2021届高三新题速递·化学考点17物质结构与性质（选修3）（解析版）

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ᑖᵯᢥᵯᳮᐹᨵḄ᪀ᱯᦑ!C"ᡂ3%&'1%ᐔ'VSEPR᪀./☢12"34ᵯ₹!678ᔠ:;᩽ឋᑖ>(3)ᕜ@ABᐗDEFGHᵯ4ឋIᜧKLMN:ឋOPᵯ4ឋOᜧᦑᵯ4ឋQ0>C>W>ᙠVWXY[W(C0)6]ᑖ!W]!6CO]_ᵫ;CabcOᜧᵯ4ឋdefeᵯḄᔾhijklm᧕"ᡂ_o'ᡠq_CO!W"ᡂ_oḄ]CG7]0Q(4)stuvQwᑖ!ᔜyᙠK/☢ᑁ{ᨵ/|Ḅp~⍝ᑣpᵯᙠw%"ᡂ“ᐔᏉ”A.ᑖ!%ᵨsp?ᩖᓄᑣ6%ᙳᨵᩖᓄḄ/|Ḅp~⍝ᦑḄCq"ᡂ“ᐔ'”ᐸ“ᐔ'”QA⌱>B.ᓄᑖ!SḄfᵯeᦪ6-X2=I,¢£ᵯeᦪ=2+1=3,ᦑ!6sp?ᩖᓄ§᪀.V¨"!6S©%O!ᨵ/|Ḅp~⍝q"ᡂ“ᐔ'’'ᐸ"ᐔ'”B⌱>C.®¯ᓄᑖ!°±ᙠ஺'7±ᙠᐔ'C7⌱>D.´µᑖ!°±ᙠ஺'7±ᙠᐔ'D7⌱Qᦑ¶ᫀQAB>(5)᪷º»Iᨔ¾᪀ᑖ᪆Fe?+4xg=!%Fe+4x5=!%CN.12x^=3%ᦪÈ82824c1:1:6,ËᔠÌ"ᡂḄ[FÍFeÎ(CNR>,ᡠqÏ"ᡂḄÐÑḄᓄÒÓKolFÍFe×(CN)J,ᓽKFe(CN)Q326(6)᪷ºᨔ¾ÚḄ᣸ÜÏÝÞ]Fe3O4Ḅᨔ¾ÝÞ!Fe•"ᜐ;áᡂḄ3â☢§◣1%ÝÞ!äᨵFe3+Ḅ%ᦪ4x5+3x>=2%äᨵFe?+Ḅ%ᦪ1%äᨵ0?-Ḅ%ᦪi2x>+l=4%ᑣᨔm56x3+16x4.çèᓽᨔ¾Ḅçèp=..~,_=5.2g/cm\VT/xN(axlnO7)XNAூñò௃᪷ºᨔ¾ÚḄ᣸Üôõᨔ¾!öÚḄ%ᦪ᪷ºP=Møù஺13.(2020•úᓭüýþ!þ1ᨴὃ)ᓄ(GaN)ᑴ⌼SGᱏḄᩞᧇᓄLED᜜ᐝ஺!ᑡ#⚪%(1)GaḄ'ᵯ)᣸+,-./0᝱2)ᓰ4ᨬ678Ḅᵯ)9:;<=>-o!ᑡ>᝱ḄAᵯBᨬ᜜CḄ.Dᵯ)ᡠ◤7GᨬHḄ.(IJK)஺A.[Ne]জB.[Ne](g)C.[Ne]D.[Ne](f)Q(D3s3s3s33%

22(2)8-O0ᖳᴉRᵨTᐝᩞᧇUᵯ)VWᩞᧇᵫLiAH\1]/Jᔠᡂ஺LiAHA▢B)Ḅcd᪀f-,ᡠhᐗjAᵯkឋᨬᜧḄ.(Iᐗjno)NḄᩖᓄq,-(3)stᨔvAlஹGaḄᰚzᑖ|-660࠷ஹ30࠷,A1Gaᰚz6Ḅ2(4)ᓄ-qᨔ᪀᝞<ᡠ஺/ᨔv-pg/cm\ᨔᦪ2=஺(ᓫ%pm),aஹbᜳ-120஺RᦪḄ-NA,ᑣᨔᦪC=—pm(ᵨhaஹpஹNAḄ¡ᦪ,⊤)஺(5)ᙠ¥qᨔA\ᨔv¦§ᚖ©Ḅ☢ᙠᨔv«A¬-(1,1,1)ᨔ☢஺᝞</¥qᨔA(1,1I)ᨔ☢ᐳᨵD஺(1,1,1)ூᫀ௃(1ு4s24Pl¶·=D(2)¸¹☢vOsp2(3)Al»Gaᙳ-stᨔv½¾ὅḄ'ᵯ)ᦪÀÁÂA1Ḅ2)ÃÄGaḄ2)ÃÄHᡠÅAIḄᰚz61128x1()3஺(4)^ߟ!---------(5)8a-xÊxpூË᪆௃ூᑖ᪆௃(1)GaT͹ᕜÏHIAÐ'ᵯ)-ᨬ᜜Cᵯ)ᵯ)ᓰ4ᨬ678-4P78Ñ(2)ᑭᵨ'Cᵯ)¦ᦪÓÔᑖ᪆A1HJḄcd᪀fÑAhᨵᐗjḄCஹHஹNஹO,ᯠ×ᑨÙᵯkឋᜧHÑᑭᵨᩖᓄÚ⍝ᦪÜT'Cᵯ)¦ᦪᑨÙᩖᓄq,;

23(3)AlஹGa-stᨔvÞßàstáḄâãᑖ᪆stᨔvᰚäz6åÑ(4)ᑭᵨᨔḄæçᦪÑ(5)᪷4ᨔ☢Ḅhéᑖ᪆ÑூêË௃(1)GaT͹ᕜÏIHAÐᐗjGaḄ'ᵯ)-ᨬ᜜Cᵯ)ᦪ'ᵯ)᣸+,-4s?4piÑᵯ)ᓰ4ᨬ678-4p,ᵯ)9:;<=>-¶·=ᡈì┴=ÑA.-0᝱A1ᜫïðDᵯ)×Ḅ>᝱ᵯBᨬ᜜CḄ.Dᵯ)-A12)ḄÍñᵯB7ÑB.-0᝱A1ᜫï.Dᵯ)×Ḅ>᝱ᵯBᨬ᜜CḄ.Dᵯ)-AI2)Ḅ;ᵯB7ÑC.-0᝱Aò+,2P78ᐰᐙöà÷øᵯBᨬ᜜CḄ.Dᵯ)-A12)Ḅ͹ᵯB7ÑD.-A12)Ḅ᪶᜜ᵯ)᣸+Ḅú᝱ÑᵯBᨬ᜜CḄ.Dᵯ)ᡠ◤⌕Ḅ7G%0᝱ᜧüú᝱ýÍ.ᵯB7ீ;ᵯB7ீÍñᵯB7ீ͹ᵯB7ᑣᵯBᨬ᜜CḄ.Dᵯ)ᡠ◤7GᨬHḄDÑ(2)▢B)AIHT,Aÿ
A1ᨵ4஺ᵯ
ᦪ3+1-4=0,ᵯ
ᦪ4,᪀2☢ᨵᐗcஹHஹ0ஹN,ᕜ!ᔣ#ᵯ$ឋ⌲'(ᜧ*+,ᑮ.ᵯ$ឋ⌲'/012ᵯ$ឋᨬᜧḄ50᪷78᪀9:Nᨵᓃ஺1ᵯ
ᓽᩖᓄ?:sp2;(3)AlஹGa@AᨔCDᐸᰚGḄ5@A@AHᵯ
ஹ
IJᨵᐵA1LGaᙳ@AᨔNOὅḄᵯ
ᦪQRA1Ḅ
IJSGaḄ
IJ0ᡠUAIḄᰚGV(4)GaXY⚔GLᑁᦪ8XG+1=2,NXY\,Lᑁᦪ4x^+1=2,]ᨔ^Ḅ_`8422x(70+14)g,ᨔ^Ḅa(ax](yH)/sin6()oxcxl0᪷7cdḄefghpg/cm3=~—x(70+14)g+[(axlOlo)2sin600xcxlOlocm3],jgc=k--------pma~xNஹp(5)ᙠn?ᨔ^Hᨔ^opᚖrḄ☢ᙠᨔst(1,1,1)ᨔ☢ᨵ8⚔Gᓽᨵ8u᪵Ḅ☢]n?ᨔ^(1,1,1)ᨔ☢ᐳᨵ8஺14.(2020•yᓭV{|})~ᙠ1913ᨵ⍝ᙠ400࠷U,AglᨔḄᵯ5Ḅ,,Hᵯj_QS஺(1)AgᐗḄ
ᦪ47,ᑣAgᐗᙠᕜ⊤ḄX5AY_____᝱

24Ag
Ḅᵯ
᣸:஺
2⏚
Ag2s2஺35¡Y¢Ḅ£⁐ᓄᔠᱥ§Y¨`Ḅ⏚©
Na2s2஺3ªᡂ[Ag
S2O32¬®▢°
஺ᙠ[Ag
S2O32]3±X
5²³´tµ±▢°
Ḅ᪀5,¶
·ᵨᩖᓄ஺
3ỚḄᨬVºᓄᱥḄ¢ᓄᱥᨵHIC4»VỚ⏚¼½eµLH5lC>6VỚ⏚µ¾¿:§ÀḄ⏚ឋHI04S1஺6³ÁÂYஹYᡈÄYµ஺ÅஹÆஹỚḄÇᓄᱥḄ⏚ឋᵫÄᑮÂ᣸²ᵨᓄs:⊤ɵᐸ8᪀15஺
4ᙠ°
ᨔÊ0.414CI•²□°
I•²▢°
µ<0.732ABᓄᔠᱥÌÌ·ᵨLNaClᨔQḄᨔ8᪀²᝞.Î1஺r
Ag+r
ϵ=0.573,Rᙠ.AglḄᨔ8᪀᝞.Î2ᡠÉtÑ?Ớᓄ஺PḄ±Xᦪ,⌼ᡂAglᨔ8᪀¼YNaClᨔ8᪀Ḅ1¼5஺a.ÓÔ1b.ᵯ₹1c.ឋ112
5ÊdᜐY146O555࠷Ñ?Ớᓄ×ᓄa-Agl²᝞.εAgᓱÙÚᙢᑖᙠ☢◣LÞ☢◣¾☢◣ßà2ᐳ☢Qá஺12Uâãᙠᵯäåᵨ.Agᓱk◣æçᑮèk◣éḼᵯä?ᔣëìu¼íᳮja-Aglᨔ5kïðḄ°
ñ஺ᑣᙠa-Aglᨔn
Ag+Án²Þ☢◣µÁn
☢◣ò஺ூôᫀ௃1÷øᕜIB+ds4d5sl
2☢sd3ÄYHI>HBr>HClÅஹùஹỚḄ
IJ⌲'(ᜧH—ClஹH—BrஹH—IḄú⌲'(ᜧ,

25ᐳ⌲'/ÂᡠUHIûü᧕ᵯ°hH+,⏚ឋûÄ(4)4ab(5)1Á3Á6ூj᪆௃ூᑖ᪆௃᪷7+ᐗᩭ
AgᐔḄᵯ᣸ᵫᵯᳮ
ᩖᓄ⍝᪀⏚!"#$%&ᦪ()⏚ឋ(+,☢.◣0ᵫ,&ᳫ.2ᡂḄ◣4ᳫ.!562ᡂ,☢.7☢.◣0ᵫ8&ᳫ2ᡂḄ◣4ᳫ.!562ᡂ7☢.9᪷;ᙳ=>
?&ᦪஹ7☢.◣,☢.◣Ḅ&ᦪ஺ூCD௃(1)HIAgᐗḄ%KᦪL47,M,ᕜOᨵ18Qᐗ447-18=29,29RᐗLCu,ᑣAgᐗᙠᕜO⊤!VᙠCuḄWX4Cu%ḄᵯL3d">4slCuᐗᙠM,ᕜOIBY4Z[ds\4ᡠ^ᑣAgᐗᙠᕜO⊤!Ḅ_M`ᕜOIBY4Z[ds\4$᝱Ag%Ḅᵯ᣸L4di°5s1(2)bcb⏚᪷!dLbefghᜧ4ᡠ^jk?Ḅlឋhm4ᡠ^
Ag(S2C>3)2n!o%_bo.▢?s2஺0qḄ!5%_b4rq&b%st[%4ᑣ!5%bḄuᵯᦪL-(6-2-3x2)=0,ᵯᦪL4+0E,ᡠ^᪀_,☢.94!5%vᵨspyᩖᓄ஺o(3)HIO(!ᨵ5&#$x4L`ᐗ⏚4"#$%1&4HI஺,Lqᐗ⏚4ᨵ1560H&#$x4"#$%3&4"#$%&ᦪ()⏚ឋ(+4ᡠ^⏚ឋHICU+[H5IO6zஹ{ஹỚḄxᓄᱥLHC1ஹHBrஹHI,ᵫ[zஹ~ஹỚḄ%fg⌲ᜧ4H—ClஹH—BrஹH-IḄ⌲ᜧ4ᐳ⌲4ᡠ^HIh᧕ᵯ?⏚ឋh+4ᦑ⏚ឋᵫ+ᑮ᣸KLHI>HBr>HCl(4)᝞W2,?ᨬ☠ḄAg4Ḅᨵ,&4ᡠ^oᦪL4ᵫ[r(Ag)r(r)=0.573,2ᙠ0.414

26?fgᜧ4¢s£ᵯ₹?Ḅᵯ¤ᵨ¥ᡂ¦ᳫ94§¨ᢝ%ᩭḄᳫ94?«ᔣᐳ®,¯°Ḅᡂᐹᨵ?ᐳḄ²³ᱯឋ4ᐸ?Ḅ¶·¸¹º4?Ḅ¶·¸¹»¼ឋd4ᡠ^⌼ᡂAglᨔ.᪀[NaClᨔ.᪀Ḅ%d_ឋd4Äᫀ⌱abo&?4ᑣnÊAg*Ì0nÊ7☢.◣Ì0nÊ,☢.◣Ì=206012=10306»ூÓÔ௃Yᐗᵯ$Õs4᪷;YᐗḄsÖឋ4
ᐗḄᨵᐵIØ!5%ḄᩖᓄÙᑖ᪀᪷;ᵯᳮ
4ᐜ
!ឋ%Ḅuᵯᦪ4§Üᑮᵯᦪ4ÜᩖᓄÙ᪀ÝXᨔÞ%Ḅᙳ=>ßàX>0⚔ÓḄ%ᦪâ7ᑖãq4äåḄâ,ᑖãq4☢åḄâæᑖãq4ᑁçḄâq,☢.◣ᨵ8&47☢.◣ᨵ4&஺15.Ê2020.íîïðñòóM8!ô᪥ºö÷ôὃùÌ2019ûüýñᓄôᝄᣴ
┞ᵯḄ஺TiSLie஺஺2LiMnOzẆ"┞ᵯḄ#$஺%&'ᑡ)⚪+2,,1./᝱Ti1Ḅ23ᵯ᣸567஺,2.ᙠ9:ᕜᐗ@ABCTi1DᡂFᵯᦪHIḄᐗ@JK஺᳛,3.NOPḄ1ᚮRSTᵯ᝞6ᡠWBᑣNOPᨔZ[\67______஺B,4._`9
ᵯaᦪb+I,Mn.=3246kJ/mohk,Fe.=2957kJ/molqḄ9
ᵯaᜧstḄ9
ᵯa,3ᐸv⌕1xo,5.H2sASḄ23ᵯFᦪ7,{0Ḅ}~,”>"ஹ"v"ᡈ".H2sḄ}~஺,6.lmol[Co,NH3.6]3+mole}BḄ᪀஺,7.Bᵨᵯᰚᓄ┞ᑴᜓ┞,1TiCljg.ᑴᜓP஺_`+LiChTiClḄᰚ£ᑖ¥7605࠷ஹ4

27-24࠷,¨Ḅᰚ£H©ªᜧBᐸv⌕1x஺(8)®S¯ᓄ°ᨔ$Ḅ±᪀CN²³H´Bµ¶CN²³H·BᨔZ¸¹7361.5pm,¼¶dg.cn?,ᑣ¿ÀÁÂÃÄᦪN7(ᑡÅÆÇTᓽÉ)஺A45ூ&ᫀ௃(1)□┼DMi?+23ᵯ᣸5T73ds,ÏᑮÑÒ±᪀BÓ᧕ᜫᵯBFe2+23ᵯ᣸5T73d6,⌕ᜫÖ×ØᵯÙaÏᑮÑÒ±᪀B{ÚÛ᧕ÜᡂFe'+BᦑßḄ9
ᵯaᜧst4ᜧs(6)24àá☢$Ü(7)LiClᨔ$BTiCkᑖᨔ$B4x25ᨔ${ᑖᨔ$ᰚ£äå-(36L5xl01U)xdூ᪆௃ூᑖ᪆௃(1)Ti22èᐗ@B/᝱Ti1Ḅ23ᵯ᣸5T3d24s2é(2)/᝱Ti1Ḅ23ᵯ᣸5T3d24s2,DᡂFᵯᦪ2é(3)᪷bNOPḄ1ᚮRS6ᑨìᨔZ[\6஺í(4)1î⍝ᜐsᐰòஹóòஹᐰô±᪀ÑÒ+6+2(5)H2sASḄ23ᵯFᦪ7õB஺ḄöNOឋᜧsS1é(6)ᓫ}ஹ}cᏉéC(3)᪷@ABCḄᚮE!F'GHABC(IEᨬKᚮᨔLM'(.\/'⌱D>○•……*

28W4XMr?+ᵯ᣸!(3d5,^ᑮ`ab᪀d᧕ᜫᵯFe?+ᵯ᣸!(3d6,⌕ᜫklmᵯno^ᑮ`ab᪀pqr᧕sᡂFe?.ᦑ┶Ḅvwᵯxoᜧz{>W5XH2s6SḄᵯ.ᦪ(~=4>஺ḄABឋᜧzS0.ᵯ.ᔾᜧᵯ..ᡂᵯ.Ḅ᣸ᵨᡠHOḄ>H2sḄ>2W6Xᓫஹ஺lmol[CoWNH3X6]"24moiCW7XLiClxᨔTiCLᑖ/ᨔx«ᨔpᑖᨔᰚ®ᡠLiClஹTiCl4Ḅᰚᑖ¯(605࠷,-24࠷,²³Ḅᰚ9´µᜧ;W8X¸E¹ᓄ»ᨔb᪀(ᨔ¼½(361.5pm,ᨔḄ(3615xlO9cn?1mᨔᨵᦪ8X+6X4+4=8,ᡠ1mᨔᨵ4mNஹ4mBᑣ824(11+14)4x25ÆÇÈÉÊËᦪNA(W361.5xd°Xxd361.53*10-3஺Å3ஹூÍ௃Î⚪ὃÑᱥb᪀8ឋᳮᵯ᣸ᳮÔஹᨔÕÖ⚪ᐵØᑭᵨ“ᙳÜᑣ”ÕÖᨔ6ḄᦪÞ⚔Ḅà1mᨔᓰᵨXஹ☢âḄà1mᨔᓰᵨ;ஹâḄà1mᨔãᐰᓰᵨ஺16.W2020•åᓭᝰᓄ®wèéXW1XᑏëCìḄ᪶᜜ᵯ᣸!஺ᡃðñòóᔠᡂõö÷ḄᓄᔠᱥMW᝞'ᵬX.úûüᔠ⊤þëqÿḄ
ᓄឋᵬᓄ1ஹ2ஹ3ஹ4ḄḄᩖᓄ!஺#2$lmol#SCN$2,ᨵᐔḄᦪ0!oHSCNḄ2᪀ᨵ45ᐸ78⏚#H-S-C;N$Ḅ<=>?7@⏚#H-N=C=S$,Co#3$ẆE⊤GHIJ2ᡂ135LM2ᨔOᐸPQ#RSTHᜧ$VᨔWᐸVᨔXYxஹyᡈz^Ḅᢗ`a᝞ᑣdᨔOH2OḄᦪ!fdᨔXgh!apm,PQḄRS!g-cmqᑏoᦪ⊤pNA!qrstuvᦪ$஺

29ᵬw(4)aw!FesCUᨔOḄ᣸ᑡᐸ஺2z{ᡂ|}☢O◣(1ஹ3ஹ6ஹ7)|☢O◣(3ஹ6ஹ7ஹ8ஹ9ஹ12)FeaCUᨔOᨵzḄFe3+ᐙᙠ|}☢O◣Fe?+zFe3+ᐙᙠ|☢O◣ᑣᨔO|}☢O◣ᦪ|☢◣ᦪT!;ᨵ%Ḅ|☢O◣ᨵᐙ□஺ூᫀ௃(1)Is22s22P63s23P63d32sp3(2)4N?7@⏚ᑖᡂ7⏚ᑖIᡂA(3)8-4J-X1°3°a-S(4)2150ூ¡᪆௃(1)Cr᪶᜜ᵯ᣸¦!Is22s22P63s23P63d54slᜫ¨3©ᵯᡂ!CªCª᪶᜜ᵯ᣸¦!Is22s22P63s23P63d3N,O,Clᨬ᜜¬ᑖᨵ3ஹ2ஹ1©®ᡂ¯ᵯᦑᑖᡂ3ஹ2ஹ1©±ᙠN²ᨵ}©±ᦑ2ᜐ!´µ©ᙳ!4©ᓫᦑCᩖᓄ!sp¸(2)(SCN”7ᡂ4©ᐳᵨᵯ¯ஹCᡂ}©ᐳᵨᵯ¯ஹNᡂ;©ᐳᵨᵯ¯,(SCN)22᪀!N;C-S-S-C=N,CNᡂḄ;ᨵ2©ᐔᑣµ©ᑖ,ᨵ4©ᐔᑣlmol(SCN)2,ᨵᐔḄᦪ0!4NAIᡂᑖḄᱥ¼ᰚ<=¾¿?7@⏚ᑖᡂ7@⏚IᡂᑖᡠÁ?7@⏚ᰚ<=¿7@⏚(3)VᨔXYxஹyᡈz^Ḅᢗ`a᝞aÂ!OÃVᚮÅᦑᦪ!8µ©ᨔXHᑖ©ᦪ!362x18mNg36.-.30,2,ᨔX¼Æm=F—g,ᨔXRSp=77=____3______=3*xl(Tgcm-:&VS(4)2᪀᝞1ஹ3ஹ6ஹ7Ḅ02{ᡂḄ|}☢O◣ᨵ8©☢ÃÇ6©஺2z{ᡂḄ|☢OÈᨔX⊡ᐰÂᐳᵨ1ᩩÌḄ4©☢ÃḄO?.dÌ⚔=ᜐḄ2©O?Ï{ᡂ|☢OÐ᪵Ḅ|☢O!4©

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