专四语法专讲

《专四语法专讲》由会员上传分享，免费在线阅读，更多相关内容在教育资源-天天文库。

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1A/,theBa,/C/,aDthe,/YᑖAஹᱥஹஹஹᢣTஹᶧஹᐵஹ஺such01ᐵ஺1.suchsuch0ᵨ.⊤.⊡*᝞suchḄ#i⌕ᵫIhatᡈasḄᑖᩭ⊤Tsuch0ᵨஹ⊤ஹ⊡l)suchthat+ᑖ1.Hiskindnesswassuchthatwewillneverforgethim.2)suchas+to2.Thesituationissuchastodemandyourimmediateattention.⚪3..Thebrillianceofhissatireswasmakeevenhisvictimslaugh.(1996.51)A.soastoB.suchastoC.sothatD.suchthat⚪4.Hisstrongsenseofhumourwasmakeeveryoneintheroomburstoutlaughing.(1998.50)AosoastoB.suchastoC.sothatDsuchthat⚪5.Thattrumpetplayerwascertainlyloud.ButIwasn'tbotheredbyhisloudness___byhislackoftalent.A.somuchasB.ratherthanC.asD.than(2004-41)“not…somuchas"(ᐸD$,᎔᝞D$)஺3)suchas+ᑖ6.Thecaseisnotsuchascanbeeasilysettled.2ᐵ(Ihat,who,whom,whose,which,as,but,than,where)ᐵḄᑖ▲ᑴឋ▲ᑴឋ¡Ḅ⌕¢%$▲ᑴឋ$]ᡈ]£¤¥Ḅ#¦ᡂ¨ᑖ©ᣵ«{⌼ᡂᡈ®¯°▲ᑴឋᢣ±ᐜ³Ḅ´⊡ᐙD®Ḅᵨ¶°$ᐵ·ឋḄ஺᝞¸ḕᶍ«»¼ᯠ$¾᦮Ḅ஺*᝞Iwanttobuythehousewhichhasagarden.(▲ᑴឋ)Iwanttobuyahouse,whichhasagarden.(▲ᑴឋ)▲ᑴឋᐜ³À#i⌕ᵨ⌹Â◞ÄᙠÅx⌕ᶍÆÇÈ஺1)whichwhichᵨᩭᢣᱥᢣA஺0▲ᑴឋ▲ᑴឋ஺Éthat▲ᑴឋ.ÊwhichḄᐜ³ᨵ0$#Ëஹ°$#஺*᝞ShemarriedJoe,which(=andthis/that)surprisedeveryone.Heisfondofmusic,which(=andthis/that)Fmgladtohear⚪Thephysicisthasmadeadiscovery,___ofgreatimportancetotheprogressofscienceandtechnology.A.IthinkwhichisB.thatIthinkisC,whichIthinkisDwhichIthinkitisIhaveneverbeentoLondon,butthatisthecityA.whereIliketovisitmostB.TdmostliketovisitC.whichIliketovisitmostly

2D.whereI'dlikemosttovisitWe*vejustinstalledtwoair-conditionersinourapartment,___shouldmakegreatdifferencesinourlifenextsummer.A.whichB.whatC.thatD.They2)that,who,whom,whosethatᵨZᢣAᡈᱥnÌᵨZ▲ᑴឋ஺ᐜ³$(all,much,few,little,some,any,none,anything,something,nothing,everything),ᐵÍᵨwhich,ÌÍᵨthat,Îthatxḕᶍ஺ᐜ³Ï2ᨬc8ᡈfirst,last,only,very,no7Ð⛲ᵨthat,ᵨwhich/who/whom.e.g.Nosample(that)wehavereceivedissatisfactory.Thisistheverybook(that)youarelookingfor.ᨵᡈ0Oᐜ³ÒᢣAᡈᱥᐵᵨthatAvictimisaperson,animal,orthingthatsufferspain,death,destruction,etc.⚪Firmsthatusecomputershavefoundthatthenumberofstaffisneededforqualitycontrolcanbesubstantiallyreduced.AwhoseBasCwhatDthatWho,whomᵨZᢣA^ὅÔὅ஺Îᐜ³$anyone,anybody,everyone,everybody,someone,somebody,ᐵÕᵨwhomᡈwho,ᵨthat.TellmesomethingaboutthemanforwhomIshallbeworking,IsthereanyoneherewhocanspeakEnglish?Whose+]ᙠxÖᡈwhose×ᢣAØᢣᱥPeoplewhosedogshitotherpeopleshouldkeepthemtiedup.3)Where/whenWhere,ÎZÙin,at+whichWhenÎZÙon,during+whichThisistheuniversitywherehestudied20yearsago.Doyoustillrememberthedaywhenhearrived?É1)ᐜ³⊤T“ÚÛ”Ḅ],(᝞case,conditions,situation,instance),ᵨwhere஺Therearesomecaseswherethisruledoesnotholdgood.Therearemanyinstanceswhereheiscool-headed.2)howÍ஺Thisisthewayhowhebehaves.XThisisthewayhebehaves.Thisishowhebehaves.⚪Thiscompanyhasnowintroducedapolicy,___payrisesarerelatedtoperformanceatwork,(1996.44)A.whichB.whereC.whetherD.whatHaveyoueverbeeninasituation_youknowtheotherpersonisrightyetyoucannotagreewithhim?A.bywhichBthatC.inwhereD.where4)as

3asᙠ▲ᑴឋx×ᢣAØᢣᱥthesame,such,so,as9ᵨ஺YouarestillthesamepersonasIknewtenyearsago.Suchbuildingsasyouseeinthedistrictarerarenow.Wewitnessedsoexcitingasightaswehadneverdreamedof.Asmanypeopleasarepresenthavevotedforthecandidate.asᙠ▲ᑴឋx×ᐙÎÝᐙÎXÞᡈz⊤Ḅᐜ³ᡈË஺᝞Thetwocountriesweresatisfiedwiththissolution,aswasagreedbeforehand.Juliawassad,ascouldbejudgedfromhertearfuleyes.Theworld,asweknow,ismadeupofsmallparticlescalledatoms.⚪Mr.Smithisateacher,isclearfromhismanner.A.asitB.asC.thatDit⚪Things,___isoftenthecase,willturnouttobecontrarytoone1swishes.A.asB.whichC.thatD.itAs,whichᙠ▲ᑴឋḄ¢%1)asḄeßᮣáeZ^☢ஹxஹᡈÔ☢whichḄÌÍâᙠÀÔ஺2)as×ᢣ^☢QᑮḄÚÛÝᢣÔ☢ã⌕QᑮḄÚÛwhichÌÍᢣ^☢QᑮḄÚÛ஺3)äåᵨ
xÕᵨasaswe/youknow;asoftenhappens;asmaybeimagined;asiswellknown;asisoftenthecase;asisusualwithsb.;asisthecustomwith;asisnatural;asisreported;asisshownin;asishoped;asissupposed;asisanticipated;ashasbeensaidbefore;ashasbeenpointedbefore4)Ïæ᝱xḄbeæasḄḕwhichFootballandbasketball,as(ᵨwhich)playedintheU.S.today,arebasicallymodificationsofgamesthatoriginatedinEngland.5)Butᐵ.ᐸÎZIhalnot/whonol஺Ḅèèéᨵnotᡈno.Thereisnooneofusbutwishestogo.ᡃ¡AAzë©஺Hehasmanypen-friends.NoweekpasseshereceivesseverallettersA.thatB.whichC.thanD.but6)Thanthanᐵ#iᵨᙠ568ḄMᔠxᐸí᪀“2568+than+”஺ThanᙠxÎZthanwhatTheindoorswimmingpoolseemstobeagreatmoreluxuriousthan.A.isnecessaryB.beingnecessaryC.tobenecessaryD.itisnecessaryThereoughttobelessanxietyovertheperceivedriskofmountainclimbingthan____inthepublicmindtoday.A.existsB.existC.existingD.toexistTheexperimentrequiresmoremoneythan.A.havebeenputinB.beingputinC.hasbeenputinD.tobeputin

47
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5A.hadbeenpointingB.havebeenpointingC.werepointingD.pointedJackfromhomefortwodaysnow,andIambeginningtoworryabouthissafety.AhasbeenmissingBhasbeenmissedChadbeenmissingDwasmissedconsciousofmymoralobligationsasacitizen.AIwasandalwayswillbeBIhavetobeandalwayswillbeCIhadbeenandalwayswillbeDIhavebeenandalwayswillbeComeandseemewheneverAyouareconvenientByouwillbeconvenientCitisconvenienttoyouDitwillbeconvenienttoyou2.æḄ᝱ræᨵû᝱æ᝱Ïæ᝱஺æ᝱ᵨZæx.⊤T$æḄ᡻³ὅÏæ᝱ᵨZÏæx.⊤T$æḄýþὅ஺Tohisastonishment,hesawaropeladderoutandthreemenclimbingdownit.AthrowingB.beingthrownC.havingthrowD.havingbeenthrownIwastohavemadeaspeechifA.IwasnotcalledawayB.nobodywouldhavecalledmeawayC.IhadnotbeencalledawayD.nobodycalledmeawayuஹÿ

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12Hethinksthatdrivinghimselfissaferthanlettingmedrive.d⚪)Theexperimentrequiresmoremoneythan___A.havebeenputinB.beingputinC.hasbeenputinD.tobeputinThereoughttobelessanxietyovertheperceivedriskofmountainclimbingthan___inthepublicmindtoday.A.existsB.existC.existingD.toexistWesternNebraskagenerallyreceiveslesssnowthanEasternNebraskaA.inB.itreceivesinC.doesD.itdoesin___thetwo,Bobis_student.A.Of,morediligentB.In,morediligentC.Of,themorediligentD.In,themorediligentMaryis_thanAlice.A.moreexperiencedateacherB.amoreexperiencedteacherGmoreanexperiencedteacherD.moreexperiencedteacherThelessthesurfaceofthegroundyieldstotheweightofafully-loadedtruck,tothetruck.A.thegreaterstressisB.greateristhestressC.thestressisgreaterD.thegreaterthestressDoyouknowTim'sbrother?Heis_thanTim.A.muchmoresportsmanB.moreofasportsmanC.moreofsportsmanD.moreasportsman2
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14A.whoB.asC.thatD.likeItwasasaphysicianthatherepresentedhimself,andhewaswarmlyreceived.A.assuchB.suchasC.asthatD.sothatEvenasagirl,tobeherlife,andtheateraudiencesweretobeherbestteachers.A.performingbyMelissawereB.itwasknownthatMelissa'sperformanceswereC.KnowingthatMelissa'sperformanceswereD.MelissaknewthatperforatingwasShedidherworkhermanagerhadinstructed.A.asB.untilC.whenD.though3)whilethough/although,!"Ḅ$%⌕'!ᐵ)ᩭ+%஺WhileIadmithissuggestionisveryreasonable,Idon'tagreetotakeit.WhileIamwritingthispaper,youcanbedoingsomethingelse.Isympathize,Ican'treallydoverymuchtohelpthemoutofthedifficulties.A.AslongasB.AsC.WhileD.Even4)nomatter!ᶧ-what,when,where,how./ᵨᡈ12ᶧ-3ever,456ὅ8915:ᣚ<ᵨ஺Nomatterhow/Howevercarefullyyoudrive,youwillprobablyhaveanaccidentonthismountainroad.Nomatterwhat/whateverhesays,theteacherwon'tbelievehim.,healwaystrieshisbesttocompleteinontime.A.HoweverthetaskishardB.HoweverhardtiletaskisC.ThoughhardthetaskisD.Thoughhardisthetask5)forall+=(?5@)45⊤CDE஺,heisreadytoacceptsuggestionsfromdifferentsources.A.InsteadofhiscontributionsB.ForallhisnotablecontributionsC.HismaltingnotablecontributionsD.Howeverhisnotablecontributions3."When,while,as,before,after,since.GHIᵨ.ᱯKᵨL1)immediatelyhearrived,hestartedtellinguswhattodo.A.PromptlyB.ImmediatelyC.QuicklyD.TimelyAcutehearinghelpsmostanimalssensetheapproachofthunderstormslongbeforepeople.A.doB.hearC.dothemD.hearingit

152)Theminute/moment/day,thefirst/second/lasttime,each/every/nexttime,bythetime.⊤"ḄMᙳ5"஺NexttimeyoucometoBeijing,youmustvisitthemuseum.Theminutehesawthemountainshefellinlovewithit.(Theminute=assoonas)3)Hardly/Scarcely...whenOnosooner...thanP6Q⊤RḄSTassoonas,UShardly/scarcely/nosoonerV☢XYᡂ[when,ihanV☢X\]஺tosleepthanthetelephoneranoncemore.A.HardlyhadhegoneB.NosoonerhadhegoneC.NotuntilhewentD.Scarcelydidhego4.^_1)`'⌕Qaso(+)/such(+=)…that,᝞_soᵨᙠ=efᵨso++a(n)+=Ḅ^_ᙠmuch/many/few/little+=^᪀ijᵨsoHewasthateverystudentlikeshim.A.suchkindteacherB.sokindateacherC.soakindteacherD.suchkindateachercomplainedabouttheheavytrafficthatthecitygovernmenttakemeasuresatlast.A.SuchmanypeopleB.SomuchpeopleC.SomanypeopleD.Suchmuchpeople2)kwiththeresultthat...45^_TheEskimolanguageis,therefore,oneofthemostdifficultintheworldtolearn,theresultthatalmostnotradersorexplorershaveeventriedtolearnit.A.withB.forC.owingtoD.as5lḄ1)sothat,inorderthatḄmInowill/can/may/shallP᪵Ḅqr(s᝱r)uḄ᝱e!'vᢝxyHealwayswriteshishomeworkneatlyinorderthattheteachermay/can/willrecognizethecharacterseasily.2)incaseḄmzr᪷|'5ᵨshould+r}roᙠr\]~஺Givemeyourphonenumber___Ineedyourhelp.A.whetherB.unlessC.sothatD.incase3)lest,forfearthat⊤CᔲSḄlḄ(■)VὅIᵨ[lestᵨ!~-⚪஺uḄmḄzr5ᵨshould+r}ᡈmight/would+r}஺Thedaughterwasnotallowedtogotobed,lestshemightbeneeded.Sheworriedforfearthatthechildwouldbehurt6.}:since,because,as,for,Inthat/ontheground(s)thatMendifferfromanimalsinthattheycanthinkandspeak.BarryhadanadvantageoverhismotherhecouldspeakFrench.A.sincethatB.inthatC.atthatD.sothat6.ᩩᩩ◀ᨬIḄif᜜ᨵunless,provided/providing(that),so/aslongas,onconditionthat,

16suppose/supposing(that),intheeventthat.஺Youcangoout,youpromisetobebackbeforethedinnerA.unlessB.thoughC.whetherD.aslongasThisisanillnessthatcanresultintotalblindnessleftuntreated.A.afterB.ifC.sinceD.unlessThefundamentalsimilarityofliquidsandgasesbecomesclearlyapparentwhenthetemperatureandpressureareraisedsomewhat.(35)aclosedcontainerpartiallyfilledwithaliquidisheated.ASupposeB.TosupposeC.BeingsupposedD.Supposed7▲ᑴasfaras,sofaras,insofaras,inasmuchas,insomuchas.⊤Cᙠ...Asfaras/SofarasIcansee,theyarenotlikelytowin.Insofaras/Insofarasthedefinitionsareconcerned,theremaystillbesomeinaccuraciesinthisdictionary.ḄᵨL1.ᵫthat஺ᶧ-who,which,whatOᶧ-where,when,why,how45஺jḄ=ᨵLbelief,fact,hope,idea,doubt,news,answer,decision,discovery,conclusion,evidence,rumor,suggestion,problem,order,question,explanation,impression,information,knowledge,law,message,opinion,possibility,principle,truth,promise,report,thought,statement,certainty,probability,likelihood.xe.gIhavenoideawhathashappenedtohim.Therearosethequestionwherewecouldgettheloan.Thenewsthatweareinvitedtotheconferenceisveryencouraging.2.ᙠxᵨ^᪀m45ᵨ:onconditionthat,onthesuppositionthat(¡),onthegroundsthat(}X)withtheexceptionthat,despitethefactthat,ontheunderstandingthat,ontheassumptionthat,onthepretencethat(£¤)etc.᝞LHeleftonthegroundsthathewasillIlenthimfiledictionaryonconditionthathewouldreturnitbeforeFriday.Theyrentedtheoldhouseontheassumptionthatthelandlordwouldpaintit.3.a¥¦^᪀§⊝ᨵ©?ª«ᡠ⛲Ḅ=஺Anideacametoherthatshemightdotheexperimentinanotherway.HegotamessagefromMr.Johnsonthatthemanagercouldnotseehimthatevening.4.!Ḅ$%(1)mḄ¯°ᐜ²³ᙠm´
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18A.whomeverB.whoC.whomD.whoeveró?~r=Oᑖôõ▲rö1.õ▲r´'a.?~Or=Í5÷ø'?~Ḽú^_r=Ḽú\û஺?~ḼúᐹÉḄᡈxüឋḄr´r=ᢣx¼ᡈÎÏḄü²a஺Toseeistobelieve.ôîï^_öþaÿ஺Seeingisbelieving.
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20²U஺᝞1Hefounditimpossibletogeteverythingreadyintime.HemadeitaruleonlytospeakEnglishinclass.Ihavelonghaditinmindtoansweryourletter.Idon'tthinkitworthwhilegoingtosuchaplace.Shefoundituseless/nousearguingwithhim.fdᶧ´$µ+w.1"$+ᶧ´$+todo·D¸"$ᨵ1know,tell,decide,explain,forget,learn,consider,remember,wonder,show,inform<<஺᝞1Thelittlegirlforgotwhattosay.Iwonderwhethertoinvitehimornot.Haveyoudecidedwhentogo?show/informsb.howtodosthg¹ᔠw.PḄ1)ᙠhope,refuseV/&'Yw.+todosth.2)Prevent,stop,hinder,prohibit,dissuade,refrain,keepVᵨsb.fromdoingsth.»⚪ThismayhavepreservedtheelephantfrombeingwipedoutaswellasotheranimalsinAfrica.A.huntedB.huntingC.thathuntedD.arehuntedTheClarkshaven'tdecidedyetwhichhotel___.A.tostayB.istostayC.tostayatD.isforstayingIdon'tlike_billsbutwhenIdogetthemIlike___thempromptly.A.toget,payingB.getting,topayC.toget,topayD.getting,payingHeprefers_A.towritehislettersratherthandictatingthemB.towritehislettersratherthandictatethemC.writinghislettersratherthandictatethemD.writinghislettersratherthanhavedictatedthemIneverregrettedtheoffer,fbritwasnotwheremyinterestlay.A.nottoacceptB.nothavingacceptedC.havingnotacceptedD.notacceptingThemeetingwasputoffbecausewe_ameetingwithoutJohn.A.objectedhavingB.wereobjectedtohavingC.objectedtohaveD.objectedtohavingWhafsthechanceof_ageneralelectionthisyear?A.therebeingB.theretobeC.therebeD.theregoingtobe3f▲"$+⊡.!ᑖ$%&'+⊡./ᓽ-.⊡¾.!w.⊡¾.஺

21aᵨuᙠᑖ$⊤~"+¿ᙠÀᡈÁ¹Ḅ"+Qᵨ⊤~"+ÂᡂᡈNÃᡈឋḄ"+Didyouhearsomeoneknockingatthedoor?Yes,Idid.Iheardhimknockthreetimes.»⚪Thecompositionscontainedsofewerrorsthattheteachergotthestudentsoneanother'spapers.A.correctB.tocorrectC.correctingD.tobecorrectingHenoticedthehelicopterhoveringoverthefield.Thentohisastonishment,hesawaropeladder___outandthreemenclimbingdownit.A.throwingB.beingthrownC.havingthrownD.havingbeenthrownProfessorJohnsonissaid_somesignificantadvanceinhisresearchinthepastyear.A.havingmadeB.makingC.tohavemadeD.tomakeAIDSissaid_thenumber-onekillerofbothmenandwomenoverthepastfewyearsinthatregion.A.beingB.tobeC.tohavebeenD.havingbeenTheMinisterofFinanceisbelieved____ofimposingnewtaxestoraiseextrarevenue.A.thatheisthinkingB.tobethinkingC.thatheistothinkD.tothink4f▲"$+Å.!ᑖ$ᙠ>P%&+Å.a+Å.ᵨḄÆᑖ$ḄÇÈ11
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22»⚪Suchthecase,therearenogroundstojustifyyourcomplaints.A.isB.tobeC.beingD.beentime,hewouldbethebestfootballplayerA.GivingB.GivenC.HavingbeengivenD.Togiveenoughtimeandmoney,theresearcherswouldhavebeenabletodiscovermoreinthisfield.A.GivingBtogiveC.GivenD.BeinggivenThethreementriedmanytimestosneakacrosstheborderintotheneighboringcountry,____bythepoliceeachtime.A.hadbeencapturedB.beingalwayscapturedC.onlytobecapturedD.unfortunatelycapturedThismissileisdesignedsothatoncenothingcanbedonetoretrieveit.A.firedB.beingfiredC.theyfiredD.havingfired,hecannowonlywatchitonTVathome.A.ObtainingnotaticketforthematchB.NotobtainingaticketforthematchC.NothavingobtainedaticketforthematchD.NotobtainedaticketforthematchHewasn'taskedtotakeonthechairmanshipofthesociety,insufficientlypopularwithallmembers.A.havingconsideredB.wasconsideredC.wasbeingconsideredD.beingconsideredArrivingatthebusstop,waitingthere.A.alotofpeoplewereB.hefoundalotofpeopleC.alotofpeopleD.peoplewerefoundregulartraininginnursing,shecouldhardlycopewithtileworkatfirst.A.NotreceivedB.SincereceivingC.HavingreceivedD.Nothavingreceived____atinthisway,thepresenteconomicsituationdoesn'tseemsogloomy.A.LookingB.LookedC.HavinglookedD.TolookThere_nothingmorefordiscussion,themeetingcametoanendhalfanhourearlier.A.tobeB.tohavebeenC.beingD.be—nocauseforalarm,theoldmanwentbacktohisroom.A.TherewasB.SinceC.BeingD.TherebeingThecountry'schiefexportsarecoal,carsandcottongoods,cars___themostimportantofthese.A.havebeenB.areC.beingD.arebeing

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243
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25YesterdayIwentshopping,sodidmybestfriend.Theorganizationhadbrokennorules,butneitherhaditactedresponsibly.4
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26I.<ᦪw&'x>ᐳz{⛲twt}ᢥ᯿ᙠ@AᐵnḄᑗᩭ>ᐸm஺ᐸ᣸ᑡ/Zᡈᢣ&'ுᡠᨵ/ᦪுᦪ⊤ᱯឋᡈឋḄுᜧஹ!ஹுஹஹ,&᝱ஹ&
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27Don*ttakeawaymydictionary,willyou?e᝞´▰¶)ᑖÈᨵseldom,hardly,never,rarely,little,nowhereᔲ>Birdsrarelybuildnestsinourgarden,dothey?YouandIcouldhardlyunderstand,?A.couldIB.couldn'tyouC.couldn'tweD.couldweWhenyouhavefinishedwiththatvideotape,don'tforgettoputitinmydrawer?A.doyouB.willyouC.don'tyouD.won'tyouDohelpyourselftosomefruit,you?A.can'tB.don*tCwouldn'tD.won'tAhibernatinganimalneedshardlyanyfoodallthroughthewinter,_?A.needitB.needn'titC.doesitD.doesn'titShewouldhavebeenmoreagreeableifshehadchangedalittlebit,___?A.hadn'tsheB.hasn'tsheC.wouldn'tsheD.didn'tsheItwasnotuntilmidnight_thesnowcappedpeak.A.thattheysightedB.thattheydidnotsightC.didtheysightD.hadtheysightedTwelveistothree_fouristoone,A.whatB.usC.thatD.likeAfterseemedanendlesswait,itwasherturntoenterthepersonnelmanager'soffice.A.thatB.thereC.whatD.itShemanagedtosave_shecouldoutofherwagestohelpherbrother.A.howlittlemoneyB.solittlemoneyC.suchlittlemoneyD.whatlittlemoneyThegovernmenthaspromisedtodo_liesinitspowertoeasethehardshipsofthevictimsintheflood-strickenarea.A.howeverB.whicheverC.whateverD.wherever3ÉÊpt¼1
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28ÏWpᓫᦪ¸Wp¹ᦪᵨ஺Thecitycouncilismeetingtosetitsagenda.4)acommittee,etc.of+¹ᦪ᝞´ᵫ“acommitteeof/apanelof/aboardof+¹ᦪ”᪀ᡂËÌḄ45ᵨᓫᦪ஺Î᝞Acommitteeoffivemenandthreewomenistoconsiderthematter.