2021年高考真题——理综（全国甲卷）含解析

《2021年高考真题——理综（全国甲卷）含解析》由会员上传分享，免费在线阅读，更多相关内容在教育资源-天天文库。

2021
᪥ᐰὃᵬᔁᳮᔠ⚗1.ᔁ!ὃ"#$%&Ḅ()ஹ+ὃ,-.ᑏᙠ⚪ᓱ3஺2.5⌱7⚪8!⌱9:;⚪ᫀ=!ᵨ?@A⚪ᓱ3BC⚪DḄᫀ᪗-FGH᝞◤ᦋL!ᵨMNOPQ=!R⌱FᐸTᫀ᪗-஺5U⌱7⚪8!$ᫀVᑏᙠ⚪ᓱ3!ᑏᙠWᔁ3Xᦔ.3.ὃ[\=!$Wᔁ]⚪ᓱ^_5.`ᵨᑮḄbBcdefH1C12N14016S32Cu64Zr91ஹ⌱7⚪W⚪ᐳ13h;⚪!:;⚪6ᑖ஺ᐳ78ᑖ!ᙠ:;⚪j9Ḅkh⌱⚗l!mᨵ⚗opᔠ⚪D⌕rḄ஺1.stজ⏘ஹঝᢙyஹঞ{|ஹট~cஹঠᾦஹড᪶⏚oyᑁᨵ⌕ᵨḄᱥe஺ᑡḄoA.জঝঞoᵫ⏚ᡂḄB.ঞটঠoᱥᜧᑖd!¡¢C.জঝডoᵫ£¤ḄᓫyᡂḄ¦§yD.টঠডoy¨©ᑁḄª⌕«ᱥeூᫀ௃Cூᑖ᪆௃1ஹ⏘o¯¨©ᔠᡂḄᐹᨵ±ᓄᵨḄᨵ³ᱥ!ᜧ¦ᦪ⏘oµ¶e!·ᦪ⏘oRNA஺2ஹ᪶⏚oᑗᱥḄ⍡ºᱥe஺ᨵ¨©[᪀Ḅᱥ£ᨵDNA]RNA¼½᪶⏚!¾ᐸ¨©᪶⍡ºᱥe]¨©e⍡ºᱥeoDNA஺3ஹLᱥyᑁ{|Ḅᓄᡂᑖ¿ÀᐰbÁ!ᨵḄÂõ¶eÄ!ᨵḄÂÃᾦe!ᨵḄÂÃ⏚Åᱥ஺ூÆÇ௃Aஹ⏘ḄᓄWeoµ¶eᡈRNA,ᢙyḄᓄWeoµ¶e!{|ḄᓄWeoᨵ³ᱥ!᝞µ¶eஹ⏚ḄÅᱥஹᾦe!mᨵµ¶eÉoᵫ⏚ᡂḄ!A┯ËHBஹ~coᱥᜧᑖd!ᾦ¿oᱥᜧᑖd!Ì{|¿Íoᜧᑖdᱥe!᝞ᵬÎÏ{|o£ỚḄ⏚!B┯ËH

1Cஹ⏘ḄᓄWeoµ¶eᡈRNA,ᢙyḄᓄᡂᑖoµ¶e!µ¶eoᵫ⏚ᡂḄ¦§y!᪶⏚oᵫ᪶ᵞ⏚ᡂḄ¦§y!⏚]᪶ᵞ⏚£ᨵ¤ᐗ|!CHDஹyª⌕Ḅ«ᱥeo~Ä!᪶⏚oᱥḄ⍡ºᱥe!ᾦo³yª⌕ḄÓᱥe!D┯Ë஺ᦑ⌱Co2.ÕÁ$⏗×ؽᙠÙÚÛÜÝÞlßàáâ!¿`ãᑮḄ[äoA.åØᙠᨵæᩩèéêëB.åØᙠXæìᔾḄîlXïð⏚ñC.åØᙠXæᩩèéñò⏣D.åØᙠᨵæ]XæᩩèñC02ூᫀ௃Bூᑖ᪆௃⏗×Øoôឋöæᱥ!ᨵæìᔾḄñᱥo÷æᓄ]ø!Xæìᔾñᱥo⏀ú]÷æᓄ஺ூÆÇ௃Aஹ⏗×Øᨵ¨©᪶!oûØᱥ!ᐸüýÄþoÿ
ឋᩩᙠᨵᩩḄ⏗ḄAᔠ⚪!"BCஹ⏗$ᔾᙠ&'()(*+,$ᔾ-.▤012⏚ஹ45ឋḄ6789:Ḅ-;▤012⏚<45ឋ645ᡂ>⏣7ᡂ;ᓄABᔠ⚪!Cᔠ⚪!"Dஹ⏗ᨵ$ᔾB$ᔾCᙠ-;▤0ᡂCO2,Dᔠ⚪!஺ᦑ⌱Bo3.GHᐹᨵJ+KᱥGMNᳮP஺ᑡGHᨵᐵḄST┯VḄWXZA.KᱥG"⚔]^_"`abcdef◀⚔hij◀B.⚔hḄGHbckᑮmh▬opiᢓᑴmhGC.GHbcs⁚Kᱥuᑁwx)yḄ⊤{pi|}KᱥGD.ᙠJ+᪷ஹNᘤGWGHḄᘤூᫀ௃Dூᑖ᪆௃GHḄᓄ(Wᕡ>⏚"GHḄk⌕W᩽ឋkᨵ᩽ឋkBᔣk"GHKᱥGᐹᨵᵨᓽ¡J+G¢¡ᢓᑴG஺

2ூ£j௃ABஹ⚔]^_Ḅ5yW⚔hḄGHᔣk¤ᩩ¥¦Ḅmh¦§GH¡¨¢mhGH¡¨yi©mhḄª«¬ᑮᢓᑴbcde᤺◀⚔hḄ®¯j◀K°⚔]^_AB±²"CஹᱥḄឋ³Wᵫ)yµᑴḄGH¶ᱥឋ³Ḅᦋ¸Wdesµwx)yḄ⊤{ᩭ|}KᱥGḄC±²"Dஹ᪷ஹNᘤGHḄº»¼ᨵ½¾¿Àᐸ*᪷GHᨬD┯V஺ᦑ⌱D஺4.ÃuÄᾯᐹᨵᑁᑖÆPW.xs⁚*ÇḄᡠᙠ¦§஺ᑡᨵᐵÄᾯḄST┯VḄWXZA.Äᾯ¬&'᜜ÊËÌÍḄ¸ᓄB.ÄᾯᑖÆᢙᑭÐÑHBJᵬ³ÓÑHC.ÄᾯÔÕÖ×⊝Ḅs⁚ÙÄᾯᨵÕ×⊝s⁚*ÇD.Äᾯ¬uÚḄ¸ᓄ"ÄᾯᨵuÚs⁚*Çூᫀ௃Bூᑖ᪆௃ÄᾯḄPÙজ¬ÙËÌͬᘤ¬ËÌÍᓣÝÞᢝÕÖàá×⊝஺ঝãäÙbåËÌͬᘤḄᐶçãäèᜧᾯêë©ìíî஺ঞᑖÆÙᑖÆJÑH89ÑHᵨðᚖu©ìᑖÆ»ḄÑHᡈJÑH஺ᙠ᜜óô᛻ÚᑖÆJᵬ³ÓÑH89ÑHᙠ&'᜜ÊËÌÍᓣ¢J©ᚖuᑖÆᢙᑭÐÑH஺টs⁚ÙuÚs⁚*Çஹ⊈øs⁚*ÇஹËÌÍs⁚*Ç஺ঠÄᾯúûü¥᪶Ḅþÿᐗᐹᨵᕜ⁚᪶ᑁᕜ⁚Ḅᑴ஺ூ௃ACஹᾯ!"⊝$⁚%&'(ᐹᨵ)*+,-ᘤᩭ,012᜜4)*+Ḅ5ᓄAC789Bஹᾯ:ᑖ<=ᵬ?@ABCDABஹᢙᑭGABHᐹᨵᑁᑖ

35,\∫Ḅ^_ஹ`⁐W⁐3ឋ?ᵫ3Rcd⍡fḄghᑴiᑴ`⁐ḄghjkXl⁐m஺nopgh_Q&Ḅ\∫q\∫Mrsopgh_Q&Ḅ\∫q\∫Ntuvwxyᩖ{ᑖ|}~\∫&ឋ?Ḅᦪ\᝞ᡠ஺0\∫N⊤uឋឋ?ᮞ`஺ᑡ┯MḄq工、皿冢寒咪A.\∫Mu`ᩖᔠ∫B.\∫M⁐⊤C.\∫Nᮞ`ᩖᔠD.vw\∫ᙳu^ᩖᔠூ
ᫀ௃Aூᑖ᪆௃ᑖ᪆\∫Mr\∫Ntuvwxyᩖ{ᩖ{^^=31,^uឋឋ?^u◚ឋឋ?vwᐵk^_Ḅgh_ᙳuAaqᎷ¤ᑴ^_ḄghuA/a9ᮞ¥=11,&'ᮞuឋឋ?vwᐵk⁐Ḅgh_uBbxbbqᎷ¤ᑴ⁐ḄghuB/b9`¦`=11,`uឋឋ?iᑴ`⁐ḄghjkXl⁐mᎷ¤ᑴ`⁐ḄghuW/w,ᦑvwᐵk`⁐Ḅgh_uXwXwxXwYᡈXwxwxXWY஺3ឋ?ᵫ3Rcd⍡fḄghᑴ⍳©ghḄªᵫ«ᔠThuN⊤uឋឋ?ᮞ`ᦑNgh_uAaBbXWxwᡈAaBbXwY,ᑣMḄgh_RuAabb®¯°ᡈAabbxwxw஺ூ௃ABஹ᪷²ᑖ᪆³0MḄgh_uAabbXWYᡈAabbxwxw,⊤u^¦`´∫ᡈ^¦`∫A┯MB789CஹNgh_uAaBbXWxwᡈAaBbXWY,ᮞ`⊤u^ᮞ`∫µRghᙳuᩖᔠC789

4Dஹvw\∫^Ḅgh_ᙳuAa,uᩖᔠD78஺ᦑ⌱Ao6.p¶o·¸5ᓄḄ᝱º}஺ᑡᐵk·»ᙠ½¾W¿὏ÁᵪmḄp¶ÃÄḄÅ┯MḄqA.ÆuhBᡈªᯠhBḄÈ᡾³Êᦋ5Ìᱥp¶ÃÄḄÎᔣB.·»ᙠ½¾W¿὏ÁᵪmḄÃÄᑖ|uлÃÄWÑ»ÃÄC.·»ᙠ½¾W¿὏ÁᵪmḄÃÄÒ⌕ÔᔊÖp▤Øஹ₝w▤ØD.ᙠÃÄÚÛp¶ÜÝᔣ᪀ßᩖஹàTឋáḄÎᔣ·¸ூâᫀ௃Cூᑖ᪆௃1ஹp¶ÃÄäḼ'æḄçop¶èsop¶ÄḄÚÛ஺2ஹp¶ÃÄḄéh»ᱥp¶ḄÃÄp¶ᑁêhBqᒹìíᑁᐵºஹíæᐵºHr᜜îï᛻hBñᔠtᵨḄ\஺3ஹлÃÄᢣoôᩭõᨵèÌᱥ⌚÷Ḅᙢ☢ᡈὅéᩭûᙠÚÌèüèýþÿ
ḄᙢḄᩭᨵḄᯠᙠᩭᨵḄᶇ!"ᶇᨵᱥḄ$%&ᐸ()*+ḄᙢḄ஺ூ./௃Aஹ23456789:;Ḅᔣ&=>⌨@"ᵪஹBCD᪍ஹᦋ⌼HIஹ᝱KLMNᐵPQRSTU:;VឋXAYZ[BCஹᙠ\]^Ḅ_`aᙢ⊟▤def/▤de₝▤dhiᩈ▤dhk᪍▤dl὏KᵪḄnoᯠᔣn₝▤dpiᩈ▤dhqᩈ▤dBYZC┯s[DஹtuvwxayzᱥḄ{᛻⌲~ᦋᗐ:;Ḅ⃩᪀ᩭᩖᢙឋᩭឮឋᩭDYZ஺ᦑ⌱C஺7.ᓄ2+Ꮙ{᛻Nᐵ஺xᑡYZḄA.¡¢6£¤¥■ῖᑺB.©ª«¬ᵯ®¯⌼ᡂ{᛻±²C.ᜩᯠ´µᐰ·¸¯¹ᨵº´+D.»ᵨ½¾¿Àᑺ¯⌼ᡂÁ+±²ூÂᫀ௃C

5ூᑖ᪆௃ூ./௃A.¡¢6〉Ç££ᑺ&■ῖᑺM᝞Éᵬ⏚ÌᦑA┯s[B.«¬ᵯ®z½ᨵÍÎÏMÎÏÐ%¯⌼ᡂ±²Á+±²MᦑB┯s[C.ᜩᯠ´Ñ⌕ᡂᑖnᵬÓµᐰ·¸¯¹tÔᓄÕMᨵº´+ᦑCYZ[D.½ᵊ¿ÀᑺḄ᣸Ø»Áz¾aÙ⌼ᡂÁzÚ3ÛÜÝὑÁzß/ḄÔÁ+àáâᦑD┯s[ᦑ⌱C஺8.NAnãäåæçᦪḄé஺xᑡYZḄA.18gÍÁD?஺êz½ᨵḄë%ᦪnIONAB.3moiḄNO?H?஺µᐰìí¢îïḄᵯ%ᦪn4NAC.32g{ðS§(êᑖ%z½ᨵḄS-SñᦪnINAD.lLpH=4Ḅ0.10101111<2507ßòz50óÐ%ᦪn0.1ôூÂᫀ௃cூᑖ᪆௃18gூ./௃A.DQḄë%ᦪn10,18gD,0ḄᱥëḄõnö=0.9mol,÷H8gÍÁ20g/molD2஺êzᡠ½ë%ᦪn9NAA┯s[B.N஺ùH?஺ìíḄᓄyún3N5+H20=2HN03+N0,ûìíÝὑ3üN5ᑖ%îïḄᵯ%ᦪn2üᑣᨵ3moiḄN02þìí¢îïḄᵯ%ᦪn2NAB┯s[CtüSg(êᑖ%z½ᨵḄS-Sñᦪn8ü32gs8ḄᱥëḄõn32g11ÿ
ᑣᨵḄS-Sᦪ&X8XNA=NA'C;D.⏚ឋKOzO,ᙠ5஺+0=2CrO+2H+,Crᐗᨵ50

6CrO,ᑣlLpH=4ḄO.lmoLL-kzCr2஺?er2஺#$ᦪ%&'01NA,D┯);ᦑ⌱C9.,-.ᑴᜓ1ᑡ34Ḅ5678Ḅ93456A:3;<=ᓄ?@4BABᓄCDEᱏ;ᑮHIJ⏚CKᓄLᔣKᓄN@4O;IK⏚DB3;<=⏚PABᓄ┶ḄRᔠᱥA.AB.BC.CD.DூVᫀ௃Dூᑖ᪆௃ூ[\௃A.=ᓄ?]^_`;<᧕ᑖ\bᡂ:3=ᓄL`deὅ⍗Hhiᓄᔠbᡂ=ᓄ?@4`ᡠk]lᵨ'ᑴᜓ:3`A]78B.DEᱏ;ᑮHIJ⏚inboᓄpq`]lᵨ'ᑴᜓABᓄC`B]78C.KᓄLrsឋ34`IK⏚ᐹᨵuBᓄឋ`]lᵨIK⏚vKᓄN@4w%ᑴᜓxKᓄL34`yx34ivIK⏚nbBᓄrsw%`C]78D.,-.;<=⏚PABᓄ╎ḄRᔠᱥ`bᡂ=ᓄPB3`ABᓄ═|}ᓄᑺ`7ᵨ56ᑴᜓB3`D78ᦑ⌱D஺10.1ᑡḄ9A.ᵬ⏣7nbw%7nb;ᡂw%B.ᵨ⛳⏚L7k␺⏚⏣C.Ḅ's$ᦪḄD.Avᑖ᪀4ூVᫀ௃B

7ூᑖ᪆௃ூ[\௃A.ᵬ⏣ᐗ⛳⏣`]lnb;ᡂw%`A┯)B.⏚7v⛳⏚LNw%`b3`⏣]lnbw%`v⛳⏚N`eὅpq]`7ᵨ⛳⏚L7k␺eὅ`BC.¡s$ᦪḄ`ᐸ£¤¥`¥`ᡠkḄ]'s$ᦪḄ`c┯)D.Aᑖ$¦᪀2§]⛳¨`ᐸᑖ$©C5H8,ᑖ$¦᪀1§]⛳¨`ᐸᑖ$©C5H10,eὅᑖ$©]`]lᑖ᪀4`D┯)஺ᦑ⌱B஺U.W.XஹYஹZs$«ᦪ¬®ᜧḄ°ᕜ²³´ᐗ`ZḄᨬ᜜·ᵯ$ᦪ9WXḄᨬ᜜·ᵯ$ᦪ¹`9YḄᨬ᜜·ᵯ$ᦪḄ2º஺WXḄᓫ¼½¾1ᙳ34஺1ᑡḄ9A.s$ÀÁZ>Y>X>WB.WvXÂlÃᡂÄᓄᔠᱥC.YBᓄᱥÅឋBᓄᱥ`]vuÅw%D.WஹXZ7Ãᡂᨵ#$hᨵᐳÇḄᓄᔠᱥூVᫀ௃Dூᑖ᪆௃W.XஹYஹZs$«ᦪ¬®ᜧḄ°ᕜ²³´ᐗ`ZḄᨬ᜜·ᵯ$ᦪ9WXḄᨬ᜜·ᵯ$ᦪ¹`9YḄᨬ᜜·ᵯ$ᦪḄ2º`ᑣᑖ᪆È`ZḄᨬ᜜·ᵯ$ᦪᏔᦪ`WXḄᓫ¼½¾1ᙳ34`ᑣÊÈWXËÌÍᐗ`ᡠk7ᑨÏWHᐗ`XNᐗ`ZḄᨬ᜜·ᵯ$ᦪ1+5=6,YḄᨬ᜜·ᵯ$ᦪ9=3,ᑣYAIᐗ`ZS2ᐗ`ЦᔠᐗÑᐸᓄᔠᱥḄ¦᪀vឋ¼ᑖ᪆\V஺ூ[\௃᪷ÐÓᑖ᪆7È`WHᐗ`XNᐗ`YAIᐗ`ZSᐗ`ᑣA.ᵯ$·ᦪ¥Ḅᐗs$ÀÁ¥ᜧ`ᕜ²ᐗs$ÀÁ¬ÔÕ`ᑣs$ÀÁY(AI)>Z(S)>X(N)>W(H),A┯)B.WHᐗ`XNᐗ`eὅ7ÃᡂNH3N2H4,B┯)C.YAlᐗ`ᐸBᓄᱥeឋBᓄᱥ`7vu⏚ஹuÅw%`C┯)D.WஹXZ7Ãᡂ(NH4)2SஹNHHS,eὅᨵ#$hᨵᐳÇ`D஺4

8ᦑ⌱D»12.ÜÈ¡¾¨1`Ksp(BaSO4)3Ḅýþ\øùB.x¾¨1BaSC\Ḅ/(Bas஺4)1.0x1O-10C.〉BaClᵫaᑮb2c(S஺-)c(Ba2+)=l(f5/)*+=]0%-"D..8ᡭூ2ᫀ௃Bூᑖ᪆௃BaC03ஹBaSO”ᙳ;ᱥ=⛳?+@lg[c(Ba2+)]+{—lg[c(SOF)]}=-0c(Ba2+)xc(SO-)]=-lg[/C(BaS04)],JᳮL+@lg[c(Ba2+)]+{-lg[c(COF)]}=-splg[K(BaCO)],NKp(BaSOJV/C(BaCO),ᑣ@lg[Kp(BaCO3)]VTg{Kp(BaSO4)],ᵫSLTsp3sp3UজTg[c(Ba2+)]W@lg[c(S஺-)]ḄᐵY=TUঝ@lg[c(Ba2+)]W@lg[c(COFIḄᐵY஺ூ\]௃A.ᵫ⚪L=TU`Ḅᙳ⛳?+abcdᐵY=ᵫ`eᑖ᪆L=TUজBaSOḄfg]TU=⌱⚗A┯kF4B.TUজBaSCU+@lg[c(Ba2+)]W@lg[c(S஺-)]ḄᐵY=ᵫmL=n+@Ig-Ba?

9+)]=3)=-lg[c(SO-)=7,ᑣ@lg[Ksp(BaSC)4)]=7+3=-10,NSKsp(BaSO4)=1.0xl0R,⌱⚗BrsFC.ᔣ⛳?BaS04+ᐭ〉BaCizx=+c(Ba2,)yᜧ=᪷|}d~ᑣK(BaS04)sp~L=+c(SO-)=NSaTUজᔣ`=⌱⚗C┯k;c(S஺F)D.ᵫmL=n+c(Ba2+)=10si)=*+=10'L%⌱⚗DdCOF)┯k;2ᫀ⌱B஺13.⏚@⌕Ḅᓄ+=ᵨ᝞mᡠḄᵯᓄᔠᡂ஺m+Ḅ᩽+¡+ḄH2஺]£H+?0Hl¤ᙠ¦§ᵯ¨©ᵨᑖª«*᩽¬஺ᑡ®¯rsḄᵯ°OOooHHHCC铅IIII2-石HO—C乙—醛C——酸HO墨电I叱/\极H1电O+O7极oKOH-H-y酸--亿二醐-C乙醛)⛳?±⏚᩽±+KBr⏚A.KBrᙠ`eᵯᓄᔠᡂ³´+µ¶ᵯ]·Ḅ©ᵨoo0OB.□᩽`Ḅ¹º»:+2H++2e=IIII+H02HO-C-C-OHHO-C-C-HC.ᑴ¾2moi⏚=ᳮÁ`᜜ᵯÃ+¬ÄImolᵯÅD.᩽+¡+ḄH+ᙠ᜜ᵯ¨©ᵨᔣÆᵯ᩽ᔣ¬ூ2ᫀ௃Dூᑖ᪆௃ÇÈᵯ)=±⏚ÉÊË⏚=NSÆᵯ᩽ᵯ]Ì▢᩽=ÎÏᵯ᩽ᵯ]Ì□᩽=□᩽`Br-ÉÐᓄB0Br2±Ðᓄ⏚=᩽+¡Ḅ.ᙠ¦§

10ᵯ¨©ᵨᔣ▢᩽=0H-ᔣ□᩽஺ூ\]௃A.KBrᙠ`eᵯᓄᔠᡂ³´+◀©ᵯ]·᜜=J)Êᵯ]³´+□᩽Ḅ¹ºᱥ=ÒᡂḄÓ2±ᑴᜓ⏚Ḅ+Õᱥ=ᦑA┯kFB.□᩽`B×ᜫÙᵯÅÒᡂBoBQ±Ðᓄ⏚=ᦑB┯kFC.ᵯ]³´+▢□᩽ᙳÒᡂ⏚=lmol±⏚Òᡂlmoi⏚ÚᵯÅ2mol,Imol±Òᡂlmol⏚ÚᵯÅ2mol,᪷|ÚᵯÅÛឤLÝÒᡂlmol⏚ÚᵯÅlmol,NSᑴ¾2moi⏚)=ᳮÁ`᜜ᵯÃ+¬Ä2moiᵯÅ=ᦑC┯kFD.ᵫ`eᑖ᪆L=᩽+¡ḄH+ᙠ᜜ᵯ¨©ᵨᔣ▢᩽=ᓽH+ᔣÆᵯ᩽=ᦑDrsFß`ᡠe=®¯rsḄD⚗=ᦑ2ᫀD஺±ஹ⌱à⚪-á⚪ᐳ8⚪=Ý⚪6ᑖ=ᐳ48ᑖ஺ᙠÝ⚪ãäḄåæ⌱⚗+=ç14;18⚪µᨵ@⚗éᔠ⚪ê⌕ë=ç19;21⚪ᨵì⚗éᔠ⚪ê⌕ë஺ᐰî⌱ïḄ¾6ᑖ=⌱ïð~ᐰḄ¾3ᑖ=ᨵ⌱┯Ḅ¾0ᑖ஺14.᝞m=ᐝòóôõḄö÷øùúûôüý`ḄᢱõPᜐ
ᙠᩚ
•ᩚḄᙠᩚ
⁚Ḅᜳ஺஺ᱥᙽᵫᩚ"#Qᜐ☟&'(ᱥᙽ)*Q#+,P#ᡠᵨḄ/tᜳ9Ḅᜧᨵᐵ஺3ᵫ30஺⌲56ᜧ,60஺ᱥᙽḄ7+/t8:A.⌲56ᜧB.⌲5@C.ᐜ6ᜧ;@D.ᐜ@;6ᜧூ=ᫀ௃Dூᑖ᪆௃ூBC௃DPQḄEFGH3ᵫIJKLMN——gsinOrcos஺2

114Lgsin20N8=45஺/tᨵᨬPᦑR஺*ᵫ30஺⌲56ᜧ,60஺/7+/tᐜ@;6ᜧ஺ᦑ⌱D஺15."VWXᡷ"Z[\]^_`஺᝞bᐜXᡷcdᙌfgXᡷḄhijklᙠ[m,ᯠ;ᵨpqrskḄhtXᡷuWvqWw"xyz஺sJ{|;Xᡷcᐸ~ḄW50r/s,/Xᡷ
FG~1cmᜐḄ#ᔣᜧH8:᜜pV᜜pA.10m/s2B.100m/s2C.1000m/s2D.10000m/s2ூ=ᫀ௃Cூᑖ᪆௃ூBC௃XᡷᙠWJg~co=17in=1OOmad/sᵫᔣa=co2r«1000m/s2ᦑ⌱Co16.hᙳᢚᡂᢥbM(ᙠ[☢ᑁE஺O'Qᙠ[ᩩ
,PO,஺Fᙠ[ᩩ
hᨵḄᵯ¡/,ᵯ¡ᔣ᝞bᡠ஺3[᪷¤▲gᵯ¡//ᡠ¦§Ḅ¨©ᙠFGdᜐḄ¨ª«¬ᜧH8,ᑣb~FGᙳHdḄMஹNh#ᜐḄ¨ª«¬ᜧᑖ¯H8:

12A.Bஹ0B.0ஹ2SC.28ஹ28D.8ஹBூ=ᫀ௃Bூᑖ᪆௃ூBC௃h°ᦔH᝞bᡠhᵫ²³´ᑣNhᑖ¯ᙠMᜐḄ¨ª«¬ᔣHᚖ¶☢ᔣ·ஹᚖ¶☢ᔣ᜜ᦑMᜐḄ¨ª«¬H¸¹hᙠNᜐḄ¨ª«¬ᔣᙳᚖ¶☢ᔣ·ᦑMᜐḄ¨ª«¬H28¹º
ᑖ᪆Bu»஺EO'Q17.᝞b[¼½¾᪶XÀb~ᡠḄ[Áᑡaஹ/⊦;§ᡂÄ´Ḅ½¾᪶Y,ᙠg~(Åyᵯ¾ḄƼᦪH8:

13ூ=ᫀ௃Aூᑖ᪆௃ூBC௃ᵫbᑖ᪆N᪶q«H2ÈX-2ÉY+aÊHe+"eDÀg4|a⊦b|£⊦஺ᵫᵯ₹ᦪÍÎᦪÏឤ238=206+4஺¹92=82+2a—Z?Ca=8,b—6ᦑ(y6¼ᵯ¾ᦑ⌱A஺18.2021Ñ2ᨴ᡻ÔᡃÖ×ØÙÚÛÜḄ“ᜩß[à"ÙÚᘤᙠᡂâãäå|æ×ᑴJ;èᐭIÔᕜëH1.8xl05sḄìᙊîïðñ⍝ñ⍝×Ø⊤☢ḄᨬæFGH2.8x105m஺ôN×ØõöH3.4xl06m,×Ø⊤☢ᜐ÷ᵫøùḄᜧH3.7m/s2,ú/ᜩß[à"Ḅïðñ⍝×Ø⊤☢ḄᨬûFGH8:A.6xl05mB.6xl06mC.6xl07mD.6xl08mூ=ᫀ௃C

14ூᑖ᪆௃ூBC௃üᶍ×Ø÷WᑣGMm=mgজNGM=gR2DH1.8xl05sḄìᙊîïðñ⍝ᕜëḄᙊîñ⍝õöHþᵫÿ
ᔣ
GMm472,T2ᑮR]=R+4ঞᑮR=R+&ট2ᵫᵫᑖ᪆d«6xl07m2ᦑ⌱c஺19.!ᵯ#Ḅ%&☢᝞)ᡠ+,)aஹbஹcஹdஹeᵯ#Ḅ5.,ᑣ0)A.23ᵯ₹5b67ᑮe,ᵯ#
839B.2ᵯ:5஺67ᑮd,ᵯ#
894eVC.bᵯ#;<ᚖ>?@ᡠᙠ%&☢,BᔣᔣCD.aஹbஹcஹdD.,bḄᵯ#;<ᜧFᨬᜧ

15ூIᫀ௃BDூᑖ᪆௃ூLM௃A.ᵫ)N(pb=(peᑣ3ᵯ₹5b67ᑮe,ᵯ#
O89,A┯QRB.ᵫ)N=3V,q)d=7V᪷Tᵯ#
89Uᵯ&VḄWᓄᐵZᨵWad=Ea-Ed=((p-,ᑣfgᵯ#^ᑖh᝞i)ᡠ+ᵫ)jg,bᵯ#^ᨬkl,ᑣbᜐḄ#;ᨬᜧ,D3\஺ᦑ⌱BD஺20.2mnmḄᱥpqrsaḄtu☢vw]u☢ᔣx7஺@ᱥpyx7zḄ7V{,ᔣx72|}~

16ூᑖ᪆௃ூLM௃AC.ᱥp5u☢vwᑮu☢vw᪷T7Vᳮᨵ7E-pimg-21cosa--yk--Ekᱥp5u☢vwᑮu☢⚔w᪷T7Vᳮᨵ-mglsina-pimglcosa=Q-Ek᦮ᳮI-ߟ஻=0.5mgA┯Q,C3\RB.ᱥpᔣix7zḄ᪷Tᨵma=mgsina-RingcosaMga5B3\RD.ᱥpᔣx7zḄ᪷Tᨵma=mgsina+/.imgcosaᱥpᔣix7zḄ᪷Tᨵma=mgsina-jjmgcosavᵫat>aTᵫ?ᓣ¢£Ḅ¤<,ix¢£Ḅ¥<,¦§¢¨©Ḅª«,᪷T¬l=-at22ᑣg2iD┯Q஺ᦑ⌱BCo

1721.ᵫ¨©ᩞᧇḄ¯^°ᡂ²¨©Ḅᵬஹ´µ.3B¶·ᔠ^ᙌ,µ^ᙌḄmn¨%,ºᡠᵨ¯^Ḅ»¼☢½O©,ᵬ^ᙌḄ¾ᦪ¿´Ḅ2À஺Áµ^ᙌᙠÂ>Ã☢ᑁ5©2Å<©zᵫ☟ÇyiÈ,2|zÉᐭ2Bᔣᚖ>?Ë☢Ḅᒴ;Í#ÎÏ,Í#Ḅ²ÑÒÃ,᝞)ᡠ+஺OÓÔÕÖ
,iÈ¢£^ᙌy×ÃØ?Ë☢,ஹi²ÙᢝÒÃ஺ᙠ^ᙌi²ÉᐭÍ#¦²ÉᐭÍ#Û,VgÁḄ¿0Üᵬ□□´XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXA.ᵬÞ´ß67B.ᵬÞ´ß67C.ᵬ67,´67D.ᵬ67,´67ூIᫀ௃ABூᑖ᪆௃ூLM௃^ᙌᑮÍ#ḄÅ<ᡭ,^ᙌḄ²/,ᑣ^ᙌi²âÉᐭÍ#z,ᨵV=y/2^hãäᵯ7&E=nBlvµ^ᙌᩞᧇ¨%0k<᜛°Ü,mn¨©0□Ü,ᑣ᜛஺x4஻/x5ᩞᧇḄᵯÖ᳛P,ᑣ^ᙌᵯÖn4/1/16/l2/2pPnR=p-=------------Smãäᵯé_EmBv1=-=----------R16nlppoêë


18mB2vF=nBll=16▢Üᵫᨵmg-F=maὶíMF"g---=g-mi6m<Þ^ᙌḄ¾ᦪஹ»¼☢½ïᐵ,ᑣᵬÞ´ÉᐭÍ#z,ᐹᨵ¨©Ḅ<஺ñB2VB2VB2Vg>------z,ᵬÞ´ß67,ñ8<-----------z,ᵬÞ´ß67,ñ¦=------16ó஺\6pp°16mzßᒴ஺ᦑ⌱AB,ஹô⌱õ⚪÷ᐳ174ᑖ஺22!32⚪ùὃ⚪,û.ü⚪ὃýßùþÿ஺33~38⚪⌱ὃ⚪ὃ᪷⌕஺(-)ὃ⚪ᐳ129ᑖ஺22.ᙽẈ⊤☢Ḅ!᥅#$ᦪ&'()*ᨵ᪗-ḄẈḄ&./ᙠ123☢45ᡂ&78aḄ9☢(:;sin஺=0.34,cosa=0.94),ᙽ<ᙠ9☢4=>?@᝞BᡠD஺E'(ᵨGHI᤬ᙽḄ?@KLᯠNO+᪆R⚣TUḄBVWX5YZ[\]^◞(`Y^◞AT=0.20s)ᑁᙽb9☢?@Ḅcd$(/=1,2,3,4,5),᝞?⊤ᡠD஺51S2S354S55.87cm7.58cm9.31cm11.02cm12.74cmᵫ⊤hᦪiᜧm/s2,ᙽẈ⊤☢

19Ḅ!᥅#$ᦪ஺klmᙳoᶇ2qᨵᦔᦪstu=>iᜧv9.80m/s2ூᫀ௃প.0.43ফ.0.32ூᑖ᪆௃|O௃
1᪷⌲~ᨵ஻&J+Sj—Gz+Sja—ok2AT'ᐭᦪiᜧa«0.43m/s2ফᙽuᑖ᪆᪷ᨵmgsina-pimgcosa=inaᐭᦪOX஻«0.3223.'(ᵨBkaᡠDᵯḄᱯឋᡠᵨᘤᩞᨵkᵯ2.5V,ᵯ0.3Aᵯ⊤kL300mV,ᑁ300Cᵯ⊤kL300mA,ᑁ0.27஺ᵯRo@!ᘤk0-20஺ᵯR2kᨬᜧ9999.9QᵯEkᵯ!¡6V,ᑁ¢£¤ᐵSஹ§¨©ª஺«ᡂ?ᑡ®

2030஺Ḅᵯ<²⌱³´µ¶ᵯᙠ0~300mAḄU-/¯¨Ro°⌱v.CḄᵯ;k2¹ᔠ¤ᐵ»@!ᘤḄ@ᱏ°½¾ᘤḄk"a"ᡈ"b".;
3ᙠKᵯ⊤ḄᵯÀ^)ᵯᵨḄ½Áᦋ@!ᘤ@ᱏḄq½,Ävᵯ⊤Åᵯ⊤ḄDᦪUஹ/,lm᝞BkbᡠD஺ÇKᵯ⊤Ḅᵯ10mA^,Bbk4ÈXᵯ⊤ÉL^°¾Ê.Ḅᵯ3V,E'(Ë£Ì;°)R2ḄÍ᦮ᯠNÍ⁚@!ᘤᱏ,Xᦪ᝞?⊤ᡠD:U/mV24.046.076.0110.0128.0152.0184.0216.0250.0//mA140.0160.0180.02000220.0240.0260.02800300.0
5ᵫBkbÅ4⊤<;ÑKᵯḄÒ=ᐸÔḄᵯk”Òᜧ""×"ᡈ"¢";k6E'(ØᑮÚ¤ÛÜᐝ^Kᵯ⊤Ḅᵯ160mA,

21᳛᝛=w(oᶇ2qᨵᦔᦪs)ãÇKᵯ⊤Ḅᵯ300mA^Ḅᵯß(oᶇä᦮ᦪ)஺ூᫀ௃(1).10(2).aব.0.7(4).2700(5).Òᜧয.0.074(7).10ூᑖ᪆௃ூ|O௃(1)ᵪ$ᵯ2.5V,ᵯ!¡6V,ᑣ@!@!ᘤ^´oéᵯᐰ◤⌕ᵯᑖìḄᵯU=6V-2.5V=3.5Vᑣᨵᑣ◤⌕µ¶ᙠ0~300mAḄᱯឋ¯¨ᓽî°⌱v10Qã(2)ফ´oïᵯ@!ᘤḄ@ᱏ°½¾ᘤḄ஺.ã(3)বᵫB<;ÇKᵯ⊤Ḅᵯ10mA^ᵯ7mV,ᑣḄᵯ(4)ভᵫ⚪;ᵯ⊤ÉL^°¾Ê.Ḅᵯ3V^ᨵ303R]+&%4=2700Q(5)মᵫB(b)Å⊤ò<;KᵯÒ=BVhó■ᜧᑣÔḄᵯÒᜧ;(6)য᪷⊤ò<;Çᵯ160mA^ᵯ⊤ḄDᦪ46mA,᪷(4)Ḅᑖ᪆<;Þ^Ê.ᵯ0.46A,ᑣÞ^ᵯß᳛W/i=0.46Vx0.16A=0.074W[7]'ᳮ<;ÇKᵯ⊤Ḅᵯ300mA^Ê.ᵯ2.5V,Þ^ᵯß᳛W/2=2.5Vx0.3A=0.75Wᦑᨵ

22Ô&÷TOø0.07424.᝞B&78஺Ḅᐝ@9☢4ᨵ50Y×>ùkBhú«ᐰûü\ý×>ùḄcdᙳd,×>ùḄþiÿ
dmḄLᜐᵫ☟஺!"#ᜫḄ%&'(ᑮ*+Ḅ,ᨵᐵ஺/0123!"3043ᙠ678Ḅ9ᙳ,ᙳ6;஺!"504<=>ᐭ(@☢ᐝCDEḄF9ᙢ☢3HICJK54LM஺(ᙢ☢8Ḅ᥅OPᦪ஻3ST,ᜧg஺1V!"3043W"X+#ᜫḄ%&'
2V!"Y30Ḅ"Z[ᙠX\9ᙳ#ᜫḄ%&'
3]ᙠY30\9ᙳX#ᜫḄ%&'ᜧ
^4X\#ᜫḄ%&'3ᑣL`abcdᩩfgூᑖ᪆௃ூij௃1ᵫ⚪mᙠᐝC@☢\CJ+᪷opqrstᨵmgsin0=mau!"304,vi,ᑮ*31+Ḅ,w3ᑣᨵv-Vv=2adP!"3043ᙠ678Ḅ9ᙳ,ᙳ6;3ᦑ4☢"4Ḅ,(ᑮ*MᙳxyᑘW"X+#ᜫḄ%&'AE=gmv-gmv[

23ὶ<}\ᔜjAE=mgdsin0(2)ᵫ(1)!"504Ḅ,i/i,ᑣᙠF9ᙢ☢\᪷o'sᳮᨵ_/Jingsr0gmv\MCᑮ!"303᪷o'sᳮᨵmg(L+29J)sinὶ\E25.᝞3,ᙳ/Ḅᙽᢱ¢£¤6¥¦38x/,ᢱ¢\¨©PyMᜐ
;F9ª\3ᙠ«F9ªḄ\¬®ᨵ¬ᔣ£¤ᔣMḄᒴ±ᵯ³3ᵯ³±,ᜧ£ᢱ¢8ᨵᚖ¤µ☢ᔣ᜜ஹ¸¹`±,ᜧº⁚Ḅᒴ±¸³஺m,ᵯ₹q(q>0)Ḅ½¾¿ᵯ³[Àᜐ}ᜧWḄ,F9ᔣÁ1Â3ាÄPᜐÂᐭ¸³3ᢱ¢M¨©QyN^8Ÿ³3Æ"Z[½¾Ç(ᢱ¢ÈÉ஺½¾Âᐭ¸³+Ḅ,¬ᔣ(PQḄᜳË60஺3ÌÍS஺(1)V½¾1ÂΦᑮPḄK(2)V¸¹`±,ᜧḄÏÐÒ(3)]½¾ÓÄQNḄ[Ÿ³3V½¾ᙠ¸³[ḄÔÕ(ᢱ¢MNḄᨬ×K஺

24EூØᫀ௃পᗊLফ3½¾ÆÔÕÜj+᪆,qi39—106,44’ூᑖ᪆௃ூij௃1ᵯ½¾ᙠᒴ±ᵯ³[Þß9àÆ3ᵫß9àÆátx=vtজoTᖊঝ½¾Âᐭ¸³+Ḅ,¬ᔣ(PQḄᜳË60஺3ᨵVnttan30°=â=ãঞᓃ%½¾1ÂΦᑮPḄKs=>Jx2+y2টᵫজঝঞটs=ᡂঠ6qE2ᵯ½¾ᙠ¸³Æᙠ,v=%=ডcos30°3ᵯ½¾ᙠ¸³[ÆêëÔÕᑖíQஹ/VÂÅ᝞ᡠï

25pM3a஺\/ஹN/Qo2ᵫðñᐵò,ᨬóô==_1_=õঢm3ncos3003ᨬᜧóôI*ণᵯ½¾ᙠ¸³[ÞᙊᕜÆḄᔣùᵫúûᐻýþ3ᵫᔣùÿ
4=তrᵫডঢণতᜧḄ2mV0?@!ᙠ)%Ḅ/0BᢱDMNḄᨬFGH4I=&sin300+/i

26ᵫথ
26.Ớ(PQ⁐STUVWX)Zᐸᓄᔠᱥ_`ᵨWbcஹeᧇgh☢஺jklᑡn⚪:প12Ḅsᑴᜓhv᝞l2ᡠ4wAgNOFe^Cl32xᓄ◀z{|I}X~▋~~<~ᙍ12জᐭFeᓄḄH!h<,ᡂḄB⏚ᡂ{
ᵨ஺ঝᐭCl?Ḅ¢%£ᓄ¤ᱥ¥ᨵsḄᓄ§h<¨ᱥᵨ©ªn(C12)/n(Fel2)=L5*,£ᓄ¤ᱥ<¨®
¯°±)^³,ᓫµỚḄᦈ᳛¸¹º»¼½஺(2)¾Nai஺w<»ᧇᑴᜓᓃḄhv½wᐜᔣNai஺?V%ᐭÅ©ḄNaHSO,ᡂỚᓄ3ᱥ¨ÊᔣËᔠV%ᐭNai஺?VᑮᓃÍÎᑴᜓLḄÏḄH!h<বKIVÓCuS஺,VËᔠ
ᡂCuiÓLᡂImolhØὑḄKIÚÛ

27÷.48ù.■ûᓫµỚ᪆(ூᑖ᪆௃ூý௃পজᵫþ2
%|Agl,Agl
BFeᡂFebÓAg,Feb᧕
ᙠᦑᐭFeᓄḄ2Agl+Fe=2Ag+Fe^+21',&ᡂḄ()*⏚&ᡂ*⏚(,)-.ᦑ/ᫀ12Agl+Fe=2Ag+Fe2++223AgNO33ঝ8ᐭCl?Ḅ;<2=>ឋ@
Fe2+,Cl2ᐜBᓄ=>ឋ@ḄI',DBᓄEᱥGᨵIJᑣLBᓄEᱥGMNᦑḄᓄOFel2+CL=h+FeCb,DᱥᵨTUnWClX/nWFeIX=1.5\ᓽCl;TᐜBᓄ^ᐰ`2aBᓄFe2\ាdeᐰ`2fFe?+Bᓄ,222ᦑBᓄEᱥbஹFeCb,hnWC12X/nWFel2XiL5ᓽCU;TᱯlmmnḄopq)&ᡂḄᓫsỚuvwxy&Bᓄ=>ᓫsỚḄᦈ᳛q|}ᦑ/ᫀ1Fel+CI=l+FeCI2222;NஹFeCI3b;TḄCl2IBᓄ33ফᐜᔣNai஺?ᐭTḄNaHSCX3,&ᡂỚᓄᱥᓽ2Ḅᱥs3aᔣᔠWIXᐭNaKX3ᑮᓃᑴᜓᓃḄ2EᱥI஺3)HSOy&Bᓄ=>&ᡂSO1fI2,᪷ᜫᵯឤஹᵯ₹ឤvᐗ¢ឤ£¤ᓽ¥12IO3+5HSO3=I+5SO3+3H++HO,ᦑ/ᫀ1222IO3+5HSO-=I+5SO^+3H++HO322বKIfCuSOqᔠ¥&ᡂCuiª«f12,ᓄO4KI+2CuSO4=2CulJ+I2+2K2SO4,D&ᡂlmol12,ᑣ°ὑḄKI²³4mol3ᐭ;TKI,2´µ¶ᜧ¥⌮U+r=I3¤⊝»¼¶ᜧU½µ■¿12ᓣÁᨵᑭ
ÃÄ\■¿ᓫsỚ᪆Æᦑ/ᫀ143■¿ᓫsỚ᪆Æ஺27.ÈẆWCuSO25H2஺X᧕
Ë
Ì⏣஺ÎÏÐᵨÑÒÓÔᯏÖᑮḄCuOWᩖsBᓄØvÙÚX>ᧇ)ÜÝ⏚ᑴᜓÈẆÞßàᐸâᨔḄT஺ä/åᑡç⚪1পᑴᜓÈê\ᵨᑮḄëìíᘤ◀Tðஹ⏀òóஹôᴻöஹ÷ᧅ᜜=úûüᵨḄíᘤᨵWý᪗ÿ஺

28A.B.C.D.2
CuOᐭᑮ〉Ḅ⏚ᐸ⌕Ḅᓄ!"#$,&'(ᵨ*+,-⏚./0!1Ḅ234஺ব6CuO7ᐰ9:;<ᤅ><ᐭ〉H2஺?@ᓾ9ᵨNUJH?஺BpH$3.54,CDElOmin,@ᓾ9FG஺GH᝞JKLMNOஹ@ᓾQᨔஹஹS⏣UVஹ,WᑮXẆ஺ᐸZᑴ\pH$3.54Ḅ]Ḅ4,DElOminḄNᵨ4஺ভQᨔ_`aObcdᵨeḄf$m-ᐭXẆ9gf$m2,ᵨehXẆᐰij$k⁐mncdᘤ@hpq9brstuMNᨬwgfឤa$m3஺᪷zKLᦪzXẆᑖ}Qᨔ_Ḅ~ᦪ$ᑏ⊤#஺মJᑡMNQᨔ_ᦪ]`aḄ4᪗஺জXᐙᑖcdঝᵨmncdᘤ@ᓾঞᨵXẆᩭAூᫀ௃প.AஹCফ.CuO+H2sO4=CUSC4+H2஺3
.¡¢£¤ᓄ¥¡¢¦XẆ§ὑ⏚⏚ᑭᵨ᳛ভ.FGম.cd6
.◀®ᢓᑴ⏚80஻?²³+_´µ.ẚ·¸¤ᓄ®¹º᧕nFG¼.V9
.জঞ9m-m1
3ூᑖ᪆௃ூ¾´௃1
ᑴᜓXẆ᪷z⚪cÁÂÃÄ◤ÆÇ\´ஹFGஹQᨔMNᵨᑮḄKLÈᘤ◀Éஹ⏀ËÌஹÍᴻÏஹÐᧅ᜜ÓÔÕÖᵨḄÈᘤᨵ,AஹC×ᔠ⚪Ùᦑᫀ$OAஹCফCuOᐭᑮ〉Ḅ⏚ᐸ⌕Ḅᓄ!"#$ACUO+HSO4=CUSO4+HO'(ᵨ*+,-⏚¢ᡂ⏚+&£¤ᓄ,_&ÝÞ!22;1./CuOᐭᑮ〉Ḅ⏚ᑴᜓXßḄKL!ᫀᐹᨵḄ234O¡¢£¤ᓄ¥¡¢¦Xߧὑ⏚⏚ᑭᵨ᳛á3
⏚+\ᑴ⏚+ᨔºMNâãᨵஹ@ᓾQᨔஹFGஹS⏣UVஹcdá

29CuOä¤ᓄ®ᩖf

30⏚9æᡂ®ç}$Ö®ᐗé긤ᓄ®æᡂëì7ᐰ◤Zᑴ\pH$3.5í4,⏚ឋï᛻ñÓÃᢓᑴ+ç}¢_´áMNF"Ãò¢ᡂ¸¤ᓄ®¹ºᡠêDElOmin,]Ḅ4ẚ·¸¤ᓄ®¹ºÖᐸëì᧕nFGᦑᫀ$OFGácdá◀®ᢓᑴ⏚+_´áẚ·¸¤ᓄ®¹º᧕nFGáভbcdᙳeḄf$õᐭXẆ9gf$ö2!ᚆehXẆᐰij$k⁐,mncdᘤ@hpq9brstuMNᨬwgfឤa$஻ùoᑣ_Ḅf4(ᵨ2-஻%)g
ᡠẆ(CuSO«nHO)nḄ⊤”51,n=421816080(m3)29('())'80(m,-m,)মজ-.ᐙᑖ12
34ᡠ5m27ᜧ
᪷:(₈<=
ᨬ?@ABCᨔE9(஻%())ᦪIJ7K
Lᔠ⚪OPঝᵨS.TU12ᘤWᓾ
YᑖZ⁐\⏚^@_`Ea`Cᔠbcdᡂf
ABᡠ5m37ᜧ
᪷:n=^L~~F<=
ᨬ?@ABCᨔEᦪIJ7k
lLᔠ⚪OP9(ẑ(஻4)80(m,-mJঞop-ᨔqrᨵᨔqtᙳvwx
@ym3ᦪ7z
᪷:ߟ|<=
ᨬ9(o3-~)?@ABCᨔEᦪIJ7K
Lᔠ⚪OPᡠ
জঞLᔠ⚪O
ᦑᫀজঞ஺28.ᓄᓄoᑴᵬ⏣
ᨵᑭU`qᓄᑡ⚪পᓄoᑴᵬ⏣Ḅ<⊤CO(g)+3H2(g)=CH30H(g)+HO(g)22(¡¢᝞¤¥ᩭ§¨জCO(g)+H(g)=CO(g)+H,O(g)AH,=+41kJ.mol122ঝCO(g)+2H(g)=CH,OH(g)AH=-90kJ.mor'22ḄAH=kJ.mor1P©জ᠒
ᑡO«¬q¨¬®ᓄḄ¯(°᪗²)
ᑨ´Ḅᳮᵫ¯஺

31体体系系能能量量AB.·¸体体系系能能量量C·¸·¸ফᔠᡂᙠ»¼ᱥ11(^12)/11((202)=3r
ᙠl¾ᩩÀᑮÂ⊝
ÄqÅᵬ⏥ᱥÇḄᑖᦪx(CHQH),ᙠt=250࠷Ḅx(CHQH)Épஹᙠp=5xl()5paḄx(CH3()H)~t᝞«ᡠ஺p/l()5Pa(HOCHU)X200210220230240250260270280t/࠷জᵨᔜᱥÇḄÂ⊝ᑖÌ⊤ḄÂ⊝Íᦪ
⊤Kp=Pঝ«ÎÏÌ¢¸ḄÐѯ,ᑨ´Ḅᳮᵫ¯PঞÓx(CHQH)=0.1()r
C஺ÔḄÂ⊝Õᓄ᳛a=,ᩩÀ<¬_ᡈ_஺ூᫀ௃(D.-49(2).Aব.Ü%Ý
AH2ÞA”ß
জḄàᓄ¬ᜧ

32p(H2O>p(CHQH)UঝḄ("p3(H2).pg)ম.bয.AH<0,ᓣKãrÂ⊝ᔣ⌮æᔣçè
ᵬ⏥ḄᱥÇḄᑖᦪ®zé.33.3%(8).5xlO5Pa,210࠷(9).9xlO5Pa,250࠷ூᑖ᪆௃ூë௃(1)ᓄoᑴᵬ⏣Ḅ<⊤CO(g)+3H(g)=CH,OH(g)+HO(g),(¡¢᝞¤¥ᩭ§¨জ222C0(g)+H(g)=CO(g)+HO(g)AH,=+41kJ.mor,,ঝ222CO(g)+2H(g)=CHOH(g)AH=-90kJ.mor',᪷:ìíJî<=
জ+ঝ<ᓄ232oᑴᵬ⏣ḄCO(g)+3H(g)=CHOH(g)+HO(g)2232AH=(+41kJ.mor')+(-90kJ.mol-')=-49kJ.mor'Pðp
ñòdᡂᱥ¬kUᱥ¬
জ᠒
ñòজḄàᓄ¬KUঝ
¾rজḄᱥ¬kUdᡂᱥ¬
ঝḄᱥ¬KUdᡂᱥ¬
ñòO«¬q¨¬®ᓄḄ¯A⚗
ᦑᫀ-49PAPAHiÝ
AH2ÞAHß
জḄàᓄ¬ᜧUঝḄ஺ফজᓄoᑴᵬ⏣ḄCC)2(g)+3H2(g)=CH3OH(g)+H2O(g),ñòᑭᵨp(HO)p(CHOH)23ᔜᱥÇḄÂ⊝ᑖÌ⊤ḄÂ⊝Íᦪ
⊤g=/73(H)-ᦑᫀ:P(CO)22஻(õ0)஻((2ö0÷P3(H)-P(CO)22ঝÝᔣðp
ᓣKãrÂ⊝⌮ᔣçè
qÅxlCH'OH)øz
ñò«ÎÏÌ¢¸ḄÐѯb,ᦑᫀbPÜ
<(),ᓣKãrÂ⊝ᔣ⌮æᔣçè
ᵬ⏣ḄᱥÇḄᑖᦪ®z஺ঞÄ»¼c(CO2)=lmoLn(H2)=3mol,ᑣ

333Hg
+COg
^CHOHúg
+HOúg
2232»¼mol
3100,Õᓄ:mJ3xxx
ÓÂ⊝rxCHQHû9.1஺r
Â⊝mol
3-3x1-xxxxi—mol—\'=0.1,x=-mol,Â⊝rCO2ḄÕᓄ᳛a=3=33.3%P3-3x
+1-x
+x+x3------x100%‘''"Imolᵫ«<=
üýÂ⊝rXúCHQHû4.1OḄᩩÀᨵ5xlO5Pa,210࠷ᡈ9ஹ10þ
250࠷,ᦑᫀ33.3%P5xlOsPa,210࠷P9xlO5Pa,250࠷,29.ÿᱥḄ᪷ᔾᦈ᜜ḄK+஺ᑡ⚪1᜜ḄK+ᐭᱥḄ᪷஺!᪶#ᐳ᪀ᡂ'Ḅ(ᱥ)*+(ᱥḄ,᪀ᱯ./஺2᜜ḄK+0123⍝ᐭᱥḄ᪷஺23⍝/ᵫ_______7ᔠᱥ᪀ᡂḄ+ᐸ:;Ḅᱯ./=>1.ᓽ@஺=3᜜ḄK+ABCD⌮FGHGᐭᱥḄ᪷஺ᙠᨵKᔾᢓᑴᑺḄᩩP+᪷QK+ḄᔾᦈR᳛TU+VW/oூᫀ௃=1.ᐹᨵ\]Ḅ^_ឋফ.CDc=3.dFGᡈ⌱gឋ=4.⌮FGHGᔾᦈK+/h_:;i+◤⌕0l+KᔾᢓᑴᑺmnoKᔾp0+ᦑrh_:;R᳛TUூᑖ᪆௃ᱥ᪷Ḅu᜜ᔾᦈᔜw23xh_:;+\yuUᑮ{h_ᙢᔾᦈᡈ᣸>ᱥc+~(_Ḅ◤⌕+◤⌕ὑ0ஹ◤⌕AB஺ூ௃=1(ᱥḄ,᪀ᱯ./ᐹᨵ\]Ḅ^_ឋ஺=223⍝/ᵫCDc7ᔠᱥ᪀ᡂḄ+\w⍝0ᐜw23+\23ᑣ᧕+ᓽ23⍝ᐹᨵ⌱gឋ஺=3᜜ḄK+ABCD⌮FGHGᐭᱥḄ᪷஺/h_:;i+h_:;◤⌕ὑ0l+Ḅ0lᵫKᔾp+WKᔾᢓᑴᑺmnoQK+ḄᔾᦈR᳛஺ூ.௃⚪ὃᱥQ23Ḅ:;+h_:;Ḅᱯ.#+⌕ὃ(.+ᳮ(ᱥ¡¢£஺30.ᵨ\¥ᵫ¦§ឋ¨©᪗ḄDNAᱏ¥¬]Wᙠ⁐B¯Ḅ¨°஺Ẇ²³ᕒ

34rᵨ¦§ឋ¨©32P᪗Ḅῃ¶·✌¹º⏚dATP,dA-Pa~Pp~Pj#ᩞᧇᑴᜓ'DNAᱏ¥ᵬ=ᓫÁ@+QWWᙠ⁐B¯Ḅ¨°Â'Ẇ²+£Ã^iḄÄÅÆ᝞஺ᑡ⚪:1@ÉẆ²³ᕒᙠᑴᜓ32P᪗ḄDNAᱏ¥ᵬÊ+ᡠᵨdATPḄa¨º⏚ÌḄºÍÎ/"P,VW/஺=2ÉẆ²³ᕒxᩞᧇᑴᜓ'⁐B᪵Ð+ᙠÑᔠÒÓÔÕÖ◀'᪵ÐḄRNAᑖ3+Ö◀RNAᑖ3ḄØḄ/o=3x'rᱏ¥ᵬ01ÙÚ⊡ÜQÝ⁐B᪵ÐḄWW,ᔠ+◤⌕wᜐᳮr᪵ÐḄ⁐BDNA஺4ÉẆ²³ᕒᙠßᡂ¯£ÃḄẠ¯+áQ_ᱥᑁWḄmRNAÂ'ãä+ᙠ£Ãiᵨw⏘Ö◀'᪵ÐḄDNA,æw⏘/஺ூᫀ௃=1.dATPῃÖçv¨¯Ḅèéº⏚Ìê+ᑣx·ëìῃ¶᪶ᵞ⏚+/ᔠᡂDNAḄVᧇÔ\2.■ïRNAᑖ3Ý⁐BDNAḄWWᱏ¥ð(ᩖò3.óভ.DNA⏘ூᑖ᪆௃᪷õ⚪Å+ö32P᪗ḄDNAᑖ3Ý÷ä᪵ḄWWÂÙÚ⊡ÜQ,ùᡂᩖòö+úä>WWᙠ⁐B¯Ḅ¨°஺ூ௃=1dA-Pa~PrpyῃÖáû¨¯Ḅèéº⏚Ìê+ᑣx·ëìῃ¶᪶ᵞ⏚+/ᔠ1ᡂDNAḄVᧇÔ\஺WẆ²³ᕒᙠᑴᜓ32P᪗ḄDNAᱏ¥ᵬÊ+ᡠᵨdATPḄa¨º⏚ÌḄºÍÎ/32p஺2RNAᑖ3üÝ⁐BDNAÂÙÚ⊡ÜQ+ý(ᩖòö+uþ᡾32P᪗
ḄDNAᱏᵬ⁐DNAḄᩖᦑ◀RNAᑖ■RNAᑖ⁐DNAḄWᱏᩖ஺3DNAᑖḄᓫᱏ!"32P᪗
ḄDNAᱏᵬ#$%&⊡()ᦑ◤⌕,᪵./Ḅ⁐DNA஺4DNA⏘1DNAᑖ23◀4᪵./ḄDNA஺

35ூ78௃:⚪ὃ=>?7/)DNA@┐BḄCᵨὃ◤⌕EFDNA@┐ḄGᳮIJḄ:KL!"⚪஺31.ᣓNOPQᱥSPQᱥTNḄUV"Wᙠ᝱Z[/O\Nᱥ]^Ḅ஺_`aᑡc⚪d1ᙠeᯠg/ᣓNὅPijklᡠᨵḄoᱥpᔛᣵsPUV)ᣓNὅḄtuO`v17ᓽx஺2
☘₝{|{}OPᩩNᱥ஺᪷᪍)"W]^ẆḄᡂᑖ᪆sᩩNᱥ"W]^Ḅᱯ7O஺3
᪍ஹ₝Gஹஹ᝱Z[OḄ᝱Z[᪍ᐵ᝱Z["W]^ᱯ7ḄẆᡂO__________᝱Z[TẆ)VvḄ஺ூ`ᫀ௃1
.eᨵNᱥBa2
.ᓫᔣ]^⌲¡⌴£ব.¦§¨©xூᑖ᪆௃1ஹQªᐵZᒹ¬®ஹᣓNஹ&ᑭᐳ±²dᣓNdPQᱥSPQᱥJTNᱥd®d³Qᡈ³Qᱥµ&®¶·¸±¹ª®Ḅº⊤UTµ&ᢓᑴᨵ¾⊤UTP¿ᓰÁÂSP¿ᜐÄÂÅÆÇÈɲdPQᱥ²ὅx²ÊSPQᱥ²ËxḄᑁᡈ⊤᤬βËḄÏᑖÐᢝÒÉ&ᑭᐳd³QᱥᐳÓÒᙠPÔµ&ÕÖ×ᨵᑭ஺2ஹ᝱Z[/"WḄØᐭஹÚ⌴ஹÛᓄ±ᦣᜫḄKLßT᝱Z[Ḅ"W]^஺ூà௃1
ᙠeᯠg/ᣓNὅPijklᡠᨵḄoᱥpᔛᣵᣓNὅᡠᔛᣵḄᜧâOãᣓNὅ/äὁஹæçᡈäèḄéêëÔᑮ4í#QîïḄJᵨ)ᣓNὅ3ðjkñòᨵoᱥᣓN3óôBaÉ2
"Wᙠ᝱Z[/O\Nᱥ]^Ḅ"W]^OᓫᔣḄj⌮Ûöj"÷ø]^ᙠ]^KL/⌲¡⌴£"WÚ⌴ᦔ᳛Piᙠ10%-20%3
᪍ᐵ᝱Z["W]^ᱯ7ḄẆᡂO)Péº᪀µ)üᓫḄᜩᯠPP¦§¨©Ḅ"W]^#$4þWᑖ᪆ᨬ
ᱯ஺ூ௃⚪ὃᱥḄᐵᣓஹḄᱯ◤⌕"#ᦟᩞ&Ḅ'Ạ)*+,ᑭ.⚪◤⌕/0Ḅ⚪ὃ1234⁚6᪍89Ẇ;Ḅ<=>᝱@A

36᧕D"E)*஺32.IᱥḄឋKᨵḄᵫ1O'PQᑴᨵḄᵫSO'PQᑴ஺2TUVWXḄYZᨵ[\Y]ᐰ_Y`aᨵba]ca஺d1Ẇ;YZ]`aef3ឋKḄ⍡hᱯijᵨ'PlmnḄᵬpqr4WXtuvwxᐸ&ᵬ]qIzᙳ⊤}d[\Yca஺ᩖwx`⊤wxঝ&Fi
F«2wxFiF2[\Yba[\YcaজᵬXp/1/4ᐰ_Ybaᐰ_Yca9/16[\Yba,M6[\YcaঝqXr[\Yba᜛16ᐰ_Yba1/16ᐰ_Ycaᑡ⚪:1᪷wxজᑨe2OOឋKḄ⍡hᙳᔠᑖ£¤¥ᑨḄ¦<஺᪷wxঝᑨe2OOឋK&Ḅ§ឋឋK<஺2ᵬpqr&¨©ᩖᔠV<஺3wxঝḄF2&ªᔠVᡠᓰḄ®d»4Ꮇ᝞wxঝḄF2&[\Yba6[\Yca6ᐰ_Yba6ᐰ_Ycam<96363:1,²<456156361,ᑣYZ]`aef3ឋK&ᵫ1Oµ¶'PQᑴḄ<,ᑨḄ¦<஺ூᫀ௃1.'PlmnḄf3ᩖFiᑖ¸@¹[\Y6ᐰ_Y=161,ba6ca=161,»OOឋK`¼ᔠ½Ḅ`¾¿e2OOឋKḄ⍡hᙳᔠᑖ£¤¥2.[\Y]ba3.ᵬ]p4.5.`aয.F&ba6c2a=48:16=361,¾¿Â2Oµ¶'PQᑴூᑖ᪆௃ᑖ᪆⚪⊤wxঝ&h
F2,Fiᐰd[\YbaF2}ᐰ_Y]caÅƽ[\YOᐰ_Yd§ឋᐵ'PᵨA]a⊤ÉbaOcad§ឋᐵ'PᵨB]b⊤ÉÌF}963636lo2ூÏ.௃1wxজ&Fi⊤}d[\Yba[\Ycaᐰ_Ybaᐰ_Ycaᑖ¸@¹fOOឋK[\Y6ᐰ_Y=161,ba6ca=1:1,»OOឋK

37`¼ᔠ½Ḅ`¾¿e2OOឋKḄ⍡hᙳᔠᑖ£¤¥Ð᪷wxঝFiᐰd[\YbaF2}ᐰ_Y]caÅƽ[\YOᐰ_Yd§ឋbaOcad§ឋÐ(2)᪷Ñ)ᩩÓᵬpqrḄ'Plmnᐸ&ᵬ]qIzᙳ⊤}d[\YcawxজᩖḄFi`ÔÕ©½wxঝḄF2}9636361,ᑣFiḄ'PldAaBb,ÖᔠÆ)ᵬḄ'PldAabb,pḄ'PldaaBb,qḄ'PldAAbb,rḄ'PldaaBB,ᵬpqr&¨©ᩖᔠVḄ<ᵬ]pÐ(3)wxঝḄFz&ªᔠV'Pld1/16AABB,l/16AAbb,"16aaBB,1/16aabb,ᡠᨵªᔠVᓰḄ®dÐ(4)Ꮇ᝞wxঝḄF2&[\Yba6[\Yca6ᐰ_Yba6ᐰ_Yca=456156361,ᑖ¸@¹fOOឋK[\Y6ᐰ_Y=60:4=1561,Æ)YZÂfOµ¶'PQᑴba6ca=48616=361,Æ)`aÂ2Oµ¶'PQᑴ஺ூ௃⚪ὃ'PḄᑖ£¤¥]ᵫjᔠ¤¥2Ø◤⌕᪷tÙ`ᑖ᪆Ù'PlÚ᪷ᩖ`ᑨ<ᔲᔠᑖ£¤¥]ᵫjᔠ¤¥ὃ⍡hwx&ᑖ᪆ܹÝÞ஺(-)⌱ὃ⚪6ᐳ45ᑖ஺ãὃä2⍝ᱥᳮ⚪ஹ2⍝ᓄè⚪ஹ2⍝ᱥ⚪&»éê⌱2⚪ë஺᝞`Sìᑣ»èéᢥᡠìḄî2⚪¹ᑖ஺33.[ᱥᳮ22⌱ð3-3](15ᑖ)(1)᝞ñ2¤ḄᳮòóVôᔊḄf3mnö÷ᑖ¸ᵫVø-ù(U-t)ñúḄfᩩûüτ]n⊤É3]gᑖ¸dfûüÜþÿ
Ḅᙶ᪗toḄ
Ḅᙶ᪗toḄ
Ḅᙶ᪗fo=-273.15࠷aஹbIḄ
஺ᵫᙠ᝱஺!bḄ"#$%&=ᙠ᝱b!cḄ"#$%PbPi,Pc

38ூᑖ᪆௃ூ-.௃
1᪷01ᔧ⃬456ᨵf+273᦮ᳮ:V=K+273Zᵫ;<->?(Mt)AIB"ᑣ஺ஹbD
"#EBᑣᨵF=1Pi,ফH=0CIJ<ᓃᐸ"#P1,J<ᓃᐸ"#஺2,᪷0B>NᓄᑣᨵPM=P2ᓃᵫ;I!IIᔜDᩩB"ᑣᨵPx=PbPl=PcὶS.:&=T=11PcP2K(2)᝞VWXᵫYZ[\ᨵ5]Ḅᳮ^X_Ḅ◞abᑖAஹBDcᑖdeIAஹBḄ<ᙳV,"#ᙳB;ᜧ"po,◞ahᨵ"ijkᘤ!mᑴhoJ◞aDp"#qrsO.5poI◞atuvwᔲᑣ◞ayz{w஺>?e|}ᢝ-VN஺ᔣ᠒wYZBḄ<஺(i)AḄ

39ூᫀ௃পV=OAV,p=2p.(ii)%'=(1)V,=PoAB0ூᑖ᪆௃ூ-.௃(DBᑖ᪆B>Nᓄ᪷0ὡ56ᨵp(y=p^vB.:PB=2PoAᑖ᪆᪷0ὡ56ᨵp(y=PAVAPA=PB+°5POὶS.:ᓃ=0.4V(ii)YZᔣ᠒ᑮdeoᎷH◞awᑣAḄ<஺ᵫὡ526:3POV=P'X-KᑣA¤¥¦Ḅ"#,2§NᓄᨵP°V=PMp

40ᓃ'=-1
V34.¶ᱥᳮ⌱¹3-4º»15ᑖ¾»1¾᝞ᓫ⁐ᐝÂᢚÄ᳛0=1.5ஹÇ?d=10.0cmḄËᴻa⊤☢Äᐭ஺ÐÑÒXḄᐝÓ3xl»¾8m/s,ᑣÙᓫ⁐ᐝᙠËᴻaᑁjÛḄÓ?m/s;ᡠᨵÝḄᐭÄÞÙᓫ⁐ᐝßsËᴻaᡠᵨI_tḄáâäs

41:ὅ#$%⊝'(Ḅ'*ᜧ+,-ஹᔣ,.஺<=ᙠh(fi>0),?@A'A஺B(i)ChDE?@BᨬG⌕IJKL'AM(ii)h?@B#$%⊝'(Ḅ'*஺ூOᫀ௃(i)0.8sM(ii)-0.5cmூᑖ᪆௃ூUV௃(i)Wᜧ20cm,ᡠYḄᕜ[2T=->1.0svᵫ⚪^=Ḅᕜ[_T=2`=1.2sḄA=vT=24cmᙠᓃ(ti>0),?@A'A஺WABb$+cdBᑮAᨬfg_AḄAJhᡠYCtiDE?@B/0ᑮAᡠ◤⌕ḄᨬGL4=j=0kV(ii)ᙠh(h>0),ᵫ⚪l^=2mnḄoᦪ_ᐔ,ஹy=cos—x(cm)h?@B#$%⊝'(Ḅ'*ᑍy=cos—(cm)=-0.5cmB35.qᓄsc⌱u3vᱥ?x᪀zឋ?|(15ᑖ)ᡃsẆḄᐰᳫ✌ᝅᓟᔴ□ᧇᔠᡂ⚗nᙢ"᝱□ᐝ"ᑜ஺⚗J□ᵯᵯV¡ᑴ£¤¥ᵨ§⌱¨ឋ©ᓄᑺ«¬ᓄ®`£ᔠᡂᵬ⏣஺±O²ᑡ´⚪v(I)□ᵯµ¶·⌕ᩞᧇᓫᨔấᡈKᨔấ஺SiḄ½ᵯ¾¿Ḅᵯ¾᣸ÁMᓫᨔấḄᨔÂÃÄ஺SiCl4_ÅƧÇấḄÈÉÂᐸËSi¥ÌḄᩖᓄÃÄ

42«SiCl4^Å¡V1ÓÔᳮ᝞²:ØsஹpஹdÛ⍝ḄᩖᓄÃÄᨵ:জdsp2ஹঝsp3dஹঞsp3d2,ËLÂSiCl4âH2஺äËSi¥ÌḄᩖᓄÃÄâå᪗çä஺â2äC02ᑖ¾Ëèᙠd஺éêdᐔé஺â3äᵬ⏣Ḅì@â64.7࠷äï¡â100࠷äêᵬñ⏣âCHSH,7.6࠷äòLᐸóW_஺3â4äᡃsôõ§⌱¨ឋḄ¬ᓄ®`£ᔠᡂᵬ⏣Ḅ©ᓄᑺᐸöᡂZnO/Zr"ûüÂ஺ýZrO2ᨔþ᝞mᡠÿ஺ZᙠᨔḄᦪ,ᨔᦪapmஹapmஹcpm,ᨔg-cm-3ᑏ⊤"#$஺ᙠZrCh(ᩖ*+Zr஺,-ᡂḄ/ᓄᑺ2ᓄ3#4⊤5ZnxZrmOy,ᑣ;=ᵨx⊤"$஺0otZrூ?ᫀ௃1$.3s23P22$.GᨔᐳIᨔ$ব.sp3ভ.ঝম.26$.27$.ᵬQ⏣ST-ᡂᑖVWX2YZ[ᵬ\ᙳT2^Z_ᵬ`ḄWXab.84x91+8x16(9).(10).2-xa2cx^xlO-30A

43ூᑖ᪆௃ூij௃পl᝱SiGḄ᪶᜜ᵯ᣸r#Is22s22P63s23P2,stSiḄIᵯuḄᵯ᣸#3s23P2vᨔấSiGxSiGyVz{ᐳIX|}~ᔠ2᦮ᙽᨔḄ4-4x1ᐳIX~᪀2stᨔấGᨔvSiCl4SiGIuᵯᦪ4+------------=4,2stSiGsp3ᩖᓄvᵫ42SiCL(H20)SiGḄ6Xᦪ5,SiGḄᩖᓄ⍝ᦪ5,ᵫt4SiGḄᩖᓄsp3d,ᦑ?ᫀ3s23P2vGᨔ(ᐳIᨔ);sp3vঝv(2)CO2Ḅ~᪀#஺=C=஺21Xᨵ16X[1nX2st1C02ᑖᨵ25X[2nX2ᦑ?ᫀ2v2vবᵬ⏣ᑖyV[ZᑖyVᙠWX2st¡SᑖVWXḄᵬQ⏣2ᵬ⏣ᑖyVWXḄ¢£¤¡ZᑖyVWXḄ¢£2stᵬ⏣Ḅ¥¡Z[ᵬQ\yV2ᦑ?ᫀᵬQ⏣ST-ᡂᑖVWX2YZ[ᵬ⏣ᙳT2^Z_ᵬ⏣ḄWXavভ¦ᨔ§¨☢ªZr4+«2¬ᨔxZ/+®¯ᨬ±^²³Ḅ-ᦪ4,¬ᳮ4§¨ᨔᨵ4UxZF+|®2stZᙠᨔḄᦪ4+4=8v1ᨔ4molx9lg/mol+8molx16g/molᨵ4ZrO¸¹21ᨔḄº+m=----------------------------------------------------!1ᨔḄ»2%^(axlo10cm)x(axl010cm)x(cxl010cm)=a2cxlO-30cm3,stᨔ4x91+8x16m4x91+8x16=a2cx^xlO_30g,Cm3vᙠZrO2(ᩖ*+ZrO,-ᡂḄ/ᓄᑺ,Aa2cxlO-3Ocm3ᓄ3#4⊤5ZnxZrmO”ᐸZnᐗÁ+2I2Zr+4I2஺ᐗÁ-2I2᪷Ãᓄᔠᱥ4x91+8x16ᓄᔠI஺42x+4x(l-x)=2y,jÅy=2-x,ᦑ?ᫀ*-ᙠÆv2-xoacxNRX1U36.ூᓄ3—⌱É5ᨵÊᓄ3lẠÌ(15ᑖ)±Íᩭ2¦ᜧÐÁ(ᓄᔠᱥC)Ñ⌕ᡂᑖᜧÐÓÔÕÖᐸ×Øᱥ2sᐸᐹᨵÚÛḄØᳮÜឋYᜓßᐵá஺ᜧÐÁḄᔠᡂÖᐸ×ØᓄḄâãäåæ᝞è

44é?èᑡë⚪(1)AḄᓄ3íî஺(2)1molDïðØᡂEñ*◤⌕molWó஺বᑏEôõöâ÷øTùḄíî«ভᵫEØᡂFḄᓄ3ûü#oমᵫGØᡂHᑖöýþÿ
1)ᙠ⏚ᓄᓄᔠᱥḄᡂ
ᑣ
2)Ḅ
oযᓄᔠᱥBḄᑖ᪀!"ᑡᩩ%Ḅᨵ((᪗*)஺a.-.Ḅ/ஹ1b.2-34(-0-0-)C.᪶6ᐳ89:;<=>?@?☢BC3221A.2DB.3DC.4DD.5DE᪷GHIJKḄLᐵNOPQRS⌕Uᧇᵨ2X3YZḄ
[\ᔠᡂ]ᨵ^ᱥᑏ`ᔠᡂJK஺ூbᫀ௃প.g.hi(ᡈ1,3-.hi)(2).2(3).lm/41m(nᑏo

45-yo—c—CH30H3C-C-O.IX+HO(5).{|
20—c—CH3-0i^sOtஹ(6).C(7).,}___>—~~,0Ht(t஺)2஺u஺஺0HA(g.hi)B([)C00H)
sூᑖ᪆௃ᵫᔠᡂJK]xN,H0/]||ᡂc(11p⏚hᵬlrslᓄ
sᡂoOH

469rsᡂ
sᡂrs
sᡂF,FᐜᓄᡂᓄᔠᱥG,Gᙠ⏚ᓄᓄᔠᱥḄᡂ
ᯠrslḄsᡂH,Gᑖ᪆b஺পA,ᓄg.hiᡈ1,3-.hiᦑbᫀ:g.hiᡈ1,3-.hi;

47IIHsC-C-O^^O,pp¥4¦1m§rUUCxi]isᡂ
ᡠPImolD
sᡂE¡◤⌕2moi9ᦑbᫀ2¨0HC-C-O^/^O33E{IJII,-ᨵḄ-©ªḄஹ᜛0—C—CI53lm⏚41mnᑏo£ᦑbᫀlm⏚4,1mnᑏo£¨0HC-C-O^^O3Q¥,rs
sC]«0HC-C-03ᡂ,ᓄ¬®0So—g—CHUUC1I30H3C-2-0^0TsOHPhMe'4o—c—CH3

48+H2O,ᦑbᫀ:TsOHPhMe+`0¨(5)ᵫGsᡂHᑖoZ´µ
1)ᙠ⏚ᓄᓄᔠᱥḄᡂ
ᑣ
2)·lmsᡂ¸m
{|
ᦑbᫀ{|
;COOHযᓄᔠᱥBᑖ᪀!"ᑡᩩHO%.-.Ḅ/ஹ1¨b.2-34(-0-0-)¨C.᪶6ᐳ89:;<=>?@?☢BC3221,¼½/ᡈ1¾@-ᨵᵬm᪷G⌕¿xPᑏ`HOOH，OOC——CH!3H00H

49HOOHᦑᨵ4£bᫀC¨EPQRS⌕Uᧇᵨ2X3YZḄ
[\ᔠᡂ]ᨵ^ᱥxP·QRᙠm-CPBAḄÀᵨsᡂᓄᔠᱥᓄᔠᱥᙠ⏚ᓄrsᡂ
ᯠÁp⏚hᵬlrs37.sᱥÂÂ⌱Ä1sᱥᢈÆÇÈ
15ᑖ⏘Ê⊟Ìᢣ-ᨵ⏘ᑴᑺḄÊ⊟Ì஺ÐÑ3ÇÒCÓÔ£Ê⊟ÌḄÕᦔ×"+"ÙÚ⊤<Õᦔ×ÙÜÇÒÝ×Þ⊤஺ß⏘Ê⊟Ìà⏘Ê⊟ÌA⏘Ê⊟ÌB⏘Ê⊟Ìcá⊈Õ++++++++ãÕ++++++++᪷GÇÒÝ×äbᑡå⚪1⏘Ê⊟ÌAçḄ⏘¨⏘Ê⊟ÌBçḄ⏘¨⏘Ê⊟ÌCçḄ⏘..2⊤2èᵨéÊê⇷ìíᱥḄÊ⊟Ìᨵ,Uî஺3Làéß⏘Ê⊟Ì⏘Ê⊟ÌÕᦔ×ÜUî஺4ᐵé⏘Ḅᵨ◀H☢ðᑮḄ⏘Ê⊟Ì᜜óôᓄ⏘õᙠsöÇÈ÷ᑮᵨ᝞óôᓄℍ⃔û᪀⏘üýᵨéþ×ûÿ
஺ᓄ⏘ᢈᢣ=ᓄ⏘ᙠ
ᵨḄ1ᓽ.

50ூᫀ௃প.!"⏘ফ.ᾦ%⏘ব.!"⏘'ᾦ%⏘ভ.)⏘*⊟,A')⏘*⊟,C5
.⇷./ᱥḄ1⌕ᡂᑖ!"5678!"⏘9ᓄ:;য.⏘=>ᜧᑖ@ᨵBᱥᑖ;CDᑖ@ᨵBᱥ6Dᑖ@ᨵBᱥ᧕FG:6HI>JKL*MᱥᑖN7
.ᑭᵨᱥᳮᡈᓄRST>⏘ᙠUVWᑁḄᢈY.ᙠZ[\Ḅ⏘=8]^ᑭᵨ6_`
ᡂaᡈ
ᱥb᧕ᑖc6de
fḄ
g'5g6ᡈᓄ⏘hឋj6ᢝlmᢵoᵨூᑖ᪆௃)⏘*⊟,ᢣqᨵ⏘ᑴᑺḄ*⊟,6tuvᵨḄ⏘ᑴᑺᨵwxy!"⏘ஹᾦ%⏘ஹ{,⏘'|}~⏘஺ᐸ6ᵨᨬஹᦔᨬḄឋ!"⏘'ឋᾦ%⏘஺ឋ!"⏘>⊈Kஹ᝘Kqᨵᜧᑖ@!"5:;ᡂFឋḄ⏚ᡈDᑖ@Ḅ6Jb᧕H⊟ᱥ\ῃ஺ூ;௃1
H⊤6)⏘*⊟,A⊈KḄ*Mᦔ᯿Ḅ⏘*⊟,ᦔj6I⊈Kqᨵᜧᑖ@!"566)⏘*⊟,A¡)Ḅ⏘!"⏘6¢ᳮ6)⏘*⊟,B¡)Ḅ⏘ᾦ%⏘£)⏘*⊟,C⊈K'¤KḄ*Mᦔ⏘*⊟,j6¤Kᨵᾦ%66)⏦*⊟,C¡)Ḅ⏘!"⏋'ᾦ%⏘஺2
⇷./ᱥᨵ!"566⊤§¨ᵨG*M⇷./ᱥḄ*⊟,ᨵ)⏘*⊟,Aஹ)⏘*⊟,C,©⇷./ᱥ1⌕ᡂᑖ!"5678!"⏘9ᓄ:;஺3
ªᑖ᪆6«G⏘*⊟,6)⏘*⊟,¬KᦔjḄ©y⏘=>ᜧᑖ@ᨵBᱥᑖ;CDᑖ@ᨵBᱥ6Dᑖ@ᨵBᱥ᧕FG:6HI>JKL*MᱥᑖN஺4
ᓄ⏘ᢈᢣᑭᵨᱥᳮᡈᓄRST>⏘ᙠUVWᑁḄᢈ6⏘L]ᱥ®¯6°L
ᱥᑖc6ᡠ=ᙠZ[\Ḅ⏘²=8]^ᑭᵨ஺ᡠ=ᓄ⏘ᙠ
ᵨḄy_`
ᡂaᡈ
ᱥb᧕ᑖc6de
fḄ
g'5g6ᡈᓄ⏦hឋj6ᢝlmᢵoᵨ஺ூ³௃a⚪ὃ¶)⏘*⊟,ஹ⏘Ḅᓄ«ᐵ¸6¹º»D6;a⚪Ḅᐵ¼½)⏘*⊟,L¾¿*⊟,¬J©ᳮḄÀ¢6=Áᓄ⏘ᢈḄᵨÂ'஺38ÃᱥUU⌱Å3ÆÇᱥÈᢈÉ⚪Ê15ᑖPCRᢈᵨGËÌḄÍ©ÎÏÐ஺CÏÐÍÑᔲÓÔÕÖ×Í©Î6ØÙÚÕ«ᐵÛoyজᑖ᪆PCR᡽ÞߣঝHÍÑ/᪵adâDNAঞᑭᵨPCR᡽ÞDNAᱏå£টçèÍÑ/᪵a஺éêᑡì⚪y1í⌕îᑮð½ḄÏÐß6ð½ḄÛoñòóᵨᦪõòö⊤÷஺

51
2ÛoঞᵨḄ⏘oPCR]ḄøùúûᑖCüឋஹ^ឋஹýþ6ᐸ^ឋḄß஺3CÕÿ
ḄPCRᡠᵨḄᱥᱯឋᔠ஺4PCR⏘ᢈᢣ஺ᢈ"#$%&ᙢᵨ()*+,☢஺ூ/ᫀ௃প.টঝঞজফ.Taq⏘9:;DNAᔠ⏘
3.<=
4.Taq⏘>ᱥ?@ABC⊡Ḅᔠᡂম.GᩩᓫDNA
6.J⚗ᙠMᱥN᜜Pᑴᱯ;DNAᱏSḄ᪶⏚ᔠᡂᢈூᑖ᪆௃PCRJ⚗ᙠMᱥN᜜Pᑴᱯ;DNAᱏSḄ᪶⏚ᔠᡂᢈ஺XYZJᢈ[\ᙠ]^_ᑁᜧb᡽d"Ḅef஺ᑭᵨPCRᢈ᡽d"ḄefḄ#h⌕ᨵJSkl"ḄefḄ᪶ᵞ⏚nᑡ\p᪷rZJnᑡᔠᡂᱥ஺ூst௃1PCRᢈ[ᵨ(uvḄ*wxyz{⌕|ᑮ
Ḅyz~
Ḅnট*᪵ঝ>*᪵hDNAঞᑭᵨPCR᡽dDNAᱏSজᑖ᪆PCR᡽d~஺
2ᙠᵨPCRᢈ᡽dDNA^DNAḄPᑴYᑁDNAḄPᑴঞᵨḄ⏘Taq⏘9:;DNAᔠ⏘PCRḄ[ᑖឋஹPឋஹ<=ᐸPឋḄ~Taq⏘>ᱥ?@ABC⊡Ḅᔠᡂ஺3DNAPᑴ◤⌕ᱥ
ḄPCRᡠᵨḄᱥGᩩᓫDNAᱯឋᔠ஺4rᑖ᪆[lPCR⏘ᢈᢣJ⚗ᙠMᱥN᜜Pᑴᱯ;DNAᱏSḄ᪶⏚ᔠᡂᢈ஺ᢈ"#$%&ᙢᵨ()*+,☢஺ூ¡௃⚪ὃ¤PCRᢈ¥ᵨ¦§¨©t/⚪Ḅᐵ«¬PCRᢈḄwᳮᐹNY\¥ᙠuv*wxyzḄᵨ஺