.Hiswarmsmilefloodedmyheart,makingmesomehowforgetabouttheunpleasantfeeling.Encouragedandrelieved,Idecidedtoenjoytherestofthejourney.Sowekepttalkinghappilythroughoutthewholeflightuntilourconversationwasinterruptedbytheannouncementoftheflightattendant,whichremindedusthattheplanewasabouttoland.Ongoingoutoftheplane,Iwaswelcomedbymygrandparents’warmsmilesandhighpraise.IsuddenlyrealizedthemeaningofthequotepasseddowninmyfamilyandthispreciousquotealwaysjumpsintomyheadeverytimeIhaveanewchallenge.【解析】【导语】本文为一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者第一次乘坐飞机的经历，多亏了陌生人的陪伴和鼓励，作者才成功做到了，也最终明白了“当你面临挑战的时候，不管有多困难，只要咬紧牙关，你就会克服它”。【详解】1.段落续写：①由第一段首句内容“这时传来一个清晰而温柔的声音：‘第一次独自旅行？’”以及第二段首句“受到鼓舞和宽慰后，我决定享受余下的旅程。”可知，第一段可描写陌生人是如何鼓舞和给作者带来宽慰。②由第二段首句“受到鼓舞和宽慰后，我决定享受余下的旅程。”可知，第二段可描写作者如何度过接下来的时光并回到本文第一段的主题“当你面临挑战的时候，不管有多困难，只要咬紧牙关，你就会克服它”。2.续写线索：决定一个人坐飞机——情绪低落——遇到陌生人——陌生人鼓励作者——开始享受旅程3.词汇激活行为类①抬头：lookup/raiseone’shead②充满：flood/fill情绪类①困惑的：confused/bewildered②不开心：unpleasant/unhappy【点睛】【高分句型1】Teenagerashewas,confusedandalarmedjustlikeme,hemanagediteventually.（运用了as引导的让步状语从句，且构成倒装）【高分句型2】Sowekepttalkinghappilythroughoutthewholeflightuntilourconversationwasinterruptedbytheannouncementoftheflightattendant,whichremindedusthattheplanewasabouttoland.（运用了until

21引导的时间状语从句、which引导的定语从句和that引导的宾语从句）

22