2020年职称英语理工类（A级）模拟试卷五,职称英语(理工类),职称英语

《2020年职称英语理工类（A级）模拟试卷五,职称英语(理工类),职称英语》由会员上传分享，免费在线阅读，更多相关内容在教育资源-天天文库。

2020
ᳮAᔁ,
ᳮ,
1⚪⚪ᑖ:ᢥ⁚ᑖḄ⚪ஹ⚪⌱⚗Thecountryisabundantinnaturalresources.{A}.rich{B}.colorful{C}.mysteriou{D}.scarce123ᫀ5A,2⚪⚪ᑖ5ᢥ⁚ᑖḄ⚪ஹ⚪⌱⚗Thedentisthasdecidedtoextractyourbadtooth.{A}.takeout{B}.repair{C}.pull{D}.dig123ᫀ5A,3⚪⚪ᑖ5ᢥ⁚ᑖḄ⚪ஹ⚪⌱⚗

1Theconfidentcandidateissurelytowintheelection.{A}.self-employed{B}.self-assured{C}.self-important{D}.self-centered123ᫀ5B,4⚪⚪ᑖ5ᢥ⁚ᑖḄ⚪ஹ⚪>⌱⚗>Theseprogramsareofimmensevaluetopregnantwomen.{A}.natural{B}.tiny{C}.fatal{D}.enormous123ᫀ5D,5⚪⚪ᑖ5ᢥ⁚ᑖḄ⚪ஹ⚪>⌱⚗>Yoursuitcaseisratherheavy,whathaveyougotinit?{A}.portable{B}.tangible{C}.weighty{D}.dumb123ᫀ5C,

26⚪⚪ᑖ5ᢥ⁚ᑖḄ⚪ஹ⚪⌱⚗Sheachievedsuccesswithdiligence.{A}.reached{B}.reaped{C}.attained{D}.took123ᫀ5C,7⚪⚪ᑖ5ᢥ⁚ᑖḄ⚪ஹ⚪⌱⚗Youwillinsultherifyoudon'tgotoherparty.{A}.hurt{B}.humiliate{C}.esteem{D}.escort123ᫀ5B,8⚪⚪ᑖ:ᢥ⁚ᑖḄ⚪ஹ⚪⌱⚗Thousandsofpeopleperishedintheearthquake.{A}.scattered{B}.floated{C}.suffered

3{D}.died123ᫀ:D,9⚪⚪ᑖ:ᢥ⁚ᑖḄ⚪ஹ⚪⌱⚗Youshouldhaveblendedthebutterwiththesugarthoroughlybeforeyouheatedthem.{A}.spread{B}.mixed{C}.beate{D}.covered123ᫀ5B,10⚪⚪ᑖ:ᢥ⁚ᑖḄ⚪ஹ⚪⌱⚗Mosteconomistsagreethatnationsgainbytradingwithoneanother.{A}.rely{B}.work{C}.prove{D}.profit123ᫀ5D,H⚪⚪ᑖ:ᢥ⁚ᑖḄ⚪ஹ⚪>⌱⚗>

4Thedirectorproposedthatweshouldstopthemeeting.{A}.stated{B}.declared{C}.suggested{D}.announced123ᫀ5C,12⚪⚪ᑖ:ᢥ⁚ᑖḄ⚪ஹ⚪⌱⚗Theuseofwrongmedicinemaypresentahazardtothepatients.{A}.protectio{B}.indicatio{C}.immunity{D}.danger123ᫀ5D,13⚪⚪ᑖ:ᢥ⁚ᑖḄ⚪ஹ⚪⌱⚗Ourholidayplansarestillrathervague.{A}.distinct{B}.definite{C}.vivid{D}.obscure123ᫀ5D,

514⚪⚪ᑖ5ᢥ⁚ᑖḄ⚪ஹ⚪⌱⚗Theair-conditionersaretestedfordefectsbeforeleavingthefactory.{A}.part{B}.function{C}.fault{D}.motions123ᫀ5C,15⚪⚪ᑖ5ᢥ⁚ᑖḄ⚪ஹ⚪⌱⚗Shewassoangrythatshebegantoshout.{A}.unhappy{B}.furiou{C}.upset{D}.depressed123ᫀ5B,16⚪Mᓫ⚗⌱O⚪PMQ⚪1.70ᑖP⚪ᑖ5ᢥ⁚ᑖḄ⚪ஹ⚪ᭆSᜧUVWᡂYZToSurviveortoVanish1.0ver3.6billionyearsago,thefirstcreaturewasbornintheworld.Sincethen,theearthstarteditserawithlife.The

6historyoflifeonearthhasbeenahistoryofinteractionbetweenlivingthingsandtheirsurroundings.Toalargeextent,thephysicalformandthehabitsoftheearth'svegetationanditsanimallifehavebeenmoldedbytheenvironment.Consideringthewholespanofearthlytime,theoppositeeffect,inwhichlifeactuallymodifiesitssurroundings,hasbeenrelativelyslight.Onlyinthepresentcenturyhasonespecies[manacquiredsignificantpowertoalterthenatureofhisworld.2.Duringthepast25years,thispowerhasnotonlybecomeincreasinglygreatbutithaschangedincharacter.Themostalarmingofallman'sassaultsupontheenvironmentisthecontaminationofair,earth,rivers,andseawithdangerousandevenlethalmaterials.Thispollutionisforthemostpartirrecoverab1e.Inthisnowuniversalcontaminationoftheenvironment,chemicalsarethesinisterpartnersofradiationinchangingtheverynatureoftheworldtheverynatureofitslife.Chemicalssprayedoncroplandsorforestsorgardenslielonginsoil,enteringintolivingorganisms,passingfromonetoanotherinachainofpoisoninganddeath.Ortheypassmysteriouslybyundergroundstreamsuntiltheyemergeand

7combineintonewformsthatkillvegetation,sickencattle,andworkunknownharmonthosewhodrinkfromoncepurewells."Mancanhardlyevenrecognizethedevilsofhisowncreation,"asascientisthassaid.3..Hundredsofmillionsofyearshavepassedbeforetheglobeproducedthelifethatnowinhabitstheearth.Giventimenotinyearsbutinmillennialifeadjusts,andabalancehasbeenreached.Butinthemodernworldthereisnotime.4.Thequickstepsofchangefollowstheimpetuouspaceofmanratherthanthedeliberatepaceofnature.Radiationisnowtheunnaturalcreationofman'stamperingwiththeatom.Thechemicalsarethesyntheticcreationsofman'sinventivemind,havingnocounterpartsinnature.5.Tosurvivethesechemicalswouldrequirenotmerelytheyearsofoneman'slifebutthelifeofgenerations.Andeventhis,wereitbysomemiraclepossible,wouldbefutile,forthenewchemicalscomefromourlaboratoriesinanendlessstream\almostfivehundredannuallyfindtheirwayintoactualuseintheUnitedStatesalone.Amongthemaremanythatareusedinman'swaragainstnature.Sincethemidl940'sover200basicchemicalshavebeencreatedforuseinkilling

8insects,weeds,andotherorganismsdescribedas"pests".6.Itisnotmycontentionthatchemicalinsecticidesmustneverheused.Idocontendthatwehaveputpoisonousandbiologicallypotentchemicalsindiscriminatelyintothehandsofpersonslargelyorwhollyignorantoftheirpotentialsforharm.Wehavesubjectedenormousnumbersofpeopletocontactwiththesepoisons,withouttheirconsentandoftenwithouttheirknowledge.Icontend,furthermore,thatwehaveallowedthesechemicalstobeusedwithlittleornoadvanceinvestigationoftheireffectonsoil.water,wildlife,andmanhimself.Futuregenerationsareunlikelytoforgiveourlackofconcernfortheintegrityofthenaturalworldthatsupportsalllife.Paragraph6{A}.Manshouldbecautiousinchemicaluse.{B}.Ittakesgenerationsformankindtoadaptthemselvestothechemicals.{C}.Chemicalsarehuman'sinventio{D}.Human'spowerincreasesandhaschangeditscharacterinthepastquartercentury.{E}.Thenewchangeintherelationshipbetweenearthanditscreature[human'spowerplayingagreaterroleinchangingthe

9wor1d{F}.Modernworldgivesnotimefornaturetoadjusttohuman.123ᫀ5A,17⚪Mᓫ⚗⌱O⚪PMQ⚪1.70ᑖP⚪ᑖ5ᢥ⁚ᑖḄ⚪ஹ⚪>ᭆSᜧUVWᡂYZ>ToSurviveortoVanish1.0ver3.6billionyearsago,thefirstcreaturewasbornintheworld.Sincethen,theearthstarteditserawithlife.Thehistoryoflifeonearthhasbeenahistoryofinteractionbetweenlivingthingsandtheirsurroundings.Toalargeextent,thephysicalformandthehabitsoftheearth'svegetationanditsanimallifehavebeenmoldedbytheenvironment.Consideringthewholespanofearthlytime,theoppositeeffect,inwhichlifeactuallymodifiesitssurroundings,hasbeenrelativelyslight.Onlyinthepresentcenturyhasonespecies[manacquiredsignificantpowertoalterthenatureofhisworld.2.Duringthepast25years,thispowerhasnotonlybecomeincreasinglygreatbutithaschangedincharacter.Themostalarmingofallman'sassaultsupontheenvironmentisthecontaminationofair,earth,rivers,andseawithdangerousandevenlethalmaterials.Thispollutionisforthemostpartirrecoverable.Inthisnowuniversal

10contaminationoftheenvironment,chemicalsarethesinisterpartnersofradiationinchangingtheverynatureoftheworldtheverynatureofitslife.Chemicalssprayedoncroplandsorforestsorgardenslielonginsoil,enteringintolivingorganisms,passingfromonetoanotherinachainofpoisoninganddeath.Ortheypassmysteriouslybyundergroundstreamsuntiltheyemergeandcombineintonewformsthatkillvegetation,sickencattle,andworkunknownharmonthosewhodrinkfromoncepurewells."Mancanhardlyevenrecognizethedevilsofhisowncreation,"asascientisthassaid.3.Hundredsofmillionsofyearshavepassedbeforetheglobeproducedthelifethatnowinhabitstheearth.Giventimenotinyearsbutinmillennialifeadjusts,andabalancehasbeenreached.Butinthemodernworldthereisnotime.4.Thequickstepsofchangefollowstheimpetuouspaceofmanratherthanthedeliberatepaceofnature.Radiationisnowtheunnaturalcreationofman'stamperingwiththeatom.Thechemicalsarethesyntheticcreationsofman'sinventivemind,havingnocounterpartsinnature.5.Tosurvivethesechemicalswouldrequirenotmerelytheyearsofoneman'slifebutthelifeofgenerations.Andeventhis,wereitbysomemiraclepossible,wouldbefutile,forthenewchemicalscomefromourlaboratoriesinanendless

11stream\almostfivehundredannuallyfindtheirwayintoactualuseintheUnitedStatesalone.Amongthemaremanythatareusedinman'swaragainstnature.Sincethemid1940'sover200basicchemicalshavebeencreatedforuseinkillinginsects,weeds,andotherorganismsdescribedas"pests".6.Itisnotmycontentionthatchemicalinsecticidesmustneverheused.Idocontendthatwehaveputpoisonousandbiologicallypotentchemicalsindiscriminatelyintothehandsofpersonslargelyorwhollyignorantoftheirpotentialsforharm.Wehavesubjectedenormousnumbersofpeopletocontactwiththesepoisons,withouttheirconsentandoftenwithouttheirknowledge.Icontend,furthermore,thatwehaveallowedthesechemicalstobeusedwithlittleornoadvanceinvestigationoftheireffectonsoil,water,wildlife,andmanhimself.Futuregenerationsareunlikelytoforgiveourlackofconcernfortheintegrityofthenaturalworldthatsupportsalllife.Theeffectoflifemodifyingitssurroundingshasbeen.{A}.man'stamper!ngwiththeatom{B}.enormousnumbersofpeopletocontactwiththesepoison{C}.theintegrityofthenaturalworldthatsupportsalllife{D}.inventive

12{E}.irrecoverable{F}.relativelyslight123ᫀ5F,18⚪Mᓫ⚗⌱O⚪PMQ⚪1.70ᑖP⚪ᑖ5ᢥ⁚ᑖḄ⚪ஹ⚪ᭆSᜧUVWᡂYZToSurviveortoVanishl.Over3.6billionyearsago,thefirstcreaturewasbornintheworld.Sincethen,theearthstarteditserawithlife.Thehistoryoflifeonearthhasbeenahistoryofinteractionbetweenlivingthingsandtheirsurroundings.Toalargeextent,thephysicalformandthehabitsoftheearth'svegetationanditsanimallifehavebeenmoldedbytheenvironment.Consideringthewholespanofearthlytime,theoppositeeffect,inwhichlifeactuallymodifiesitssurroundings,hasbeenrelativelyslight.Onlyinthepresentcenturyhasonespecies[manacquiredsignificantpowertoalterthenatureofhisworld.2.Duringthepast25years,thispowerhasnotonlybecomeincreasinglygreatbutithaschangedincharacter.Themostalarmingofallman'sassaultsupontheenvironmentisthecontaminationofair,earth,rivers,andseawithdangerousandevenlethalmaterials.Thispollutionisforthemostpartirrecoverable.Inthisnow

13universalcontaminationoftheenvironment,chemicalsarethesinisterpartnersofradiationinchangingtheverynatureoftheworldtheverynatureofitslife.Chemicalssprayedoncroplandsorforestsorgardenslielonginsoil,enteringintolivingorganisms,passingfromonetoanotherinachainofpoisoninganddeath.Ortheypassmysteriouslybyundergroundstreamsuntiltheyemergeandcombineintonewformsthatkillvegetation,sickencattle,andworkunknownharmonthosewhodrinkfromoncepurewells."Mancanhardlyevenrecognizethedevilsofhisowncreation,"asascientisthassaid.3.Hundredsofmillionsofyearshavepassedbeforetheglobeproducedthelifethatnowinhabitstheearth.Giventimenotinyearsbutinmillennialifeadjusts,andabalancehasbeenreached.Butinthemodernworldthereisnotime.4.Thequickstepsofchangefollowstheimpetuouspaceofmanratherthanthedeliberatepaceofnature.Radiationisnowtheunnaturalcreationofman'stamperingwiththeatom.Thechemicalsarethesyntheticcreationsofman'sinventivemind,havingnocounterpartsinnature.5.Tosurvivethesechemicalswouldrequirenotmerelytheyearsofoneman'slifebutthelifeofgenerations.Andeventhis,wereitbysomemiraclepossible,wouldbefutile,forthenewchemicalscomefromourlaboratoriesinanendless

14stream\almostfivehundredannuallyfindtheirwayintoactualuseintheUnitedStatesalone.Amongthemaremanythatareusedinman'swaragainstnature.Sincethemid1940'sover200basicchemicalshavebeencreatedforuseinkillinginsects,weeds,andotherorganismsdescribedas"pests".6.Itisnotmycontentionthatchemicalinsecticidesmustneverheused.Idocontendthatwehaveputpoisonousandbiologicallypotentchemicalsindiscriminatelyintothehandsofpersonslargelyorwhollyignorantoftheirpotentialsforharm.Wehavesubjectedenormousnumbersofpeopletocontactwiththesepoisons,withouttheirconsentandoftenwithouttheirknowledge.Icontend,furthermore,thatwehaveallowedthesechemicalstobeusedwithlittleornoadvanceinvestigationoftheireffectonsoil,water,wiIdlife,andmanhimself.Futuregenerationsareunlikelytoforgiveourlackofconcernfortheintegrityofthenaturalworldthatsupportsalllife.Human'spollutiononnatureisforthemostpart.{A}.man'stamperingwiththeatom{B}.enormousnumbersofpeopletocontactwiththesepoison{C}.theintegrityofthenaturalworldthatsupportsalllife

15{D}.inventive{E}.irrecoverable{F}.relativelysiight123ᫀ5E,19⚪Mᓫ⚗⌱O⚪PMQ⚪1.70ᑖP⚪ᑖ5ᢥ⁚ᑖḄ⚪ஹ⚪ுᭆSᜧUVWᡂYZToSurviveortoVanishl.Over3.6billionyearsago,thefirstcreaturewasbornintheworld.Sincethen,theearthstarteditserawithlife.Thehistoryoflifeonearthhasbeenahistoryofinteractionbetweenlivingthingsandtheirsurroundings.Toalargeextent,thephysicalformandthehabitsoftheearth'svegetationanditsanimallifehavebeenmoldedbytheenvironment.Consideringthewholespanofearthlytime,theoppositeeffect,inwhichlifeactuallymodifiesitssurroundings,hasbeenrelativelyslight.Onlyinthepresentcenturyhasonespecies[manacquiredsignificantpowertoalterthenatureofhisworld.2.Duringthepast25years,thispowerhasnotonlybecomeincreasinglygreatbutithaschangedincharacter.Themostalarmingofallman'sassaultsupontheenvironmentisthecontaminationofair,earth,rivers,andseawithdangerousandevenlethal

16materials.Thispollutionisforthemostpartirrecoverable.Inthisnowuniversalcontaminationoftheenvironment,chemicalsarethesinisterpartnersofradiationinchangingtheverynatureoftheworldtheverynatureofitslife.Chemicalssprayedoncroplandsorforestsorgardenslielonginsoil,enteringintolivingorganisms,passingfromonetoanotherinachainofpoisoninganddeath.Ortheypassmysteriouslybyundergroundstreamsuntiltheyemergeandcombineintonewformsthatkillvegetation,sickencattle,andworkunknownharmonthosewhodrinkfromoncepurewells."Mancanhardlyevenrecognizethedevilsofhisowncreation,"asascientisthassaid.3.Hundredsofmillionsofyearshavepassedbeforetheglobeproducedthelifethatnowinhabitstheearth.Giventimenotinyearsbutinmillennialifeadjusts,andabalancehasbeenreached.Butinthemodernworldthereisnotime.4.Thequickstepsofchangefollowstheimpetuouspaceofmanratherthanthedeliberatepaceofnature.Radiationisnowtheunnaturalcreationofman'stamperingwiththeatom.Thechemicalsarethesyntheticcreationsofman'sinventivemind,havingnocounterpartsinnature.5.Tosurvivethesechemicalswouldrequirenotmerelytheyearsofoneman'slifebutthelifeof

17generations.Andeventhis,wereitbysomemiraclepossible,wouldbefutile,forthenewchemicalscomefromourlaboratoriesinanendlessstream\almostfivehundredannuallyfindtheirwayintoactualuseintheUnitedStatesalone.Amongthemaremanythatareusedinman'swaragainstnature.Sincethemid1940'sover200basicchemicalshavebeencreatedforuseinkillinginsects,weeds,andotherorganismsdescribedas"pests".6.Itisnotmycontentionthatchemicalinsecticidesmustneverheused.Idocontendthatwehaveputpoisonousandbiologicallypotentchemicalsindiscriminatelyintothehandsofpersonslargelyorwhollyignorantoftheirpotentialsforharm.Wehavesubjectedenormousnumbersofpeopletocontactwiththesepoisons,withouttheirconsentandoftenwithouttheirknowledge.Icontend,furthermore,thatwehaveallowedthesechemicalstobeusedwithlittleornoadvanceinvestigationoftheireffectonsoil,water,wildlife,andmanhimself.Futuregenerationsareunlikelytoforgiveourlackofconcernfortheintegrityofthenaturalworldthatsupportsalllife.Radiationisnowtheunnaturalcreationof.{A}.man'stamperingwiththeatom

18{B}.enormousnumbersofpeopletocontactwiththesepoison{C}.theintegrityofthenaturalworldthatsupportsalllife{D}.inventive{E}.irrecoverable{F}.relativelysiight123ᫀ5A,20⚪Mᓫ⚗⌱O⚪PMQ⚪1.70ᑖP⚪ᑖ5ᢥ⁚ᑖḄ⚪ஹ⚪ᭆSᜧUVWᡂYZToSurviveortoVanish1.Over3.6billionyearsago,thefirstcreaturewasbornintheworld.Sincethen,theearthstarteditserawithlife.Thehistoryoflifeonearthhasbeenahistoryofinteractionbetweenlivingthingsandtheirsurroundings.Toalargeextent,thephysicalformandthehabitsoftheearth'svegetationanditsanimallifehavebeenmoldedbytheenvironment.Consideringthewholespanofearthlytime,theoppositeeffect,inwhichlifeactuallymodifiesitssurroundings,hasbeenrelativelyslight.Onlyinthepresentcenturyhasonespecies[manacquiredsignificantpowertoalterthenatureofhisworld.2.Duringthepast25years,thispowerhasnotonlybecomeincreasinglygreatbutithaschangedincharacter.Themostalarmingofall

19man'sassaultsupontheenvironmentisthecontaminationofair,earth,rivers,andseawithdangerousandevenlethalmaterials.Thispollutionisforthemostpartirrecoverable.Inthisnowuniversalcontaminationoftheenvironment,chemicalsarethesinisterpartnersofradiationinchangingtheverynatureoftheworldtheverynatureofitslife.Chemicalssprayedoncroplandsorforestsorgardenslielonginsoil,enteringintolivingorganisms,passingfromonetoanotherinachainofpoisoninganddeath.Ortheypassmysteriouslybyundergroundstreamsuntiltheyemergeandcombineintonewformsthatkillvegetation,sickencattle,andworkunknownharmonthosewhodrinkfromoncepurewells.Mancanhardlyevenrecognizethedevilsofhisowncreation,"asascientisthassaid.3.Hundredsofmillionsofyearshavepassedbeforetheglobeproducedthelifethatnowinhabitstheearth.Giventimenotinyearsbutinmillennialifeadjusts,andabalancehasbeenreached.Butinthemodernworldthereisnotime.4.Thequickstepsofchangefollowstheimpetuouspaceofmanratherthanthedeliberatepaceofnature.Radiationisnowtheunnaturalcreationofman'stamperingwiththeatom.Thechemicalsarethesyntheticcreationsofman'sinventivemind,havingnocounterpartsin

20nature.5.Tosurvivethesechemicalswouldrequirenotmerelytheyearsofoneman'slifebutthelifeofgenerations.Andeventhis,wereitbysomemiraclepossible,wouldbefutile,forthenewchemicalscomefromourlaboratoriesinanendlessstream\almostfivehundredannuallyfindtheirwayintoactualuseintheUnitedStatesalone.Amongthemaremanythatareusedinman'swaragainstnature.Sincethemid1940'sover200basicchemicalshavebeencreatedforuseinkillinginsects,weeds,andotherorganismsdescribedas"pests".6.Itisnotmycontentionthatchemicalinsecticidesmustneverheused.Idocontendthatwehaveputpoisonousandbiologicallypotentchemicalsindiscriminatelyintothehandsofpersonslargelyorwhollyignorantoftheirpotentialsforharm.Wehavesubjectedenormousnumbersofpeopletocontactwiththesepoisons,withouttheirconsentandoftenwithouttheirknowledge.Icontend,furthermore,thatwehaveallowedthesechemicalstobeusedwithlittleornoadvanceinvestigationoftheireffectonsoil.water,wildlife,andmanhimself.Futuregenerationsareunlikelytoforgiveourlackofconcernfortheintegrityofthenaturalworldthatsupportsalllife.Futuregenerationsareunlikelytoforgiveourlackofconcernfor.

21{A}.man'stamperingwiththeatom{B}.enormousnumbersofpeopletocontactwiththesepoison{C}.theintegrityofthenaturalworldthatsupportsalllife{D}.inventive{E}.irrecoverable{F}.relativelysiight123ᫀ5C,21⚪Mᓫ⚗⌱O⚪PMQ⚪1.70ᑖP⚪ᑖ5ᢥ⁚ᑖḄ⚪ஹ⚪▅^ᳮ`TheAgeofbeingBulliedandItsEffectTheageatwhichkidsfirstfallvictimtobullyingMabPcouldinfluencehowstronglytheyareaffected,suggestsanewstudy.And,surprisingly,itisnottheyoungestkidswhoarehurtthemostinthelongterm.Bullyingcanhavelong-lastingeffects,butparticularlywhenitbeginsinadolescenceM☘᧡eP,theresearcherssay.Peoplesubjectedtoeitheroralorphysicalbullyingareknowntobeatgreaterriskfordevelopingdepression,anxietydisordersortobehaveviolently.Butnoteveryonereactsinthisway.Childrenbulliedforthefirsttimebeforetheiradolescenceseemtogetoverit,butthosewhoarevictimizedforthefirsttimelateon

22inadolescenceseemtobecomemoreaggressiveoraremorelikelytoturntodrinkasameansofcoping.ThesearetheconclusionsofpsychologistMatthewNewmanandhiscolleaguesfromtheUniversityofTexasatAustin,U.S.Theteamgavequestionnairestonearly1,500collegestudentsregardingtheirexperienceofphysicalandpsychologicalbullyingbeforeadolescence[beforehighschool[andinlateadolescence[athighschool.Theyassessedmoodandmentalstate,judgingbysignsofanxietyordepression,suchassleeplessness.Thegroupwasalsoquestionedabouthowtheywouldreacttocertainchallenges,suchasbeingembarrassedorprovoked.Peoplewhowerebulliedallrevealedslightlyhigherlevelsofstress.Butwhilethosebulliedearlierinlifeseemedtorespondnormallytoprovocation,peoplebulliedforthefirsttimelateinadolescencearemorewithdrawnandsensitivetoviolence.Thebestsolutionwasstrongsocialsupport,whetherfromfriends,familyorschool.Thosewithnoonetosharetheirproblemsweresufferedthemost.Soperhapsitisbestnottoshelterchildrencompletelyfrombullyingearlyon,suggestsNewman."Theymaygetstressed,butunhealthycopingreallyjumpsoutwhentheyarebulliedforthefirsttimelateron."The

23effectsarelikelytoberelatedtothedevelopingstresshormonesystem,whichmaturesduringadolescence,heconcludes.Studiesshowabnormalstressresponsesinadultanimalsthatexperiencesocialstressoraggressionfromotheranimalsduringadolescence.Accordingtothestudy,theageatwhichbullyingbeginsisrelatedto.{A}.howintenseitsinfluenceis{B}.howlongitsinfluencelasts{C}.howmuchitinfluencesadolescent{D}.howitsinfluencecanbeeliminated123ᫀ5A,22⚪Mᓫ⚗⌱O⚪PMQ⚪1.70ᑖP⚪ᑖ5ᢥ⁚ᑖḄ⚪ஹ⚪▅^ᳮ`TheAgeofbeingBulliedandItsEffectTheageatwhichkidsfirstfallvictimtobullyingMabPcouldinfluencehowstronglytheyareaffected,suggestsanewstudy.And,surprisingly,itisnottheyoungestkidswhoarehurtthemostinthelongterm.Bullyingcanhavelong-lastingeffects,butparticularlywhenitbeginsinadolescenceM☘᧡eP,theresearcherssay.

24Peoplesubjectedtoeitheroralorphysicalbullyingareknowntobeatgreaterriskfordevelopingdepression,anxietydisordersortobehaveviolently.Butnoteveryonereactsinthisway.Childrenbulliedforthefirsttimebeforetheiradolescenceseemtogetoverit,butthosewhoarevictimizedforthefirsttimelateoninadolescenceseemtobecomemoreaggressiveoraremorelikelytoturntodrinkasameansofcoping.ThesearetheconclusionsofpsychologistMatthewNewmanandhiscolleaguesfromtheUniversityofTexasatAustin,U.S.Theteamgavequestionnairestonearlyl,500collegestudentsregardingtheirexperienceofphysicalandpsychologicalbullyingbeforeadolescence[beforehighschool[andinlateadolescence[athighschool.Theyassessedmoodandmentalstate,judgingbysignsofanxietyordepression,suchassleeplessness.Thegroupwasalsoquestionedabouthowtheywouldreacttocertainchallenges,suchasbeingembarrassedorprovoked.Peoplewhowerebulliedallrevealedsiightlyhigherlevelsofstress.Butwhilethosebulliedearlierinlifeseemedtorespondnormallytoprovocation,peoplebulliedforthefirsttimelateinadolescencearemorewithdrawnandsensitivetoviolence.Thebestsolutionwasstrongsocialsupport,whetherfrom

25friends,familyorschool.Thosewithnoonetosharetheirproblemsweresufferedthemost.Soperhapsitisbestnottoshelterchildrencompletelyfrombullyingearlyon,suggestsNewman."Theymaygetstressed,butunhealthycopingreallyjumpsoutwhentheyarebulliedforthefirsttimelateron."Theeffectsarelikelytoberelatedtothedevelopingstresshormonesystem,whichmaturesduringadolescence,heconcludes.Studiesshowabnormalstressresponsesinadultanimalsthatexperiencesocialstressoraggressionfromotheranimalsduringadolescence.Thel,500collegestudentsinvolvedinthestudywereaskedhowtheywoulddealwith.{A}.sleeplessnes{B}.depressionandanxiety{C}.embarrassmentandprovocatio{D}.moodandmentalstate123ᫀ5C,23⚪Mfg⚗⌱O⚪PMQ⚪1.70ᑖP⚪ᑖ5ᢥ⁚ᑖḄ⚪ஹ⚪▅^ᳮ`TheAgeofbeingBulliedandItsEffectTheageatwhichkidsfirstfallvictimtobullyingMabPcouldinfluencehowstronglytheyareaffected,suggestsa

26newstudy.And,surprisingly,itisnottheyoungestkidswhoarehurtthemostinthelongterm.Bullyingcanhavelong-lastingeffects,butparticularlywhenitbeginsinadolescenceM☘᧡eP,theresearcherssay.long-lastingeffects,butparticularlywhenitbeginsinadolescenceM☘᧡eP,theresearcherssay.Peoplesubjectedtoeitheroralorphysicalbullyingareknowntobeatgreaterriskfordevelopingdepression,anxietydisordersortobehaveviolently.Butnoteveryonereactsinthisway.Childrenbulliedforthefirsttimebeforetheiradolescenceseemtogetoverit,butthosewhoarevictimizedforthefirsttimelateoninadolescenceseemtobecomemoreaggressiveoraremorelikelytoturntodrinkasameansofcoping.ThesearetheconclusionsofpsychologistMatthewNewmanandhiscolleaguesfromtheUniversityofTexasatAustin,U.S.Theteamgavequestionnairestonearly1,500collegestudentsregardingtheirexperienceofphysicalandpsychologicalbullyingbeforeadolescence[beforehighschool[andiniateadolescence[athighschool.Theyassessedmoodandmentalstate,judgingbysignsofanxietyordepression,suchassleeplessness.Thegroupwasalsoquestionedabouthowtheywouldreacttocertainchallenges,suchasbeingembarrassedor

27provoked.Peoplewhowerebulliedallrevealedsiightlyhigherlevelsofstress.Butwhilethosebulliedearlierinlifeseemedtorespondnormallytoprovocation,peoplebulliedforthefirsttimelateinadolescencearemorewithdrawnandsensitivetoviolence.Thebestsolutionwasstrongsocialsupport,whetherfromfriends,familyorschool.Thosewithnoonetosharetheirproblemsweresufferedthemost.Soperhapsitisbestnottoshelterchildrencompletelyfrombullyingearlyon,suggestsNewman."Theymaygetstressed,butunhealthycopingreallyjumpsoutwhentheyarebulliedforthefirsttimelateron."Theeffectsarelikelytoberelatedtothedevelopingstresshormonesystem,whichmaturesduringadolescence,heconcludes.Studiesshowabnormalstressresponsesinadultanimalsthatexperiencesocialstressoraggressionfromotheranimalsduringadolescence.Accordingtothestudy,thecollegestudentswhowerefirstbulliedbeforeadolescencewould.{A}.forgetaboutthebullying{B}.revealsomelevelofstres{C}.facechallengesbravely{D}.seldomprovokeothers

28123ᫀ5B,24⚪Mfg⚗⌱O⚪PMQ⚪1.70ᑖP⚪ᑖ:ᢥ⁚ᑖḄ⚪ஹ⚪▅^ᳮ`TheAgeofbeingBulliedandItsEffectTheageatwhichkidsfirstfallvictimtobullyingMabPcouldinfluencehowstronglytheyareaffected,suggestsanewstudy.And,surprisingly,itisnottheyoungestkidswhoarehurtthemostinthelongterm.Bullyingcanhavelong-lastingeffects,butparticularlywhenitbeginsinadolescenceM☘᧡eP,theresearcherssay.Peoplesubjectedtoeitheroralorphysicalbullyingareknowntobeatgreaterriskfordevelopingdepression,anxietydisordersortobehaveviolently.Butnoteveryonereactsinthisway.Childrenbulliedforthefirsttimebeforetheiradolescenceseemtogetoverit,butthosewhoarevictimizedforthefirsttimelateoninadolescenceseemtobecomemoreaggressiveoraremorelikelytoturntodrinkasameansofcoping.ThesearetheconclusionsofpsychologistMatthewNewmanandhiscolleaguesfromtheUniversityofTexasatAustin,U.S.Theteamgavequestionnairestonearly1,500collegestudentsregardingtheirexperienceofphysicalandpsychologicalbullyingbeforeadolescence[beforehighschool[andinlate

29adolescenceathighschool.Theyassessedmoodandmentalstate,judgingbysignsofanxietyordepression,suchassleeplessness.Thegroupwasalsoquestionedabouthowtheywouldreacttocertainchallenges,suchasbeingembarrassedorprovoked.Peoplewhowerebulliedallrevealedslightlyhigherlevelsofstress.Butwhilethosebulliedearlierinlifeseemedtorespondnormallytoprovocation,peoplebulliedforthefirsttimelateinadolescencearemorewithdrawnandsensitivetoviolence.Thebestsolutionwasstrongsocialsupport,whetherfromfriends,familyorschool.Thosewithnoonetosharetheirproblemsweresufferedthemost.Soperhapsitisbestnottoshelterchildrencompletelyfrombullyingearlyon,suggestsNewman."Theymaygetstressed,butunhealthycopingreallyjumpsoutwhentheyarebulliedforthefirsttimelateron."Theeffectsarelikelytoberelatedtothedevelopingstresshormonesystem,whichmaturesduringadolescence,heconcludes.Studiesshowabnormalstressresponsesinadultanimalsthatexperiencesocialstressoraggressionfromotheranimalsduringadolescence.Theauthormostprobablyagreesthat,whenachiIdfallsvictimtobullying,hisparentsshould.

30{A}.helpandcomforthimrightaway{B}.notshelterhimcompletelyfromit{C}.waituntilhisstresshormonesystemmature{D}.notinterfereinuntilthechildwantstoshare123ᫀ5A,25⚪Mfg⚗⌱O⚪PMQ⚪1.70ᑖP⚪ᑖ5ᢥ⁚ᑖḄ⚪ஹ⚪▅^ᳮ`TheAgeofbeingBulliedandItsEffectTheageatwhichkidsfirstfallvictimtobullyingMabPcouldinfluencehowstronglytheyareaffected,suggestsanewstudy.And,surprisingly,itisnottheyoungestkidswhoarehurtthemostinthelongterm.Bullyingcanhavelong-lastingeffects,butparticularlywhenitbeginsinadolescenceM☘᧡eP,theresearcherssay.Peoplesubjectedtoeitheroralorphysicalbullyingareknowntobeatgreaterriskfordevelopingdepression,anxietydisordersortobehaveviolently.Butnoteveryonereactsinthisway.Childrenbulliedforthefirsttimebeforetheiradolescenceseemtogetoverit,butthosewhoarevictimizedforthefirsttimelateoninadolescenceseemtobecomemoreaggressiveoraremore

31likelytoturntodrinkasameansofcoping.ThesearetheconclusionsofpsychologistMatthewNewmanandhiscolleaguesfromtheUniversityofTexasatAustin,U.S.Theteamgavequestionnairestonearly1,500collegestudentsregardingtheirexperienceofphysicalandpsychologicalbullyingbeforeadolescence[beforehighschool[andinlateadolescence[athighschool.Theyassessedmoodandmentalstate,judgingbysignsofanxietyordepression,suchassleeplessness.Thegroupwasalsoquestionedabouthowtheywou1dreacttocertainchallenges,suchasbeingembarrassedorprovoked.Peoplewhowerebulliedallrevealedslightlyhigherlevelsofstress.Butwhilethosebulliedearlierinlifeseemedtorespondnormallytoprovocation,peoplebulliedforthefirsttimelateinadolescencearemorewithdrawnandsensitivetoviolence.Thebestsolutionwasstrongsocialsupport,whetherfromfriends,familyorschool.Thosewithnoonetosharetheirproblemsweresufferedthemost.Soperhapsitisbestnottoshelterchildrencompletelyfrombullyingearlyon,suggestsNewman."Theymaygetstressed,butunhealthycopingreallyjumpsoutwhentheyarebulliedforthefirsttimelateron."Theeffectsarelikelytoberelatedtothedevelopingstresshormonesystem,whichmaturesduringadolescence,he

32concludes.Studiesshowabnormalstressresponsesinadultanimalsthatexperiencesocialstressoraggressionfromotheranimalsduringadolescence.AccordingtoNewman,whypeoplebulliedforthefirsttimeinadolescencesuffermost?{A}.Theirstresshormonesystemisfullydevelopedthen.{B}.Theirparentsmistakenlyshelterthemfrombullying.{C}.Theyusuallylacksocialsupport.{D}.Theydonotturntopropersolutions.123ᫀ5A,25⚪Mfg⚗⌱O⚪PMQ⚪1.70ᑖP⚪ᑖ:ᢥ⁚ᑖḄ⚪ஹ⚪▅^ᳮ`TheAgeofbeingBulliedandItsEffectTheageatwhichkidsfirstfallvictimtobullyingMabPcouldinfluencehowstronglytheyareaffected,suggestsanewstudy.And,surprisingly,itisnottheyoungestkidswhoarehurtthemostinthelongterm.Bullyingcanhavelong-lastingeffects,butparticularlywhenitbeginsinadolescenceM☘᧡eP,theresearcherssay.Peoplesubjectedtoeitheroralorphysicalbullyingareknowntobeatgreaterriskfordevelopingdepression,anxietydisordersortobehave

33violently.Butnoteveryonereactsinthisway.Childrenbulliedforthefirsttimebeforetheiradolescenceseemtogetoverit,butthosewhoarevictimizedforthefirsttimelateoninadolescenceseemtobecomemoreaggressiveoraremorelikelytoturntodrinkasameansofcoping.ThesearetheconclusionsofpsychologistMatthewNewmanandhiscolleaguesfromtheUniversityofTexasatAustin,U.S.Theteamgavequestionnairestonearly1,500collegestudentsregardingtheirexperienceofphysicalandpsychologicalbullyingbeforeadolescence[beforehighschool-andinlateadolescence[athighschool.Theyassessedmoodandmentalstate,judgingbysignsofanxietyordepression,suchassleeplessness.Thegroupwasalsoquestionedabouthowtheywouldreacttocertainchallenges,suchasbeingembarrassedorprovoked.Peoplewhowerebulliedallrevealedslightlyhigherlevelsofstress.Butwhilethosebulliedearlierinlifeseemedtorespondnormallytoprovocation,peoplebulliedforthefirsttimelateinadolescencearemorewithdrawnandsensitivetoviolence.Thebestsolutionwasstrongsocialsupport,whetherfromfriends,familyorschool.Thosewithnoonetosharetheirproblemsweresufferedthemost.Soperhapsitisbestnottoshelterchildrencompletelyfrombullyingearlyon,suggests

34Newman."Theymaygetstressed,butunhealthycopingreallyjumpsoutwhentheyarebulliedforthefirsttimelateron."Theeffectsarelikelytoberelatedtothedevelopingstresshormonesystem,whichmaturesduringadolescence,heconcludes.Studiesshowabnormalstressresponsesinadultanimalsthatexperiencesocialstressoraggressionfromotheranimalsduringadolescence.AccordingtoNewman,whypeoplebulliedforthefirsttimeinadolescencesuffermost?{A}.Theirstresshormonesystemisfullydevelopedthen.{B}.Theirparentsmistakenlyshelterthemfrombullying.{C}.Theyusuallylacksocialsupport.{D}.Theydonotturntopropersolutions.123ᫀ5A,26⚪Mfg⚗⌱O⚪PMQ⚪1.70ᑖP⚪ᑖ:ᢥ⁚ᑖḄ⚪ஹ⚪▅^ᳮ`DepressionAlthoughthestigmaMhbPonceassociatedwithmentalillnesshasgraduallygoneawayinrecentyears,mostoftheAmericanswhohaveclinicaldepressionstilldon'tgettreatedforitpartlybecausemanyaretooembarrassedtogotoapsychologist.Infact,themajorityofdepressedpeoplewhoseekprofessionalhelpturn

35firstnottoapsychologistbuttotheirprimarycarephysician.Butdoregulardoctorsreallyknowhowtoidentifydepression?Alargenewscientificreviewsuggeststheydon't.Inareviewof41previousstudies,theauthorsfoundthatgeneralpractitionersmakefrequentmistakes,missingtruecasesofdepressionabouthalfthetimeandincorrectlydiagnosingitin19%ofhealthypeople.AlexMitchell,AmolVazeandSanjayRaoofLeicesterGeneralHospitalintheU.K.estimatethatabout1in5peopleindevelopednationswillexperiencedepressionintheirlifetime.Thatmeansthatamongageneralpatientpopulationof100,about20willdevelopthecondition,butthetypicaldoctorwillfinditinonly10ofthosewhohaveit.Andamongthe80healthypeople,thedoctorwillincorrectlyidentifydepressionin15.Thisissignificantbecausedepressioncanmakethepatientandhisorherfamilyweak.Depressionalsocarriesanenormoussocialburden,leadingtomissedworkdays,lossofproductivityandincreasesinhealth-carespending.Further,thosemisdiagnosedwithdepressionmayendupbeingprescribedmedicinethatnotonlycostsalotbutcanhaveserioussideeffects.ThevariousstudiesthatMitchell,VazeandRaorevieweduseddifferentmethodstoverify

36whetherdoctorshadmisseddepressionintheirpatients.VirtuallyallthestudiespointedtothesameconclusionDgeneralphysiciansaren'tverygoodatrecognizingthemostcommonmentalillnessintheworld.Why?0nereasonisthatthetypicaldoctorvisitisquiteshort,usuallynolongerthan15minutes.It'shardforpatientstoopenupabouttheirsymptomsduringthatbriefperiod.Doctorsshouldspendmoretimeorschedulefollow-upappointmentswithpatientstheysuspecthavedepression,whichwoulddramaticallyincreasetherateofaccuratediagnoses.Mostdepressedpeoplerefusetoseeapsychologistpartlybecause.{A}.theyarefrightenedofgoingtoapsychologist{B}.theyhavetrustintheirprimary-carephysician{C}.theythinktheillnessisnotthatseriou{D}.theyrelateembarrassmenttoseeingapsychologist123ᫀ:D,27⚪Mfg⚗⌱O⚪PMQ⚪1.70ᑖP⚪ᑖ5ᢥ⁚ᑖḄ⚪ஹ⚪▅^ᳮ`DepressionAlthoughthestigmaMhbPonceassociatedwithmentalillnesshasgraduallygoneawayinrecentyears,mostoftheAmericanswhohaveclinicaldepressionstilldon'tgettreatedforitpartly

37becausemanyaretooembarrassedtogotoapsychologist.Infact,themajorityofdepressedpeoplewhoseekprofessionalhelpturnfirstnottoapsychologistbuttotheirprimarycarephysician.Butdoregulardoctorsreallyknowhowtoidentifydepression?Alargenewscientificreviewsuggeststheydon't.Inareviewof41previousstudies,theauthorsfoundthatgeneralpractitionersmakefrequentmistakes,missingtruecasesofdepressionabouthalfthetimeandincorrectlydiagnosingitin19%ofhealthypeople.AlexMitchell,AmolVazeandSanjayRaoofLeicesterGeneralHospitalintheU.K.estimatethatabout1in5peopleindevelopednationswillexperiencedepressionintheirlifetime.Thatmeansthatamongageneralpatientpopulationof100,about20willdevelopthecondition,butthetypicaldoctorwillfinditinonly10ofthosewhohaveit.Andamongthe80healthypeople,thedoctorwillincorrectlyidentifydepressionin15.Thisissignificantbecausedepressioncanmakethepatientandhisorherfamilyweak.Depressionalsocarriesanenormoussocialburden,leadingtomissedworkdays,lossofproductivityandincreasesinhealth-carespending.Further,thosemisdiagnosedwithdepressionmayendupbeingprescribedmedicinethatnotonlycostsalotbutcanhaveseriousside

38effects.ThevariousstudiesthatMitchell,VazeandRaorevieweduseddifferentmethodstoverifywhetherdoctorshadmisseddepressionintheirpatients.VirtuallyallthestudiespointedtothesameconclusionDgeneralphysiciansaren'tverygoodatrecognizingthemostcommonmentalillnessintheworld.Why?0nereasonisthatthetypicaldoctorvisitisquiteshort,usuallynolongerthan15minutes.It'shardforpatientstoopenupabouttheirsymptomsduringthatbriefperiod.Doctorsshouldspendmoretimeorschedulefollow-upappointmentswithpatientstheysuspecthavedepression,whichwoulddramaticallyincreasetherateofaccuratediagnoses.Inanewscientificreview,theresearchersfoundthat.{A}.psychologistsoftenmissthetruecaseofdepressio{B}.generalphysiciansoftenmakewrongjudgmentofdepressio{C}.mostpeoplewillexperiencedepressionintheirlifetime{D}.primarycarephysiciansarenotqualifieddoctors123ᫀ5B,27⚪Mfg⚗⌱O⚪PMQ⚪1.70ᑖP⚪ᑖ5ᢥ⁚ᑖḄ⚪ஹ⚪▅^ᳮ`DepressionAlthoughthestigma

39MhbPonceassociatedwithmentalillnesshasgraduallygoneawayinrecentyears,mostoftheAmericanswhohaveclinicaldepressionstilldon'tgettreatedforitpartlybecausemanyaretooembarrassedtogotoapsychologist.Infact,themajorityofdepressedpeoplewhoseekprofessionalhelpturnfirstnottoapsychologistbuttotheirprimarycarephysician.Butdoregulardoctorsreallyknowhowtoidentifydepression?Alargenewscientificreviewsuggeststheydon't.Inareviewof41previousstudies,theauthorsfoundthatgeneralpractitionersmakefrequentmistakes,missingtruecasesofdepressionabouthalfthetimeandincorrectlydiagnosingitin19%ofhealthypeople.AlexMitchel1,AmolVazeandSanjayRaoofLeicesterGeneralHospitalintheU.K.estimatethatabout1in5peopleindevelopednationswillexperiencedepressionintheirlifetime.Thatmeansthatamongageneralpatientpopulationof100,about20willdevelopthecondition,butthetypicaldoctorwillfinditinonly10ofthosewhohaveit.Andamongthe80healthypeople,thedoctorwillincorrectlyidentifydepressionin15.Thisissignificantbecausedepressioncanmakethepatientandhisorherfamilyweak.Depressionalsocarriesanenormoussocialburden,leadingtomissedworkdays,lossofproductivity

40andincreasesinhealth-carespending.Further,thosemisdiagnosedwithdepressionmayendupbeingprescribedmedicinethatnotonlycostsalotbutcanhaveserioussideeffects.ThevariousstudiesthatMitchell,VazeandRaorevieweduseddifferentmethodstoverifywhetherdoctorshadmisseddepressionintheirpatients.VirtuallyallthestudiespointedtothesameconclusionDgeneralphysiciansaren'tverygoodatrecognizingthemostcommonmentalillnessintheworld.Why?0nereasonisthatthetypicaldoctorvisitisquiteshort,usuallynolongerthan15minutes.It'shardforpatientstoopenupabouttheirsymptomsduringthatbriefperiod.Doctorsshouldspendmoretimeorschedulefollow-upappointmentswithpatientstheysuspecthavedepression,whichwoulddramaticallyincreasetherateofaccuratediagnoses.Inanewscientificreview,theresearchersfoundthat.{A}.psychologistsoftenmissthetruecaseofdepressio{B}.generalphysiciansoftenmakewrongjudgmentofdepressio{C}.mostpeoplewillexperiencedepressionintheirlifetime{D}.primarycarephysiciansarenotqualifieddoctors123ᫀ5B,

4128⚪Mfg⚗⌱O⚪PMQ⚪1.70ᑖP⚪ᑖ5ᢥ⁚ᑖḄ⚪ஹ⚪▅^ᳮ`DepressionAlthoughthestigmaMhbPonceassociatedwithmentalillnesshasgraduallygoneawayinrecentyears,mostoftheAmericanswhohaveclinicaldepressionstilldon'tgettreatedforitpartlybecausemanyaretooembarrassedtogotoapsychologist.Infact,themajorityofdepressedpeoplewhoseekprofessionalhelpturnfirstnottoapsychologistbuttotheirprimarycarephysician.Butdoregulardoctorsreallyknowhowtoidentifydepression?Alargenewscientificreviewsuggeststheydon't.Inareviewof41previousstudies,theauthorsfoundthatgeneralpractitionersmakefrequentmistakes,missingtruecasesofdepressionabouthalfthetimeandincorrectlydiagnosingitin19%ofhealthypeople.AlexMitchell,AmolVazeandSanjayRaoofLeicesterGeneralHospitalintheU.K.estimatethatabout1in5peopleindevelopednationswillexperiencedepressionintheirlifetime.Thatmeansthatamongageneralpatientpopulationof100,about20willdevelopthecondition,butthetypicaldoctorwillfinditinonly10ofthosewhohaveit.Andamongthe80healthypeople,thedoctorwillincorrectlyidentifydepressionin

4215.Thisissignificantbecausedepressioncanmakethepatientandhisorherfamilyweak.Depressionalsocarriesanenormoussocialburden,leadingtomissedworkdays,lossofproductivityandincreasesinhealth-carespending.Further,thosemisdiagnosedwithdepressionmayendupbeingprescribedmedicinethatnotonlycostsalotbutcanhaveserioussideeffects.ThevariousstudiesthatMitchell,VazeandRaorevieweduseddifferentmethodstoverifywhetherdoctorshadmisseddepressionintheirpatients.Virtuallyallthestudiespointedtothesameconclusion5generalphysiciansaren'tverygoodatrecognizingthemostcommonmentalillnessintheworld.Why?0nereasonisthatthetypicaldoctorvisitisquiteshort,usuallynolongerthan15minutes.It'shardforpatientstoopenupabouttheirsymptomsduringthatbriefperiod.Doctorsshouldspendmoretimeorschedulefollow-upappointmentswithpatientstheysuspecthavedepression,whichwoulddramaticallyincreasetherateofaccuratediagnoses.Thosewho"willdevelopthecondition"(Line3,Para.3)referto.{A}.patientswhowillbemisdiagnosedasdepressio{B}.patientswhowillsurvivedepressio{C}.patientswhowillsufferfromdepressio

43{D}.patientswhoreceivecorrectdiagnose123ᫀ5C,29⚪Mfg⚗⌱O⚪PMQ⚪1.70ᑖP⚪ᑖ:ᢥ⁚ᑖḄ⚪ஹ⚪▅^ᳮ`DepressionAlthoughthestigmaMhbPonceassociatedwithmentalillnesshasgraduallygoneawayinrecentyears,mostoftheAmericanswhohaveclinicaldepressionstilldon'tgettreatedforitpartlybecausemanyaretooembarrassedtogotoapsychologist.Infact,themajorityofdepressedpeoplewhoseekprofessionalhelpturnfirstnottoapsychologistbuttotheirprimarycarephysician.Butdoregulardoctorsreallyknowhowtoidentifydepression?Alargenewscientificreviewsuggeststheydon't.Inareviewof41previousstudies,theauthorsfoundthatgeneralpractitionersmakefrequentmistakes,missingtruecasesofdepressionabouthalfthetimeandincorrectlydiagnosingitinl9%ofhealthypeople.AlexMitchell,AmolVazeandSanjayRaoofLeicesterGeneralHospitalintheU.K.estimatethatabout1in5peopleindevelopednationswillexperiencedepressionintheirlifetime.Thatmeansthatamongageneralpatientpopulationof100,about20willdevelopthecondition,butthetypicaldoctor

44willfinditinonly10ofthosewhohaveit.Andamongthe80healthypeople,thedoctorwillincorrectlyidentifydepressionin15.Thisissignificantbecausedepressioncanmakethepatientandhisorherfamilyweak.Depressionalsocarriesanenormoussocialburden,leadingtomissedworkdays,lossofproductivityandincreasesinhealth-carespending.Further,thosemisdiagnosedwithdepressionmayendupbeingprescribedmedicinethatnotonlycostsalotbutcanhaveserioussideeffects.ThevariousstudiesthatMitchell,VazeandRaorevieweduseddifferentmethodstoverifywhetherdoctorshadmisseddepressionintheirpatients.Virtuallyallthestudiespointedtothesameconclusion5generalphysiciansaren'tverygoodatrecognizingthemostcommonmentalillnessintheworld.Why?0nereasonisthatthetypicaldoctorvisitisquiteshort,usuallynolongerthan15minutes.It'shardforpatientstoopenupabouttheirsymptomsduringthatbriefperiod.Doctorsshouldspendmoretimeorschedulefollow-upappointmentswithpatientstheysuspecthavedepression,whichwoulddramaticallyincreasetherateofaccuratediagnoses.Accordingtothepassage,depressioncanresultin.

45{A}.worsefamilyrelationshi{B}.refusalbythesociety{C}.largemedicalexpense{D}.serioussideeffects123ᫀ5C,30⚪Mfg⚗⌱O⚪PMQ⚪1.70ᑖP⚪ᑖ5ᢥ⁚ᑖḄ⚪ஹ⚪▅^ᳮ`DepressionAlthoughthestigmaMhbPonceassociatedwithmentalillnesshasgraduallygoneawayinrecentyears,mostoftheAmericanswhohaveclinicaldepressionstilldon'tgettreatedforitpartlybecausemanyaretooembarrassedtogotoapsychologist.Infact,themajorityofdepressedpeoplewhoseekprofessionalhelpturnfirstnottoapsychologistbuttotheirprimarycarephysician.Butdoregulardoctorsreallyknowhowtoidentifydepression?Alargenewscientificreviewsuggeststheydon't.Inareviewof41previousstudies,theauthorsfoundthatgeneralpractitionersmakefrequentmistakes,missingtruecasesofdepressionabouthalfthetimeandincorrectlydiagnosingitin19%ofhealthypeople.AlexMitchell,AmolVazeandSanjayRaoofLeicesterGeneral

46HospitalintheU.K.estimatethatabout1in5peopleindevelopednationswillexperiencedepressionintheirlifetime.Thatmeansthatamongageneralpatientpopulationof100,about20willdevelopthecondition,butthetypicaldoctorwillfinditinonly10ofthosewhohaveit.Andamongthe80healthypeople,thedoctorwillincorrectlyidentifydepressionin15.Thisissignificantbecausedepressioncanmakethepatientandhisorherfamilyweak.Depressionalsocarriesanenormoussocialburden,leadingtomissedworkdays,lossofproductivityandincreasesinhealth-carespending.Further,thosemisdiagnosedwithdepressionmayendupbeingprescribedmedicinethatnotonlycostsalotbutcanhaveserioussideeffects.ThevariousstudiesthatMitchell,VazeandRaorevieweduseddifferentmethodstoverifywhetherdoctorshadmisseddepressionintheirpatients.Virtuallyallthestudiespointedtothesameconclusion5generalphysiciansaren'tverygoodatrecognizingthemostcommonmentalillnessintheworld.Why?0nereasonisthatthetypicaldoctorvisitisquiteshort,usuallynolongerthan15minutes.It'shardforpatientstoopenupabouttheirsymptomsduringthatbriefperiod.Doctorsshouldspendmoretimeorschedulefollow-upappointmentswithpatientstheysuspecthave

47depression,whichwoulddramaticallyincreasetherateofaccuratediagnoses.Whydogeneralphysiciansoftenfailtorecognizedepression?{A}.Thediagnosesaremadetoohastily.{B}.Generalphysiciansdon'ttreattheirpatientsseriously.{C}.Patientsarereluctanttotelltheirsymptoms.{D}.Generalphysiciansarenotpatientenough.123ᫀ5A,31⚪Mfg⚗⌱O⚪PMQ⚪1.70ᑖP⚪ᑖ5ᢥ⁚ᑖḄ⚪ஹ⚪▅^ᳮ`>RisingCollegeSeiectivityRisingcollegeselectivitydoesn'tmeanthatstudentsaresmarterandmoreseriousthaninthepast.It'safunctionofexcessdemandforhighereducation,occurringatatimeofincreasedfinancialprivatizationoftheindustry.Therecessionhasonlyincreaseddemand.Thevastmajorityofstudentsaren'tgoingtocollegebecauseofathirstforknowledge.They'retherebecausetheyneedajob,andtheyneedtogetthecredentialsMijPandonehopes,theknowledgeandskillsbehindthecredentials[thatwillgetthemintothelabormarket.Ashighereducationhasbecomeaseller'smarket,theinstitutionsinapositiontodosoaredoingwhat

48comesnaturallyDraisingtheirtuitionsandtheiradmissionsrequirements,butattheexpenseofcontributingtothenationalgoaltoincreasecollegeattainment.TheresultisthattheUnitedStatesislosinggroundintheinternationalraceforeducationaltalent.TheincreasingstratificationM▤lᓄPofhighereducationishappeningonthespendingside,aswell.Astheselectiveinstitutionshavebecomemoreexpensiveandlessattainable,theresthavehadtostrugglewiththeresponsibilitytoenrollmorestudentswithoutbeingpaidtodoso.Gapsbe-tweenrichandpoorhavegrownevenmoredramaticallythangapsinenteringtestscores.Whilespendingisapoormeasureofeducationalquality,wecan'tseriouslyexpecttoincreaseeducationalattainmentifwe'renotpreparedtodosomethingtoaddressthesegrowinginequitiesinfunding.Thatsaid,theeducationalpolicyprobleminourcountryisnotthattheeliteinstitutionsarebecomingmoreselective.Theproblemisonthepublicpolicyside.ThepresidentandmanygovernorshavesetagoaltoreturnAmericatoapositionofinternationalleadershipineducationalattainment.It'stherightgoal,wejustneedafinancingstrategytogetthere.Thatdoesn'tmeanjustmore

49money,althoughsomemoremoneywillbeneeded.Italsomeansbetterattentiontoeffectivenessandtoefficiency,andtomakingsurethatspendinggoestotheplacesthatwillmakeadifferenceineducationalattainment.Weknowhowtodoit,ifwewantto.Thedemandforhighereducationhasincreasedbecause.{A}.thenumberofstudentskeepsgrowing{B}.thereisaboostinthelabormarket{C}.oftherisingcollegeselectivity{D}.oftheeconomicdepression123ᫀ5D,32⚪Mfg⚗⌱O⚪PMQ⚪1.70ᑖP⚪ᑖ:ᢥ⁚ᑖḄ⚪ஹ⚪▅^ᳮ`>RisingCollegeSeiectivityRisingcollegeselectivitydoesn'tmeanthatstudentsaresmarterandmoreseriousthaninthepast.It'safunctionofexcessdemandforhighereducation,occurringatatimeofincreasedfinancialprivatizationoftheindustry.Therecessionhasonlyincreaseddemand.Thevastmajorityofstudentsaren'tgoingtocollegebecauseofathirstforknowledge.They'retherebecausetheyneedajob,andtheyneedtogetthecredentialsMijPandonehopes,theknowledge

50andskillsbehindthecredentials[thatwillgetthemintothelabormarket.Ashighereducationhasbecomeaseller'smarket,theinstitutionsinapositiontodosoaredoingwhatcomesnaturallyDraisingtheirtuitionsandtheiradmissionsrequirements,butattheexpenseofcontributingtothenationalgoaltoincreasecollegeattainment.TheresultisthattheUnitedStatesislosinggroundintheinternationalraceforeducationaltalent.TheincreasingstratificationM▤lᓄPofhighereducationishappeningonthespendingside,aswell.Astheselectiveinstitutionshavebecomemoreexpensiveandlessattainable,theresthavehadtostrugglewiththeresponsibilitytoenrollmorestudentswithoutbeingpaidtodoso.Gapsbe-tweenrichandpoorhavegrownevenmoredramaticallythangapsinenteringtestscores.Whilespendingisapoormeasureofeducationalquality,wecan'tseriouslyexpecttoincreaseeducationalattainmentifwe'renotpreparedtodosomethingtoaddressthesegrowinginequitiesinfunding.Thatsaid,theeducationalpolicyprobleminourcountryisnotthattheeliteinstitutionsarebecomingmoreselective.Theproblemisonthepublicpolicyside.ThepresidentandmanygovernorshavesetagoaltoreturnAmerica

51toapositionofinternationalleadershipineducationalattainment.It'stherightgoal,wejustneedafinancingstrategytogetthere.Thatdoesn'tmeanjustmoremoney,althoughsomemoremoneywillbeneeded.Italsomeansbetterattentiontoeffectivenessandtoefficiency,andtomakingsurethatspendinggoestotheplacesthatwillmakeadifferenceineducationalattainment.Weknowhowtodoit,ifwewantto.Accordingtomoststudents,whatisthemostessentialconditionthatenablesthemtogetintothelabormarket?{A}.Diplomas.{B}.Beingemployed.{C}.Goingtocollege.{D}.Knowledgeandskills.123ᫀ5A,33⚪Mfg⚗⌱O⚪PMQ⚪1.70ᑖP⚪ᑖ5ᢥ⁚ᑖḄ⚪ஹ⚪▅^ᳮ`>RisingCollegeSeiectivityRisingcollegeselectivitydoesn'tmeanthatstudentsaresmarterandmoreseriousthaninthepast.It'safunctionofexcessdemandforhighereducation,occurringatatimeofincreasedfinancialprivatizationofthe

52industry.Therecessionhasonlyincreaseddemand.Thevastmajorityofstudentsaren'tgoingtocollegebecauseofathirstforknowledge.They'retherebecausetheyneedajob,andtheyneedtogetthecredentialsMijPandonehopes,theknowledgeandskillsbehindthecredentials[thatwillgetthemintothelabormarket.Ashighereducationhasbecomeaseller'smarket,theinstitutionsinapositiontodosoaredoingwhatcomesnaturallyDraisingtheirtuitionsandtheiradmissionsrequirements,butattheexpenseofcontributingtothenationalgoaltoincreasecollegeattainment.TheresultisthattheUnitedStatesislosinggroundintheinternationalraceforeducationaltalent.TheincreasingstratificationM▤lᓄPofhighereducationishappeningonthespendingside,aswell.Astheselectiveinstitutionshavebecomemoreexpensiveandlessattainable,theresthavehadtostrugglewiththeresponsibilitytoenrollmorestudentswithoutbeingpaidtodoso.Gapsbe-tweenrichandpoorhavegrownevenmoredramaticallythangapsinenteringtestscores.Whilespendingisapoormeasureofeducationalquality,wecan'tseriouslyexpecttoincreaseeducationalattainmentifwe'renotpreparedtodosomethingtoaddressthesegrowinginequitiesinfunding.Thatsaid,theeducationalpolicyprobleminour

53countryisnotthattheeliteinstitutionsarebecomingmoreselective.Theproblemisonthepublicpolicyside.ThepresidentandmanygovernorshavesetagoaltoreturnAmericatoapositionofinternationalleadershipineducationalattainment.It'stherightgoal,wejustneedafinancingstrategytogetthere.Thatdoesn'tmeanjustmoremoney,althoughsomemoremoneywillbeneeded.Italsomeansbetterattentiontoeffectivenessandtoefficiency,andtomakingsurethatspendinggoestotheplacesthatwillmakeadifferenceineducationalattainment.Weknowhowtodoit,ifwewantto.Sincehighereducationhasbecomeaseller'smarket,thenationalgoaltoincreasecollegeattainment.{A}.willbefulfilledinashorttime{B}.willbedifficulttoachieve{C}.willdrawmorepublicconcer{D}.willdemandmorefinancialinput123ᫀ5B,34⚪Mfg⚗⌱O⚪PMQ⚪1.70ᑖP⚪ᑖ5ᢥ⁚ᑖḄ⚪ஹ⚪▅^ᳮ`>RisingCollege

54SelectivityRisingcollegeselectivitydoesn'tmeanthatstudentsaresmarterandmoreseriousthaninthepast.It'safunctionofexcessdemandforhighereducation,occurringatatimeofincreasedfinancialprivatizationoftheindustry.Therecessionhasonlyincreaseddemand.Thevastmajorityofstudentsaren'tgoingtocollegebecauseofathirstforknowledge.They'retherbecausetheyneedajob,andtheyneedtogetthecredentialsMijPandonehopes,theknowledgeandskillsbehindthecredentials[thatwillgetthemintothelabormarket.Ashighereducationhasbecomeaseller'smarket,theinstitutionsinapositiontodosoaredoingwhatcomesnaturallyDraisingtheirtuitionsandtheiradmissionsrequirements,butattheexpenseofcontributingtothenationalgoaltoincreasecollegeattainment.TheresultisthattheUnitedStatesislosinggroundintheinternationalraceforeducationaltalent.TheincreasingstratificationM▤lᓄPofhighereducationishappeningonthespendingside,aswell.Astheselectiveinstitutionshavebecomemoreexpensiveandlessattainable,theresthavehadtostrugglewiththeresponsibilitytoenrollmorestudentswithoutbeingpaidtodoso.Gapsbe-tweenrichandpoorhavegrownevenmore

55dramaticallythangapsinenteringtestscores.Whilespendingisapoormeasureofeducationalquality,wecan'tseriouslyexpecttoincreaseeducationalattainmentifwe'renotpreparedtodosomethingtoaddressthesegrowinginequitiesinfunding.Thatsaid,theeducationalpolicyprobleminourcountryisnotthattheeliteinstitutionsarebecomingmoreselective.Theproblemisonthepublicpolicyside.ThepresidentandmanygovernorshavesetagoaltoreturnAmericatoapositionofinternationalleadershipineducationalattainment.It'stherightgoal,wejustneedafinancingstrategytogetthere.Thatdoesn'tmeanjustmoremoney,althoughsomemoremoneywillbeneeded.Italsomeansbetterattentiontoeffectivenessandtoefficiency,andtomakingsurethatspendinggoestotheplacesthatwillmakeadifferenceineducationalattainment.Weknowhowtodoit,ifwewantto.Asitismentionedinthe4thparagraph,gapshavegrowndramaticallybetween.{A}.thetalentedstudentsandtheslowone{B}.theadvancedcountriesandtheother{C}.theselectiveinstitutionsandtherest{D}.therichfamiliesandthepoorones123ᫀ5C,

5635⚪Mfg⚗⌱O⚪PMQ⚪1.70ᑖP⚪ᑖ5ᢥ⁚ᑖḄ⚪ஹ⚪▅^ᳮ`>RisingCollegeSelectivityRisingcollegeselectivitydoesn'tmeanthatstudentsaresmarterandmoreseriousthaninthepast.It'safunctionofexcessdemandforhighereducation,occurringatatimeofincreasedfinancialprivatizationoftheindustry.Therecessionhasonlyincreaseddemand.Thevastmajorityofstudentsaren'tgoingtocollegebecauseofathirstforknowledge.They'retherebecausetheyneedajob,andtheyneedtogetthecredentialsMijEandonehopes,theknowledgeandskillsbehindthecredentials[thatwillgetthemintothelabormarket.Ashighereducationhasbecomeaseller'smarket,theinstitutionsinapositiontodosoaredoingwhatcomesnaturallyDraisingtheirtuitionsandtheiradmissionsrequirements,butattheexpenseofcontributingtothenationalgoaltoincreasecollegeattainment.TheresultisthattheUnitedStatesislosinggroundintheinternationalraceforeducationaltalent.TheincreasingstratificationM▤lᓄPofhighereducationishappeningonthespendingside,aswell.Astheselectiveinstitutionshavebecomemoreexpensiveandlessattainable,theresthavehadtostrugglewith

57theresponsibilitytoenrollmorestudentswithoutbeingpaidtodoso.Gapsbe-tweenrichandpoorhavegrownevenmoredramaticallythangapsinenteringtestscores.Whilespendingisapoormeasureofeducationalquality,wecan'tseriouslyexpecttoincreaseeducationalattainmentifwe'renotpreparedtodosomethingtoaddressthesegrowinginequitiesinfunding.Thatsaid,theeducationalpolicyprobleminourcountryisnotthattheeliteinstitutionsarebecomingmoreselective.Theproblemisonthepublicpolicyside.ThepresidentandmanygovernorshavesetagoaltoreturnAmericatoapositionofinternationalleadershipineducationalattainment.It'stherightgoal,wejustneedafinancingstrategytogetthere.Thatdoesn'tmeanjustmoremoney,althoughsomemoremoneywillbeneeded.Italsomeansbetterattentiontoeffectivenessandtoefficiency,andtomakingsurethatspendinggoestotheplacesthatwillmakeadifferenceineducationalattainment.Weknowhowtodoit,ifwewantto.Whatdoestheauthorthinkshouldbemodified?{A}.Theselectivityofeliteinstitutions.{B}.Theindustrializationofeducation.{C}.Thegoalofeducationattainment.{D}.Thegovernment'sfundingstrategy.

58123ᫀ:D,36⚪(fg⚗⌱O⚪)(Q⚪1.70ᑖ)⚪ᑖ:ᢥ⁚ᑖḄ⚪ஹ⚪▅^ᳮ`TheWorld'sLongestBridgeRumorhasitthatalegendarysix-headedmonsterlurksinthedeepwatersoftheTyrrhenianSeabetweenItalyandtheislandofSicily.(46)Whencompletedin2010,theworld'slongestbridgewillweighnearly300,000tons[equivalenttotheicebergthatsanktheTitanic[andstretch5kilometerslong."That'snearly50percentlongerthananyotherbridgeeverbuilt,"saysstructuralengineerShaneRixon.(47)They'resuspensionbridges,massivestructuresbuilttospanvastwaterchannelsorgorges.Asuspensionbridgeneedsjusttwotowerstoshoulderthestructure'smammothweight,thankstoheftysupportingcablesslungbetweenthetowersandanchoredfirmlyindeeppoolsofcementateachendofthebridge.TheMessinaStraitBridgewillhavetwo54,100-tontowers,whichwillsupportmostofthebridge'sload.Thebeefycablesofthebridge,each1.2meterindiameter,willholdupthelongestandwidestbridgedeckeverbuilt.WhenconstructionbeginsontheMessinaStraitBridgein2005,thefirstjobwillbetoerecttwo370meter-tal1steel

59towers.(48)Gettingthesecablesupwillbesomething.It'snotjusttheirlength[totally5.3kilometers[buttheirweight.(49)Afterloweringvertical"suspender"cablesfromthemaincables,builderswillerecta60-meter[wide54,630[tonsteelroadway,ordeck[wideenoughtoaccommodate12lanesoftraffic.Thedeck'sweightwillpulldownonthecableswithaforceof70,500tons.Inreturn,thecablesyankupagainsttheirfirmlyrootedanchorswithaforceof139,000tons[equivalenttotheweightofabout100,000cars.Thoseanchorsareessential.(50)(46){A}.Someenvironmentalistsareagainsttheprojectonbiologicalgrounds.{B}.Whatdotheworld'slongestbridgeshaveincommon?{C}.Iftrue,onedayyoumightspythebeastwhi1ezipping(pᗊrs)acrosstheMessinaStraitBridge.{D}.They'rewhatwillkeepthebridgefromgoinganywhere.{E}.Thesecondjobwillbetopulltwosetsofsteelcablesacrossthestrait,eachsetbeingabundleof44,352individualsteelwires.{F}.Theywilltipupthescalesat166,500tons[morethan

60halfthebridge'stotalmass.123ᫀ5C,