高考英语阅读：阅读理解17份--高考英语阅读：阅读理解4

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ᑡᦻ⚪ᡠḄ⌱⚗AஹBஹCD⌱ᨬ⌱⚗஺AByLOSANGELESTIMESPublishedon2002-02-10Postedon2002-01-18105954NervousuncertaintysurroundsthefateofUSjournalistDanielPearl,withnoclearcommunicationfromhiskidnappersandnosignofhiswhereaboutsafterthreeseparatepolicesearchesforhisbodyinthetroublesomeportcityKarachi,Pakistan.Pearl,a38-year-oldWallStreetJournalreporter,disappearedtwoweeksagoonhiswaytoaninterviewinKarachi.Anemailallegedlyfromhiskidnapperscontainedfourphotosofhimandavarietyofdemands,includingoneforthereleaseofPakistaniprisonersbeingheldattheUSnavalbaseinCuba.ThesearcheswerestartedlastFridaynightbyanemailclaimingthatPearlhadbeenkilledandhisbodythrown“inthegraveyardsofKarachi.”PearlhasworkedforTheWallStreetjournalfor12yearsandisnowtheirSouthAsiabureauchief.HewasborninPrinceton,NewJerseyandgraduatedfromStanfordUniversitywithabachelor:sdegreeincommunications.HejoinedTheWallStreetJournalinNovember1990,firstasareporterintheAtlantabureau.In1993hemovedtotheWashingtonofficetocovertransportationbeforebeginningaseriesofoverseaspostings.ThemembersofaradicalḄIslamicgroupinPakistanwhoadmithavingkidnappedhimsayPearlisamemberoftheIsraeliintelligenceservice,Mossad.ButPearl:semployershaveangrilydeniedᔲ"thatheistheagent#ᳮofanygovernment.PearTsFrenchwife,Marianne,issixmonthspregnantwiththeirfirstchild.

1ForthepastfewweeksthecouplehavebeenlivinginKarachiwhilePearltriedtoarrangeaninterviewwithMubarakAliShahGilani,headofthesmallmiclitantIslamicgroupTanzeemul-Fuqra.56.Wecanseefromthetextthat.APearlhasbeenmurderedBPearlhasescapedfromhiskidnappersCPearlisindangerDPearl'sfatestillremainsinquestion57Accordingtothetext,Pearlmostprobablydisappeared.AonJanuary24,2002BonJanuary26,2002ConJanuary4,2002DonJanuary11,200258PearTsdisappearancehassomethingtodowith.ATanzeemul-FuqraBaradicalIslamicgroupinPakistanCtheUSnavalbaseinCubaDtheIsraeliintelligenceserviceBStudentparticipation%&intheclassroomisnotonlyacceptedbutalsoexpectedofthestudentinmanycourses.Someprofessorsbasepartofthefinalgradeonthestudent:soralparticipation.AlthoughthereareformallecturesduringwhichthestudenthasapassiveroleAi.e.,listeningandtakingnotesB,manycoursesareorganizedaroundclassroomdiscussions,studentquestions,andinformallectures.Ingraduatediscussionstheprofessorhada“manager”roleandthestudentsmakepresentationsandleaddiscussions.Thestudentsdotheactualteachinginthesediscussions.Aprofessor:steachingmethodisanotherfactor'(thatdeterminesthedegreeandtypeofstudentparticipation.Someprofessorsprefertocontroldiscussionwhileothersprefertoguidetheclasswithoutcontrollingit.Manyprofessorsencouragestudentstoquestiontheirideas.Studentswhoobjecttotheprofessor:spointofviewshouldbepreparedtoprovetheirpositions.Intheteachingofscienceandmathematics,thecontrollingmodeofinstructionisgenerallytraditional,withteacherspresentingformallecturesandstudentstakingnotes.However,neweducationaltrendshaveturnedupinthehumanitiesandsocialsciencesinthepasttwentyyears.

2Studentsinedcuation,society,andhistoryclasses,forexample,areoftenrequiredtosolveproblemsingroups,designprojects,makepressentations,andexaminecasestudies.Sincesomecollegeoruniversitycoursesare"practical”ratherthantheoretical,theypaymoreattentionto“doing“forthemselves.59^Participationintheclassroomisnotonlyacceptedbutalsoexpectedofthestudent”inmanycoursesexceptin.AscienceandmathematicsBthehumanitiesandsocialsciencesCinformallecturecoursesDdiscussioncourses60Fromthepassageweknowthateducationinthehumanitiesandsociety.AhasnotchangedmuchBpayattentiontostudentsstudyinginsteadofteachersteachingCismuchmoreimportantthanthatofscienceandmathematicsDhasbecomemorepracticalthantheoretical61Thereasonwhysomeprofessorsaskstudentstomakepresentationsandleaddiscussionsisthat.AtheseprofessorsareoftennotwellpreparedbeforeclassBtheseprofessorswanttostrees"doing”Ctheseprofessorswanttotestthestudents'abilitiesDtheseprofessorsarenotwillingtoteachtheory62Whichofthefollowingsentencesistrueaccordingtothepassage?AStudentparticipationisnotcommonintheclassroominmanycourseslikesociety.BSomeprofessorswanttocontroltheclassroomdiscussion.CSomeprofessorsusuallywantthestudentstotakepartintheteachingofscienceandmathematics.

3DNeweducationaltrendshaveturnedupinteachingofnaturalsciencessuchaschemistry.CScientistshavetriedtocomeupwithbiologicalexplanationsforthedifferencebetweenboysandgirls.However,nonewerebelievableenoughtoexplainthegeneralpicture.Asonescientistpointsout,“Thereareslightgenetic⍡*Ḅdifferencesbetweenthesexesatbirthwhichmayaffectthesubjectsboysandgirlschoose.Butthedifficultyisthatbythetimechildrenreachschoolage,therearesomanyothereffectsthatitisalmostimpossibletotellwhethergirlsareworseatscienceandmaths,orwhetherthey'vebeenbroughtuptothinkofthesesubjectsasboys:'territory'".Statistics+,ᦪ.showthatinmathematics,atleast,girlsareequaltoboys.Arecentreportsuggeststhatgirlsonlystopstudyingmathematicsbecuaseofsocialattitudes.Oneofthereports:authorssays,“Whileitissociallyunacceptableforpeoplenottobeabletoreadandwrite,itisstillacceptableforwomentosaythattheyare'hope-less'atmaths.Ourresearchshowsthat,althoughgirlsgetmarkswhichareasgoodastheboys',theyhavenotbeenencouragedtodoso.”Theexplanationforthedifference,whichisveryclearduringtheteenageyears,goesasfarbackasearlychildhoodexperiences.Fromtheirfirstdaysinnurseryschool,girlsarenotencouragedtoworkontheirownortocompletetasks,althoughboysare.Forexample,boysandnotgirls,areoftenaskedto'help'withrepairwork.Thisencouragementleadstoawayoflearninghowtosolveproblemslateroninlife.EvidenceAuE.showsthatexceptionalmathematiciansandscientistsdidnothaveteacherswhosuppliedanswers;theyhadtofindoutforthemselves.Afurtherreportonmathsteachingshowsthatteachersseemtogivemoreattentiontoboysthantogirls.Mostteacherswhotookpartinthestudyadmittedthattheyexpecttheirmalestudentstodobetteratmathematicsandsciencesubjectsthantheirfemalestudents.Allofthistendstoencourageboystoworkharderinthesesubjects,givesthemconfidence/0andmakesthembelievethattheycansucceed.

4Interestingly,bothboysandgirlstendtoregardsuch'male'subjectslikemathematicsandscienceasdifficult.Yetithasbeensuggestedthatgirlsavoidmathematicscourses,notbecausetheyaredifficult,butforsocialreasons.Mathematicsandsciencearemainlymalesubjects,andtherefore,asgirlsbecometeenagers,theyarelesslikelytotakethemup.Girlsdonotseemtowanttobeinopencompetitionwithboys.Neitherdotheywanttodobetterthanboysbecausetheyareafraidtoappearlessfemaleandso,lessattractive.63Theunderlinedword“territory”inthesecondparagraphmostprobablymeans.AinterestBareaoflandCspecialfieldDdistrict64Accordingtoscientificstudies,.AmathsisnotfitforgirlstolearnBboyshaveaspecialsenseofmathsCgirlsarepooreratmathsbecausetheyaretheweakersexDgirlscanlearnmathsaswellasboysifgivenenoughencouragement65Thosewhomadeextraordinarycontributioninmathematicsandscience.AusuallyhadgoodteacherstohelpthemBhadtheabilitiestosolveproblemsbythemselvesCusuallyworkedharderthanothersDwereencouragedtorepairthingswhenyoung66Whichofthefollowingisnottrueaccordingtothetext?AItseemssociallyacceptableforagirlnottobeabletoreadandwrite.BItisasocialproblemratherthanaproblemofbrainsthatgirlsarepooratmaths

5CMathematicsandsciencearenoeasysubjectstoeithergirlsorboys.DThereisnoconnectionbetweenagirl:sabilityinmathsandherappearance.67Whatwouldbethebesttitleforthetext?AWho,sAfraindofMathsAnyway?BAreBoysClevererthanGirls?CBoysAreBetteratMathsthanGirlsbyBirthDMaths-ADifficultSubjectDThenexttimeyoutryforahigh-rankingpost,youcouldletyourpossiblebosslistentoarecommending1₞phonecall"made”byUSPresidentGeorgeW.BushorBritishPrimeMinisterTonyBlair.Ofcourse,neitherofthemcouldreallydothatforyou-youwouldjust“borrow”theirvoices.AT&Tlabswillstartsellingspeechsoftwarethatitsaysissogoodatreproducingthesoundsofahumanvoicethatitcanrecreatevoicesandevenbringthevoicesoflong-deadfamouspeoplebacktolife.Thesoftware,whichturnsprintedtextintospeech,makesitpossibleforacompanytouserecordingsofaperson:svoicetosaythingsthatthepersonneveractuallysaid.Possiblecustomersforthesoftware,whichispricedinthethousandsofdollars,includetelephonecallcentres,companiesthatmakesoftwarethatreadsdigitalᦪ3Ḅfilesaloud,andmakersofautomatedvoicedevices45Theadvancesraiseseveralproblems.Who,forexample,ownstherightstoafamousperson:svoice?ASomeexpertsevenbelievethatnewcontractsᔠ7willbedrawnthatincludevoice-licensingclauses.BAndalthoughscientistssaythetechnologyisnotyetgoodenoughtocommitfraudᎷᑈwouldthesynthesizedᔠᡂḄvoicesatlastbeabletotrickpeopleintothinkingthattheyweregettingphonecallsordigitalaudiorecordingsfrompeopletheyknow?

6EvenMrFruchterman,oneofAT&Tlabspossiblefirstcustomers,saidhewonderedwhatthenewtechnologymightbring."Justlikeyoucanttrustaphotographanymore."hesaid,“youwontbeabletotrustavoiceeither.”68Withthehelpofthespeechsoftware,itismostpossible.AtoimproveafamouspersonsspeechBtosaywhatyouwantinanothersvoiceCtomakeaspeechmuchmoreeasilyDtohelpyoutofindabetterjob69Ifthespeechsoftwarewerewidelyused,.ApeoplewouldnolongerbelieveeachotherBitwouldnotbenecessarytogoforaspeechbyafamouspersonCnoradioorTVbroadcasterswouldbeneededDrecordingofavoicealonewouldnotbetakenasaproofinthecourt70Accordingtothepassage,youcaninferthat.Athesoftwarewillturnouttobeanimmediatesuccessinthemarket.Bthegovernmentwillforbidthesaleofthesoftwareinthemarket.Cit'shardtodecidewhetherthesoftwarewillenjoypopularity.Dthesoftwarewillsoonprovetobenothingbutrubbish.71Thepassagemainlywantsto.AintroduceanewsoftwareBexplainthedisadvantageofanewinventionCadvertiseanewkindofproductDdescribethefuturemarketofanewproductE

7Althoughtheymaynotdiefromlackoflove,adultsalsoneedagreatamountofaffection;<andcompanionship.Inthepast,manypeoplespenttheirentirelivesinthecommunitiesinwhichtheywerebornandraised.Manymorepeoplecontinuedtolivewiththeirparents,brothersandsistersaftertheyweremarriedandhadchildrenoftheirown.Byremaininginfamiliarcommunitieswithrelativesnearby,familieshadenoughopportunitiesforfriendlycontactandforsupportintimeoftrouble.RecentstudiessuggestthatfamilyarrangementsinWesternsocietieshavenotchangedasmuchinthelastfewcenturiesasisgenerallybelieved.Yetmostsociologistsagreethatinmodernsocieties,therearefeweropportunitiesforfriendshipandsupportfromrelativesoutsidetheimmediatefamily.Parentsandchildrenoftenliveapartfromotherrelatives,andseldomvisitthem.Also,thefamilymoveswhenaparentacceptsajobinanotherplaceorwhenitdecidestoliveinabetterneighborhood.Together,lonelinessandmobility=>forceimmediatefamilymemberstodependheavilyononeanotherforaffectionandcompanionship.Becausethefamilyisoneofthefewongoingsourcesofaffectionandcompanionshipinmodernsocieties,ahighpercentageofpeoplecontinuetomarry,eventhoughitispossibleforasinglemanandwomantolivetogetherwithoutmarrying.Ontheotherhand,becauseaffectionandcompanionshiphavebecomesoimportant,familiesaremorelikelytobreakupifthehusband:sorwife:semotional

8BparentsandchildrenlivetogethertomakeupforthelackofrelativesoutsidethefamilyCfamilyarrangementshavechangedandsothereislittleneedforcompanionofrelativesDfamilymembersareseparatedfromeachotherbecauseoflackofsupportfromrelatives74Theword“touchstone”inthelastparagraphmaybereplacedby.AresultBtroubleCfunctionDstandard75Inthelastparagraph,thewritermainlywantstosay.AaffectionandcompanionshipareimportantforthefamilyandtheycanbegainedfromnowherebutthefamilyBaffectionandcompanionshipcancomefromthefamilyandatthesametimesafeguardthefamilyCtherearefewwaystogainaffectionandcompanionshipbutthebestwaytogetthemisfromthefamilyDinmodernsocietiesalotoffamiliesbreakupandit'sjustforalackofaffectionandcompanionship56.D57.C58.B59.C60.D61.C62.B63.B64.D65.A66.A67.B68.B69.B70.A71.D72.C73.B74.C75.C

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