新疆巩留县高级中学2022-2023学年化学高三第一学期期中调研模拟试题（含解析）

《新疆巩留县高级中学2022-2023学年化学高三第一学期期中调研模拟试题（含解析）》由会员上传分享，免费在线阅读，更多相关内容在教育资源-天天文库。

2022-2023
ᓄᔁ⚗1.ὃ⌕ᑏὃ஺2.⚪ᡠᨵ!ᫀ#$%ᡈ'ᑏᙠ!⚪ᓱ*ᙠᔁ+!,ᦔ஺./0ᑖ#$ᵨ2B34+!5.60ᑖ#$ᵨ7⁐9:Ḅ<94+!஺3.ὃ=>?*ὃ$@ᔁ!⚪ᓱAᙠB☢*DEὃᕒᦈH஺/ஹ⌱K⚪LᐳᒹO22PQ⚪஺RQ⚪ᙳTᨵ/PUᔠ⚪Ḅ⌱⚗W1ஹX⏚ZLAFeOD[/\]^Ḅ_ᩭaᜐᳮᑺ*eḄឋg+ᵨ[A.ᨵhiᓄឋ*jklᩔn*opqᱥsᔾ▬aᩖgB.ᨵhopឋ*jklᩔn*iᓄqᱥsᔾ▬aᩖgC.ᨵhiᓄឋ*sᔾ▬aᩖg*opqᱥsklᩔnD.ᨵhopឋ*sᔾ▬aᩖg*iᓄqᱥsklᩔn2ஹᵨwᨵxyzᓄ{|}Ḅ~ᑖᵬஹP*ᑡᑨḄ[A.bஹd᩽▬ᙳᨵᑈB.ᵬ⁐Ḅᵯ᩽ᙳopC.aஹd᩽ᵯ᩽ᙳFe-2e=Fe2+D.XᵬX᧕ῖ⇨3ஹᓄ¤¥ஹ¦§¨©©ªᐵ*ᑡᨵᐵ¬®Ḅ[LWA.“☘²/³*´a6ᓣ¶*·¸¹”*»ᕚᕚ½☘²¾Ḅ¿¸ÀÁᓄᓄB.“ÂÃÄÅÆÇÈÉ”*ÊÂᡠËᡂḄ|ÍᨵÎÏÐᦔC.“ÑÒÓXÔ*ÕÖ×ᓄØ”*ÙÚÛÜᣚD.ᔣßàáᐭãᓴjᑴ+ßῖ*ᑭᵨÍçÅèḄឋg4ஹQéêᑴᜓKC1O3ìíîᐸឋg*ÚÛ᝞
⁐⁐aᑡ¬®,ỚḄ[LWA.jᵨ⛳NaCl|}óᓄzAB.ᡂKC1OḄôõöÛ÷3cL+6OH-=CIO+5C1-+3HO32

1C.øù¸úû,⁐|}aÁü*wáýH2SO4?*|}þ,⁐D.ÿ
ឋᩩᓄឋC12>KC1O3,⏚ឋᩩᓄឋCl2?@ᡠB;⏚C0DᵯFC.CO2ஹNMḄ@>GHBIᵯᡠBCO2ஹN%0ᵯFD.JᵯF>GḄIᵯKLM67JDᵯF>GḄIᵯKLM67D7ஹᓄN-PᵯQ06RᵯFHSTUVḄWXᵯQ᝞YᡠZ)ᵯQ[!PbO+Cu+2H2SO4=PbSO4+CuSO4+2HOᑡᨵᐵ\ᵯQḄ245Ḅ0)22oA.ᵯQ]^_ᵯ`ᵫCuᵯ᩽cᵯF>GUᔣPb2ᵯ᩽B.ᵯQ]^ef3ᵯF>GḄg⌲ijkC.4᩽!lPbO+2e+4H++SO4=PbSO+2HO242D.ᵯQ]^ef3mnᵯ᩽Ḅgᙳjk8ஹoK"p⏚!qK"rᓄs>G!Ḅᱥ0)A.FeB.FeiOjC.AlD.AlCh9ஹᨵᐵHF"HC1ᑨ-45Ḅ0A.tuHF>HC1B.tKHF>HC1C.v7ឋHC1>HFD.ᐳᵨᵯ`yz{f|HC1>HF10ஹ}~0.10molL“p⏚ᐭ20.00mL0.10mol-L“@3>G3pH"pOHᐭp⏚ᓄ᝞YᡠZ஺&pOH=-lgcOH
,ᑡ45Ḅ0

2A.MᡠZ>G3HKᙠC(C)>C(NH4+)B.NᡠZ>G3HKᙠc(NH+)+C(NH.HO)=C(CI)432C.Qp⏚@ា3"D.MᑮQᡠZ>G3@Ḅᵯf|ᐜᜧjk11ஹᑡ!Ḅ`fl45Ḅ0A.ᔣ>G3Ba(OH)z>GាSO?-¡¢ᐰ2A1"+3SO%+3Ba2++60ir=3BaS041+2A1(OH”IB.SO?¤¥ᐭNaClO>G3SO+2C1O+HO=SO2-+2HC1O224C.ᔣFeB/>G3¥ᐭegCh2Fe2t+4Br+2Cl=2Fe3t+2Br+4Cr22D.V0"⏚ឋ¦§⏚¨>G!5V02++Mn04+H0=Mn2t+5V0+2Ht212ஹ~H2c2஺4ḄᵯᦪKai=5.4X10-2,Ka2=5.0Xl()-5஺ᙠVimL0.1molL-iH2c2O4>G30.1molI/KOH>Gªᔠ>G3@ᵯḄc@(H+)KOH>GVḄᐵ᝞YᡠZ஺ᑡ245Ḅ0()A.Vi=20mLB.b"dy!Ḅ>G3ᙠc(K+)=c(HC2O4)+2c(C2O42)C.~@®¯by!Ḅ>G®¯>GpHjkD.~KHC2O4ḄKhi=2xl(W°13ஹᑡᑖ`39?±ᨵ᩽ឋtḄ:᩽ឋᑖ`Ḅ0A.CHB.HOC.HC1D.Br42214ஹᑡ2┯/Ḅ0A.²ᓄ;Hᵨ?ᩔ´µ¶B.SiCh"r·⏚ஹrᓄs>GK¸¹!ᦑ»¼mឋᓄᱥC.½ℍ⃔⏀ÁÂÃḄ_ÄugÄᐸÅÆ60Ãef3¹ᡂÈᨵ✏ᕡḄË

3D.y?ᙠÌ7ᩩ!ᱥKÍÎ_¸¹Ïn!ḄÐÑᳮÓḄÔᓄᑺHBᜧÖ|צØ᪗%ᱥᙠᨬÛ%ᱥ3ḄÜ᳛15ஹÞÎßẆáâ|yᓄßã⊝Ḅåæᑡ245Ḅ0&Cr2஺1-(aq)(ç⁐)+ê0(1)^=^250(aq)(ë⁐)+2H+(aq)z\H=+13.8kJmol"ìíîᎷ11òóôõöb3÷⁐MõöaÜø>ðñG÷⁐ù஺â;⏚õöc~|ᶍᨵᓣ¦\1/>G÷⁐õöaûÜü஺SmLO.Imol^LKCr«O^HIt;A.\!06nᓄýÅ!B.ôõöb3>G÷⁐MḄØḄ0C^O/¢ᐰ!C.yÜaஹbHBÿ
ᡂᱥ⊝ᔣD.c⊝⌮Ḅ⊝ᦪᜧ16ஹᑡḄ!A.ᵨ50mLḄ#$#%5.8mL&⏚B.ᵨPH()*0.1molL-iḄNaClO+,ḄpHC.ᵨᡲ.ᜩ0#5.85gḄNaClD.ᵨ250mLḄ1#23ᑴ230mLḄO.lmol-L-'NaCl+,17ஹᑡ56ᵫ89:;<=>ᑴ%?6ᵫ89:@⏚=>ᑴ%Ḅ!A.FeChB.A1C1C.FeChD.CuCh318ஹABḄCDᡂEஹFEGⅾIḼKLMN஺ᑡPᡂEஹFEḄQRḄ!A.“ᵞV᝞⛶”Z[\ᙳᨵ_ᕡB.“a᪛cd”Ḅᯚafgh!89ᐗjḄᯚ⁐C.“lmnVopqm”Zrsg#:tḄm:llḄ6#uD.“᳝w᳾wᡂᘤ”“z{|6ᡂ}”~ḄᙳnᓄLᓄ19ஹ201912ᨴᩭᡃᑖᙢ~ḄḼḄᏉ஺ᑡᨵᐵZḄ!A.ᵫC,H,Oᐗj¡ᡂB.¢£¤Ḅᰚ¦§ᐹᨵ᪶ªᵨᐸ¬⌕®ᧇn°±²9qᨵ³uᑖ´ᩞᧇC.¶·ᓄ¸ஹ¹⏣ஹ¶·¹⏚»¼,ᙳ½¾·ᓄo¿ᑮ¼ḄÁḄD.“84”¼,ᨵᦔᡂᑖnNaClO
½ÃÄᔓᮣ¬⌕ᡂᑖn@⏚ÇÈᔠÊᵨ20ஹᐗjËᙠ+,ᨵDÍᙠÎÏÐ᝞ÑV2+Ò⁐ÇஹV3+Ó⁐ÇஹVO2+Ô⁐ÇஹVOÕ⁐Ç»஺Ë,½ᐙᵯᵯØ

4ḄÙ®ᳮ᝞ÛᡠÝ஺ÞMᐙᵯßàá+,â⁐ᵫÔ⁐⌲änÕ⁐+,c(H+)=L0molL-i,▢æ´nSO
ᑡZwçᓭḄ!abg´éᣚëA.a᩽nᵯØḄ᩽B.ᐙᵯß□᩽ᵯ᩽ÏnV()2++H2O—e-=VO+2H+C.îᵯ¶ïðá+,â⁐ᵫÒ⁐nÓ⁐D.îᵯßᵯ´ᵫC2᩽ñòóéᣚëñᔣG᩽21ஹᑡÛÝḄfôõö6f÷rfôÁḄḄ!0Imo1/LBaCh+,C.øô;<Ãù&⏚ú!ᔲ~üÈᔠ,0.1moVLO.lmol,LFcCk
C11SO4
D.PÐFe3+:CM+PHOᑖQḄþᓄᦔÿ225%Ḅ஺2
22ஹᑡᵨḄ(

5A.ḄB.Ḅ⁐C.↾ᨵ⏚Ḅᴻ☠!D.↾ᨵ"⏚Ḅᴻ☠!#ஹ%⌱'⚪)ᐳ84ᑖ.23ஹ)14ᑖ.M23456789:;Ḅ<ᕡ>஺@AC9ᙠD7EFGHIJ⁐Kᯚ஺MᐸOᱥQRḄSᓄᐵV᝞XYᡠ[)\ᑖ]ᱥ@ᶍ_.)1.`A2ᙢc7deᨬgḄhiᐗklmAḄnᓄᱥopqᓄrstuᔠlwᑮḄyzᱥ7Aᐗk7AᐗkḄQe{slᑣAḄ}nᓄᱥopqᓄrḄᱥQḄe~9)2.`A2CO஺lABᡠwḄ"⏚lHḄᱥQḄeᡠ"⏚tRḄᐵV᝞Yᡠ[lᑣAB7ḄQ)ᓄ.lᱥQḄe»)3.`A2"lAᑖBஹF5ᡂ⁐ᐹᨵឋᕡḄlᑣAḄᓄo)4.`A2"lABuᔠm]5J⁐yzRᮞ
⁐lᨬᡂ⋎⁐ḄE,ᔣG7ᐭKSCN©⁐lᑣᵫASᓄᡂEḄ«¬®2.)5.`A2l±9dᨵ²TஹNHAMg2+ஹFe^ஹAl3\SO]ஹC)V7Ḅ¼½«¬l¾ᔣ}7ᐭB¿GÀ5ᡂyzḄᱥQḄeÁBḄtG5᝞Yᡠ[ᓄlᵫÂ9Al}7ÃÄdᨵḄ«¬

624ஹ(12ᑖ)ÆÇ⏚È(ÊËPC)2Ì⌕Ḅήᛛᧇl¼PCᛛᧇ(N)ḄᔠᡂÑÒ᝞X:@AR1COOR2+R30HÔᓄᑺ>R1COOR3+R20H(1)জḄ×Ø2oK7dᨵḄÙÚÛË2஺(2)EḄÛË2஺(3)ট2ᡂlGḄ᪶ÞᐳßpàᨵáâlGḄã᪀Ê2»(4)ঢḄᓄ®2.(5)ড7çᨵ95ᡂᑖ¬C9Hl2஺2]ᱥ஺ᑖ¬C9Hl2஺2èᔠXᑡᩩëḄìᑖí᪀ᐳᨵ஺ᑏHᐸ7ï᪶Þᐳßpàᨵ5ðâḄᱥQḄã᪀Êa.iñò✏ᓄᔠᱥlôõö±ᨵï÷øùúb.lmol}ᱥQûὑImolNaOH25ஹ(12ᑖ)ýþÿḄᐹᨵ⌕஺(1)Ḅᑴᜓᑭᵨ஺জᔠᡂḄᓄ.ঝᓄᓄᡂ!ᓄ"#$Ḅᓄ஺(2)Ḅ%&'(஺)*+,-.᪷01(34")6&Ḅ'(ᜓ7ᐵ9஺ᑭᵨ,:;ᘤ'()*+"=&Ḅ>?@᝞BC

7জᑭᵨ⊝ᳮᑖ᪆᪵"#ᐭNaOH
Ḅᵨ%஺ঝ'ᑭᵨ()*ᘤ,1L᪵"Ḅ-ᐰ/ᓄ1N223/4ᵯ6Ḅᱥ8Ḅ916X10“mol,ᑣ᪵"(;(<)91mg-L1஺(3)Ḅ/ᓄ?@◀஺BCᱥDᧇᵯF(MFC)GHIJᓄ@◀ᢈL஺M1MFCNὶᔠQ2@◀Ḅ/ᓄRSᳮTM஺UVAஹBW᩽CᡂCO2ZN2Ḅᱥ8Ḅ9[\15:2,ᑏ^A᩽Ḅᵯ᩽_`a%஺26ஹ(10ᑖ)bcN⏚┛fg`ᵨhiஹᛛᧇஹ⌼lஹᓄmnᩞஹpqஹrᧇஹsti?iuᑺwx஺ᙠzCaCL
"{ᐭN%ZCO2,|;ᑴ~bcN⏚┛஺᪥mC<᝞Mᡠ3ᑴ஺D"ᨵ↾⏚Ḅῃᾦ3M"ᜳᢝUᶍ@஺|⌱ᵨḄᨵ%a.ᮞb.⛳Zᓄ┛
c.6mol/L⏚d.ᓄ╆e.¡¢ᓄ┛஺ABCE(DA"ᑴᜓ(23ᡠ◤(⌱¥¦§¨©)o(2)B"ªᨵ⛳ZN⏚¡«
3ᐸᵨo(3)ᑏ^ᑴ(Ḅᓄm®a%o

8(4)ᙠ¯®"3ᔣC"{ᐭ(ᨵᐜ²³¨3ᐜ{ᐭ(Ḅᓄma%஺(5)D^´ᜐᔲᨵ(⍎^Ḅ¸o(6)ᑏ^ᑴbcN⏚┛Ḅᓄm®a%o27ஹ(12ᑖ)¹⁐»¼½᪵|ᨵFeGZCu£"ḄGHᡈWH3᪥ᓄm¿ÀÁÂÃÄᐸᡂÅwÁÂ஺Æ▅Èᧇ%CU2஺ᙠ⏚ឋ
"ÊËC_`%CU0+2H+=CU+CU2+4-H022ÁÂG%ᵨ᝞MᡠÅw3ÌÍᑡÎ⚪%(1)Ðᘤ-ᡂ²3ᜳÑÒᜳ3,ᑣÔÕAḄ(sឋÖÑ஺(2)A¡(ḄËC3|;⌱ᵨḄ(¥⌱⚗)஺A.⏚ZØᱏB.Ú⏚ZÛᱏC.¡¢ᓄ«
ZÜᱏD.z⏚Z╅ᱏ(3)Þᑡßà"3⌱áâãḄ³¨%জ________ঞ(¥¨©)஺জᡭçÒᜳঝᰐéCᜐḄ⏀ëìíঞCᜐîᓾðñò²3ᐵôÒᜳটöDCᜐḄ⏀ëìíঠᦈù¡(úûড{ᐭ(Gý2þ3᣸
ᑁḄ(4)᪵ᐭ〉Ḅ⏚⁐ᱥ!ᡂᑣ$%᪵&'CU2஺)*+,-ᔲ/0(2“-"ᡈ“ᔲ”)2“ᔲ”ᑣ89-(ᵨ;<=>?$%))@᪵ᐭ〉ḄAB⏚C!D⁐ḄEF%᪵GH'ᨵ,KLMḄNO〉PQRSMT(2ᑺVWXYZ)ᑣ[F%@Gᡂᑖ]ᙠK_$%᪵&'`ᡂᑖ஺a(5)GH᪵bc,ᐭdḄ⏚KLMefghᑮjE3.2g,gOFe?+ᨵ1.Omol,ᑣ᪵n(CuO)2=molo

928ஹ(14ᑖ)N%fᵨgh⏚-jk஺(1)h⏚CজNH3ᓄᓄᑴh⏚Ḅm!n#$oᐸᓄ.ঝ◀rs᜜ouvᩩxByfz{|B}#$C4NHj(g)+4CH(g)=2NzO(g)+6H2O(g)AH—1105kJ/mol4NH(g)+3O(g)=2NO(g)+6H2O(g)AH=-1269kJ/mol322}#$ᙠᳮᙳᜧo▭+ᜧo»(2)jkCজjkḄᔠᡂᑖna.2NH(g)+CO2(g)^^NHCOONH(1)AH=-117kJ/mol324b.NHCOONH(1)(NH)2(1)+HO(1)AH=+15kJ/mol2422ᑣ6#$2NH3(g)+CO2(g)^=^CO(NH)2(1)+H20(1)ḄAH=»2ঝB@¡n(NH3):n(CO2)=4C1£o¤¥¦CO2Ḅ§ᓄ᳛Ḅ஺©ª¤¥ᓣ¬CChḄ®⊝§ᓄ᳛°ᜧḄ:ঞ(%jk᪵²="&Ḅ³᝞BC´agjk᪵²oµᡠ="·ᐰ§ᓄ¡NH3,ᡠ¹NH3ᵨº&ḄvimLjmolLH2s04¿Àᔾᦈ·ᐰoᒕÄH2s04ᵨV2mLcmol•L_1NaOH¿ÀាÊ+-oᑣjk᪵²+"ᐗkḄÌ&ᑖᦪ229ஹ(10ᑖ)┱Ïᐸᓄᔠᱥᙠஹ+ᨵḼ⌕Ḅᵨ⌶஺ÓÔCSnḄᰚס231࠷Si?+᧕)©ஹ᧕Úᓄ஺Ûᢥ⌕ÝÞßBᑡuᐵá⚪C(l)SnSO4fã⏚ឋKMnCh¿Àç⁐oéº+Si?+§ᓄ¡Sno+,é#$Ḅ01¡.ফᵨg╄┱Ḅì⏚í┱(SnSO஺Ḅᑴᜓîï᝞BC

10混温SnCh合合SnSO,gE物物AcজopIᐭSnqḄrᵨঝopnᵨᑮḄtᴻvᘤᨵbcஹঞopHI!ᡂSnOḄ;<=>?0টopIV{XSnO-ᔲ|}~Ḅr-,F%|஺ঠopVᵫSnSO4NOhᑮSnSChᨔEḄrஹஹfgஹ|}ஹ~஺2022-2023ᔁὃᫀ('᪆)Gஹ⌱⚪(ᐳᒹ22⚪஺¡⚪ᙳ£ᨵG¤ᔠ⚪¦Ḅ⌱⚗)1ஹAூᫀ᪆௃ª«⏚¬ᐹᨵ®¯ᓄឋ[ᩔ³´µ஺¶·!ᡂḄ¸8Cᱥ«;<ᙠNO¹R!ᡂº¯ᓄ«»E,ᔾ▬RḄ¾¿ᱥ9*/0Ḅᫀ⌱A஺2,Bூᫀ᪆௃ᵬ8ᵯÂëḄᔾ¯ῖ⇨a(Fe)Æ᩽aᵯ᩽Ḅᵯ᩽KL?Fe-2e=Fe2+b(C)/᩽,;bᵯ᩽Ḅᵯ᩽KL?(h+4e-+2H2O=4OH-஺ÈᵯÂC(C)□᩽cᵯ᩽Ḅᵯ᩽KL?2Cl-2e=C1t;2d(Fe)▢᩽dᵯ᩽Ḅᵯ᩽KL?2H++2e=Ht«A⚗b᩽▬ËÌᨵÍᑈÏ┯Ñ)B⚗ᵬÒ⁐Ḅ2-/᩽ÈÒ⁐Ḅ-▢᩽8ᵯÂḄ/᩽VᵯÂḄ▢᩽ÓÔ!hᵯ<Ḅ¸8KL/0)C⚗dᵯ᩽Ḅᵯ᩽KL2H++2e=Hf,┯Ñ)D⚗ᵬ«Õ8ᵯÂḄÆ᩽Öῖ⇨È«ÕᵯÂḄ▢᩽Ö×Øᵬ2«ÕÙÈ«ÕÚ᧕ῖ⇨┯Ñ)ᫀ⌱B஺3ஹAூ⚪Ü௃A.☘ÞßḄàᵨḄ-⃓âᱥᳮ=äᦑA┯Ñ)B.æçᡠéᡂḄN»â»EᨵêëìᦔLᦑB/0)C.«ᣚïâðäñï`f>Ô!òᣚKLᦑC/0)D.᪷ô»EḄõö8ᳮ[ᔣøùᐭúᓴ(ü⌕ᡂᑖMgCL)ᑴrøῖᦑD/0)ᫀ⌱A஺4ஹC

11ூ⚪Ü௃A.ÿ
ᨵᢵḄHC1,ᵨ⛳NaClᔾᦈḄHCLᑮᓄḄḄᦑAAB.CLKOHᙠᩩ!"#$ᡂKCIO3,ᐸ'()*+,3cL+6OH-=C1O+5CI-+3HO,ᦑB2C.-./0123⁐a567
89H2s04:$Ḅ'("#,CIO+6C+6H+=3I+CF+3HO,22;⁐ᦑC┯=>D.᪷@B⌱⚗ᑖ᪆EᑮFGHIJKLឋᩩ!Nᓄឋ஺2>KCK)3,⏚ឋKCIO3HC1"#$ᡂQR⏚ឋᩩ!Nᓄឋ>C12CfCOlCO,vᔠZᓄᐵ\ᦑAB.M_Ca(0H)2,X_Na2cO3,Ca(OH)NaiCOy>CaCO,CaCChx`ydzNa2cO3"#ᦑB┯=23C.M_NaOH,X_CO2,gᙠZᓄᐵ\>NaOH9>Nag®>NaHCOஹ,vᔠZᓄᐵ\ᦑCD.M_CL,X_Fe,gᙠZᓄᐵ\>C/FeCl.FeCl,vᔠZᓄᐵ\ᦑD஺22Uᫀ⌱B஺6ஹDூ⚪tu௃A.|`⏚"#$ᡂ}~ḄNᓄᱥ,LឋNᓄᱥLឋNᓄᱥ_Nᓄᱥ|`L"#$ᡂ}~ḄNᓄᱥ,⏚ឋNᓄᱥ⏚ឋNᓄᱥx_Nᓄᱥ᝞M112O7_Nᓄᱥ5⏚ឋNᓄᱥᦑA┯=B.ᵯul_ᙠ~
ᡈᰚ᝱!`ᐰᵯ'Ḅᵯul⏚_Ḅ}ᢗᐭ~
ᵯឋᰚ᝱ᐰᵯ'ᡠBaSCh_ᵯulᦑB┯=C.CO2ஹNH35~ᑖq$ᡂ⏚ஹ~ᔠ⏚ஹ~ᔠ`ᵯ'ᐸ~ᙳ`ᵯᵯ'(x_CO2ஹNMᵯ'Ḅὅx5ᵯul,ᵯulᦑC┯=D.ᵯ`Ḅz¡zᵯḄᵫ£¤Ḅ'(Ḅ¥¦ᜧ¨ᨵᐵᵯul᝞©¥¦ª¨ᵯ`«`¬¥ḄᵯulḄᵯ`ᦑDUᫀ,D஺

127ஹCூ⚪tu௃A.ᵯ®¯°ᵯ(x`±²ᵯul|`ᙠ᜜ᵯ´
±¤ᦑA⚗┯=B.ᵫᵯµ"#¶/"#ḄPbO2,Imol,ᑣᵯul
¸¹2moiO,1molCu,º1¹ImolSOj,ᑣ¸º1Ḅl2»¼"#½:ᵯulḄl2xeᦑB⚗┯=C.ᵫµ"#¶PbChEᵯ(᩽"#+,PbO2+2e-+4H++SO=PbSO4+2H2O,ᦑC⚗D.᩽"#$ᡂḄ⏚¿▬ḼᙠPbO2ᵯ᩽Fᐸl2¸ᦑD⚗┯=ᦑ⌱C஺8ஹCூ⚪tu௃A.Fe`z}⏚"#xzÂNᓄÃ"#ᦑA┯=B.FezCh,LឋNᓄᱥ`z}⏚"#xzÂNᓄÃ"#ᦑB┯=C.A1z}⏚"#$ᡂᓄÄzÂzÂNᓄÃ"#"#$ᡂÅÄ⏚ÃzÂᦑCD.AlCbzÂNᓄÃ"#xz}⏚"#ᦑD┯=Uᫀ⌱C஺ூUᫀÆÇ௃ÈÉḄÊ`}⏚"#Ë`ÂNᓄÃ"#ḄᱥlᨵAlஹAI2O3ஹA1(OH)3
9ஹBூ⚪tu௃A.FḄÌ(ÍάC1Ì(¨ᑣÏÐ>HFVHCLᦑA┯=B.ÏÐÑÒÏ`ÑᜧᑣÏ`>HF>HC1,ᦑBC.ឋÑÂᓄᱥÑÓFḄឋ¬C1ᑣÓឋ>HCKHF,ᦑC┯=D.ᵯÔឋÕÖÑᜧᐳᵨᵯ(ØÅ£*¦ÑᜧFḄᵯÔឋᨬᜧᑣᐳᵨᵯ(ØÅ£*¦>HCKHF,ᦑD┯=Uᫀ,B஺10ஹBூᑖ᪆௃ÚÛ!Kw=c(H+)xc(OH)=1014,ᑣḄpH+pOH=14,ᵫÜEQÆḄpH=pOH,ᑣQÆᕈ
ឋMÆᕈLឋNÆᕈ⏚ឋ஺@RÞmᔠ
Ḅßឤᐵ\opᑨr஺ூ⚪tu௃A⚗MÆᕈLឋc(OH-)>c(H+),᪷@ᵯ₹ßឤE>c(C1)c(OET),᪷@ᵯ₹ßឤE>c(NH+)

13ᑴ«xîòoᡠMÆᑮQÆᡠó
~Ḅᵯ'*¦¸ᜧᦑD┯=஺SFᡠGvᔠ⚪ôḄ⌱⚗,B஺11ஹDூUᫀu᪆௃A.ᔣKö
8Ba(OHbាæèSO÷øùᐰ°Ä'(ាæᐰZᓄ,ÅÄ⏚᪷'(Ø#Ḅ'()*+,>2Ba2++2SO42-+A13++4OH
=2BaSO41+AlO2-+2H2O,ᦑA┯=B.'("#SO2+2C1O-+H2O=S(V+2HC1O½:NÌ(úᦪxßឤஹ|ᨵᜫᵯ(ýᨵEᵯ(12ḄNᓄþᐭNaClO
Ø#Ḅ'()*+,>3C1O+SO+HO=SO?+2HCIO+C1,ᦑB┯=22C.'("#2Fe2++4Br-+2cl2=2Fe3++2Br2+4Cÿ
ᵯ₹ឤᔣFeBnᐭClḄ23C12+2Fe2++4Br=2Fe3++6Cr+2Br,ᦑC┯2D.5VO2++MnO4-+H2O=Mn2++5VCh++2H+ᔠᓄ!"#ஹᵯ₹ឤ%!&ᦪឤᦑD()*ᫀ⌱D஺ூ*ᫀ/0௃2⚪4⌕ὃ789:;ᑏ(Ḅᑨ>?*@AB⚪◤D“FG”%“F7”஺(1)IJ“FG”GK᛻GMNOPGᱥRSḄᐵU஺(2)ᱞW“F7”7ᱥXYᔲ[\ᑖᡂ_:7F&ឤ7▢□Ḅbcdef_ᡂᓄᔠᱥgḄbcYᔲhi஺12ஹDூ⚪jk?௃A.᪷mno[pq?ḄrstqḄᵯᙠVimLO.lmokl/H2c2஺4vw0xmolL"KOH20mL,ាz{ᡂK2OO4,|}ឋ@gqᵯḄcq(H+)ᨬᜧ@₝⏚Vi=10mL,ᦑA┯B.bஹd/qᵯIxloZnol/L,b/ឋᙠᵯ₹ឤc(K+)+C(H+)=C(OH-)+C(HC2O-)+2C(C2O42-),ឋᑮc(K+)=c(HC2O4-)+2c(CO42-),d/}ឋc(K+)>42C(HC2O-)+2C(C2O42-),ᦑB┯;4C.wqb/ḄKHC2O4%K2c2஺4Ḅᔠst₝⏚᪷ᵯஹ₝⏚᪷q?,
pH>7,ᦑC┯K10-14D.C2O42-+H2O=HC2(V+OH-ḄKh=~^y=2xl0-i஺ᦑD()K5.0x10஺a2ᦑ⌱D஺ூ*ᫀ/0௃2⚪Ḅ᧕┯/B,⌕IJbஹd/qᵯhY1x1()-7moi/L,b/ឋd/}ឋ஺13ஹAூᑖ᪆௃ᵫiᐗ¢£ᡂḄᐳ¥¦᩽ឋᐳ¥¦ᵫ᩽ឋ¦᪀ᡂḄ(©ᵯ₹ª«ªᔠḄᑖ¬᩽ឋᑖ஺

14ூ⚪jk?௃A.CH4C-H¦᩽ឋ¦ᑖ(☢(©ᵯ₹ª«ªᔠ¯°¬᩽ឋᑖᦑAᔠB.H2OO-H¦᩽ឋ¦ᑖV±(©ᵯ₹ª«ªᔠ¯°᩽ឋᑖᦑBᔠC.HC1C1-H¦᩽ឋ¦ᑖ²³±(©ᵯ₹ª«ªᔠ¯°᩽ឋᑖᦑC┯D.B஺Br-Br¦¬᩽ឋ¦Y¬᩽ឋᑖᦑD┯*ᫀ⌱A஺14ஹBூ*ᫀ?᪆௃Aஹ´µ¯°¶·X¸ᓄ¹º»¼¶·X½ឋ¾¿ᩔÁÂÃA()஺BஹSiO2d}{ᡂr%q¯°⏚ឋᓄᱥSiO2d⏚{ᡂr%qÄᯠSiO2[dHF⏚{ᡂḄSiF4¯°ᐳ¥ᓄᔠᱥ,YrAᱥXᡠ»SiCh¯°}ឋᓄᱥᦑ[ÇÈឋᓄᱥB┯஺CஹÉℍ⃔⏀ᙠÍ9ᐸḄÏ⏣ÑᑖÒᓄÏ⏚Ï⏣dÏ⏚{ᡂᐹᨵ✏ᕡḄÏ⏚Ï×ᡠ»Éℍ⃔⏀ØÙÚḄgSÛÜXÛzC()஺DஹᱯÞḄßᓄᑺᐹᨵ⌱áឋâã&äᨵßᓄNᵨᡠ»ᳮçḄßᓄᑺº»¼ã&ᡂ4⌕¿èᜧj᪗êᱥḄê᳛ìíᐸᙠᨬîêᱥḄbcD()஺()*ᫀB/0ᳮ?⏚ឋᓄᱥஹ}ឋᓄᱥஹÈឋᓄᱥḄᭆðY?⚪Ḅᐵ¦dqâ{ᡂ⏚ᡈd}â{ᡂr%qḄᓄᱥ⏚ឋᓄᱥdqâ{ᡂ}ᡈd⏚â{ᡂr%qḄᓄᱥY}ឋᓄᱥò[d⏚ó[d}ôᙳâ{ᡂr%qḄᓄᱥYÈឋᓄᱥ᝞AhO»315ஹDூ⚪jk?௃A.÷ᐗ¢ᓄᔠ¥ø{½ᓄY&ᓄ!A┯B.º⌮50g[úᐰB┯C.baஹb,ø{½ᓄᱥஹ{ᡂᱥḄüýþ⁐
ᡂᱥ⊝ᔣC┯D.⏚ᨵᡠᓣ"#$%ᔾ#$⊝'ᦪ)ᜧᶍᨵᓣ"⊝ᔣ,⁐.
/▭12%3,⁐4a567⌕9:%;<=)ᜧ>?c@⊝⌮DBCᫀ⌱D஺16ஹDூ⚪JK௃A.50mLḄNOP%1mL,QRᵨ50mLḄNONT5.8mL⏚ᦑA⚗┯B.NaClOᐹᨵXYឋQRᵨpH>[\]ᐸpH_ᦑB⚗┯C.ᡲaᜩP%0.1g,QRᵨᡲaᜩcN5.85gḄNaCLᦑC⚗┯D.dᨵ230mLefḄgNh◤⌕ᵨ250mLḄgNhjᑴ230mLḄO.lmolL*NaCllᦑD⚗BᦑCᫀmD஺17ஹBூ⚪JK௃A.FenCLoᩩqr#$ᡂFeCb,ᦑFeCLᵫtunvwxy#$zᑮᦑA|ᔠ⚪~;

15B.AlnCLoᩩqr#$ᡂAlCb,AIn⏚#$ᡂAlCbnH2,ᦑB|ᔠ⚪~C.FenChoᩩqr#$ᡂFeCb,Fen⏚#$ᡂFeCLnH2,ᦑC|ᔠ⚪~D.CunCLoᩩqr#$ᡂCuC12,Cu⏚#$ᦑD|ᔠ⚪~Cᫀ⌱B஺18ஹBூᑖ᪆௃A.ᨵḄdᨵᕡ᝞ஹ:B.tuḄᯚ⁐utuᐗ:Ḅᯚ⁐#$C.ᓄmḄᔾD.ᨵᱥᡂḄᓄmᓄᓄ஺ூ⚪JK௃A.%ᡠᨵḄᨵᕡ᝞ஹ:⌱⚗A┯B.᪛¢£”@Ḅᯚ/¥%tuᐗ:Ḅᯚ⁐#$⌱⚗BBC.ᓄmḄᔾ9¦§NnḄnḄN"⌱⚗C┯D.᳝©᳾Ḅ@dᨵᱥᡂuᱥᳮᓄ⌱⚗D┯Cᫀ⌱B஺ூCᫀ¬௃®⚪ὃ°ᱥᓄஹᯚ⁐#$±²³´µ¶·²³Ḅ¸¹ºBC®⚪»¶·ᓄ¼Ḅὶ¾.⚪JÀᜧ%ÁẠ⚪஺19ஹBூ⚪JK௃A.»ÃÄÅÆᡂᑖmÇYn᪶⏚Éᡂᐗ:ᨵCஹHஹOஹN±ᦑA┯B.ÊË@ÌḄᰚÎÏᐹᨵ᪶ÐÑᵨᐸ7⌕ÒᧇmÔÕÖÔÕÖ%ÕÖoᡂÔᔠᡂḄ"ᑖ=ᓄᔠᱥuᨵ×"ᑖ=ᩞᧇᦑBBC.Ùᓄ;ஹÙÚ⏚ஹÚ⏣ÜÅÆḄÇYឋᜫÞᳮ¼ឋßᑮàÆJḄᦑC┯D.áâ“84”àÆlãᔓᮣæ7⌕ᡂᑖ%⏚çèᔠÜᵨᑣêᨵÆwëCL,#$Ḅ<=ìím3Cr+ClO+2H+=Clf+HO,îὅèᔠÜᵨᦑD┯஺22Cᫀ⌱B஺20ஹDூ⚪JK௃A.ᐙᵯòól,⁐ᵫô⁐⌲öm÷⁐ᓽòó@ùḄᓄm3VO2+fVO,.%VO?+ᜫÞᵯ=mÙᓄ#$ᦑa᩽mᵯüḄ᩽ABB.a᩽mᵯüḄ᩽ᑣýþCim□᩽
ᵯ᩽VO2++HO-e=VO+2H+,B2

16C.ðᵯº+oòó¡ô᩽o{ᓄ#$oᵫV2+÷¡V3+,ᓽòó¿Àù⁐ᵫú⁐÷¡û⁐oCüýD.ðᵯ£oC2᩽¡ô᩽oᵯ1þÿḄ
᩽ᵯᵯD┯ᦑ⌱D஺21ஹBூᫀ᪆௃A⚗ᐜ"ᐭ$%&"ᐭKSCN+,-./FeCb34Fe2+,7893ᨵFe3+,"ᐭKSCN
<=+,┯B⚗>?Ḅ@AᐜBC%ḄDEF@A3ḄG⏣I@ᔾᦈL◀Nᯠ&F@ABPQ⏚S⏚ឋPU⏚SḄV,⁐X8Y⁐./ZG[\?]N^_?ᡂaGbcdC⚗ef⏚g3hᐭBaCLk=>?l⁐mn-o/^_&pᔠ3
<4SO4*,┯D⚗FeChvCuSOs3▢ஹ□{|}Y~./^_᳛Ḅ}□{Ḅ}Ḅ┯ᫀ⌱B஺⚪ὃFe2+ஹGbஹSCh?•Ḅvᓄᑺᓄ^_᳛Ḅ⚪Ḅᐵ᣸◀ᐸᱥḄ᡾(᝞B⚗)ᓄᑺᓄ^_᳛Ḅ_ᵨ¦ᑴ+¨~஺FeCb3ᔲ4Fe2+_ᵨ⏚ឋKMnCh$@¬ef⏚gᔲ\?^__ᔣ^_&Ḅpᔠ3ᐜ"®¯⏚⏚ᓄ°"ᐭBaCb±Fe3+vCtP+H2O2ᑖḄᓄᦔ·¸FO.lmol/LCuSChᣚᡂO.lmol/LCuCL஺22ஹCூ⚪¿À௃A.Á@BᐭÂ⏦3\?^_NH3+H2O=NH3-H2O,NH-HO-NH4++OH,ᕈÈឋÂᲩ32+,ÊË̸Í-ᵨÎÁ@ḄÏᙠAÑ⚪ÒB.Á@Î%ÓᑮÁ%Á%ÕÈឋ-Ö×ØḄ,⁐ÙÚDÛ+ܸᵨÎÁ@BÑ⚪ÒC.Ýf⏚Þᢵ\ឋḄ⏚Á@¬↾ᨵÝf⏚Ḅáᴻã☠å=>?læçËÌ-ᵨÎÁ@CÑᔠ⚪Ò;D.ݯ⏚ᨵᢵ\ឋᢵ\éᩭḄ$ᓄë=vÁ@^_?ᡂ$ᓄ᪶íA$ᓄ᪶ḄíAî⚩ðᑖᦣᙠò@3>?læÊË̸ÍᵨᩭÁ@DÑ⚪Ò஺ᫀ⌱C஺óஹô⌱õ⚪(ᐳ84ᑖ)23ஹ2:3ᡈὅ2:7Na2c஺3vNaHCO31:1(NH4)S04Fe2*+80T+02+2H2(A4Fe(OH)31ᡈὅᑖÿᑏ23Fe2++20H=Fe(0H)1,4Fe(OH)+0+2H0=4Fe(OH)3)H\NHஹAl3\S02'22224ூᑖ᪆௃CᙠD"#$%&'(⁐*ᯚ,ᡠ.C/01D/213A4ᙢ6"78ᨬ:Ḅ<=ᐗ?,ᑣA/AA1CLCDE0FᓄHCDIJKLᔠN,O%PḄQRᨵA13++3OH=A1(OH)31ஹA1(OH)3+OH=A1O2+H2O,ᡠ.PᡂUA⏚HḄWQR/A13++4OH=A1O2+2H2O஺3A4CO21J,AYBCDQRᓽCO2+2NaOH=NaCO3+H2OஹNaCO3+HCl=NaHCO+NaCkNaHCO3+HCl=NaCl+HO+CO2T2232ூ⚪`ab௃(1)cdᑮḄfgᱥ"Aᐗ?YCD"Aᐗ?Ḅi8jI,ᵫQRḄlmnop,qr8s

17n[Al(OH)]=n(A102)
c(AlCl)c(NaOH)=2:7,n[Al(OH)]=n(AlCl)
c(AlCl):c(NaOH)=2:333333ᡠAḄᓄᱥᓄḄᱥḄ!"#$2:3ᡈ2:7஺(2)'ᡠ()0~0.IV*⏚,ᨵ./01
23Ḅ4Na2cO3+HC1=NaHCCh+NaCl0.1~0.3V./5ᐰ01
23Ḅ4NaHC03+HCI=NaCl+HO+CO2T,ᡠA7B89ḄNa2c(hNaHC0᪷;<ὑ*⏚23,Ḅ/>)Na2cChNaHC03ᱥḄ!"1:1஺?ᫀNa2cChNaHC(hஹ1:1஺(3)BBNaOH,A4CD*$NaOH3ᡂᐹᨵGHឋ.ᕡḄ./
ᑣA9LᨵNIVBFHCLA4CD*MA$7ᜧdddHCl3ᡂᐹᨵGHឋ.ᕡḄ./
ᑣA9LᨵS03?-;ᡠA(NH4)2SO3஺?ᫀ(NH4)2SCh஺(4)OA4CD*
A7BPᔠRS3T⁐VWXYMZ[\ᮞ^⁐
ᨬ8\ᡂ`⋎⁐ḄE,ᔣG9cᐭKSCN8e`⁐
fg1Ahi*
EFe(0H)3,ᑣᵫAkᓄᡂEḄlmnop4Fe2++8OH-+C>2+2H2O=4Fe(OH)3jᡈFe2++2OH=Fe(OH)l
4Fe(OH)+O2+2HO=4Fe(OH))»2223(5)ᵫ'#)⍝,stcᐭNaOH,ᨵXY./S3,ᑣCuᨵH+,Cu,ᨵCO2-,8ᩭᨵXYS3Mᨬ8<ᜫ,3ᑣCu,ᨵMg2+,CuLᨵAF+9[xXYḄ\,NH4++OH=NH^HOḄ,ᑣLᨵNIV,ᵫᵯ₹z32ឤ#)⍝CuLᨵSO4%ᵫ#)
|9}uLᨵḄlmH+ஹNH\A1J\SO?',4ூᑖ᪆௃ACH=CH,A23ᓄ3ᡂ,ঞiḄ
3ᡂHOCH2cH20HCHOCOOCH2233ট4cᡂ
᪷;mzឤ)
GC3H6,GḄ᪶ᐳᨵD
ᑣGCH2=CHCH3,᪷;K᪀p)
J523ᓄ3ᡂL
᪷;LᑖmpM᪀p)
Lீ)0H
FஹM23iḄ3ᡂN,FCH3OCOOCH3,EHOCH2cH2OH,ூ⚪௃(1)᪷;ᑖ᪆#)
ACH2=CH2,A23ᓄ3ᡂ
জḄ¢£4¤ᓄᓄ᪷;KḄ᪀p
K9LᨵḄ¥$¦§¨4©ª
?ᫀ¤ᓄᓄ«ª(2)᪷;ᑖ᪆#)
EHOCH2cH2OH,EḄ§¨4¬⏣
?ᫀ¬⏣(3)᪷;ᑖ᪆#®
ট4cᡂ
᪷;mzឤ)
GC3H6,GḄ᪶ᐳᨵD
ᑣGCH=CHCH3,2?ᫀCH2=CHCH3

18(4)FCH30coOC%,FஹM23iḄ3ᡂN,ঢḄᓄ°nop40ᗓᐺnIIOOH+I»CH,O"ᡈ-CH2cH2cH20Hᡈ0ǹÇ0Çᡈ-Crl2-Crl-Cii3CH»CHCH3¬:ÉÇcuᡈCH3cHeH9H,ᑖÊᜐµÌ[ÍÎÏ
ᐳ5x3=15D
Ð#¸¹ÃC¼ÁªC¼ᡈ-CH-CH2-CH34ICH3-O-CH-CH-CH,ᑖÊᜐµÌ[ÍÎÏ
Ñᨵ3X2=6DÒᑖÓ᪀/ᑣÔᔠ⌕ÖḄÒᑖÓ᪀/Ḅᦪ21D᪶223CH3ᐳᨵ5Ø
ÙÚ|ᱥLᨵ5DÒ᛻ḄmC-OH,CH3CHCHCH333HO^^-O-CH
?ᫀ21HO^^^C-OHஹHCM^O-CH°CH3CH3CH3¤ᓄᑺIÝÞßI25ஹN2+3H27------------"2NH4NH3+5O2=S^4NO+6H2Oc(OH)àᜧ
áNHJ+OHVN&HhOeNHj+IhO3ci1+rs]/nnrBi/ãä⊝ᔣæç
ᑭµ3ᡂé.
êë.ᔿ13.4CHjCOO-8e+2HO=2CO+7H+22ூᑖ᪆௃(1)জãíᔠᡂé4ᑭᵨï..ᙠñòñó¤ᓄᑺôᵨõ3ᡂé.ঝé.Ḅ¤ᓄᓄ3ᡂCᓄï÷(2)জ᪷lmàᜧøᔠi᪷lmᑭµ3ᡂé.ঝOᑭᵨé.ùúᘤR1L÷᪵9Ḅéï5ᐰkᓄN2
ý;ïᐗÿឤᵯឤ᪵()(3)ᑖ᪆ᱥᧇᵯ!"ᔣBᵯ᩽%&'A()ᵯḄ+᩽%B()ᵯḄ,᩽%NOy"ᙠ,᩽.ᑮᵯᡂ12)34%CH3COO•ᙠ)ᵯ+᩽ᜫᵯᡂ67ᓄ9:%17ᓄ34%;᛻(⏚ឋ

19@A%BCDE஺ூ⚪IJD௃(1)জMNᔠᡂPᑭᵨ!ᙠSTSUVᓄᑺXᵨY34ᡂ%34ḄᓄZ[\](:VᓄᑺN2+3H22NH3_T_UᦑEᫀ(N+3H2^==^2NH32_TUঝḄVᓄ7ᓄᡂc7ᓄ%34ḄᓄZ[\](d4NH3+5O2eᡃ=4NO+6H20ᦑEᫀ(g4NH3+5O2-^^4NO+6H20g(2)জᑭᵨh⊝)ᳮᑖ᪆᪵kᐭNaOHmnḄXᵨPc(OH-)oᜧ%qNH++OH^NH3«HO#NH3+H2O42h⊝,ᔣr%ᑭsᡂ%tuᔿwᦑEᫀ(c(OH-)oᜧ%qNH4++OH-=NH3H2O=NH3+H2Oh⊝,ᔣr%ᑭsᡂ%tuᔿwdঝx1L᪵Ḅyᐰᓄ(N2{%ᵯḄᱥAḄ(6xlOTmol,|Bᐗ~ឤ.ᐵ]2NH3N26*᪷Bᐵ]ᑡw]2NH3Nz6e'»26n6xl0'4moiᱥAḄ(dn=2xl04mob(2xlO-4mol/L,᪵()=2xl04mol/Lxl7g/mol=3.4xl0-3g/L=3.4mg/LᦑEᫀ(3.4(3)ᵫᑖ᪆ᱥᧇᵯ!"ᔣBᵯ᩽%&'A()ᵯḄ+᩽%B()ᵯḄ,᩽%NO3ᙠ,᩽.ᑮᵯᡂ12)34%CH3COO-ᙠ)ᵯ+᩽ᜫᵯᡂ67ᓄ9:%17ᓄ34%;᛻(⏚ឋ@A%ᑣA᩽Ḅᵯ᩽34](dCHCOO-8e+2HO=2CO2+7H+32ᦑEᫀ(CH3COO-8e+2HO=2CO+7H+.2226ஹac◀CO2ḄHC12NH4CI+Ca(0H)=^=CaCl+2NH3t+2HQNILxḄ⁐22ᙠDwᜐ%%ᑣ'ᨵ⍎w%ᑣ'ᨵ⍎w(ᡈᵨ↾ᨵ¢⏚Ḅ£ᴻ¥☠§Dwᜐ%ᨵ¨©%ᑣ'ᨵ⍎wᨵ¨©%ᑣ'ᨵ⍎w஺)CaCl+H2O+CO2+2NH3=CaC023+2NH4CIூEᫀD᪆௃(1)᪷Bª«ᱯ%A(67ᓄ9Ḅ1ª«%E(Ḅ1ª«ফ᪷BᡂḄ67ᓄ9¯ᨵ°ᓄ!%±ᔠCḄ34ᑖ᪆ᑨ³(3)´µ¶ᑴ¸¹ᵨ°ᓄº!7ᓄ┛k¼ᑴḄᡂ°ᓄ┛ஹ

20(4)᪷B67ᓄ9ḄmDឋᑨ³ᐜ¾ᐭḄ:(5)᪷BḄ¿µ[Àᑖ᪆DE(6)ᵫ34ᱥᡂᱥᑏw34[\]஺ூ⚪IJD௃পª«A(9⏚┛â⏚34ᑴ67ᓄ9%ᡠ◤ÆÇPᮞ6mol/L¢⏚%ᦑEᫀ(ac(2)⛳NaHCChmn◀ᣵᢵ1wᩭḄ°ᓄ!%ᦑEᫀ(◀67ᓄ9Ḅ°ᓄ!(3)´µ¶ᑴ¸¹ᵨ°ᓄÍ!7ᓄ┛k¼ᑴḄᡂ°ᓄ┛ஹ%[\](d2NH4Cl+Ca(OH)2qCaCL+2NH3f+2H2O,ᦑEᫀ(2NH4Cl+Ca(OH)2^CaCh+ZNHjT+lHzO(4)᩽᧕ms%᧕s67ᓄ9Ḅᔾᦈ%ᡠ4ᐜ¾ᐭ%ᦑEᫀ(N%;(5)PÑឋ:%Òq⁐Ò¢⏚34ᡂ¨©%ᦑEᫀ(ᵨḄ⁐ᑮDwᜐ%᝞Ô%ᑣ'⍎w%3Õᑣ⍎w(ᡈᵨ£ᴻ¥↾¸¢⏚☠§Öᜐ%×Øᑮ¨©%ᑣ'⍎w%3Õᑣ⍎w)(6)msᡂ%mnᕈÑឋ%67ᓄ9P⏚ឋ:%ÒÑ34ᡂ9⏚Ú%9⏚º°ᓄ┛1ÛᑖD34ᡂ9⏚┛°ᓄºdCaC12+CO2+2NH3+H2O=CaCOl+2NH4Cl,ᦑEᫀ(3CaCl2+CO2+2NH3+HO=CaCO3i+2NH4CL227ஹ)ᔣª«AḄÜ⚠Þᧅᑁkáâᡂcãä%cã{åᑁäSæᢝACডঠটঝᔲ2Fe3++Cu===2Fe"+Cu2+CuOKSCNmn%mn⁐0.552ூ⚪IJD௃(1)éᘤëªyᡂì%ᜳîïᜳ%ᔣª«AḄÜ⚠Þᧅᑁkáâᡂcãä%cã{åᑁäSæᢝ%ᑣ&'ª«AḄðឋñîòóᡠô%õ⚪EᫀPdᔣª«AḄÜ⚠Þᧅᑁkáâᡂcãä%cã{åᑁäSæᢝ஺(2)ª«A(önk¼÷%øù⏚úᱏ34Òᡂ!%øü⏚Íᱏ34ᡂc7ᓄ%ù⏚╅ᱏ34ᡂ67ᓄù%!7ᓄþmnÿᱏ
ᡂAC⚗ᡠ⚪ᫀAC»(3)ᙠᐜᑁ᣸!"#$%&ᐜᰐ(⏀*+,ᢝ./01ᐭ3456&ᐵ89:ᜳ,ᡠ=Ḅ?@ABজডঠটঝঞᡠ⚪ᫀডঠটঝ஺(4)᪵KLMᨵḄOᓄQRSTU⏚ᡂQWXCU2஺ᙠ⏚ឋᩩ[\]^ᓄ
ᡂ_`WXabc``dQWX]
2Fe"+Cu==2Fe2++Cu2+,ᡠ=efᑮhi⁐ᱥlᡂmfnop᪵KLfMCwOqrst᪵KSuvLwᐭ〉tḄyz⏚{i|⁐Ḅ.ᓽ
ᡂ~Oᓄop᪵KLMᨵឋᱥlᓽMᨵCuR᝞
&ḄRLMᨵQWX=ᵨUᓄR᝞i⁐RpMᨵQWXᡠ⚪ᫀᔲ2Fe3++Cu===2Fe2++Ci?+Cu0KSCNRRi⁐஺2(5)RL]
ḄWXFeO+6H+=2Fe3++3H2O>Cu0+2H+===Cu+Cu2++H0,2Fe3++Cu===2Fe2++2322Cu2+,
&ᑮm(Cu)=3.2g,LFe?+ᨵLOmoLᑣd
Ḅn(Cu)=0.5mol,ᡠ=
LᡂCuḄᱥlḄt3.2/64+0.5=0.55mol,ᡠ=᪵KLn(CuzO)=0.55molᡠ⚪ᫀ0.55஺

2128ஹ4NH3+5O2¡¢4NO+6H20£ᵨ¤ᓄᑺ¦§¨Ḅ¤ᓄ
Ḅ⌱ªឋAH=-102kJ/molᓣ§¬,A14X(CV-CV)X10'3
bᔣ¯°1122aூᑖ᪆௃(1)জµ¶ᑴz⏚¨Ḅ¤ᓄOᓄ¸3¹¨¤ᓄOᓄNOa:ঝ¤ᓄᑺᐹᨵ§ᦔឋஹ¼3ឋa⌱ªឋফজ᪷¿ÀÁÂÃÄa+bᓽᑮÅ
ঝ¬ᓣ§Æ⊝ᔣᔾÉ
ᔣ¯°ঞÊÂRLËÌḄMtragËÌRᡠMÍᐰÏᓄNW,ᡠNH3ᵨtḄVimLcimol/LḄH2sChRᔾᦈÍᐰ{ᱥ(NHRSCh,ᒕÒH2sChᵨV2mLezmo/LNaOHRាÔLaᑣdᔾᦈ¨ḄU⏚ḄᱥlḄt(ciVi-c2V2)xl()Tmo],ᔾᦈ¨Ḅ
2NH3+H2so4=(NH4)2SC>4,᪷¿NᐗÌÖឤØ=Ù஺ூ⚪ÚÛÙ௃(1)জµ¶ᑴz⏚¨Ḅ¤ᓄOᓄ¸3¹¨¤ᓄOᓄNOa:]
ḄᓄÜ4NH+5Oᓄᑺ4NO+6H2032Aঝ$ᔠ¤ᓄᑺḄ⌱ªឋ£ᵨ¤ᓄᑺ¦§¨Ḅ¤ᓄ
Ḅ⌱ªឋᑣÞßà
ᙠᳮâãäᙳæᜧm▭{Léê"fᜧ(2)জëÄa.2NH(g)+C02(g)^^^NH2COONH4(l)AH=-117kJ/mol3b.NH2COONH(l)^=^CO(NH2)2(l)+H2O(l)AH=+15kJ/mol,᪷¿ÀÁÂÃa+bÅ
42NH(g)+CO2(g)^=iCO(NH2)2(l)+H2O(l)AH=-l02kJ/mol3ঝìn(NH3)n(CO2)=415¬ᓣ§ḄÆ⊝Ïᓄ᳛îᜧï
b¬ᓣ§5Æ⊝ᔣᔣ¯°ðñ
aòóᡂᱥô᪵õÆ⊝ᔣ¯°ঞragËÌRᡠMÍᐰÏᓄNH3,ᡠNH3ᵨtḄVimLcimol/LḄH2sChRᔾᦈÍᐰ{ᱥ(NH)2SO4,]Ḅ
2NH3+H2so4=(NH4)2SC>4,ᒕÒH2sO4ᵨV2mLe2mo/LNaOHRាÔLaᑣdᔾᦈ¨4ḄU⏚ḄᱥlḄt(ClVl-'c2V2)xl()7moi,᪷¿
ᐵö¨ḄᱥlḄt2n(NH)=2x(ciVi--C2V2)xl0-3molmol=(2ciVi-C2V2)xl03mol,᪷¿NᐗÌÖឤËÌLᐗÌḄᱥlḄt32n(N)=n(NH3)=(2ciVi-C2V2)xlO'3mol,ᑣËÌLᐗÌḄltᑖᦪw=—xlOO%=^^C|^~0ᓃ)ஹ1°xlOO%஺aa29ஹ5Sn2++2MnO4+16H+=5Sn4++2Mn2++8HO■9Si?+ùOᓄSn"úᧅஹüᴻþSn2++2HCO==SnO|+2CO?+HO2322rᨬ
ᐭḄHNO3⏚ᓄḄAgNCh⁐ᑣᑣᨵ

22%¡¢£ᓾ¥ᨔூ§ᫀb᪆௃(1)ஹSnSO4©⏚ឋKMnO«CD¬⁐,ro"SM+®ᓄ/Si?+,¯°KMnCh±Fᓄᑺ,PᡂMn2+,ᦑᐸQRḄlmnop4´5Sn2++2MnO+16H+=5Sn4++2Mn2++8HO«42(2)ஹজ.ᵫ¶SM+᧕¸bஹ᧕¹Fᓄ,ºᐭ¼⏚,ᢓᑴSM+¸b,ºᐭSn¿.Y¼⏚QR,À⁚CDpH,Â.■ÄS/+¹Fᓄ/S/+,ᦑ§ᫀ4´■ÄSM+¹Fᓄ/Sn"஺ঝ.ÅÆU/rÇ,rÇ◤⌕ᵨᑮḄËᴻÍᘤ4$ÏஹÐᧅஹËᴻÒ,ᦑ§ᫀ4´ÐᧅஹËᴻÒ஺ঞ.dᑮfg4SnO,Snᐗ?ᓄᔠÔÕ%PÖᓄ,=¶×FᓄÂØQR,Öi%P¸bQRPᡂSn(OH)2YÙFᓄÚ,Sn(OH)2Ûῃ¸dᑮSnO,QRlmno/´Sn2++2HCO3=SnO1+2CO2T+HO,ᦑ§ᫀ/2Sn2++2HCO3=SnO1+2CO2t+HO2ট.fg/SnO,⊤☢▬Ḽᨵcr,⌕áâãÇä4ᔲæçèé,.ᵨê⏚ஹê⏚ëCDâãᨬNìíæçD"4ᔲ7ᨵCî,ᐹJnᫀ/´ðᨬNìíÇDñò¶óô",õíöº÷8ê⏚⏚ᓄḄê⏚ëCD,øùᑮú(⁐fg,¯°æçèé,Qûᑣüᨵæé஺ᦑ§ᫀ/ðᨬNìíæçDñò¶óô",ºᐭ÷8ḄHNO3⏚ᓄḄAgNO3CD,3ú(⁐fg,ᑣæé,Qûᑣüᨵæé஺ঠ.ᵫýoþ,ÿV
ᵫSnSChᑮSnSO4ᨔஹᓾᨔஹஹᑮᦑᫀஹᓾᨔ஺