北京市东城区2021-2022学年高二下学期期末考试英语Word版含解析

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东城区2021-2022学年度高二第二学期期末统一检测英语试卷一、完形填空（共10小题；每小题1.5分，共15分）阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。Amotherandherfouryoungchildrenwereasleepwhenafireeruptedinthehome.RamonPasborgwas___1___homewhenhesmelledsmokeandsawflames(火焰)comingfromawindow.Pasborgdecidedto___2___thedriveway,wherehesawayounggirlandtwoboysleavingthehouse.TheytoldPasborgthattheirmotherand4-year-oldlittlebrotherwerestillinside—andwithout___3___heenteredthehouse.Pasborgcouldnotseeanythinginsidebecauseofheavysmokes,sohecrawled(爬行)onhishandsandkneesonthefloorseveralfeetintothekitchenbeforehefoundthesmallchild.Heimmediately___4___theboyaroundthewaist,pickedhimupandcarriedhim,outside.Withatemperaturebelowzero,Pasborgquicklyputallfourchildreninistrucktokeepthem___5___beforeenteringtheburninghomeasecondtime,thistimecrawlingthroughthekitchen___6___intothehouseinsearchofthechildren'smissingmother.Momentslater,Pasborgfoundthewomanlyingonthefloor,badlyburnedandstrugglingtobreathe.Afterdraggingheroutside,henoticedthatshewas___7___andnolongerbreathing,sohebeganperforminglifesavingmeasuresuntilshesuddenlytookadeepbreath.Pasborgthendrovethefamilytotheendofthedrivewaynearthehighwayandawaitedthe___8___ofemergencyfirstresponders.Thefamilyweretouchedbythe___9___andselflessnessPasborgdisplayed.Thehero'swillingnessto___10___hisownlifetorescuethisfamilywasthedifferencebetweenlifeanddeathforthisyoungmotherandherchild.1.A.stayingB.movingC.walkingD.driving2.A.pullintoB.runintoC.breakintoD.lookinto3.A.questionB.hesitationC.permissionD.expectation4.A.touchedB.surroundedC.grabbedD.shook5.A.warmB.calmC.cleanD.awake6.A.lowerB.closerC.higherD.deeper7.A.discouragedB.unresponsiveC.impatientD.unpleasant8.A.entryB.returnC.arrivalD.guide9A.loyaltyB.courageC.generosityD.humbleness

110.A.riskB.sustainC.adjustD.save【答案】1.D2.A3.B4.C5.A6.D7.B8.C9.B10.A【解析】【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了帕斯博格在回家的路上遇到火灾，毫不犹豫地进入火海并成功救出一家人的事迹。【1题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：拉蒙·帕斯博格开车回家时闻到了烟味，看到一家房子窗外有火焰。A.staying停留；B.moving移动；C.walking散步；D.driving驾驶。根据第三段的“Pasborgthendrovethefamilytotheendofthedriveway.（帕斯伯格随后开车将一家人送到了车道的尽头。）”可知，帕斯伯格是在驾车回家的路上遇到了这起火灾。故选D项。【2题详解】考查动词短语辨析。句意：帕斯博格决定把车驶入一旁的私家车道停下，在那里他看到一个小女孩和两个男孩离开了房子。A.pullinto停车；B.runinto遇见；C.breakinto强行进入；D.lookinto调查。根据后文的“heenteredthehouse（他进了屋）”可知，帕斯伯格将车停好准备接下来的救人。故选A项。【3题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：他们告诉帕斯伯格，他们的母亲和4岁的弟弟还在里面，然后他毫不犹豫地进入了屋内。A.question问题；B.hesitation犹豫不决；C.permission允许；D.expectation期望。根据后文的“Pasborgcouldnotseeanythinginsidebecauseofheavysmokes.（帕斯博格因为浓烟而看不到里面的任何东西。）”可知，情况紧急，在知道屋内有人被困后他第一时间进入了屋内救人，withouthesitation：毫不犹豫。故选B项。【4题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：他立即搂住少年的腰，将他抱起来，往外走。A.touched接触；B.surrounded包围；C.grabbed抓住；D.shook摇摆。发现男孩后他要救孩子出去，grabsb.aroundthewaist：抓住某人的腰部。故选C项。【5题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：温度低于零下，帕斯博格迅速将四个孩子全部送进卡车取暖，然后第二次进入着火的家，这次他是从厨房爬到屋子更深处，寻找孩子们失踪的母亲。A.warm温暖的；B.calm平静的；C.clean干净的；D.awake清醒的。根据“Withatemperaturebelowzero（温度低于零下）”可知，户外很冷，帕斯博格将四个孩子送进卡车取暖。故选A项。【6题详解】

2考查副词词义辨析。句意：温度低于零下，帕斯博格迅速将四个孩子全部送进卡车取暖，然后第二次进入着火的家，这次他是从厨房爬到屋子更深处，寻找孩子们失踪的母亲。A.lower更低地；B.closer更近地；C.higher更高地；D.deeper更深地。根据上一题的分析可知，帕斯博格第一轮救人没有发现孩子们的母亲，因此帕斯博格第二轮救人就要更加深入屋内。故选D项。【7题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：将她拖到外面后，他发现她已经没有反应，没有呼吸了，于是他开始采取救生措施，直到她突然深吸了一口气。A.discouraged泄气的；B.unresponsive无反应的；C.impatient没有耐心的；D.unpleasant不愉快的。根据“nolongerbreathing（不再呼吸）”可知，这位母亲暂时没有了反应。故选B项。【8题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：帕斯博格随后开车将一家人送到靠近高速公路的车道尽头，在那里等待急救人员的到来。A.entry进入；B.return返回；C.arrival到达；D.guide导游。根据“emergencyfirstresponders（急救人员）”可知，帕斯博格救出一家人后开车将他们送到高速公路的车道尽头是为了“等待”急救人员的到来。故选C项。【9题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：家人被帕斯博格所表现出的勇气和无私所感动。A.loyalty忠诚；B.courage勇气；C.generosity慷慨；D.humbleness谦逊。由第3题的分析可知，帕斯博格毫不犹豫地进入火海去救他人，看得出他很勇敢和无私。故选B项。【10题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：这位英雄愿意冒着生命危险拯救这个家庭，这对这个年轻的母亲和她的孩子来说是生死攸关的大事。A.risk冒险；B.sustain维持，支撑；C.adjust调整；D.save挽救。由上一题的分析可知，帕斯博格勇敢地进入火海救人，这是冒着生命危险的。故选A项。二、语法填空（共10小题；每小题1.5分，共15分）阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。请在答题卡指定区域作答。A阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。DimsumisoneofthemostpopularChinesedishes.It____11____(originate)inGuangzhoucitymorethanathousandyearsago.PeopleofGuangdongarefondofdrinkingteainthemorningorlunch.So,theyofteneatdimsumduringtheirteapartiesforbreakfastandlunch.ACantonesechef’sgoalis____12____(preserve)thefood’soriginalflavor.UnlikeotherChinesestylesofcookingsuchasSichuanstyle,wherethecookburiesthefoodinalotofspicesandoil,aCantonesechefaimstobringoutorhighlighttheoriginalflavorofthevegetable,

3meat,orfruit.Solittlespiceorsugarisused____13____(general).【答案】11.originated12.topreserve13.generally【解析】【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了点心的起源和制作过程。【11题详解】考查时态。句意：它起源于一千多年前的广州城。根据时间状语“morethanathousandyearsago”可知，句子的谓语动词使用一般过去时。故填originated。【12题详解】考查动词不定式。句意：粤菜厨师的目标是保持食物的原汁原味。此处为动词不定式作表语，说明主语的具体内容或表示目的。故填topreserve。【13题详解】考查副词。句意：通常使用很少的香料或糖。使用副词作状语修饰谓语“isused”。故填generally。B阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。KateElkinsisoneoftheEmergencyMedicalServices(EMS)and911____14____(specialist).Asanactiveparamedic,Elkinsalsorespondsto911callsandservesinanurbansearchandrescueteam.First-handexperiencehasshownher____15____importanthavingawell-stockedandmaintainedfirst-aidkitcanbe."Therearecertainthingsyouneedtohaveathandinthemoment.Inacrisis,you'renotgoingtohavetimetogotothestoretoget____16____youneed,"Elkinspointsout.【答案】14.specialists15.how16.whatever【解析】【导语】本文为一篇新闻报道。文章简介了紧急医疗服务和911专家之一凯特·埃尔金斯，以及她的经验之谈。【14题详解】考查名词复数。句意：凯特·埃尔金斯是紧急医疗服务和911专家之一。根据oneof后接名词复数，theEmergencyMedicalServices(EMS)and911为该名词的前置定语，设空处应填复数specialists，意为“专家们”。故填specialists。【15题详解】

4考查感叹句。句意：第一手的经验告诉她，拥有一个储备充足、维护良好的急救箱是多么重要。此处考查感叹句，因设空处后为形容词important，应用how引导感叹句。故填how。【16题详解】考查宾语从句。句意：在危机中，你不会有时间去商店买你需要的任何东西。设空处在动词get后，引导宾语从句，并在从句中作宾语，此处应用whatever，意为“任何……的事物”，表强调。故填whatever。C阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。Studieshaveshownvideogamersoftenhavehighlevelsofdopamine(多巴胺)inthebrain.Theprospectof____17____(gain)rewardsandprizescancausegamerstobecomeexcited,____18____causestheproductionofunnecessarydopamine.Justasanaddictiontoalcoholwillcausepeople____19____(consume)morealcohol,playerscangetaddictedtogaming.Gamingcancertainlybefunand____20____(relax)butexcessivegamingcanleadtoadolescentswithnearsightednessandhaveanegativeeffectonthesociallivesofchildren.【答案】17.gaining18.which19.tocomsune20.relaxing【解析】【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍电子游戏玩家的大脑中多巴胺含量往往很高，过度游戏会对儿童的社会生活产生负面影响。【17题详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：获得奖励和奖品的前景可能会使玩家变得兴奋，从而产生不必要的多巴胺。分析句子可知，介词of后应接动名词作宾语。故填gaining。【18题详解】考查定语从句。句意：获得奖励和奖品的前景可能会使玩家变得兴奋，从而产生不必要的多巴胺。分析句子可知，这里考查非限制性定语从句，关系词在从句中作主语，指代前面整个主句内容。故填which。【19题详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：正如对酒精上瘾会导致人们喝更多的酒一样，玩家也会对游戏上瘾。分析句子可知，这里考查causesbtodosth表“使某人做某事”，为固定搭配。故填tocomsune。【20题详解】考查形容词。句意：游戏当然是有趣和放松的，但过度的游戏会导致青少年近视，并对儿童的社会生活产生负面影响。分析句子可知，此空应填形容词和前面fun并列作表语，修饰Gaming应用relaxing，表“令人放松的”。故填relaxing。

5三、阅读理解（共三节，40分）第一节（共9小题；每小题2分，共18分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。AWelcometoourfull-daysightseeingtourintheRockyMountains,whichboastsomeofCanada’smostspectacularscenery.Duringthetour,youcanenjoyround-triptravelfromBanffandreachremoteattractionincludingLakeMinnewankaandLakeLouiseincomfort,stopatpicturesquespotsincludingfallsandlakes,andenjoypersonalattentionfromyourguideonthissmall-grouptour-limitedto15people.What’sIncludedDriver/tourguidePickupanddrop-offBottledwaterFoodTipsarenotrequired.DepartureTime9:00AMPickupTimePleasearrive10minutesbeforeyourselectedstarttimeforpickup.PleaseNoteWepickupatallTownofBanff-hotels,hostelsandevencampgrounds!IftravellingfromoutsideBanff,pleaseconfirmpickuplocationwiththetouroperator.PleasenotewedonotpickupinLakeLouise.WhattoExpect◊LakeMinnewankaThisisthelargestlakeintheparkandactuallyusedtobehometoasmallsummervillage.TodaythevillageliesbeneaththepurebluewatersofLakeMinnewanka.ThisstopprovidessomeinterestinghistoryofhowthingshavechangedinBanffNationalParkovertheyears.2hours·TicketFree◊LakeLouiseFirstopenedin1911,theworldfamousLakeLouisehasbeenbringinggueststoexperiencetheclearbluewatersformanyyears.Thisstopwilloffertheopportunitytoexplorethehistorichotel.

63hours·TicketIncludedCancellationPolicy◊Forafullrefund,youmustcancelatleast24hoursbeforetheexperience’sstarttime.◊Anychangesmadelessthan24hoursbeforetheexperience’sstarttimewillnotbeaccepted.◊Thisexperiencerequiresgoodweather.Ifit’scanceledinadvanceduetopoorweather,you’llbeofferedadifferentdateorgetthefeeyou’vepaid.◊Thisexperiencerequiresaminimumnumberoftravelers.Ifit’scanceledyou’llbeofferedadifferentdateorafullrefund.Readmoreaboutthetourathttps://www.viater.com/.21.Toenjoythisfulldaytour,youneedto______.A.takefoodbyyourselfB.preparetipsfortheguideC.arriveat9:00amforpickupD.waitforpickupinLakeLouise22.Whatwillyouexperienceinthistour?A.Payavisittothesummervillage.B.LearnthehistoryofBanffNationalPark.C.LiveinthehistorichotelbyLakeLouise.D.SwiminpurebluewatersofLakeMinnewanka.23.Onecangetfullrefundif______.A.thetourisarrangedtoanotherdayB.he/shechangestheroutebeforethetourC.thetravelersfailtoreachacertainnumberD.he/sheexperiencesbadweatherduringthetrip【答案】21.C22.B23.C【解析】【导语】这是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了落基山脉的全日观光游并提供了详细的旅游指南信息。【21题详解】细节理解题。根据DepartureTime(离开时间)部分的“9:00AM”（上午九点）可知，要享受这个全日游，游客需要上午9点钟到达接送点。故选C项。【22题详解】细节理解题。根据LakeMinnewanka部分的“ThisstopprovidessomeinterestinghistoryofhowthingshavechangedinBanffNationalParkovertheyears.”（这里提供了这些年来有关于班夫国家公园变化的有趣历史。）可知，在这次旅行中你可以了解班夫国家公园的历史。故选B项。【23题详解】细节理解题。根据CancellationPolicy部分的“Thisexperiencerequiresaminimumnumberoftravelers.Ifit’s

7canceledyou’llbeofferedadifferentdateorafullrefund.”（这种体验需要旅行者达到最低人数标准。如果它被取消了，你可以改日继续体验或得到全额退款。）可知，旅行者未能达到一定数量，可得到全额退款。故选C项。BIfyouneedaninspiringtalkfromakindergartner,there'sahotlineforthat.Thisfreehotlineiscalled"Joy4allHotline".Ifyoucallthephonenumber,you'llhearrecordingsofkidssharingwordsofencouragement.TheJoy4allHotlineisaschoolprojectcreatedatanelementaryschoolinCalifornia.It'srunbyanartteacherMaggieClancy.Clancystartedthehotlinebecauseshewasconcernedaboutthestressfulthingsthatherstudentshadgonethrough.Sheaimstobringsomejoybackintothelivesofherstudents,whorangeinagefrom5to12.Tocreatethehotline,Clancyrecordedherstudents.Sheinstructedthekidstosaysomethingthathadhelpedthemduringadifficulttime.Thehotlineprojectalsoincludedthecreationofposters.Thesepostersdisplayedmotivationalphrasesandwereplacedaroundtown.Theideaistospreadjoyinthecommunity.Whencallersdial707-968-8510,theyaregreetedbyClancy'sdaughter.The11-year-oldwelcomesthemwiththefollowingmenu:“Ifyou'refeelingmad,frustratedornervous,press1.Ifyouneedwordsofencouragementandlifeadvice,press2.Ifyouneedaninspiringtalkfromkindergartners,press3.Ifyouneedtohearkidslaughingwithdelight,press4,andforencouragementisSpanish,press5.”Whentheprojectfirststarted,Clancyhopedthehotlinewouldreceive100callsanhour.Butwithintwodaysthehotlinewasgettingover500callsanhour.Now,itispeoplewithconqueringanxietyandgivepeoplehopethatwillbegoodstuffhappeningmoreintheworld.Theproject'ssuccessproveshowmuchtheworldcurrentlyneedsthiskindofpositivemessaging.“Ithinkpeoplearejustlookingforwaystofeelconnected,”Clancysaid.“Ithinkthishotlinedoesthatinaverypure,sweetway.”24.WhydidClancystartthehotline?ATospreadjoyfulnewsreports.B.TosupporthomeschoolingCTointroduceencouragingpostersD.Toliftherstudents'spiritsup25.Throughthishotline,callerscan______.A.getClancy'slifeadviceB.talkwithClancy'sdaughterC.listentothesoundofkids'laughterD.heartherecordingsofinspiringsongs26.WhatcanwelearnaboutJoy4allHotline?

8A.Itenjoysanincreasingpopularity.B.Itarousespeople'sconcernforkidsC.Itprovestheimportanceofhappiness.D.Itchangespeople'sopinionsonhotlines.【答案】24.D25.C26.A【解析】【导语】这是一篇新闻报道。文章主要讲述了加利福尼亚一所小学的艺术老师克兰西开通了热线电话来帮助学生减压，现在它越来越受到人们的欢迎。【24题详解】推理判断题。根据第二段的“Clancystartedthehotlinebecauseshewasconcernedaboutthestressfulthingsthatherstudentshadgonethrough.Sheaimstobringsomejoybackintothelivesofherstudents,whorangeinagefrom5to12.（克兰西开通热线电话是因为她担心她的学生经历的那些带来很大压力的事情。她的目标是为5至12岁的学生的生活带来一些快乐。）”可知，克兰西开通热线电话是为了给学生减压，使他们面对困难时能够振奋自己的精神状态。故选D项。【25题详解】细节理解题。根据倒数第三段的“Ifyouneedtohearkidslaughingwithdelight,press4.（如果你需要听到孩子们开心的笑声，请按4。）”可知，通过该热线，来电者可以聆听孩子们的笑声。故选C项。【26题详解】推理判断题。根据倒数第二段的“Whentheprojectfirststarted,Clancyhopedthehotlinewouldreceive100callsanhour.Butwithintwodaysthehotlinewasgettingover500callsanhour.（项目刚开始时，克兰西希望热线每小时能接到100个电话。但在两天内，这条热线每小时接到超过500个电话。）”可知，该热线越来越受人欢迎。故选A项。CTowardtheendofmysenioryearinEngland,IwatchedmypeerslineupinfrontoftheCareerServicesbuilding.Waitingfortheirinterviewsforjobs,allseemedtobedressedthesame—themenwearingnavyjackets,thewomendarkdresses.Ithoughtbacktomyfirstdayoncampusfouryearsearlierwhenweallworedifferentcolorsanddreamedofdifferentfutures.Itwasasifouryearsofstudy,insteadofenhancingourindividualitiesandimaginations,hadreducedthemtosameness.Itwasnotauniquescene.Allovertheworld,educationsuppliestheeconomywithworkerswhowillincreaseproductivity.Butthisnowthreatensourverysurvival.Iftheentireworldreachesthelevelsofconsumptionseeninhigh-incomecountriestoday,we’llneedmultipleplanetEarthstosupplytheresources.Thesustainabledevelopmentgoalscallforturningeducationintoaforceforsustainability,buttheoppositeisoftentrue:thewayswethinkabouteducationundermineourabilitytodealwiththeenvironmentalcrisis.Asan

9educationresearcher,Iseemanychildrengoingthroughrotelearning—Indianpupilsrepeatingthesentenceswrittenbytheirteacherontheblackboard,aSouthAfricanchildyelledatbytheteacherforfailingtorecitethetext.Rotelearninganddiscouragingindividualityinchildrenarestillattherootofwhatitmeanstobeeducatedacrossmuchoftheworld.Ontheotherhand,ourfocusontechnologicalsolutionstotheenvironmentalcrisisisdrivingourapproachtoeducation.MorestudentsatBritishuniversitiesarestudyingscience,technology,engineeringandmathematics(STEM)thaneverbefore,includinga400percentincreaseinenrollmentinAIcoursesoverthelast10years.ComparedtoSTEM,socialsciencesandhumanitiesareoftenunderfundedandseenaslessimportant.Butthisapproachiscounterproductivebecausenon-STEMsubjectsarecrucialtodevelopourabilitytoreimaginetheworld.WeevenputourhopeinsolvingtheenvironmentalcrisisonAI.Wemakegooduseofenergynetworks,tracklandusethroughsatelliteimageryandpredictextremeweather.ButAI,likeourothertechnologies,canonlytreatthesymptoms(症状)oftheenvironmentalcrisis,notthecauses.Theselieinlackofsensitivitytoourimpactontheplanet.UnlikeAI,childrenarenaturallyimaginative.Nurturingimaginationmeansseeinginspirationinchildren’simaginations.Inaneducationsystemthatcelebratesimagination,artsandcreativityareasimportantasmathandscience.Theenvironmentalcrisisisnotacrisisoftechnologyorscience,itisacrisisofimagination.Ifweletchildrenbeourguides,wemightjustbeabletoimagineourwaytosurvival.27.Whatismainlytalkedaboutinthefirstthreeparagraphs?A.Thenewresolutionofsurvivalproblems.B.Thenegativeeffectofpresenteducation.C.Theadverseimpactofoverconsumption.D.Theconstantthreattoeconomicproductivity.28.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“undermine”inParagraph3probablymean?A.Change.B.Resist.C.Recall.D.Weaken.29.Theauthormayagreethat______.A.theapplicationofAIneedstobelimitedB.emphasisshouldbelaidonsocialsciencesC.creativityisdominatedbychildren’ssciencesD.technologyisthecurefortheenvironmentalcrisis【答案】27.B28.D29.C【解析】【导语】这是一篇议论文。文章主要讲述了当前教育削弱了学生的想象力和创造力以及对于社会科学和人文学科的不重视所带来的负面影响，进而提出要重视培养学生的想象力和创造力。【27题详解】

10主旨大意题。根据第一段的“Itwasasifouryearsofstudy,insteadofenhancingourindividualitiesandimaginations,hadreducedthemtosameness.”（就好像我们多年的学习并没有增强我们的个性和想象力，而是将它们简化为一模一样。）和第二段的“Allovertheworld,educationsuppliestheeconomywithworkerswhowillincreaseproductivity.Butthisnowthreatensourverysurvival.”（在世界各地，教育为经济提供了可以提高生产力的工人。但这现在威胁到我们的生存。）以及第三段的“Thesustainabledevelopmentgoalscallforturningeducationintoaforceforsustainability,buttheoppositeisoftentrue:thewayswethinkabouteducationundermineourabilitytodealwiththeenvironmentalcrisis.”（可持续发展目标要求将教育转变为可持续发展的力量，但事实往往恰恰相反：我们对教育的看法削弱了我们应对环境危机的能力。）可知，前三段讲了当前教育削弱了学生的想象力、威胁到了人类的生存和削弱了人类应对环境危机的能力，即前三段主要讲述了当前教育带来的负面影响。故选B项。【28题详解】词句猜测题。由上一题的分析可知，教育虽然为提高生产力起到了积极的作用，但是却威胁到了人们的生存，因此才会有可持续发展目标的提出。再根据第三段的“Thesustainabledevelopmentgoalscallforturningeducationintoaforceforsustainability,buttheoppositeisoftentrue:thewayswethinkabouteducationundermineourabilitytodealwiththeenvironmentalcrisis.”（可持续发展目标要求将教育转变为可持续发展的力量，但事实往往恰恰相反：我们对教育的看法undermine我们应对环境危机的能力。）可知，现实是教育没能为可持续发展提供力量，却是相反的作用，即教育削弱了人类应对环境危机的能力，因此weaken可以解释划线词。故选D项。【29题详解】推理判断题。根据最后一段的“UnlikeAI,childrenarenaturallyimaginative.Nurturingimaginationmeansseeinginspirationinchildren'simaginations.Inaneducationsystemthatcelebratesimagination,artsandcreativityareasimportantasmathandscience.Theenvironmentalcrisisisnotacrisisoftechnologyorscience,itisacrisisofimagination.Ifweletchildrenbeourguides,wemightjustbeabletoimagineourwaytosurvival.”（与人工智能不同，孩子们天生具有想象力。培养想象力意味着从孩子的想象力中看到灵感。在一个崇尚想象力的教育体系中，艺术和创造力与数学和科学一样重要。环境危机不是技术或科学的危机，而是想象力的危机。如果我们让孩子成为我们的向导，我们也许可以想象到我们的生存之道。）可知，作者赞同创造力源于儿童，儿童的创造力也许会带来解决危机的办法，即创造力被儿童科学所主导。故选C项。第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，共10分）根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。

11Peopleconnecttotheirculturalorethnicgroupthroughsimilarfoodpatterns.Peoplefromdifferentculturalbackgroundseatdifferentfoods.____30____Thesefoodpreferencesresultinpatternsoffoodchoiceswithinaculturalorregionalgroup.Regionalfoodhabitsdoexist,buttheyalsochangeovertime.____31____Theymayusetheiroldrecipeswithnewingredients,orexperimentwithnewrecipestomatchtheirowntastes.Becausepeopleandfoodaremobile,attemptstocharacterizeacountryorpeoplebywhattheyeatareofteninaccurate.Inadditiontoimpactingfoodchoices,culturealsoplaysaroleinfood-relatedetiquette(礼节).Forexample,theamountpeopleeatandleaveuneatenvariesfromculturetoculture.SomepeoplefromMiddleEasternandSoutheastAsiancountriesmightleavealittlebitoffoodontheirplatesinordertoindicatethattheirhungerhasbeensatisfied.____32____Similarly,acleanplatemightsignifyeithersatisfactionwiththemealordesireformorefood.____33____Manyfamiliesbelievethatmealtimeisagoodtimetocommunicateandto“catchup”onthelivesoffamilyandfriends.Amongotherfamilies,talkingduringamealisacceptable,butthetopicsarelimited.InsomeSoutheastAsiancountries,itisconsideredpolitetokeepsilentduringameal.Evenamongpeoplewhosharesimilarculturalbackgrounds,eatingpatternsarenotidentical.Further,meneatdifferentlyfromwomen.____34____However,inmostpartsoftheworld,foodisassociatedwithexpressionoffriendship.Therefore,sensitivitytofoodcustomsisimportantincross-culturalcommunication.A.Peopleofdifferentagegroupseatdifferently.B.Aspeopleimmigrate;foodpreferencesareexported.C.Fooditemsthemselveshavemeaningattachedtothem.D.Theareasinwhichfamiliesliveinfluencefoodlikesanddislikes.E.Oneofthereasonsisthatfooditselfisbroughttoothercountries.F.Besides,theroleofconversationduringmealtimevariesfromplacetoplace.G.However,cooksfromotherlocationsmightbedispleasediffoodisleftontheplate.【答案】30.D31.B32.G33.F34.A【解析】【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了在不同的文化中饮食模式不同的原因。【30题详解】根据“Peoplefromdifferentculturalbackgroundseatdifferentfoods.(不同文化背景的人吃不同的食物)”以及“Thesefoodpreferencesresultinpatternsoffoodchoiceswithinaculturalorregionalgroup.(这些食物偏好导致了文化或区域群体内的食物选择模式)

12”可知，不同文化背景的人吃不同的食物，而家庭所居住的局域也会对食物的偏好有所影响。由此可知，D项“家庭居住的地区影响食物的好恶”符合语境，和前一句话共同解释了造成饮食偏好的原因。故选D。【31题详解】根据“Theymayusetheiroldrecipeswithnewingredients,orexperimentwithnewrecipestomatchtheirowntastes.Becausepeopleandfoodaremobile,attemptstocharacterizeacountryorpeoplebywhattheyeatareofteninaccurate.(他们可能会用他们的老食谱搭配新的配料，或者尝试新的食谱来满足自己的口味。因为人和食物是流动的，所以试图通过吃什么来描述一个国家或一个人往往是不准确的)”可知，因为人口和食物都是流动的，所以人们吃的食物也会因为人口和食物的流动而改变。由此可知，B项“随着人们的移民，食物偏好被输出”符合语境。B项中的immigrate和下文中“peopleandfoodaremobile”相呼应。故选B。【32题详解】根据“Inadditiontoimpactingfoodchoices,culturealsoplaysaroleinfood-relatedetiquette(礼节).(除了影响食物选择外，文化也在与食物相关的礼仪中发挥作用)”以及“SomepeoplefromMiddleEasternandSoutheastAsiancountriesmightleavealittlebitoffoodontheirplatesinordertoindicatethattheirhungerhasbeensatisfied.(一些来自中东和东南亚国家的人可能会在盘子里留下一点食物，以表明他们的饥饿得到了满足)”可知，文化的不同也在与食物相关的礼仪中发挥作用，而且文中举了几个不同的饮食习俗。由此可知，G项“然而，如果食物留在盘子里，其他地方的厨师可能会不高兴”符合语境。G项中的however和前文形成转折关系，而且也是在举例说明不同的饮食习俗。故选G。【33题详解】根据“Manyfamiliesbelievethatmealtimeisagoodtimetocommunicateandto“catchup”onthelivesoffamilyandfriends.(许多家庭认为，进餐时间是沟通和“赶上”家人和朋友生活的好时机)”可知，本段主要讲述进餐时间是和家人沟通的好时机。由此可知，F项“此外，在进餐时间交谈的作用因地而异”符合语境。F项中的conversation和下文中的communicate相呼应。故选F。【34题详解】根据“Evenamongpeoplewhosharesimilarculturalbackgrounds,eatingpatternsarenotidentical.Further,meneatdifferentlyfromwomen.(即使在文化背景相似的人群中，饮食模式也不尽相同。此外，男性的饮食与女性不同)”可知，本段主要讲述即使在文化相同的人群中，饮食习惯也会不同。由此可知，A项“不同年龄段的人吃得不同”符合语境。和前一句话共同构成了“即使在文化相同的人群中，饮食习惯也会不同”的两个方面。故选A。阅读下面短文并回答问题。请将答案书写在答题卡相应位置。阅读下面短文，根据题目要求回答问题。

13Doyouthinkyou’reagoodlistener?Chancesareyoudo.Butstudiesshowthatmostpeopleseriouslyoverestimatetheirabilitytolisten.Thetruthiswearegenerallynotgoodatlistening,andourlisteningcomprehensiondeclinesasweage.Whyaren’twegoodatlistening?Onereasonconcernsthespeedatwhichwethink.Theadultbraincanprocessuptoaround400wordsperminute.Thismeansduringaconversationanaveragepersonthinksmorethanthreetimesfasterthanhespeaks.Therefore,wecaneasilythinkaboutsomethingelsewhilesomeoneistalkingtous,allowingourmindtowanderorgetsidetracked.Thinkingabouthowyouwillreplywhilesomeoneisstilltalkingisoneofthemostcommonbarrierstoeffectivelistening.Anotherfactorthatcontributestoourpoorlisteningisourever-decreasingattentionspan(持续时间).AccordingtostudyconductedbyMicrosoft,in2000—aroundthetimethemobilerevolutionbegan—theaveragehumanattentionspanwas12seconds;by2013,ithadfallento8seconds!Ourmobiledevicesprovideconstantdistractions,whichcanbeverydestructivetolistening.Testresultshaveshownthatbeinginterruptedbyacellphonelowerslisteningcomprehensionby20percent.Interruptionsanddistractionscancauseadramaticdeclineinlisteningability—buttheydon’thaveto.Moreandmorepeoplenowrealizethatlisteningisaskillthatcanbedevelopedthroughpractice.Learningtoobserveaspeaker’sbodylanguageandemotions,forexample,canimproveouractivelistening.Eventhesimpleactofnote-takingormakingeyecontactcanhelpusstayfocusedwhilelistening.Therewardsofeffectivelisteningaremany.Researchsuggeststhatpeoplewhoaregoodlistenersmakebetterleaders.Andarecentstudyindicatesthatemployeeswhodon’tbelievetheirbossesarelisteningtothemarelesslikelytoofferhelpfulsuggestionsandnewideas.AsDr.RalphNicholsoncesaid,“Themostbasicofallhumanneedsistheneedtounderstandandbeunderstood.Thebestwaytounderstandpeopleistolistentothem.”35.AccordingtoParagraph2,whyisiteasyforustogetdistractedduringaconversation?36.Whathascausedthedecreaseofourattentionspan?37.Pleasedecidewhichpartisfalseinthefollowingstatement,thenunderlineitandexplainwhy.Thedeclineoflisteningabilitycausedbydistractionsissharp,anditishardtobeprevented.38.Pleaseintroducetherewardsthateffectivelisteningbringstoyou.【答案】35Becauseduringaconversationanaveragepersonthinksmorethanthreetimesfasterthanhespeaksandhemaythinkabouthowtoreply.36Ourmobiledevices37.Thedeclineoflisteningabilitycausedbydistractionsissharp,anditishardtobeprevented.

14BecauseMoreandmorepeoplenowrealizethatlisteningisaskillthatcanbedevelopedthroughpractice.38.参考答案:Firstofall,goodlistenersmakebetterleaders.Secondly,listeningmoreallowsustounderstandothers’views,taketheirstrengthsandunderstandtheirlogicalthinking.Inaddition,beingalistenerisgoodforustodealwithindividualproblemsandimproveourpersonalqualities!【解析】【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述我们通常不擅长倾听，随着年龄的增长，我们的倾听理解能力会下降，并分析我们不擅长倾听的原因。【35题详解】考查细节理解。由文章第二段“Onereasonconcernsthespeedatwhichwethink.Theadultbraincanprocessuptoaround400wordsperminute.Thismeansduringaconversationanaveragepersonthinksmorethanthreetimesfasterthanhespeaks.Therefore,wecaneasilythinkaboutsomethingelsewhilesomeoneistalkingtous,allowingourmindtowanderorgetsidetracked.(一个原因与我们思考的速度有关。成年人的大脑每分钟可以处理大约400个单词。这意味着在谈话中，一个普通人的思考速度是他说话速度的三倍以上。因此，当有人和我们说话时，我们可以很容易地想到其他事情，让我们的思想四处游荡或偏离方向。)”和“Thinkingabouthowyouwillreplywhilesomeoneisstilltalkingisoneofthemostcommonbarrierstoeffectivelistening.(当别人还在说话时思考你会如何回答是有效倾听最常见的障碍之一。)”可知，是因为我们思考的速度比我们说话的速度快很多和思考你会如何回答，导致我们会分心。故答案为Becauseduringaconversationanaveragepersonthinksmorethanthreetimesfasterthanhespeaksandhemaythinkabouthowtoreply.【36题详解】考查细节理解。由文章第三段“AccordingtostudyconductedbyMicrosoft,in2000—aroundthetimethemobilerevolutionbegan—theaveragehumanattentionspanwas12seconds;by2013,ithadfallento8seconds!Ourmobiledevicesprovideconstantdistractions,whichcanbeverydestructivetolistening.(根据微软的研究，2000年移动革命开始前后，人类的平均注意力跨度为12秒；到2013年，它已经下降到8秒！我们的移动设备会不断分散注意力，这会对听力造成很大破坏。)”可知，我们的移动设备会让我们降低注意力时长。故答案为Ourmobiledevices.【37题详解】考查推理判断。由文章倒数第二段“Interruptionsanddistractionscancauseadramaticdeclineinlisteningability—buttheydon'thaveto.Moreandmorepeoplenowrealizethatlisteningisaskillthatcanbedevelopedthroughpractice.Learningtoobserveaspeaker’sbodylanguageandemotions,forexample,canimproveour

15activelistening.Eventhesimpleactofnote-takingormakingeyecontactcanhelpusstayfocusedwhilelistening.(干扰和分心可能会导致听力能力急剧下降，但并非必须如此。越来越多的人现在意识到倾听是一种可以通过练习来改善的技能。例如，学习观察说话者的肢体语言和情绪可以提高我们的积极听力。即使是简单的记笔记或眼神交流也能帮助我们在听的时候保持专注。)”可知，听力能力下降是可以防范的，我们可以练习来改善听力技能。因此原句中的“itishardtobeprevented.”是错误的，故答案为Thedeclineoflisteningabilitycausedbydistractionsissharp,anditishardtobeprevented.BecauseMoreandmorepeoplenowrealizethatlisteningisaskillthatcanbedevelopedthroughpractice.【38题详解】开放题。根据最后一段“Therewardsofeffectivelisteningaremany.Researchsuggeststhatpeoplewhoaregoodlistenersmakebetterleaders.(有效倾听的回报是多方面的。研究表明，善于倾听的人会成为更好的领导者。)”,同时开放性题目考生言之有理即可。参考答案为：Firstofall,goodlistenersmakebetterleaders.Secondly,listeningmoreallowsustounderstandothers’views,taketheirstrengthsandunderstandtheirlogicalthinking.Inaddition,beingalistenerisgoodforustodealwithindividualproblemsandimproveourpersonalqualities!四、翻译句子（共5小题；每小题2分，共10分）请使用括号中所给的单词或词组的适当形式将下面的句子翻译成英文，并将答案书写在答题卡相应的位置。39.此活动的目的是表达友善。（convey）(汉译英)【答案】Thepurposeofthisactivityistoconveyfriendliness.【解析】【详解】考查动词。此活动的目的可以翻译为“thepurposeofthisactivity”，在句中作主语；表达用动词“convey”，友善用名词“friendliness”。本句话为主系表结构，时态为一般现在时态，动词不定式作表语，表示目的。故翻译为Thepurposeofthisactivityistoconveyfriendliness.40.有必要下定决心去实现你的梦想。（makeupone’smind）(汉译英)【答案】Itisnecessarytomakeupyourmindtorealizeyourdream.【解析】【详解】考查短语、时态和非谓语动词。itisnecessarytodosth.做某事是有必要的，句中it作形式主语，真正的主语为不定式。makeupone’smindtodosth.下定决心做某事；realizeone’sdream实现某人的梦想。陈述客观事实，用一般现在时。根据句意，故翻译为Itisnecessarytomakeupyourmindtorealizeyourdream.41.不管有任何困难，我们都要完成这项任务。（regardlessof）(汉译英)

16【答案】Regardlessofanydifficulty,wemustcompletethetask.【解析】【详解】考查固定短语和情态动词。“不管”使用固定短语regardlessof，“任何”使用any，“困难”使用名词difficulty，“都要”使用情态动词must，后接动词原形，“完成”使用动词complete，“任务”使用名词task，故翻译为：Regardlessofanydifficulty,wemustcompletethetask.。42.看到有人窒息，Kathy保持冷静并迅速作出了反应。（choke）(汉译英)【答案】Seeingsomeonechoking,Kathyremainedcalmandrespondedquickly.【解析】【详解】考查现在分词作状语、系表结构和一般过去时。“看到有人在做某事”可以使用“seesomeonedoing”的结构，则“看到有人窒息”翻译为：seesomeonechoking，将该部分作为状语来使用，句子主语Kathy与see之间为主动关系，因此使用现在分词作状语；“保持冷静”使用系表结构可以翻译为：remaincalm；“迅速作出了反应”翻译为respondquickly；该句子描述的事情发生在过去，句子的谓语动词remain和respond使用一般过去时。故“看到有人窒息，Kathy保持冷静并迅速作出了反应。”翻译为：Seeingsomeonechoking,Kathyremainedcalmandrespondedquickly.43.Tom跟我说他代表学校做了一个关于全球气候变暖的演讲。（onbehalfof）(汉译英)【答案】Tomtoldmethathehadmadeaspeechonglobalwarmingonbehalfoftheschool.【解析】【详解】考查时态和宾语从句。根据句意可知，本句话应用一般过去时，表示“Tom跟我说”应用短语Tomtoldmethat+宾语从句，宾语从句结构完整，不缺任何意义，用that引导；“做演讲（makeaspeech）”发生在“告诉”之前，用过去完成时，表示“他做了一个关于全球气候变暖的演讲”应用句子hehadmadeaspeechonglobalwarming，在本句中作宾语从句；表示“代表学校”应用介词短语onbehalfoftheschool。故翻译为Tomtoldmethathehadmadeaspeechonglobalwarmingonbehalfoftheschool。五、书面表达（20分）44.假设你是红星中学高二学生李华。你的美国笔友Jim明年将参加美国大学入学考试，发来邮件说感觉压力大。请你给他回复邮件，内容包括：1.如何缓解压力；2.暑期生活建议。注意：1.词数100字左右；2.开头已给出，不计入总词数。DearJim,

17____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Yours,LiHua【答案】DearJim,IamsorrytohearthatyoufeelextremelystressedbeforetheAmericancollegeentranceexam.I’dliketogiveyousomesuggestions.First,pleasekeepanoptimisticattitude.Asweknow,attitudeiseverything.Toomuchpressurewillhaveabadeffectonyourhealth.Besides,themoreworriedyoubecome,themoredifficultitisforyoutoconcentrateonyourstudy.Second,youshouldalsomakeaproperplanandkeeptoit.Andturntoyourteachersforhelpifnecessary.Whenfeelingtired,youcandosomesportsorlistentomusictorelaxyourself.Ihopemysuggestionscanhelpyoureducethepressureofexamandperformwellinit.Yours,LiHua【解析】【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文，要求考生给美国笔友Jim回复邮件，给他提供一些建议以应对大学入学考试前的压力。【详解】1.词汇积累建议：suggestion→tip/advice此外：besides→what’smore/inaddition帮助：help→assist影响：effect→influence2.句式拓展简单句变复合句原句：I’dliketogiveyousomesuggestions.拓展句：I’dliketogiveyousomesuggestions,whichmaybehelpfultoyou.【点睛】[高分句型1]Asweknow,attitudeiseverything.（运用了as引导的非限制性定语从句）[高分句型2]Whenfeelingtired,youcandosomesportsorlistentomusictorelaxyourself.（运用了when

18引导的时间状语从句的省略）

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