职称英语-职称英语理工类a级模拟61

《职称英语-职称英语理工类a级模拟61》由会员上传分享，免费在线阅读，更多相关内容在教育资源-天天文库。

ᳮA611ᑖ⌱⚗☢ᙳᨵ1ᡈᨵ!"#ᜐᑖ%&1'(ᨬ#*+Ḅ⌱⚗஺1>Suchsubjectsarenotwithinthescopeofthisbook.A•roomB.rangeC.contentD.knowledge2ஹThecaristestedfordefectsbeforeleavingthefactory.A.functionsB.motionsC.partsD.faults3ஹWhenthetreefalls,themonkeysscatter.A.disperseB•runC.cryD•drop4ஹThistableisstronganddurable.A.eternalB.far-reachingC.terminalD.long-lasting5ஹItwasadvisableforyotinottomentionthat.A.possibleB.profitableC,easyD.sensible6ஹYoustartledmewhenyoushouted.A.frightenedB.threatenedC.interruptedD.troubled7ஹTheoncebarrenhillsidesarenowgoodfarmland.A.emptyB.bareC.hairlessD.bald8ஹOurarrangementswerethrownintocompleteturmoil.A.failureB.doubtC.reliefD.confusion9ஹAlocalhypnotist/0Ḩ23offeredhisservices,andEdgarreadilyaccepted.A.willinglyB.suddenlyC.quicklyD.firmly10>Manyscientistshavebeenprobingpsychologicalproblems.A.solvingB.settlingC.exploringD.handling11>Iwasimpressedbythewayheformulatedhisideas.A.arguedB.statedC.announceD.invented12>Hedemolishedmyargumentinminutes.A.supportedB.disputedC.acceptedD.disproved13>Youmustbetired,buttrytohangontillallthework1sfinishedA.stopworkingB,keepworkingC.waitD.rest

114ஹHeisrenownedforhisskill.A.rememberedB.recommendedC.well-knownD.praised15>Afailuretoconsolidatetheircooperationwoulddamagebothnations.A.demoteB.raiseC.strengthenD.promote2ᑖ▅6ᑨ8☢Ḅᦻ:ᑡ<=7!"᪷?ᦻḄᑁABC<ᑨ8᝞EFGHḄIJ%KL!"⌱MA᝞EFGHḄI┯OKL!"⌱MB᝞EFḄKLᦻPᨵGQ!"⌱MC஺RadioactiveWastesOneofthemajorproblemsofnuclearenergyistheinabilityofscientiststodiscoverasafewaytodisposeoftheradioactivewasteswhichoccurthroughoutthenuclearprocess.Manyofthesewastesremaindangerouslyactivefortensofthousandsofyearswhileothershavealifespanclosertoaquarterofzamillionyears.Variousmethodshavebeenusedtodate,butallhaverevealedweaknessesforcingscientiststocontinuetheirsearch.zThenuclearprocessinvolvesseveralstages,withthedangerofradioactivityconstantlypresent.Fuelfornuclearreactorscomesfromuraniumore/RST3!which,whenmined,spontaneouslyproducesradioactivesubstancesasby-products.Thischaracteristicofuraniumorewentundetectedforalongtime,resultinginthedeaths,duetocancer,ofhundredsofuraniumminers.TheUnitedStatesattemptedtoburymuchofitsradioactivewastematerialincontainersmadeofsteelcoveredinconcreteandcapableofholdingamilliongallons.Foralongtimeitwasbelievedthatthenuclearwasteproblemhadbeensolved,untilsomeofthesetanksleaked,allowingtheradioactivewastestoseepintotheenvironment.Canadapresentlystoresitsnuclearwasteinunderwatertanks,withthelong-termeffectslargelyunknown.However,plansareunderconsiderationforabove-groundstorageofspentfuelfromreactors.Theseplansincludethebuildingofthreevastconcretecontainers,whichwouldbetwostorieshighandapproximatelythelengthandwidthoftwofootballfields.Othersuggestionsincludeenclosingthewasteinglassblocksandstoringtheminundergroundcaverns,orplacinghotcontainersintheAntarcticregion,wheretheywouldmelttheice,therebysinkingdownaboutamile.Thisideahassincebeenabandonedbecauseofthepossibleadverseeffectontheicesheets.16ஹManyradioactivewasteswhichoccurthroughoutthenuclearprocessaredangerousforonlydecades.A.RightB.WrongC.Notmentioned17>Whenuraniumoreismined,dangerousby-productsareproduced.A.RightB.WrongC.Notmentioned18>Britainstoresitsnuclearwasteinmodernbuildingsofconcrete.A.RightB.WrongC.Notmentioned19ஹInCanada,thelong-termeffectsofitsnuclearwasteinunderwatertanksremainunknown.A.RightB.WrongC.Notmentioned20ஹTheideaofplacinghotcontainersofnuclearwasteintheAntarcticregionhasbeenadopted.A.RightB.WrongC.Notmentioned21>Peoplehadknownthecharacteristicofuraniumorebeforethedeathsofhundredsofuraniumminerswerefound.A.RightB.WrongC.Notmentioned22ஹScientistshavealreadyfoundgoodwaystodealwiththeradioactivewastes.A.RightB.WrongC.Notmentioned

23ᑖᭆVᜧ'XYᡂ☢Ḅᦻ:ᨵ2⚗[\]^প2326⚪⌕bcᡠeḄ6⌱⚗25ff⌱M1ᨬg᪗⚪i22730⚪⌕bcᡠeḄ6⌱⚗#%&1ᨬg⌱⚗஺MessagesfromtheMedia1Theweatherforecast,astoryaboutthecandidatesinanelection,andmoviereviewsareexamplesofmessagesfromthemedia.Acommunicationmedium,ofwhichtheplural/jᦪḄ3formismedia,isameansofcommunicatingamessage.Examplesofmediaaretelevision,radio,newspapersandbooksandthetelephone.Themediathatcanreachmanypeopleatoncearecalledmassmedia.2Itisnotdifficulttothinkofothermessageswereceivethroughthemassmedia.Everydaywegethundredsofthem.Thinkaboutadvertisementszforexample.Weseeandhearthesemessagesalmosteverywherewego.Advertisementsareimportantmessages,eventhoughtheyaresometimesannoying.Theyhelpuscompareandevaluateproducts.3Mostofusgetmoreinformationfromthemediathanfromtheclassroom.Think,foramomentabouthowyoulearnaboutlocalnewsandevents.Doyouzdependonotherpeopleorthemedia?Whataboutinternationalnews?Whatisthemostimportantsourceofinformationforyou?Peoplewhoareaskedthisquestionusuallyanswer,"Television.n4Thinkofallthemessagesyoureceivedtoday.Perhapsyoureadanewspaperduringbreakfastormaybeyoureadadvertisementsonbillboards/☄ᜩnozp3onyourwaytoschool.Didyoulistentoaweatherforecastorthesportsnewsontheradiothismorning?Rightnowyouaregettinginformationthroughaveryimportantmediumofmasscommunication—abook.5Weusetheinformationwegetfromradio,television,newspapers,andothermediatomakedecisionsandformopinions.Thatiswhythemassmediaaresoimportant.Editorialsandarticlesinnewspapershelpusdecidehowtovote,consumerreportsontelevisionhelpusdecidehowtospendourmoneyzandinternationalnewsontheradiomakesusthinkandformopinionsaboutquestionsofwarandpeace.23ஹParagraph2A.ImportanceofclassroomlearningB.Television—arichsourceofinformationC.AdvertisementsasimportantmessagesfromthemassmediaD.VariousmessagesonemayreceiveeachdayE.Media—meanstocommunicatemessagesF.Importanceofthemassmedia24ஹParagraph325>Paragraph426>Paragraph527ஹEachdaywegetalotofmessagesfrom.A.sportsnewsB.ourdecisionsandopinionsC.masscommunicationD.ourmessagesE.sourceofinformationF.themassmedia28>Television,radioandbooksareallimportantmediaof.29ஹFormostpeopletelevisionisthemostimportant.30>Themassmediaareimportanttousbecausetheyshape.4ᑖ▅6ᳮq☢ᨵ3rᦻ!rᦻ:ᨵ5⍝⚪஺"᪷?ᦻᑁA!#⚪%&1ᨬg⌱⚗஺tᡡTheAmericanIndustry

3Ahistoryoflongandeffortlesssuccesscanbeadreadfulhandicap(wx),butifproperlyhandled,itmaybecomeadrivingforce.WhentheUnitedzStatesenteredjustsuchaglowingperiodaftertheendoftheSecondWorldWar,ithadamarketeighttimeslargerthananycompetitor,givingitsindustriesunparalleledeconomiesofscale.Itsscientistsweretheworld*sbestitszworkersthemostskilled.AmericaandAmericanswereprosperousbeyondthedreamsoftheEuropeansandAsianswhoseeconomiesthewarhaddestroyed.Itwasinevitablethatthisprimacyshouldhavenarrowedasothercountriesgrewricher.Justasinevitably,theretreatfrompredominanceprovedpainful.Bythemid-1980sAmericanshadfoundthemselvesatalossovertheirfadingindustrialcompetitiveness.SomehugeAmericanindustriessuchasconsumerzelectronics,hadshrunkorvanishedinthefaceofforeigncompetition.By1987therewasonlyoneAmericantelevisionmakerleft,Zenith.(NowthereisnoneZenithwasboughtbySouthKorea*sLGElectronicsinJuly.)Foreign-madecarsandtextilesweresweepingintothedomesticmarket.America*smachine-toolindustrywasontheropes.Forawhileitlookedasthoughthemakingofsemiconductors,whichAmericahadsatattheheartofthenewcomputeragezwasgoingtobethenextcasualty.Allofthiscausedacrisisofconfidence.Americansstoppedtakingprosperityforgranted.Theybegantobelievethattheirwayofdoingbusinesswasfailing,andthattheirincomeswouldthereforeshortlybegintofallaswell.Themid-1980sbroughtoneinquiryafteranotherintothecausesofAmerica*sindustrialdecline.Theirsometimessensationalfindingswerefilledwithwarningsaboutthegrowingcompetitionfromoverseas.Howthingshavechanged!In1995theUnitedStatescanlookbackonfiveyearsofsolidgrowthwhileJapanhasbeenstruggling.FewAmericansattributethissolelytosuchobviouscausesasadevalueddollarortheturningofthebusinesscycle.Self-doubthasyieldedtoblindpride."Americanindustryhaschangeditsstructure,hasgoneonadiet,andhaslearnttobemorequick-witted,"accordingtoRichardCavanagh,executivedeanofHarvard1sKennedySchoolofGovernment."ItmakesmeproudtobeanAmericanjusttoseehowourbusinessesareimprovingtheirproductivity,nsaysStephenMooreoftheCatoInstitute,athink-tankinWashington,D.C.AndWilliamSahlmanoftheHarvardBusinessSchoolbelievesthatpeoplewilllookbackonthisperiodas"agoldenageofbusinessmanagementintheUnitedStates".31>TheU.S.achieveditspredominanceafterWorldWarIIbecause.A.ithadmadepainstakingeffortstowardsthisgoalB.itsdomesticmarketwaseighttimeslargerthanbeforeC.thewarhaddestroyedtheeconomiesofmostpotentialcompetitorsD.theunparalleledsizeofitsworkforcehadgivenanimpetustoitseconomy32>ThelossofU.S.predominanceintheworldeconomyinthe1980sismanifestedinthefactthattheAmerican_______.A.TVindustryhadwithdrawntoitsdomesticmarketB.semiconductorindustryhadbeentakenoverbyforeignenterprisesC.machine-toolindustryhadcollapsedaftersuicidalactionsD.autoindustryhadlostpartofitsdomesticmarket33ஹWhatcanbeinferredfromthepassage?A.Itishumannaturetoshiftbetweenself-doubtandblindpride.B.Intensecompetitionmaycontributetoeconomicprogress.C.Therevivaloftheeconomydependsoninternationalcooperation.D.Alonghistoryofsuccessmaypavethewayforfurtherdevelopment.34ஹTheauthorseemstobelievetherevivaloftheU.S.economyinthe1900scanbeattributedtothe_______.A.turningofthebusinesscycleB.restructuringofindustryC.improvedbusinessmanagementD.successineducation35ஹWhatdoes"theAmericanindustryhasgoneonadiet"inParagraph4mean?A.EmployeesintheAmericanindustry-areonadiet.B.TheAmericanindustryhasreducedredundantstaff.C.TheAmericanindustryhasshrunk.D.TheAmericanindustryhasbeenmademoreefficient.

4{|^᫜StageFrightFalldownasyoucomeonstage.That1sanoddtrick.Notrecommended.ButitsavedthepianistVladimirFeltsmanwhenhewasateenagerbackinMoscow.Theveterancellist/ᜧGᴊ3MstislavRostropovichtrippedhimpurposelytocurehimofpre-performancepanic.Mr.Feltsmansaid,"Allmyfrightwasgone.Ialreadyfell.Whatelsecouldhappen?nToday,musicschoolsareaddressingtheproblemofanxietyinclassesthatdealwithperformancetechniquesandcareerpreparation.Thereareavarietyofstrategiesthatmusicianscanlearntofightstagefrightanditssymptomsicyfingers,shakylimbs,racingheart,blankmind.Teachersandpsychologistsofferwide-rangingadvice,frombasicslikelearningpiecesinsideout,tomentaldiscipline,suchasvisualizingaperformanceandtakingstepstorelax.Don11denythatyou*rejittery/Ḅ3,theyurgeisomeexcitementisnaturalevennecessaryfordynamiczplaying.Andplayinpublicoften,simplyfortheexperience.PsychotherapistDianeNicholssuggestssomestrategiesforthemomentsbeforeperformance,"Taketwodeepabdominalbreathsopenupyourshoulders,zthensmile,Hshesays."Andnotoneofthese1pleasedon*tkillme1smiles.Thenchoosethreefriendlyfacesintheaudiencepeopleyouwouldcommunicatezwithandmakemusicto,andmakeeyecontactwiththem."Shedoesn*twantperformerstothinkoftheaudienceasajudge.Extremedemandsbymentorsorparentsareoftenattherootofstagefright,saysDorothyDelay,awell-knownviolinteacher.Shetellsotherteacherstodemandonlywhattheirstudentsareabletoachieve.WhenLynnHarrellwas20,hebecametheprincipalcellistoftheCleverlandOrchestra,andhesufferedextremestagefright."ThereweretimeswhenIgotsonervous.Iwassuretheaudiencecouldseemychestrespondingtothethrobbing.Itwasjusttotalpanic.IcametoapointwhereIthought,1IfIhavetogothroughthistoplaymusicIthinkI*mgoingtolookforanotherzjob.*HRecovery,hesaid,involveddevelopinghumi1ity-recognizingthatwhateverhistalenthewasfallible,andthatanimperfectconcertwasnotzadisaster.Itisnotonlyyoungartistswhosuffer,ofcourse.ThelegendarypianistVladimirHorowitz1snerveswerefamous.ThegreattenorFrancoCorelliisanotherexample.HTheyhadtopushhimonstage,"SopranoRenataScottorecalled.Actually,successcanmakethingsworse."inthebeginningofyourcareer,whenyou1rescaredtodeath,nobodyknowswhoyouare,andtheydon*thaveanyexpectations,11SopranoJuneAndersonsaid."There1slesstolose.Lateron,whenyou*reknown,peoplearecomingtoseeyou,andtheyhavecertainexpectations.Youhavealottolose.nAndersonadded,"IneverstopbeingnervousuntilI*vesungmylastnote.H36ஹHowmanysignsofstagefrightarementionedinthesecondparagraph?A.1.B.2.C.3.D.4.37ஹWhichofthefollowingissuggestedbytheexperts?A.Youshoulddenyyouarejittery.B.Smilebeforeperformance.C.Keepyourexcitementallthetime.D.Thinkoftheaudienceasajudge.38>LynnHarrellisa.A.musicianB,parentC.teacherD.pianist39ஹAccordingtothepassage,whatcanbeincluded?A.Actorsandactressshouldsay"pleasedon11killme”totheaudience.B.Extremedemandsarethemainreasonsforstagefright.

5C.Onlyyoungartistssufferstagefright.D.Whenyouaresuccessfulyoucangetridofstagefrightcompletely.z40ஹThepassagewaswrittento.A.introducesomefamouspeopleB.givesomeadviceforplayingmusicC.offersomeinformationaboutstagefrightD.arguethatstagefrightisnecessary—^ControllingRobotswiththeMindBelle,ourtinymonkey,wasseatedinherspecialchairinsideachamberatourDukeUniversitylab.Herrighthandgraspedajoystick/ᩚ3asshewatchedahorizontalseriesoflightsonadisplaypanel/☢3.Sheknewthatifalightsuddenlyshoneandshemovedthejoystickleftorrighttocorrespondtoitsposition,shewouldbesentadropoffruitjuiceintohermouth.Belleworeacapgluedtoherhead.Underitwerefourplasticconnectors,whichfedarraysofmicrowires—eachwirefinerthanthefinestsewingthread—intodifferentregionsofBelle*smotorcortex/ᨴ3,thebraintissuethatplansmovementsandsendsinstructions.Eachofthe100microwireslaybesideasinglemotorneuron/ᐗ3.WhenaneuronproducedanelectricaldischargetheadjacentmicrowirewouldcapturethecurrentandsenditupzthroughasmallwiringbundlethatranfromBelle*scaptoaboxofelectronicsonatablenexttothebooth.Thebox,inturn,waslinkedtotwocomputers,onenextdoorandtheotherhalfacountryaway.Aftermonthsofhardwork,wewereabouttotesttheideathatwecouldreliablytranslatetherawelectricalactivityinalivingbeing*sbrain—Belle*smerethoughts—intosignalsthatcoulddirecttheactionsofarobot.Wehadassembledamultijointedrobotarminthisroom,awayfromBelle*sview,whichshewouldcontrolforthefirsttime.AssoonasBelle*sbrainsensedalitspotonthepanelelectronicsintheboxrunningtworeal-timemathematicalzmodelswouldrapidlyanalyzethetinyactionpotentialsproducedbyherbraincells.Ourlabcomputerwouldconverttheelectricalpatternsintoinstructionsthatwoulddirecttherobotarm.Sixhundredmilesnorth,inCambridge,MasszadifferentcomputerwouldproducethesameactionsinanotherrobotarmbuiltbyMandayamA.Srinivasan.Ifwehaddoneeverythingcorrectly,thetworobotarmswouldbehaveasBelle*sarmdid,atexactlythesametime.Finallythemomentcame.WerandomlyswitchedonlightsinfrontofBelle,andsheimmediatelymovedherjoystickbackandforthtocorrespondtothem.OurrobotarmmovedsimilarlytoBelle1srealarm.SodidSrinivasan1s.Belleandtherobotsmovedinsynchrony/3!likedancerschoreographed/3bytheelectricalimpulsessparkinginBelle*smind.Inthetwoyearssincethatday,ourlabsandseveralothershaveadvancedneuroscience,computerscienceandmicroelectronicstocreatewaysforrats,monkeysandeventuallyhumanstocontrolmechanicalandelectronicmachinespurelybyHthinkingthrough"orimagining,themotions.Ourimmediategoalzistohelpapersonwhohasbeenunabletomovebyaneurological/Ḅ3disorderorspinalcord/3injury,butwhosemotorcortexisspared,tooperateawheelchairoraroboticlimb.41ஹBellewouldbefedsomefruitjuiceifshe.A.graspedthejoystickB.movedthejoysticktothesideofthelightC.satquietlyinaspecialchairD.watchedlightsonadisplaypanel42ஹThewiresfixedunderBelle1scapwereconnectedto.A.aplasticboxnextdoorB.acomputeratCambridgeUniversityC.aboxofelectronicsintheboothD.aboxwhich,inturn,waslinkedtotwocomputers43ஹWhichofthefollowingisNOTtrueoftherobotbuiltbySrinivasan?

6A.ItwasdirectedbysignalsconvertedfromtheelectricalactivityinBelle*sbrain.B.Itconvertedtheelectricalpatternsintoinstructionsfortheotherrobot.C.ItwassixhundredmilesawayfromwhereBellewas.D.ItcouldperformthesamefunctionasBelledid.44ஹWhichofthefollowingstatementsindicatesthesuccessoftheexperiment?A.Bellerespondedtotherobotssuccessfully.B.Belleandtherobotsdancedbeautifully.C.Belleandtherobotsrespondedtothelightsatthesametime.D.Thetworobotsmovedthejoystickssuccessively.45ஹTheshort-termgoaloftheresearchistohelpaperson.A.whosemotorcortexisseriouslydamagedB.whocanoperateawheelchairbutnotaroboticlimbC.whohasspinalcordinjurybutisabletomoveawheelchairD.whoisunabletomovebutwhosemotorcortexisnotdamaged5ᑖ⊡ᐰᦻ☢Ḅᦻᨵ5ᜐ£¤!ᦻ:ᨵ6!ᐸ5¦§ᦻ!"᪷?ᦻᑁA¨ᐸᑖ©ª«¬ᨵ®!¯ឮjᦻ±¬²஺ReinventingtheTableAnearthscientisthasrejigged/³᦮3theperiodictable/ᐗµᕜ·⊤3tomakechemistrysimplertoteachtostudents.46ButBruceRailsbackfromtheUniversityofGeorgiasaysheisthefirsttocreateatablethatbreakswithtraditionandshowstheions/¹3ofeachelementratherthanjusttheelementsthemselves.nIgottiredofbreakingmyarmstryingtoexplaintheperiodictabletoearthstudentsHhesays,criss-crossing/º»3hishandsintheairandpointingztodifferentbitsofatraditionaltable.47Buthehasaddedcontourlinestochargedensity,helpingtoexplainwhichionsreactwithwhich."Geochemistsjustwantanintuitivesenseofwhat*sgoingonwiththeelements,HsaysAlbertGalyfromtheUniversityofCambridge.4849Heexplainsthatsulphur/¼3,forexample,showsupinthreedifferentspots—oneforsulphide/¼ᓄᱥ3,whichisfoundinmineralsoneforsulphitez/¿¼⏚Á3,andoneforsulphate,whichisfoundinseasalt.Hehasalsoincludedsymbolstoshowwhichionsarenutrients,andwhicharecommoninsoilorwater.50A.Andthesizeofelement1ssymbolreflectshowmuchofitisfoundintheEarth*scrust.B.Thetraditionalperiodictablewaswelldrawn.C.Railsbackhaslistedsomeelementsmorethanonce.D.nIimaginethatthiswouldbegoodforundergraduates.nETherehavebeenmanyattemptstoredesigntheperiodictablesinceDmitriMendeleevmadeitupin1871.F.Railsbackhasstillorderedtheelementsaccordingtothenumberofprotonstheyhave.6ᑖYÂã☢Ḅᦻᨵ15ᜐ£¤!"᪷?ᦻᑁA#ᜐ£¤%&1ᨬg⌱⚗஺RobotsMayAllowSurgeryinSpaceSmallrobotsdesignedbyUniversityofNebraskaresearchersmayallowdoctorsonEarthtohelpperformsurgeryonpatientsinspace.Thetiny,wheeledrobots51areabout3inchestallandaswideasazlipstickcase,canbeslippedintosmallincisions/ᑗÅ3andcomputer-controlledbysurgeonsindifferentlocations.Somerobotsareequipped52camerasandlightsandcansendimagesbacktosurgeonsandotherstowhichsurgicaltoolsareattached,canbe53remotely.z

7HWethinkthisisgoingto54opensurgery,HDr.DmitryOleynikovsaidatanewsconference.Oleynikovisa55incomputer-assistedsurgeryattheUniversityofNebraskaMedicalCenterinOmaha.OfficialshopethatNASAwillteach56tousetherobotssoonenoughsothatsurgeriescouldonedaybeperformedinspace.Onearth,thesurgeonscouldcontroltherobotsthemselves57otherlocations.Forexampletherobotscouldenablesurgeonsinotherplaceszto58oninjuredsoldiersonthefrontline.Researchersplantoseekfederalregulatory59earlynextyear.Testsonanimalshavebeensuccessful,andtestsonhumansinEnglandwillbeginverysoon.Thecamera-carryingrobotscanprovide60ofaffectedareasandtheoneswithsurgicaltoolswillbeabletomaneuver/Æ3insidethebodyinwayssurgeons*handscan11.Theviewsfromthecamera-carryingrobotsare61thanthenakedeyebecausethey62backcolorimagesthataremagnified/ªzᜧ3,Becauseseveralrobotscanbeinsertedthroughoneincision,theycouldreducetheamountand63ofcutsneededforsurgery,whichwoulddecreaserecoverytime.Thisisparticularly64tothosepatientswhohavebeendebilitated/ÇÈÉ3bylongillness.Eventually,Oleynikovsaidthatthetinyrobotsmayenablesurgeonstoworkwithoutever65theirhandsinpatients1bodies."That*sthegoal,HOleynikovsaid.n11*sgettingeasierandeasier.Wecandoevenmorewiththesedevices."51ஹA.sinceB.whichC-whenD.as52ஹA.byB.withC.inD,on53ஹA.controlledB.developedC.repairedD.provided54ஹA.performB.undergoC.followD.replace55ஹA.reporterB.specialistC.designerD.director56ஹA.astronautsB.nursesC.teachersD.trainers57ஹA.byB•ofC.fromD.through58>A.takeB.putC.liveD.work59ஹA.approvalB.questionsC.treatmentD.license60>A.answersB.servicesC.viewsD.insights61ஹA.weakerB.strongerC.poorerD.better62ஹA.sendB.produceC,changeD.create63ஹA.measureB.sizeC.powerD.pressure64ஹA.relevantB.trueC.helpfulD.interesting65ஹA.touchingB.pressingC.holdingD.placing

8Êᫀ:1ᑖ⌱⚗1>BÍq᪆ÏÐ'ÑÒ᪵ḄÔ⚪ᙠÒÐÖḄØᑁ஺scopeØ஺roomÙÚ!£ÚirangeØ!ÛÚicontentᑁAiknowledgeÜÝ஺2ஹDÍq᪆ÏÐ'ÑÞßᙠ<ᔆáâãäå◍ç[஺defectå◍!åè!ᴟê஺functionឋì!ᵨimotionî!ïipartᑖ!ðñifaultᦑó!å◍!ôõ஺3ஹAÍq᪆ÏÐ'Ñ᪛᎔øùᦣ஺scatterᦣû!üᦣ஺disperseᦣû!ýᦣ!þᦣirunᝂ

cry

drop
஺4ஹD᪆Ὂᵨ஺durableὊᵨḄ
ᢝ#Ḅ஺eternal$ឤḄ
&'Ḅfar-reaching()Ḅ
*+Ḅterminal,-Ḅ
./Ḅlong-lastingᢝ#Ḅ
0/Ḅ஺5ஹD᪆123456789Ḅ஺advisable89Ḅ
:;Ḅ஺possible:<Ḅprofitableᨵᑭ:?Ḅ
@AḄ
ᨵBḄeasyC᧕Ḅ
—〉Ḅsensible89Ḅ
G᧽6ᳮḄ஺6ஹA᪆1ḄJ᎛,ᔥNᡃPQ஺startleRᔥPQ,RSᔥ஺frightenRSᔥ,ᔥT;threatenVW,អᔥinterruptᡭZ
ᡭ᡾troubleR\]
ᢚ_஺7ஹB᪆᧖a₠ᚁ
daeᵪ஺barreng᷄Ḅ
₠iḄ஺emptyjḄbareg᷄Ḅ
klḄhairlessmnḄ
oḄbaldo⚔Ḅ
ᐝoḄ஺8ஹD᪆ᡃrḄs᣸uvwPxy஺turmoilz{
|}஺failureᜫ
ᦑdoubtᝰᶧ
ᶧ
ᶧrelief
ῃ
ᦗconfusionz
z{
஺9ஹA᪆ᙢḄPḨᶭ
ᯠN஺readilyᯠᙢ
ᙢ஺willinglyᯠᙢ
ᙢ
ᙢsuddenlyᯠᙢ
¡ᯠquickly¢£ᙢ
¤¥ᙢfirmly¦§ᙢ
¦¨ᙢ
¦©ᙢ஺10>C᪆¤ª«¬P®ᙠ°±²ᳮ⚪஺probe´
µ
°±஺solve¨
¶settle¨
§·explore°¸
°¹
°◅handleᜐᳮ
ᵨ஺11>B᪆▰½¾¿ḄÀÁÂᡃᓺÄ(Å஺formulateÆᑗᙢ▊½
8Æᙢ⊤Ê஺argueËÌ
ËÍstateÎ8
▰½announceÏÐinventÑ8
Òll⌼
Ô᪀஺12>D᪆ᙠÖᑖØᑁÚÛ᎔NᡃḄ¾¿஺demolishÝÞ
Û᎔஺supportßᢝ
àᢝ
ßádisputeÍÌ
ËÍaccept
âã
ädisapproveå8……7┯Ḅ
èÛ஺13>B᪆1P§éN
ê⌕ìí¦ᢝîïᡠᨵñò஺hangon¦ᢝó஺stopworkingôõñòkeepworkingö÷ñòwaitøù
ø᎛restúû஺14ஹC᪆üᢈþÿ
஺renowned℉ḄᨵḄ஺rememberedḄrecommended₞Ḅwell-known℉ḄᡠᕜḄpraisedḄ஺15ஹC

9᪆!"#ᔠ%ᐵ'()*ᑮ,-.ᑮ/0Ḅ12"3#4஺consolidate,-56஺demote78978:raise;<=>strengthen,-56promote?@;ᓣ├஺C2Dᑖ!▅GᑨI16ஹB᪆᪷KC•MCNO᪶QRSTḄUᧇWXYZ[\ᨵḄ]^)_ᙠa25[\஺ᵫcO᪶QRSTḄUᧇ(dWᓻ0ᦪᓝ\஺ᦑ⌱B஺17ஹA᪆᪷KCNMCNOjk1᪶QRḄlᧇmnoSTḄpSqᐹᨵstឋ஺ᦑ⌱A஺18ஹC᪆ᙠv_᪶Uᧇw☢yzᦻ|dᙠC}M;ᑮ~#,ᜧᨵ;ᑮᐸ#41᝞v_᪶UᧇḄ஺ᦑ⌱C஺19ஹA᪆᪷KC}MᨬO,ᜧᨬa᪶Uᧇ_vᙠḄᦔ(*
஺ᦑ⌱A஺20ஹB᪆᪷KᨬMᨬO<ᘤᓭ᩽Ḅ¡¢£n¤¥¦2O)W§¨©ST(ª«¬஺ᦑ⌱B஺21ஹB᪆᪷KCNMᨬOjkḄ2ᱯឋ¯o°±(¦²³´µᦪ¶jk·²¥¸¹
º஺ᵫcOᙠᦪ¶jk·²º»¼½²¾(⍝jkḄᱯÀ஺ᦑ⌱B஺22ஹB᪆ᨬMᑡÂ~ÃᜐᳮstឋUÆᱥḄwȱᨵ(ɼᜐᡠÊ˽ᨵᜐᳮstឋUÆᱥḄÌwÈ஺C3Dᑖ!ᭆÎᜧÏÐᡂÒ23ஹ᪆CNM᎔ᦪCN1Ô⚪2Ö⊤ØÙÚᓽ7ᨵÜݲÞ1ß⌕Ḅáâ஺ãᔠZäᦻO%¦ᜧåæḄÙÚOÊçᡃ¾éêëìᖪq஺ᵫcOMÔ⌕⊤ØÙÚ1ß⌕Ḅᜧåæáâ஺24ஹ᪆᪷KC}Mᨬ"OC}MÔ⌕îïᵯñ1ᨬß⌕Ḅáâᩭó஺25ஹ᪆CôMÊõöஹ☄ᜩÙÚùஹÙú(ᜩü⚜õஹæ>þÿ)ஹ⌕ᜩḄᔜ஺26ஹ᪆!"#⚪"⊤&ᜧ()*+,-⌕஺.Ḽ0123ஹ45ὅ27ஹ8▭:;<=⌕ᜧ()*Ḅ-⌕ឋ஺27>᪆᪷@!AB"CᡃᜩEᜧ()*(themassmedia)GHᡂJKᓟᩩ஺ᦑ⌱F஺28>᪆᪷@P!ஹQ"CᵯSஹ<=ஹ23ஹTUᵯV#W=X(meansofcommunicatingamessage),ᓽᜧ(W=Zᐹ஺ᦑ⌱C஺29ஹ᪆᪷@Qᨬ]B"CᵯS#^_Ḅᩭa(sourceofinformation)஺ᦑ⌱E஺30ஹ᪆᪷@P"CᡃbcE<=ஹᵯSஹ23ḄUᐸe)*ᩭfghiUjᡂ

10klmmakedecisionsandformopinions
oᦑ⌱B஺4nᑖp▅rᳮPt31ஹC᪆ᵫPᨬ]P"Cv8Ḅw₫Uv8Ḅyz{|#}~ᑮᡊẚḄUᑮḄ஺ᵫ!ᡊẚv8Ḅ^_ᙠXm8Ḅv8ᙠ!ᡊ]⍩⍩⚞ᐜ஺ᦑ⌱C஺32ஹD᪆ᵫ!"C¡1987¢v8£ᒕ¥P¦ᵯSᑴ⌼ᖪª«ᨵ⊤&ᵯSZ®¯8ᑁ±²ᦑA┯´µ᪷@!ᨬ]P"C¶·*ᑴ⌼¸¹⌕Ev8±²4ᜫ»+¼᜜8¾ᦈᦑB┯´µ᪷@!᎔ᦪ!"Cv8ḄÂÃZÄÅPÆǪ«ᨵÈᑮÉÊËÌÍᦑC⚗┯´஺!᎔ᦪQ"⊤&᜜8ᑴ⌼ḄÏÐUÑÒÓÔᜧÕÖᐭv8±²ᵫv8ÏÐZØᜫÙnᑖ8ᑁ±²ᦑ⌱D஺33ஹB᪆᪷@Úᨬ]P"CÛÜᖪÝ▾ḄWilliamSahlmanßàáâãPäåS''v8¾çᳮḄèéäê”஺ìᔠQᨬ]P"Cãäåv8Ô☢ïḼ8᜜஺ᵫgðñḄòóóô஺34ஹA᪆᪷@ÚQ"Cõᨵv8àãPö÷ᓫùᙢûüývᐗÿ
ᖪᕜḄ᧕Ḅ஺ᵫὅ2090!"#$%&Ḅ!ᐗ(
ᖪᕜḄ஺ᦑ⌱A஺35ஹB,-᪆/᪷12᛻4ᑖ678Ḅᙠ2090!":;<=◀?@᪀BCDE஺B⚗G!":HᣵᑍKᕒ:MNᔠ⚪Qᦑ⌱B஺RST36ஹD,-᪆/᪷1RSUᨬWX6YZᨵ\]⊤_`aᢣcdஹefDᢘஹhijkஹᜧᾯno஺ᵫRSUp⌕rᑮt4uYZḄvw஺37ஹB,-᪆/᪷1ReURX6hᳮyᶭ{DianeNichols|}tX⊤~Ḅ`''Ḅῳᔾ᡽ᯠW஺"ḼReURS6⊤4᝞஺ᵫ⊤~஺38ஹA,-᪆/ᵫRURX6LynnHarrellᙠ20ᡂᑭ¢ᐲ¤¥¦§Ḅ✌©ᜧrᴊa஺ᵫLynnHarrell«¬¦஺39ஹB,-᪆/ᵫRURX6®{ᡈ᱄±²³Ḅ⌕´µµYZḄ᪷¶஺ᦑ⌱B஺40ஹC,-᪆/ᵫᦻ¸᪗⚪
ᑁ»¼ᦻᙠr½XᨵᐵYZḄ¿À஺ᦑ⌱C஺RÁT41ஹB,-᪆/᪷1RXUᨬWX6BelleoÂ᝛ÄÅÆᩚÈᐝÊḄ«ËÌÍÎÏXÐÑÒÄÓ〈ᑮ᝛ᘂÖ஺ᦑ⌱B஺42ஹD,-᪆/᪷1RSUᨬW6X×®ÊÄBelleḄØÙÚXuᵯÙÜÝÞᵯÙÜÚß

11ᵯᾯÝÞ஺ᦑ⌱D஺43ஹB,-᪆/᪷1RÁU᎔ᦪRÁ6''Ourlabcomputerwouldconverttheelectricalpatternsintoinstructionsthatwoulddirecttherobotarm."ÄᵯâãᓄᘤᢣæḄçèéêḄᵯᾯëSrinivasanìḄᘤí஺ᦑ⌱B஺44ஹC,-᪆/ᵫRÁUᨬWX6îᡃðḄÅñòᘤíḄuóôõÓÚBelleḄóôö}ÝöÏ஺÷<ᩭõùÂᘤíÚBelleöúᐝÊ}÷ûçèüýᡂþ஺45ஹD,-᪆/ᵫᨬWXUᨬWX6ẆḄ᪗ḄḄᜫᡈ!஺ᦑ⌱D஺%5&ᑖ(⊡ᐰ+ᦻ46ஹ./᪆1234-6⊤89ᙢᳫ<=>᦮@ᐗBᕜ⊤Dᓄ=ᦟ=GH᧕J23KL⊤8BruceRailsbackMNᙠᐗBᕜ⊤P☢ᡭẚTUḄ%஺VWᙠXYᐗBᕜ⊤Ḅᦋ[஺E⚗⊤]ḄM^1871_DmitriMendeleev`ᐗBᕜ⊤abcᩭefWghḼjklmnopqᦻὶsᨬuvw஺ᦑ⌱E஺47ஹ./᪆1234L⊤8BruceRailsbackxyz{ᔣ=}/~ᐗBᕜ⊤J23KL⊤8BruceRailsbackᙠḄᐗBᕜ⊤@஺VWBruceRailsbackḄᐗBᕜ⊤Ḅᱯ஺F⚗⊤]ḄBruceRailsbackᯠᢥ᯿ᦪ᣸ᑡᐗBopqᦻὶsᨬuvw஺ᦑ⌱F஺48ஹ./᪆1234L⊤8ᙢᳫᓄ=>⌕YᐗBḄᨵḄ஺D⚗⊤]Ḅ''ᡃ"VYᜧ=}ᨵᜐᓽᐗBḄḄYᜧ=}ᨵᜐopᦻὶsᨬuvw஺ᦑ⌱D஺49ஹ./᪆123Kc£ᐗBu¤⊤8BruceRailsback¥¦ᑡb@ᐗB஺C⚗⊤]ḄBruceRailsbackf¦ᑡb@ᐗBoqᦻὶsᨬuvw஺ᦑ⌱C஺50>./᪆1234L⊤8BruceRailsbackᵨ¨r@©ª«symbols¬஺A⚗⊤]Ḅ©ªsymbol
Ḅᜧ⊤]ᐸᙠᙢ¯Ḅ°±opᦻὶsᨬuvw஺ᦑ⌱A஺%6&ᑖ(²³251>B./᪆123ᡠᙠLµ▲ᑴឋ¹º^L»¼½¾¿ᵨwhich,ᵨᩭᢣÁ4☢Ḅᐜý''Thetiny,wheeledrobots”஺ᦑ⌱B஺52ஹB./᪆1beequippedwithĹ½ÅÆ{u''ÇᜓᨵÉᜓᨵ"ᵨᙠVÊᢣËᘤÇᜓᨵÍËÎÏ஺ᦑ⌱B஺53ஹA./᪆123ᡠᙠᑖLXḄÐᨵÑÒᘤÓḄËᘤÔcÕÖ×Øᑴ«control
஺developÙÚ,ÜÙÝᓣJrepairßᳮß⊡ßáJprovideÝâ஺54ஹD./᪆123ᡠᙠᑖLXḄËᘤÑÒᓽ`Áã«replace
ÜäÑÒ஺perform᡻Ã⊤æJundergoᔊJfollowèéêé஺55ஹB./᪆1᪷ìpqᦻᡠíOleynikovîᵯᾯñÑÒḄò>«specialist
஺reporteróὅ;designerlmὅöᑜὅJdirectorøù¼æ஺

1256ஹA./᪆1NASAúûû>ü2üᜩþ«NationalAeronauticsandSpaceAdministration
Ḅÿ
ᡠᐸᦟᕒastronaut
ᵨᘤ஺nurseteacherᦟtrainerᕒ஺57ஹC᪆ᡠᙠ!"Ḅ$
᜜&'()*from
ᐸ+ᙢ-.ᑴᘤ஺ᵫ1Ḅ''otherlocations஻)3
45⊤7,'*……ᙢ-஻
ᦑ⌱C஺58ஹD᪆workonsb.$=>?@
AB$,'CDEFG஻
ᵨᙠ45⊤7ᐸ+ᙢ-Ḅ᜜&'(HIJKLᕒEFG஺ᦑ⌱D஺59ஹA᪆ᡠᙠ!"Ḅ$
ẆNᕒO⌕ᔣὶSTUᑴVWḄXᢝapproval
஺questionZ⚪;treatment]ᶭlicense᡻᯿
a)b஺60ஹC᪆ᵫcᳮ)3
eᨵ᯿gḄᘤHhijklḄmnview
஺ᵫo!pḄ''Theviewsfromthecamera-carryingrobots஻qrJ3⌱sC⚗஺answeruv
vᫀserviceᨴyzinsight{៉஺61>D᪆᪷~1Ḅ''thataremagnified஻)3
ᘤhiḄnᱏᜧ஺ᵫ
ᘤhiḄmnḄIḄbetter
஺weakerstronger
poorer஺62ஹA᪆sendback$=>?@
AB$''〈u
⌨஻
ᵨᙠ45ᢣe᯿gḄᘤ〈uḄn஺ᦑ⌱A஺63ஹB᪆᪷~"Becauseseveralrobotscanbeinsertedthroughoneincision")3
ᦪᘤ)ᐭ¡Lr
ᡠᘤ)¢£FGᑐrḄᦪ¥¦ᜧ§size
஺measure¨©powerª¥pressure«ª஺64ஹC᪆''This஻ᢣḄ$J¡!
ᓽᘤ)¢£FGᑐrḄᦪ¥¦ᜧ§
®¯°Ḅ±ᨵhelpful
orelevantgᐵḄtrue³´ḄinterestingᨵµḄ஺65ஹD᪆4!¶⊤7Ḅ$,·¸ᘤ᜜&'(ᵨ¹Fᐭplace
±ºᑁ¼)IᐸEFG஺touch½᥎
¿½pressᢥ«
ÁÂholdÃÄ
Åᨵ஺