外贸英语

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᜜᧕ᵨ(1)TheymainlytradewithJapanesefirms.⌕ᖪ᧕஺Forthepastfiveyears,wehavedonealotoftradewithyourcompany.ᙠḄᡃᜧḄ᧕஺Ourtradeisconductedonthebasisofequality.ᡃ!ᙠ"#Ḅ$Ạ&᧕஺Therehasbeenaslowdowninthewooltradewithyou.'Ḅ()᧕*ᨵᡠ-.஺Ourforeigntradeiscontinuouslyexpanding.ᡃḄ᜜᧕/012஺Tradeinleatherhasgoneup(down)3%.3☩᧕&ᓣ(78):ᑖ<=஺Tradeingeneralisimproving.᧕>?@ᙠAB஺Ourcompanymainlytradesinartsandcrafts.ᡃCD⌕E⃩GHIJ஺Theyarewell-knownintradecircles.ᙠ᧕KLᨵMN஺

1Wetradewithpeopleinallcountriesonthebasisofequalityandmutualbenefit.ᡃᙠ"#OᑭḄ$Ạ&ᔜRS᧕஺TorespectthelocalcustomofthebuyingcountryisoneimportantaspectofChina'sforeignpolicy.TUVWXḄYZ[\!ᡃ᧕]^Ḅ_`U⌕W☢஺Ourpurposeistoexplorethepossibilitiesofdevelopingtradewithyou.ᡃḄbḄ!'cd_712᧕Ḅefឋ஺WordsandPhrasesforeigntrade᜜᧕overseastradeh᜜᧕internationaltrade▭᧕totradewith…᧕todobusinessinamoderatewayklmnUtodobusinessinasincerewayklmoឹtomakeadealk_qr᧕dealr᧕E⃩ᜐᳮ…rutodealinE⃩klmtoexplorethepossibilitiesofcd…Ḅefឋ

2tradecircles᧕KtohandleE⃩vᖪJtotradeinE⃩vᖪJbusinessscope/frameE⃩xtradingfirm/house᧕,ᖪ᜜᧕ᵨ(2)Canwedoabartertrade?zf/fk_q᧕{᧕ᕖ}Isitstilladirectbartertrade?~!Ḅ᧕{᧕ᔩ}Ifyouagreetoourproposalofabartertrade,we'llgiveyoupaperinexchangeforyourtimber.᝞'Wmᡃ᧕{᧕Ḅᡃᵨ'rᣚᩈᩞ஺Shallwesignatriangletradeagreement?ᡃ_`=᧕Aᔩ}Atriangletradecanbecarriedoutamongthethreeofus.ᡃ=We=᧕஺Compensationtradeis,infact,akindofloan.⊡᧕▭&!_஺

3Wemayagreetodoprocessingtradewithyou.ᡃm'ᩭᧇH᧕஺Ifyou'reinterestedinleasingtrade,pleaseletusknow.᝞'ᨵmk᧕ᡃ஺Wewonderwhetheryoudocountertrade.ᡃ/⍝'!ᔲk£᧕஺WordsandPhrasestradebycommoditiesᖪJ᧕visibletradeᨵ¤᧕invisibletrade¥¤᧕bartertrade᧕{᧕bilateraltrade¦§᧕triangletrade=᧕multilateraltrade¨§᧕countertrade├᧕ª£᧕counterpurchaseO«᧕buy-back¬«᧕compensationtrade⊡᧕

4processingtradeᩭᧇH᧕assemblingtradeᩭᧇ®᧕leasingtrade᧕inexchangeforᵨ...rᣚ...tradeagreement᧕᜜᧕ᵨ(3)WewanttodevelopdirectcontactwithContinentalbuyersforourselves.ᡃ°±²³ḄCD´µᜧ▮ḄV·¸Ḅὶº஺WeseethatyourfirmspecializesinLightIndustrialGoods,andwearewillingtoestablishbusinessrelationshipwithyou.»CD¼½E⃩¾H¿JᡃÀmCD·¿Áᐵº஺WeareoneofthelargestimportersofElectricGoodsinthiscity,andwewishtoestablishbusinessrelationshipwithyou.ᡃ!ÃᙢᨬᜧḄᵯᘤÈᖪ<_Àm'·¿Áᐵº஺Wearewillingtoenterintobusinessrelationshipwithyourcompanyonthebasisofequalityandmutualbenefit.ᡃÀᙠ"#OᑭḄ$Ạ&CD·¿Áᐵº஺Ourtwocountrieshavehadtraderelationsfortenyears.ᡃÉ<Ê*Eᨵ10Ḅ᧕ᐵº஺

5We'veneverhadanydifficultieswithourChinesepartners,andwe'dliketomakeasmanynewcontactsaswecan.ᐳÌÍᩭÎᨵÏÐÑÒÓNÔÕᡃ<ÊÖef¨ᙢ·×Ḅᐵº஺WehavemadeaverygoodstartinourbusinesswithJapan.ᡃᙠ¿Á&ᨵØAḄÙÚ஺OurcompanyisthinkingofexpandingitsbusinessrelationshipwithChina.ᡃCD°᡽ᜧḄ᧕ᐵº஺Asisknown,wesetgreatstorebythetraderelationshipwiththethirdworldcountries.ÜᡠᕜᡃᓝᑖUßà=áKXḄ᧕ᐵº஺Welookforwardtoreactivatingourbusinessrelationship.ᡃâNᡃḄ¿ÁᐵºU×ãä¸ᩭ஺Weshallwelcomeachancetorenewourfriendlyrelationship.LåᐶfᨵçèᩭឮêᡃḄëAᐵº஺We'lltryourbesttowidenourbusinessrelationshipwithyou.ᡃÖì᡽ᜧ'Ḅ᧕ᐵº஺We'rewritingyouinordertoestablishbusinessrelationship.ᡃᑏÃ!±'W·¿Áᐵº஺Thearrangementwillcontributetocementourpleasantrelationship.

6Ã⚗ï᣸ᨵñòóôᡃØAḄᐵº஺We'rewillingtorestoreourbusinessrelationship.ᡃÓNfឮê᧕ᐵº஺Itwillbeadvantageousifstepsaretakentoresumeourbusinessrelationshiponthebasisofmutualbenefit.᝞ᡃõö÷øᙠOᑭḄ$Ạ&ឮê¿Áᐵºᡃù!ᨵᑭḄ஺Thedepressedmarketresultsinthestagnationoftrade.úû⃫ᩩþÿ᧕஺Wehavebeendoingquitewellinourbusiness,wearewillingtoopenanaccountwithyou.ᡃḄ•┯ᡝᩭᐵ஺WordsandPhrasesbusinessassociationὶ!businessconnectionὶcloserelationship"ᑗḄᐵcloserties$"ᑗḄᐵtoestablish(enterinto,setup)businessrelationshipᐵtocontinuebusinessrelationship%&ᐵtopresentbusinessrelationship'ᢝᐵ

7toimprovebusinessrelationshipᦋᗐᐵtopromotebusinessrelationship+,ᐵtospeedupbusinessrelationship-.ᐵḄ/0toenlarge(widen)businessrelationship᡽ᜧᐵtorestore(resume)businessrelationshipឮ4ᐵtointerruptbusinessrelationship56ᐵtocementbusinessrelationship78ᐵ9᜜᧕;ᵨ=(4)Whencouldyouintroducemetoyoursistercompany?>?@᎛BCDEḄᐘGDEHIJᡃKWouldyoupleaseintroduceustosomeofthemostreliableexportersofChinesehandicrafts?LᔣᡃN₞PQᨬS☠Ḅ5UVWXYZ[ᖪS]ᔩKIfyouareinterestedindealing,withusinotherproductsofourcompany,pleaseinformusofyourrequirementsaswellasyourbanker'snameandaddress.᝞`ᨵb⃩ᡃDEᐸefYLghi⌕klᩭmnḄopqᙢᙬ஺BecauseoftherapiddevelopmentofourbusinessinAsia,wethinkit'snecessarytoopenabranchatthefollowingaddress.␺uᡃᙠwxᙢyḄz{/0ᨵ|⌕ᙠ}ᑡᙢᑖDE஺

8We'veoftenexpressedourinterestininvestinginChina.ᡃP9ᙠ5Uᢗᐶ஺Ourabundantresourcesandstablepolicyprovideforeignerswiththeadvantagestheyinvesthere.ᡃḄqḄ᜜ᖪᢗᨵᑭᩩ஺Thankyouforyourmannerofbusinesscooperation.ᡃ9Ḅᔠ᝱;஺WehavebeenworkingonexpandingourscopeofcooperationwithChina.ᡃP᡽ᜧ5UḄᔠ஺Webelieveinlong-termcooperationwithChinabecauseweviewthefutureasbright.ᡃ¡¢5U£¤ᔠḄ¥⌶§ᐝ©Ḅ஺WordsandPhrasestradeprospects/outlook᧕¥ªtradecooperation᧕ᔠtechnologicalcooperationᢈ¬ᔠbusinesscooperationᔠcooperativerelationshipᔠᐵthescopeofcooperationᔠ®

9AdditionalWordsandPhrasestradefair᧕0├°tradeshow᧕0±tradeagreement᧕²³toestablisharrangement´ᡂ²³toreachanagreement´ᡂ²³tradeterms/clause᧕ᩩ¶tradebalance᧕·⊝toconcludeabusinesstransaction´ᡂ᧕!᧕toworkwith…ᐳ»businessactivitiesb¼½¾businesshouseᖪn¿ᖪÀtradingdepartment/mechanics᧕Á᪀tradeassociation᧕²°theforeigntradedepartment9᜜᧕ÃÄC.C.P.I.T.(ChinaCouncilforthePromotionofInternationalTrade)5UU▭᧕+,°CommercialCounselor'sOffice5UÆ✂Ḅᖪᜐ

10ChamberofCommerceᖪ°tradingpartnershipb⃩ᔠÉÊforeigntradepersonnel᜜Wὅtradingcenter᧕5Ìtradingmarket᧕ÍÎtradesman/tradepeoplesᖪÊÏÐᖪYÑQualityThegoodsareavailableindifferentqualities.ÓÔᨵÕÖ×ḄÑØS஺Nothingwrongwillhappen,solongasthequalityofyourarticleisgood.Ù⌕ᖪYÑØS☠Ú°/Û┯஺Ifthequalityofyourproductsissatisfactory,wemayplaceregularorders.᝞`fYḄÑØÆᡃᡃÜ6ÝÔ஺Ifthequalityofyourinitialshipmentisfoundsatisfactory,largerepeatswillfollow.᝞`CiÞ•ᢇàᩭḄÔáÊâãÜᨵᜧᢇ&Ý஺Thereisnomarkedqualitativedifferencebetweenthetwo.äὅᙠÑØåæç℉Ûé஺Wesincerelyhopethequalityareinconformitywiththecontractstipulations.ᡃêëÑØᔠ×ì¡í஺Aslongasthequalityisgood,ithardlymattersifthepriceisalittlebithigher.Ù⌕'îÑØÐïðñæᡠó஺Pricesarefixedaccordingtotheirquality,aren'tthey?ïôᢥÑØḄö÷ø9ᔩKThetransfereemustseetoitthatthequalityoftheproductismaintained.ùúûüPi⌕ýþ'ᢝfYḄÑØ஺OurCertificateofQualityismadevalidbymeansoftheofficialseal.ᡃḄÑØî©ÿ
ᨵᦔ஺We'llimprovethequalityofourproductsandproductionefficiency.ᡃᦋ᳛஺Theyarefullyqualifiedtopassopinionsonthequalityofthismerchandise.ᐰᨵḄ⊤!"஺Wewouldliketohaveyouofferus100metrictons,qualitysameaslast.#$%&'(ᡃ100ᔴ*+,-.Ḅ/஺Wefindthequalitysuitable(unsuitable)forourmarket.〉ᔠ(3〉ᔠ)ᡃḄ56஺

11Wealwayshavefaithinthequalityofyourproducts.7Ḅᡃ89:;<஺WordsandPhrasesqualityqualitativeḄqualitativelyᙠ+qualityclauseᩩ?qualitycertificate@ABqualityofexportandimportcommoditiesCDᖪgoodmerchantablequalityᐰ├tobeinconformitywithG…IJtransfererKLὅtransfereeNLὅThisisaqualityproduct.9IḄ஺Thoseovercoatsareofgoodqualityandnicecolour.ᢇᜧ⊟ஹᡂ⁐U஺Ourquartztechniqueiswellknownintheworld,andwebelieveourwatchesareoffinequality.ᡃḄVWᢈYZ[\]-;ᡃḄ^⊤ᐹᨵ஺Ourpriceisalittlebithigher,butthequalityofourproductsisbetter.`ᯠbcdᡃḄ:U஺Yburgoodsaresuperiorinqualitycomparedwiththoseofothermanufacturers.*ᐸᔆᖪ-gh+i஺Theequipmentareofgoodqualityandveryuseful.jᘤlUᵨᜐᜧ஺Ourproductsareverygoodinquality,andthepriceislow.ᡃḄbo஺pWehavereceivedthegoodsyousendus,thequalityisexcellent.ᡃqrᦈᑮhᜐᩭḄ/:U஺WordsandPhrasesgoodqualityUfinequalityvbetterqualitywUhighqualityfairqualityxUḄsoundqualityUḄbestqualityᨬUḄsuperiorqualityvzḄchoicequalityᡈselectedquality}⌱Ḅ

12primequalityᡈtip-topquality•Ḅfirst-classqualityfirst-ratequalityᜮzḄabovetheaveragequality•+ḄbelowtheaveragequalityIḄcommonquality•standardquality᪗usualqualityḄpopularqualityᜧᓄḄuniformqualityḄaveragequalityᙳfairaveragequality(f.a.q.)ᜧ/Weareresponsibletoreplacethedefectiveones.ᡃᣚ3ᔠḄ஺It'sreallysomethingwrongwiththequalityofthisconsignmentofbicycles.ᢇḄᨵ⚪஺'Iregretthisqualityproblem.⚪ᡃ⊤⍡஺Wehopethatyou'llpaymoreattentiontothequalityofyourgoodsinthefuture.#$hᩭ¡!Ḅ⚪஺Theworkingsofthesemachinesareinaccurate.ᢇ¢ᘤ£3஺Uponarrival,wefoundtheshipmentofwoolwasofpoorquality./ᑮ¤ᡃ¥¦§Ḅw¨஺Thequalityofthefertilizerisinferiortothatstipulatedinthecontract.ᓄ©,ªᔠ.«¬Ḅ஺Thequalityofthisarticlecannotqualifyforfirst-class.ᢇᖪḄ3®Iz஺Ifyoufindthequalityofourproductsunsatisfactory,we'repreparedtoacceptreturnoftherejectedmaterialwithinaweek.᝞°h3±!ᡃᙠI²³ᑁµN⌨/஺Morethan300watchesarenotuptostandard.ᨵ300ᙽ^⊤3ᔠ᪗஺WordsandPhrasesbadquality¸lowqualityoinferiorquality,toberesponsiblefor...º»inaccurate3}Ḅpoorqualityw¨tobeinferiorto,ª...first-classIz

13unsatisfactory3±!ḄWe'vereceivedthesamplewhichyousentuslastSunday.ᡃqrᦈᑮ¼+²³ᜩ7¾ᩭḄ᪵஺We'vegothereoursalessamplesType1.andType2.À9IÁ*ÂÁ᪵/஺Ourqualityisbasedsolelyonoursalessamples.ᡃḄᐰ/᪵஺Wesellgoodsasperthesalessample,notthequalityofanyprevioussupplies.ᡃ├Ã9/᪵᪗Ä39ÅÆÇ<ÈIᢇ/Ḅ஺Youknowwesellourteaaccordingtooursamples.7É⍝ᡃ9Å├Ã/᪵├ÃₐÌḄ஺Youcanseethedifferencebetweenthesegrades.7ÍÎÎjzÏḄ¨Ð஺Thesetwogradesareverymuchindemand.ÑzÏÒḄ/ÓÔÕ◤×ØÙ஺Weareinurgentneedofthesetwogrades.ᡃ¥ᙠញ◤ÑzÏḄ/஺Thecolouroftheshipmentismuchdarkerthanthatofyourpreviousconsignment.ᢇ/ḄÛ⁐g+ᢇ⌕ᨩÞ஺Nodoubtyou'vereceivedtheoutturnsamplesoftheinferiorqualitygoods.7Iᦈᑮ¼o¸Ḅᑮ/ß᪵஺Imustadviseyouofthespecificationsofthegoods.ᡃàáâÉ/ᱥḄ¬஺Haveyoureceivedthespecificationsasshowninourcatalog?7ᦈᑮ¼ᢥᡃÔåᡠᑡḄ¬¼ᔩéThequalityisallright,butthestyleisabitoutdated.ê⚪ë9ì᪵ᨵíÆî஺Wefoundthegoodsdidn'tagreewiththeoriginalpatterns.

14ᡃ¥/ᱥGïì᪵3ð஺The"DoubleFsh"brandisnotsobad,thedesignisfreshandvivid.“òó”õᖪ᪗3┯÷ᫀù⚨஺Thenewvarietieshaveveryvividdesignsandbeautifulcolors.ûù÷ᫀù⚨⁐üý⁑஺We'reheretodiscussthetrademarksofyourproducts.ᡃᩭÿ
Ḅᖪ᪗஺WordsandPhrasessample᪵countersample᪵sampling᪵patternsample᪵duplicatesample᪵coloursample⁐᪵subjecttothecountersample᪵sampleforreferenceὃ᪵salesbysample᪵ᓬgradestandard᪗specificationtrademarkᖪ᪗brandcolour⁐designᫀcatalogue"#particulars$⁚SalesbyDescription&'(ᓬSalesbyTradeMarkofBrandᖪ᪗)ᓬ

15qualityasperseller'ssampleᓬ*᪵+,-.qualityasperbuyer'ssample*᪵+,-.qualitylandedᔂ0+qualityshipped1+qualitycontrol+,3ᳮSalesbySpecification,Grade,ofStandardஹᡈ᪗ᓬFairAverageQuality(FAQ.)“789ᙳ+”(=▭?ᓬ@ABCᵨE᪗)qualitytobeconsideredasbeingaboutequaltothesample+G᪵ᜧIJKL◅Insurance(1)I'mlookingforinsurancefromyourcompany.ᡃPᑮ
RSᩭᢗLḄ஺Mr.ZhangmetMr.WilliamintheofficeoftheFteople'InsuranceCompanyofChina.VᐜXᙠZ=[\L◅RSḄ]R^_`abcᐜX஺Afterloadingthegoodsonboardthehip,Igototheinsurancecompanytohavetheminsured.1deᡃᑮL◅RSfᢗL஺WhenshouldIgoandhavetheteainsured?ᡃghB᎛jkᢇₐnᢗLoAllright.Let'sleaveinsurancenow.8ᔳeL◅q⚪sᑮkt஺Ihavecometoexplainthatunfortunateaffairabouttheinsurance.ᡃPᩭuvkwL◅ḄxywḄ஺Imustsaythatyou'vecorrectedmyideasabouttheinsurance.ᡃz&{|}~aᡃL◅Ḅ஺Thisinformationofficeprovidesclientswithinformationoncargoinsurance.kqᜐᜧ,ᐵ.ᱥᢗL*☢Ḅ஺Theunderwritersareresponsiblefortheclaimasfarasitiswithinthescopeofcover.⌕PᙠL◅ᑁeL◅RSs஺Thelossinquestionwasbeyondthecoveragegrantedbyus.ᜫxᒹᙠᡃ*LḄᑁ஺TheextentofinsuranceisstipulatedinthebasicpolicyformandinthevariousriskclauseL◅Ḅᑏᙠ¡¢L◅ᓫ)ᔜ¥◅¦Ḅᩩ¨t஺

16Pleasefillintheapplicationform.©ªᑏ«ᢗLᓫ஺WordsandPhrasesinsureL◅¬ᢗL¬LinsuranceL◅¬L◅®¬L◅¯°underwritersL◅ᖪ(ᢣ²L³◅ḄL◅ᖪ)L◅´[insurancecompanyL◅RSinsurerL◅[insurancebrokerL◅~µ[insuranceunderwriterL◅L[insuranceapplicantᢗL[insurant,theinsured¶L◅[,¸L[tocover(effect,arrange,takeout)insuranceᢗLinsurancecoverage;riskscoveredL◅insuranceslipᢗLᓫinsuredamountL◅¯°insuranceagainstriskL◅insuranceclauseL◅ᩩ¨insuranceinstructionᢗL¹ºinsurancebusinessL◅»¼insuranceconditionsL◅ᩩwL◅Insurance(2)WhatrisksisthePeople'sInsuranceCompanyofChinaabletocover?Z=[\L◅RSLḄ◅¦ᨵ¾¿oWhatrisksshouldbecovered?ÀzL¾¿◅oWhatkindofinsuranceareyouabletoprovideformyconsignment?
RSÁᡃḄkᢇ.L¾¿◅ᕖoIt'sbetterforyoutocantheleaflet,andthenmakeadecision.{ᨬ8ᐜ&'(eÄÅÆLgh◅஺Thesekindsofriskssuityourconsignment.k¿◅¦〉ᔠ{⌕ᢗLḄ.ᱥ஺MayIaskwhatexactlyinsurancecoversaccordingtoyourusualC.I.Fterms?©q᪷Ê{|CᵨḄCIFËᩩweᡠLḄÍÎᒹ¾¿◅¦oIt'simportantforyoutoreadthe"fineprint"inanyinsurancepolicysothat

17youknowwhatkindofcoverageyouarebuying.▅ÐL◅ᓫ?Ḅ“$ᑣ”{PᓝᑖÕ⌕Ḅek᪵sÁº⍝{⌕ḄL◅ᒹ¾¿⚗"஺WordsandPhrasesPIQD(People'sInsuranceCompanyofChina)Z=[\L◅RSriskinsured,riskcoveredL◅⚗risk◅¦toprovidetheinsurance…L◅leaflet&'(fineprint$ᑣwhatistheinsurancepremium?L◅®PÙÚoThepremiumistobecalculatedinthisway.L◅®Pk᪵ÛÜḄ஺Thetotalpremiumis800U.S.dollars.L◅®ÝᐳP800ßᙊ஺Thecoverpaidforwillvaryaccordingtothetypeofgoodsandthecircumstances.L◅®ᵨᢥ᯿.ᱥã¦ḄᐹåæçèᨵᡠxK஺Theratesquotedbyusareverymoderate.Ofcourse,thepremiumvarieswiththerangeofinsurance.ᡃ|ᡠᦈêḄ®᳛Pìᨵ▲ḄeîᯠeL◅®ᵨ⌕᪷ÊᢗLḄᜧðñᨵᡠxK஺Accordingtoco-insuranceclauses,theinsuredpersonmustpayusually20percentofthetotalexpensescovered.᪷ÊᐳKL◅ᩩ¨eL◅[¹Còóôᐰö®ᵨḄ÷ᑖøùᓝ஺

18Theinsurancerateforsuchkinkofriskwillvaryaccordingtothekind.kã◅¦ḄL◅®᳛j᪷Ê.ᱥ¥ãñÆ஺Insurancebrokerswillquoteratesforalltypesofcargoandrisks.L◅~µ[èúûLᔜã.ᱥḄᔜ¥◅¦Ḅ®ᵨ஺Canyougivemeaninsurancerate?ÀÁüᡃýL◅᳛⊤ᔩCouldyoufindoutthepremiumrateforporcelain?
ᘤḄ◅᳛ᔩYoushouldstudynotonlythebenefitsbutalsothetermsandlimitationsofaninsuranceagreementthatappearsbestsuitedtoyourneeds.⌕Ẇᔜ◅ᡠ᪗Ḅ◅Ḅᵨ⌕Ẇ!Ḅᩩ#$▲ᑴᯠ(⌱*ᨬ〉ᔠ◤⌕Ḅ஺WordsandPhrasesinsuranceexpense◅premiumrate◅᳛premium◅insurancerate◅᳛⊤insuranceproceeds◅1(◅ᦈᐭ)◅Insurance(3)F.P.A.standsfor"FreefromParticularAverage".FPA7⊤89◅஺W.P.A.standsfor"WithParticularAverage".WPA7⊤:;◅஺I'llhavethegoodscoveredagainstFreefromParticularAverage.ᡃ=>?ᱥᢗ89◅஺IknowthatF.P.Ainsurancedoesn'tcoverlossesonconsumergoods.

19ᡃB⍝89◅ᒹEFGḄHᜫ஺Idon'tthinkthattheW.P.AinsurancecoversmorerisksthantheF.P.A..ᡃJ>:;◅KḄMNO89◅ḄMP஺FreefromParticularAverageisgoodenough.Q89◅RSTU஺ThegoodsaretobeinsuredF.P.A.Vᢇ?◤ᢗ89◅஺Whatyou'vecoveredisLeakage.ᡠᢗḄXYZ◅஺Whydon'tyouwishtocoverRiskofBreakage?
>[\]ᢗẚ_◅ᕖW.P.Acoverageistoonarrowforashipmentofthisnature,pleaseextendthecoveragetoincludeTPND.┐bVឋdḄ?ᱥQ:;◅XeḄfgᏕij?ᡂ◅஺Don'tyouwishtoarrangeforW.P.A.andadditionalcoverageagainstRiskofBreakage?
]:;◅l▬gẚ_◅ᔩNoteverybreakageisaparticularaverage.NXᡠᨵḄẚ_◅opqᓫstH஺ThecoverageisW.P.A.plusRiskofBreakage.ᢗḄ◅u>:;◅gẚ_◅஺Well,obviouslyyouwon'twantAllRiskscover.vᯠ]wᔠ◅஺AnAllRiskspolicycoverseverysortofhazard,doesn'tit?xwᔠ◅ᓫᡠᨵḄ◅XᔩWe'dlike?tocovertheporcelainwareagainstAllRisks.ᡃy]>Vᢇᘤᢗwᔠ◅஺PleaseinsuretheshipmentforRMB5,000againstAllRisks.f=Vᢇ?ᱥᢗwᔠ◅z{5000ᐗ஺We'vecoverinsuranceonthesegoodsfor10%abovetheinvoicevalueagainst

20AllRisks.ᡃy}~=V?ᱥᢥἠ1gᑖᓝᢗwᔠ◅஺AnERA.policyonlycoversyouagainsttotallossinthecaseofminorperils.89◅Qᨵᙠᓻ◅ᐰHᜫ◅஺TheF.P.A.doesn'tcoverpartiallossofthenatureofparticularaverage.89◅ᒹEᓫstHឋdḄᑖHᜫ஺AW.P.A.orW.A.policycoversyouagainstpartiallossinallcases.:;◅ᙠoᑖHᜫ◅஺You'llcoverSRCCrisks,won'tyou?y⌕ஹஹz◅XᔩAsourusualpractice,insurancecoversbasicrisksonly,at110percentoftheinvoicevalue.Ifcoverageagainstotherrisksisrequired,suchasbreakage,leakage,TPND,hookandcontaminationdamages,theextrapremiuminvolvedwouldbeforthebuyer'saccount.ᢥ᯿ᡃyḄQ◅ᢥἠ1110%ᢗ஺᝞¡⌕gᐸ!◅u᝞ẚ_◅ஹYZ◅ஹi£⍡ᜫ◅ஹ¥Hl¦§◅¨᜜◅ᵫ«¬®஺WordsandPhrasesinsurancefreeof(from)particularaverage(FPA).89◅(ᓫstH)insurancewithparticularaverage(WPA),basicrisks,insuranceagainstallrisks.wᔠ◅¯ᑗ◅riskofbreakageẚ_◅riskofclashing±H◅riskofrust┤◅riskofhookdamage¥H◅riskofcontamination(tainting)¦§◅insuranceagainsttotallossonly(TLO)ᐰH◅riskofdeteriorationd◅riskofpackingbreakageᒹ³ẚ´◅

21riskofinherentviceᑁᙠ¶◍◅riskofnormalloss(naturalloss)?⌶ὑᡈ»ᯠHὑ◅riskofspontaneouscombustion»ᯠ◅riskofcontingentimportduty¼½ᐵ¿◅insuranceagainstwarriskᡊÁ◅AirTransportationCargoWarRiskÂÃÄÅᡊÁ◅overlandTransportationInsuranceWarRisk▮ÇÄÅᡊÁ◅insuranceagainststrike,riotandcivilcommotion(SRCC)z◅insuranceagainstextraneousrisks,insuranceagainstadditionalrisks▬Ƚ◅riskoftheft,pilferageandnondelivery(TRND)i£j?Ḽ◅riskoffreshand/ofrainwaterdamage(wetting)Ê:ËÌ◅riskofleakageYZ◅riskofshortageinweight/quantityÍÎ◅riskofsweatingand/orheatingÏÐÏÑU◅riskofbadodour(changeofflavour)ូᕡ◅ᕡ◅riskofmould◭◅ondeckrisk‧☢◅◅Insurance(4)Wecanserveyouwithabroadrangeofcoverageagainstallkinksofrisksforseatransport.ᡃ×ØSTKtÙÄÅḄᡠᨵ◅u஺Generallyspeaking,aviationinsuranceismuchcheaperthanmarineinsurance.ÃÄ◅•Û⌕OtÄ◅ÜÝ஺Then"allmarinerisks"meanslessthan"allrisks".Þ\“ᑗtÙÄÅ?ᱥ◅’áᕡḼO"ᑗ◅’M஺Intheinsurancebusiness,theterm"average"simplymeans"loss"inmostcases.ᙠ◅ãä“average”•å•ÛX'tH”Ḅáè஺

22Arethereanyotherclausesinmarinepolicies?tÄ◅ᒹEᐸ!ᩩéᔩBreakageisaparticularaverage,isn'tit?ẚ_◅pqᓫstHbᔩtheriskofbreakageiscoveredbymarineinsurance,isn'tit?ẚ_◅XᒹEᙠtÙÄÅ?ᱥ◅ᑁḄbᔩTheEnglishunderstoodby"marinerisks"onlyrisksincidenttotransportbysea.êëb“tÙÄÅ?ᱥ◅”Qᳮí>tÙäḄá᜜î◅஺Generally,theterm"allmarinerisks"isliabletobemisinterpretedanditsuseshouldbeavoidedinL/C.Ûᙢ“ᑗtÙÄÅ?ᱥ◅”ð᧕òóí¯ôõöᙠ÷ᵨøäùᵨ஺WordsandPhrasesoceanmarinecargoinsuranceclausestÙÄÅ?ᱥ◅ᩩétransportationinsuranceÄÅ◅overlandtransportationinsurance,landtransitinsurance▮ÇÄÅ◅insuranceagainstairrisk,airtransportationinsuranceÂÃÄÅ◅parcelpostinsuranceúᒹÄÅ◅oceanmarinecargoinsurance,marineinsurance:◅(tÄ?ᱥ◅)AllRisksᑗ◅averagetHParticularAverage(P.A)ᓫstHGeneralAverage(G.A)ᐳütHMarineLossestHpartiallossᑖHᜫtotallossᐰHᜫ◅Insurance(5)

23PleasetellmewhetherIneedtopurchaseaforeignstudentpolicy.ýþᡃXᔲᡃ◤⌕᜜◅஺I'dliketoknowwhetherbasichealthinsurancecoverageshouldincludebenefitsforoutpatient,hospital,surgeryandmedicalexpenses.ᡃ⍝Ꮙ◅ᡠᑡḄ⚗ᔲᒹ▾!"▾!#$%&'()ᵨḄ+,஺WillyoupleasetellmewhereIcanpurchasehealthinsurance?-./ᡃᙠ1ᜐ3ᑮᏉ◅5Healthinsuranceismerelyameanbywhichpeoplepoolmoneytoguardagainstthesuddeneconomicconsequencesofsicknessorinjury.Ꮙ◅6789:;<⚜■?@ᡈBCDEᯠGḄHIJK஺"Majormedical"insurancepoliciesaredesignedtohelpoffsetheavymedicalexpensesthatcanresultfromaprolongedillnessorseriousinjury.“MN&)◅”PᙠQRSTU@%VCᡠ⌼ᡂḄVᜧ&Z[஺Ifthebenefitsprovidedunderacertainpolicyhaveadollarlimitationforeachservice,youshoulddeterminewhethertheselimitationsarerealistic.᝞]^•`◅abḄᏉ◅cdefghᨵ+,▲N!klhm:▲Nᔲᔠop▭஺WordsandPhraseshealthinsurance?@◅!Ꮙ◅sicknessinsurance?@◅insuranceformedicalcareᶭ◅"majormedical"insurancepolicyMN&)◅insuranceduringaperiodofillness?@◅lifeinsurancest◅endowmentinsuranceuὁ◅insuranceonlastsurvivorwt◅topurchasehealthinsuranceᏉ◅

24tohaveahealthinsurancepolicyᏉ◅AdditionalWordsandPhrasespolicy-holder◅xᡝextrapremiumN᜜◅)additionalpremium▬{◅)insurancelaw◅|insuranceact◅ᩩ~insuranceindustry?◅insurancedivision◅insurancetreaty◅ᔠcovernote◅guaranteeofinsurance◅premiumrebate◅)ᡷinsuranceclaim◅+ceding,retrocession(forreinsurance)ᑖreinsuranceᑖ(◅)ceding(insurance)companyᑖabco-insurancecompanyᐳ◅abinsurancedocument◅ᓫcertificateofinsurance◅iiEincreasingcoverage,extendingcoveragerenewingcoverageinsurancecommission◅socialinsurance◅personalpropertyinsurances◅insuranceofcontents`◅Commission(1)HecametoChinatoholdatalkaboutthecommissionforhisnewbusiness.ᩭ¡¢£ᨵᐵ¥¡Ḅ¦⚪஺

25Whataboutthecommission?¨©5Usuallya1%commissionisgiventoouragent.9ª«¬!ᡃ®¯°ᳮᖪ³ᑖ´9Ḅ஺We'llgiveyoua3%commissiononeverytransaction.dµ¶᧕ᡃ®¸¹¯³ᑖ´ºḄ஺Weexpecta5%commission,ofcourse.»ᯠ!ᡃ®¼½3¾ᑮ³ᑖ´¿Ḅ஺We'reusuallypaidwitha5%commissionoftheamountforeverydeal.cdµ¶᧕Ḅᡂ¶À!ᡃ®Á¹¯5%Ḅ஺Ouragentsinotherareasusuallygeta3-5%commission.ᡃÃᐸᙢÆḄ°ᳮÁ¾ᑮ3-5%Ḅ஺Wecanget4.5%commissionif10,000casesareordered.᝞]Ç1ÈÉ!ᡃ®Ê<¾ᑮ4.5%Ḅ஺Thecommissionfromourcorporationisveryfavourable.ᡃ®ab¯ḄËÌÍ஺Theabovepriceincludesyourcommissionof2%.ÎÏÐÑᒹ³ᑖ´ÒḄᙠᑁ஺Theabovepriceexcludesyourcommission.ÎÏÐÑÔᒹᙠᑁ஺Thisamountincludesallcommission.m9ᦪÖᒹᡠᨵᙠᑁ஺Ourquotationissubjecttoa4%commission.ᡃÃ×Ðᒹ³ᑖ´ØḄᙠᑁ஺Generallyspeaking,commissiondependsonthequantityofgoodsordered.9ªᩭÙ!¨©ᵫÇÛÀÜh஺YDUcangetahighercommissionrateifyouorderabiggerquantity.᝞]k®ÇÛÀᜧ!᳛6Þ஺It'sbetterforustostartbusinessoncommissionbasisfirst.cᡃ®ᩭÙ!ᨬà3ᙠ¯ḄẠÎZâ¶᧕஺Wedon'tpayanycommissiononourtraditionalproducts.cᡃ®Ḅãä'!ᭆÔ¹¯஺Commissionisallowedtoagentsonly.ᡃ®æc°ᳮ¹஺Wedon'tpaycommissiontofirmsdealingwithusonprincipal-toprincipalbasis.cçÔÁè¡éᖪêëìᩭḄᖪí!ᡃ®9ᭆÔ¹¯஺WordsandPhrasescommission(com.)!#)twoorseveralitemsofcommissionîµᡈïµallcommissionsᡠᨵtopaythecommission[¹rateofcommissionorscaleofcommission᳛commissiontransaction¹Ḅ¶᧕

26commissionagent°ᳮᖪð°ñsð°ᳮò᧕ᖪcommissionchargesð#)overridingcommissionó{commissiononaslidingscale⌴{Commission(2)Thecommissionhasbeenincreasedto5%inyourfavour.õÃö÷ø³ᑖ´¿஺Youcangrantusanextracommissionof2%tocovertheadditionalrisk.k®Ê<ù¾ú᜜³ᑖ´ÒḄ!<⊡,kBḄN᜜ü◅஺We'llget0.5%moreincommissionforoureffort.Hèý!ᡃ®Ê<¨þᑮ³ᑖ´ÿ
Ḅ஺Foreveryadditional10piecesofpianossold,we'llgiveyou0.2%morecommission.᧕ᓬ10ᴊᑖḄ஺Wecan'tagreetoincreasetherateofcommission.ᡃ!"᳛஺A5%commissionmeansanincreaseinourprice.ᑖ
Ḅ$%&'()*+஺Ahighercommissionmeansahigherprice.᝞-)*+'(.⌕)*஺A4%commissionisthemaximum.ᡃᨬ1ᑖ2Ḅ஺Isitpossibletoincreasethecommissionto4%?3)*ᑮᑖ2ᕖ6Evena6%commissionisnothigh.78ᑖ9Ḅ:;*஺2%commissionisnotenough,isit?ᑖḄ<<=+6Thepresentcommissionisn'tenough.>ᨵḄ@஺

27Therearethreeitemsofcommissionleftunpaid.AᒕC᧕ḄDE஺AdditionalWordsandPhrasescommissionsearnedᦈᐭcommissionsreceivedinadvance⚜ᦈcommissionforcollectionIᦈJKcommissioninsuranceL◅commissionsystemᑴcommissionagencyIᳮP᧕sellingcommissionI├buyingcommissionIRIᳮAgencyInconsiderationofyourextensiveexperienceinthefield,wearegladtoappointyouasouragent.ὃ⇋ᑮᙠVWXY[Ḅ\]^_ᡃ`*ᐶᢣcdᡃḄIᳮ஺I'mentitledtobeingappointedasyouragent.ᡃᨵᩗfᢣcdgIᳮ஺WekeepastockinLondonandactasdistributorsaswellasagents.ᡃᙠhᦦᨵjkl^⃩├nopIᳮ஺We'vedecidedtoentrustyouwiththesoleagencyforcars.ᡃqcrᡲtdᡃuvḄwxIᳮ஺Thankyouforyourproposalofactingasouragent.yygtdᡃIᳮḄz{஺Ifwecometoterms,we'llappointyouasouragent.᝞-|ᡂ~{ᡃᢣcdᡃgḄIᳮ஺Wewishtohandleasanagentthegoodsyouareexporting.ᡃᖪḄIᳮ஺

28Wecanplayanimportantpartasabuyingagentinyouroverseastrade.ᡃᙠg᜜P᧕ḄIᳮ⌕tᵨ஺We'reinapositiontotakegoodcareofyourimportbusinessasabuyingagent.ᡃtdgXYIᳮḄ஺Pleasegetintouchwithouragentsforthesupplyofthegoodsyourequire.ᡠ◤ḄᖪᡃḄIᳮὶ஺We'llleaveasidetheproblemofagencyuntilnextweek.ᡃᨚ3Iᳮ⚪ᤁᑮᕜ஺We'renotpreparedtotaketheagencyintoconsiderationforthetimebeing.¡ᡃ¢£ᜓὃ⇋Iᳮ⚪஺Wewon'tconsideragencyinyourmarketatpresent.ᡃ¡ὃ⇋ᙠᙢ¦§ḄIᳮ⚪஺Wehavetodeclineyourproposalofactingasoursoleagency.ᡃy¨tdᡃgwxIᳮḄz{஺Ithinkitprematureforustodiscussthequestionofagency.ᡃ©d>ᙠª«Iᳮ⚪d¬஺Unlessyouincreasetheturnover,wecanhardlyappointyouasoursoleagent.◀¯!"⃩X°ᔲᑣᡃ³´ᢣctdᡃgḄwxIᳮ஺Don'tyouthinktheannualturnoverforasoleagentisratherconservative?µwxIᳮᩭ·V᪵W¹º├n»¼©d½L¾ᔩ6Itwastwoyearsagothatwemadethemoursoleagent.ᡃ<ᙠÀº¡rÁdᡃgwxIᳮḄ஺Whenopportunitymatures,wewillconsidermakingyouourexclusiveagentfortheU.K.ÂÃÄᡂÅᡃὃ⇋rᡲdᡃgᙠὶᔠÇÈḄwxIᳮ஺We'llconsiderappointingyouasoursoleagentforourTshirtsforthenexttwoyearsinyourlocalmarket.

29ᡃὃ⇋ᢣc¼dÉȦ§ÊTឰÌḄwxIᳮdÍÀº஺Iamheretodaytoapplyforthesoleagencyofyourproductinourlocalmarket.ᡃÎᜩᩭ

30Iᳮ~{çᑴÒḄ¯ìÛÜᡃíᨵî>ï☢ᨵñò஺Ihopewecanseeeyetoeyeabouttheothertermsoftheagencythen.ᡃóôᑮõ᎛ᡃᙠIᳮ~{ḄᐸÁᩩKÊùWúû஺Wewonderwhetherwemayconcludealongtermagencycontractwithyou.ᡃü⍝ᔲg|ᡂþÍIᳮᔠÿ஺Well,whatannualquantitywouldyouliketosuggestforthenewagreementthen?
ᙠḄ├ᕖOuragencyagreementcallsforatimelymarketreport.ᡃḄᳮ⌕⌴"#$%&'(஺Sincetheagencyagreementwassigned,yourturnoverhasamountedto$500.)*ᳮ+,-.Ḅ├/015002ᙊ஺Ihopeyou'llsparenoeffortstopromotethesaleofourproductssoastopavethewayforrenewingtheagencyagreementwhenitexpiresattheendofthisyear.456789:;├ᙠ<=>?.@ABC⍝E஺Wecanrenewtheagreementofagencyonitsexpiry.ᡃF-ᙠᳮ>?@A஺I'vecomeagaintorenewoursoleagencyagreementforanother3years.ᡃGHIJKLᡃMNḄOPᳮQRS஺AdditionalWordsandPhrasessellingagents├ᳮbuyingagentsTUᳮforwardingagentsVWᳮtheagentcarryingstockXUᳮtheagentofnecessityYZ◤⌕Ḅᳮ\principal]ᡲagentᳮ\

31agentsoragencyᳮᡈᳮ`aexpressagencybcᳮimpliedagencydᳮ├SaleYourTshirtscanfindareadymarketintheeasternpartofourcountry.6eḄTឰᙠᡃegh#$iᵹ├஺WeallunderstandthatChineseshippersareverypopularinyourmarketonaccountoftheirsuperiorqualityandcompetitiveprice.ᡃkl⍝emnopqᱥ2sᵹ├t#$஺Thisproducthasbeenabestsellerfornearlyoneyear.uUᡂᵹ├U0wxy1z஺Thereisagoodmarketforthesearticles.G{ᖪ}ᵹ├஺Thereisapoormarketforthesearticles.G{ᖪ}~├஺Thereisnomarketforthesearticles.G{ᖪ}├E஺Yourbicyclesfindareadymarkethere.Ḅ)ᙠᙢ├Ei஺Theytalkedoveratgreatlengththematterofhowtoincreasethesaleofyourproducts.ᙢz᪵}Ḅ├஺Pleasefurnishuswithmoreinformationfromtimetotimesothatwemayfindoutletsforourstationery.ᵫtUᱥḄ◤x⊡ᐙU஺Theyaredoingtheirutmosttoopenupanoutlet.ᙠ8ᨬᜧ9-ᡭ├E஺Ourdemandforthisproductissteadilyontheincrease.ᡃu}Ḅ◤ᙠᙢR஺

32Wearesurethatyoucansellmorethisyearaccordingtothemarketingconditionsatyourend.᪷£ᙢḄ#$¤¥ᡃ¦§<ᨵ5├©ª஺Packinghasaclosebearingonsales.ᒹ¬}Ḅ├Eᨵiᜧᐵ®஺Wearetryingtofindamarketforthisarticle.ᡃᙠ9⚗ᖪ}°├E஺Weregretwecannotfindanymarketforthisarticle.ᡃi±²7⚗ᖪ}°ᑮ├E஺Accordingtoourexperience,thesehandicraftscanfindareadymarketinJapan.᪷£ᡃḄw´G{µ¶·}ᙠ¸¹├Ei஺Wecandiscussfurtherdetailswhenyouhaveathoroughknowledgeofthemarketingpossibilitiesofourproducts.ºᐰ☢z½ᡃ}├F7ឋM.ᡃI;'¿஺Accordingtoyourestimate,whatisthemaximumannualturnoveryoucouldfulfill?£ÀÁ7ÂᡂḄᨬᜧ├ᕖThemarketsituationisnotknowntous.ᡃÃz½#$¤¥஺Yourmarketstillhasgreatpotential.Ḅ#$ÄᨵiᜧÅ9஺Thereareonlyafewunsoldpieces.ÆᨵÇÈᖪ}ÉÊ஺WordsandPhrasessalableᵹ├Ḅpopularᨵ├EḄfindamarket├

33sellingline├Etrialsale,testsale,testmarketË├salablegoodsᵹ├UpopulargoodsÌUthebestsellingline(thebestseller)ÍÎUtofind(have)areadymarketᨵ├Eᵹ├tohaveastrongfootinginamarketiᨵ├Egoodmarketᵹ├poor(no)market~├goodsthatsellwellᵹ├Uselllikewildfireᵹ├├©iÌPromotingthesaleofyoursuitshasprovedsuccessful.Ï├ḄЬÃiÑᑭ஺Thereappeartobenodifficultyinmarketingtheseproducts.ᙠ#$ÓÏ├G{}ÔÕÖᨵ×ØÙ஺Welearnthatyouhaveyearsofexperienceinpushingthesaleofporcelainproducts.ᡃ©lᙠÏ├Úᘤ☢iᨵw´஺Meanwhile,weshouldliketoknowyourplantopushthesaleofourproducts.ÜᡃiKz½Ï├ᡃ}ḄÁᑜ஺Youareexperiencedinpromotingthesaleofourcraftpaper.ᙠÏ├ᡃḄÞßà☢iᨵw´஺Icanassureyouwe'vesparednoeffortandspentquiteasumofmoneyinpushingthesalesofyourproducts.ᡃF-ᔣâãᙠÏ├}ᡃ*Öäå9æçèᵨzᜧḄêë஺We'vesparednoeffortinpromotingthesaleofyourproducts.ᡃÏ├Ḅ}ì8ᐰ9Ḅ஺

34Oursalesmenhaveworkedhardtopushthesaleofyourproductshere,thereandeverywhere.ᡃÇíÏ├ᕒ9¶ïðᜐᝂó஺Thanksforalltheworkyou'vedonetopromotethesaleofourproducts.ôõÏ├ᡃḄ}ᡠïḄ9஺WordsandPhrasessellingtechniquesÏ├ᢈøsellingandadministrativeexpenseÏ?ᾠûᳮüᵨsellingconceptÏ├ZýAdditionalWordsandPhrasessellingᓬḄÿ
Ḅ├Ḅsellᓬ├
ᨵ├salesagent├├
ᳮᖪsellatabargain,sellataprofit
sellgoodsatahighfigure
sellers'marketᓬbuyers'marketsellingprice
sellingseason├
⁚marketingmix├
ᔠ├
ᶍmarketingestablishment├
├
consumermedia├
☢Ḅ"#$ᐹsalesperson&├ᕒ
(ᕒ)ᒹ+ᵱஹ᝕/salesman
(ᕒsaleslady,salesgirl,saleswoman)01/᝕
(ᕒsalesclerkᵱ)᝕/
(ᕒ)2301/marketingmanagers&├4ᳮmarkettest├
56

35clumping8├sporadicdumpingᏔ:8├;ᢝ=ឋ8├predatorydumping?@ឋ8├InternationalDumpingCode3▭B8├marketingsystem├
CDacompany'smarketingprogramEFḄ├
GᡀUsalespromotionI├marketingstrategies├
ᶍmarketsegmentationᑖᒘsellingcost├
ᡂMsellingexpense├
Nᵨsellingoperation├
Psellingprofit├
ᑭRSTClaim□aimsoccurfrequentlyininternationaltrade.3▭U᧕W4XYZST[\஺Wearenowlodgingaclaimwithyou.ᡃ_[ᙠᔣbcST஺I'veheardthatyouhavelodgedaclaimagainstus.def_g4ᔣᡃ_chST஺We'vegivenyourclaimourcarefulconsideration.ᡃ_g4if_cḄSTjhklẆn஺Welodgedaclaimwithyouonfertilizeryesterday.᧤ᜩᡃ_iᓄrs⚪ᔣbcST஺Wefiledaclaimwith(against)youfortheshortweight.ᐵvwxs⚪ᡃ_g4ᔣfcST஺TheChineserepresentativeandMr.Bakediscussedtheclaim.

36W⊤z{|ᐜZᖪ~hSTs⚪஺Wehavereceivedthelettersgivingfulldetailsofthisclaim.ᡃ_g4ᦈᑮhᑁḄST஺Sometimestheshippingcompanyorinsurancecompanyisfoundtoberesponsiblefortheclaim.ᨵ᎛ᡈ◅T஺WordsandPhrasesclaimSTTTcompensateT⊡tomakea(one's)claimcSTtoregistera(one's)claimcSTtofilea(one's)claimcSTtolodgea(one's)claimcSTtoraisea(one's)claimcSTtoputina(one's)claimcSTtobringupa(one's)claimcSTtomakeaclaimwith(against)sb.ᔣcSTtomakeaclaimfor(on)sth.icSTclaimsSTᩗIwasaskedtocometoyourcompanyonmywayhomeinordertosettletheclaim.ᡃᩭf_hᜐᳮSTs⚪Ḅ஺Wehavereceivedyourremittanceinsettlementofourclaim.ᡃ_g4ᦈᑮfᡃ_STs⚪Ḅ஺Claimsforincorrectmaterialmustbemadewithin60daysafterarrivalofthegoods.ᨵᐵᔠᩞᧇḄSTs⚪£¤ᙠ(ᑮ¥60ᜩᑁ¦§஺Iwanttosettleourclaimonyouforthe100tonsofbleachedcottonwaste,asperSalesConfirmationNo.1254E.ᡃ_¨ᜐᳮE©ᐵv├
ª«¬1254E®100ᔴ°±²³ḄSTs⚪஺Wehavealreadymadeacarefulinvestigationofthecase.

37ᡃ_g4´µ¶STᫀjhlḄ¸¹Ẇn஺Wearenotinapositiontoentertainyourclaim.ᡃ_º»¼f_cḄST⌕¾஺Butweregretourinabilitytoaccommodateyourclaim.¿ÀÁᡃ_º»¼fST஺Wemayconsiderwithdrawingtheclaim.ᡃ_§ὃ⇋ÅÆST⌕¾஺I'llwritetoourhomeofficetowaiveourclaimimmediately.ᡃÇᓽᑏÊᡃ_ḄËcÌÍST஺-WordsandPhrasestosettleaclaimST)s⚪/towithdrawaclaimÅÏ)⚗/STtowaiveaclaimÌÍST)⌕¾/claimonthegoods´)ᢇ/(STclaimonyouᔣ)/cSTclaimfortradedisputeU᧕ÒÓ)ÔÕḄ/STclaimforindemnity⌕¾STclaimforcompensation⌕¾⊡onmywayhomeinsettlementofincorrectÖªḄSalesConfirmation├
ª«¬tomakeaninvestigation¸¹Ẇninability׺ØI'mafraidyoushouldcompensateusby5%ofthetotalamountofthecontract.b⌕TᡃᔠÙᐰÛÜḄÝᑖÞß஺Iproposewecompensateyouby3%ofthetotalvalueplusinspectionfee.ᡃ¨ᡃ_TbÝᑖÞàḄáᜫã᜜åæᖪçN஺Weregretforthelossyouhavesufferedandagreetocompensateyouby$500.ᡃ_´fè¼Ḅáᜫé⊤ÁêÙêᔣf_T5002ᙊ஺WeregisteraclaimforUS$200.ᡃ_cST2002ᙊ஺TheJapaneseCompanyagreedtocompensateusforthedefectivewatchesby4%ofthetotalvalue.ìM•FÙêiî⊤ïªᔣᡃ_TËðḄÝᑖÞñ஺WordsandPhrasesclaimsexpensesᳮTNᵨTherearesomedifferenttypesofclaims.STᨵòóÙḄôõ஺

38Thisisaclaimonquality.µö÷ST஺Thisisaclaimonshortweight.µwxST'Thisisaclaimondelayedshipment.µùúûüST஺Claimonshortweightiscausedbypackingdamageorshortloading.wxSTᵫᒹûẚáᡈûüwxÔÕḄ஺Claimondelayedshipmentisthatsellersfailtomakethedeliveryaccordingtotimeschedule.ùúST´ᓬÿᨵᢥᱥḄ஺Claimonqualityoriginatesfrominferiorqualityofgoodsorqualitychanges.()ᙠᱥᡈᦋḄᩩḄ஺WordsandPhrasesclaimforshortweightᵫ!"claimfordamageᵫ#$claimforlossanddamageofcargoᱥ#ᜫclaimforinferiorqualityᵫAdditionalWordsandPhrasesclaimagainstcarrierᔣ'(claimee)(claimant(claimsman#ᜫ*+,(claimsassessor-#(claimssettlingagentᳮ/ᳮ(claimssurveyingagentᳮ01/ᳮ(claimingadministration2claimsdepartment(commissionboard)3ᕒ5claimletter6claimsdocuments7claimreport89claimsstatement:ᓫclaimssettlementᳮclaimssettlingfeeᳮ/ᳮ◅ᔠAContractWe'llhavethecontractreadyforsignature.ᡃDEFᜓHᔠAIJK஺Wesignedacontractformedicines.

39ᡃDJLMNOPᔠA஺Mr.ZhangsignsthecontractonbehalfoftheChinaNationalSilkImport&ExportCorporation.Qᐜ/⊤TUVWXYZ[\ᙠᔠA]JMK஺AJapanesecompanyandSINCXDHEMhaveenteredintoanewcontract.TUᓄ_XYZ[\`abcdNe[\JLMNOfᔠA஺Itwasbecauseofyouthatwelandedthecontract.ghᨵMijᡃDkJMlOᔠA஺_Weofferedamuchlowerprice,sotheygotthecontract.ᵫᡃD8njoDbᡃDJMᔠA஺Areweanywherenearacontractyet?ᡃDpqrstuJᔠAMᔩwWesignacontractwhenweareactingasprincipals."principals"referstothe"seller"andthe"buyer"
xᡃDyhz{⌕JLᔠA஺r}~Ḅ“z”ᢣᔠATḄᓬbuIknowwetheseller
shoulddrawupacontractandthebuyerhastosignit.ᡃD⍝ᡃDrᓬuE•OᔠAjJᔠA஺Weshouldsimultaneouslysigntwocontracts,onesalescontractforbeefandmutton,andtheothercontractofequalvalueforthepurchaseofcotton.ᡃDAJᔠAjNᾙḄ├rYuᔠAjNḄrXYuᔠA஺Webothwanttosignacontract,andwehavetomakesomeconcessionstodoit.ᡃD{JᔠAjg{⌕஺Weareheretodiscussanewcontractwithyou.ᡃDᩭ}~b¢££LNOfᔠAḄ¤⚪஺Ourcurrentcontractisabouttoexpire,andwe'llneedtodiscussanewone.¦ᦻD¨ᨵᔠA©⌕ª«Mj◤⌕£NfᔠA஺Wecanrepeatthecontractonthesameterms.ᡃDpqᢥA᪵ᩩLNᔠA஺Afewproblemswithsupplyundertheoldcontractmustbequicklyresolved.ὁᔠATḄN°¤⚪±©²³஺Weoughttoclearupproblemsarisingfromtheoldcontract.ᡃDE:ᳮNὁᔠAT¨Ḅ¤⚪஺Doyoualwaysmakeoutacontractforeverydeal?´µ¶᧕{◤⌕LNOᔠAᔩwAsperthecontract,theconstructionoffactoryisnowunderway.᪷¹ᔠAº»j_ᔆḄ½¾¿ᙠXÀT஺WordsandPhrasescontractᔠAjLÁᔠAcontractorLÂ(j'ᒹ(contractualᔠAḄj᜿ÂḄ

40tomakeacontractJLᔠAtoplaceacontractLᔠAtoenterintoacontractLᔠAtosignacontractJᔠAtodrawupacontractLᔠAtodraftacontractÅ₝ᔠAtogetacontractÇᑮᔠAtolandacontractÇᑮrÉᨵuᔠAtocountersignacontract5JᔠAtorepeatacontract"ÊᔠAanexecutorycontractËI᡻ÀḄᔠAanicefatcontractNÍᨵᑭḄᔠAoriginalsofthecontractᔠA¿dcopiesofthecontractᔠAÏdawrittencontract6☢ᔠAtomakesomeconcessionÑLookatthiscontract.ÒÓ}OᔠA஺Thesearetwooriginalsofthecontractweprepared.}ᡃDFᜓHḄOᔠA¿d஺WeencloseoursalescontractNo.45induplicate.▬]ᡃDÕ45Ö├ᔠA•×O஺Thecopyofourcontractwillbereturned.ᔠAḄÏdØ)ÙÚ஺Thiscontractisfor250metrictonsofgroundnutsatRMB1800perM/TC&FCopenhagen.}NO250ᔴḄᔠAjnÜh´[ᔴÝdÞ᪷ᡂdà◅ᩩãj01ᩩãjᩩãuPaymenttermsareimportantinacontracttoo,aren'tthey?ᔠATḄòãᩩóÍ"⌕jôᔩwWeshipourgoodsinaccordancewiththetermsofthecontract.ᡃDᢥᔠAᩩã¶஺

41I'msurethatshipmentwillbeeffectedaccordingtothecontractstipulation.ᡃ>7ᡃDèᢥᔠAº»᝞ª஺Wesincerelyhopethatbothqualityandquantityareinconformitywiththecontractstipulations.ᡃD÷øùúஹᦪ{ûᔠAº»üýᔠ஺AlltermsandconditionswillbethesameasthoseinyourpreviouscontractnumberC70064.ᡠᨵᩩãûᡃDÿ
ḄC70064ᔠḄᔜ⚗ᩩ஺Thecontractstatesthatthesupplierwillbechargedapenaltyifthereisadelayindelivery.ᔠ᝞ᖪ஺Whenthegoodsaren'tuptospecificationstatedinthecontract,thereisalsoapenaltyforpoorquality.᝞ᡠᱥᔠᡠ!"ᨵ$%ូ'஺WordsandPhrasescontractterms(orcontractclause)ᔠᩩcontractprovisions/stipulationsᔠcontractperiod(orcontractterm)ᔠ▲contractlifeᔠᨵᦔtobestipulatedinthecontractᙠᔠ+,-tobelaiddowninthecontractᙠᔠ+ᑡ/Thecontractcomesintoeffecttoday,wecan'tgobackonourwordnow.ᔠ01234ᦔᡃ678៎:OncethecontractisapprovedbytheChinesegovernment,itislegallybindinguponbothparties.ᔠ•<+=>?ᢇABCDEᨵ:FGHIJ஺Wehavetoholdyoutothecontract.ᡃ6K⌕MN6ᢥᔠPQ஺YDUmustputtheirrightsandinterestintoacontract.N6RSTU6ḄᩗWXᙠᔠ+஺Wealwayscarryoutthetermsofourcontracttotheletterandstandbywhatwesay.ᡃ6Yᢝ[ᔠ\]ᵨ஺It'sclearlyabreachofcontract._`ᯠbc8:ᔠ஺Anydeviationfromthecontractwillbeunfavourable.dec8ᔠfQgbᑭḄ஺Thebuyerhastheoptionofcancelingthecontract.ijᨵᩗklᔠ஺Ybuhavenogroundsforbackingoutofthecontract.N6mᨵnoᳮᵫrsᔠ஺

42Incaseonepartyfailstocarryoutthecontract,theotherpartyisentitledtocancelthecontract.᝞tD᡻vᔠwtDᨵᩗklxᔠ஺Areyouworryingaboutthenon-executionofthecontractandnon-paymentonourpart?Nbᔲz{ᡃ6|vᔠᡈὅYDUcannotcancelthecontractwithoutfirstsecuringouragreement.᝞mᨵQᐜKᡃ6N67lᔠ஺Thiscontractwillcomeintoforceassoonasitissignedbytwoparties.ᔠt

43on-paymenttosecureone'sagreementK...ḄAdditionalWordsandPhrasescontractpriceᔠHcontractwagesᔠcontractnoteiᓬᔠ()contractofemployment¡ᔠcontractofengagement¡ᔠcontractofcarriage¢£ᔠcontractofarbitration¤¥ᔠ

44contractforgoodsXᔠcontractforpurchase¦§ᔠcontractforservice¨©ᔠcontractforfuturedeliveryᔠcontractofsale├«ᔠcontractofinsurance¬◅ᔠcontractsalesXH├«contractlawᔠFtoshipacontract®¢ᔠḄᱥcontractualdisputeᔠ¯Ḅ°±along-termcontract²ᔠashort-termcontract³ᔠcontractpartiesᔠoQ´contractualpractice/usageᔠµ¶contractualclaim᪷¸ᔠḄ¹ᩗcontractualliability/obligationᔠḄº©contractualincomeᔠᦈᐭcontractualspecificationsᔠcontractualterms&conditionsᔠᩩ½ᩩ¾contractualguaranteeᔠḄz¬contractualdamageᔠ¿ÀḄÁÂcontractual-joint-ventureᔠÃ<⃩᜿HÆὶᔠ<⃩completionofcontractÈᡂᔠexecutionofcontract|vᔠperformanceofcontract|vᔠinterpretationofcontractÊᔠexpirationofcontractᔠËrenewalofcontractᔠḄÌXᖪ$ÍÎCommodityInspectionShallwetakeupthequestionofinspectiontoday?2ᜩÑ6ÒÓᖪ$ÍÎÔ⚪ᔳ஺Theinspectionofcommodityisnoeasyjob.ᖪÍÃb×ØÙᓫ஺Mr.BlackistalkingwiththeChineseimporteraboutinspectingthegoods.ÛÜÝᐜ4+DÞßᖪEᖪ$ÍÎÔ⚪Þvàá஺Asanintegralpartofthecontract,theinspectionofgoodshasitsspecialimportance.ÃâᔠãḄtäåᡂæᑖᖪ$ÍÎᐹᨵᱯêḄ[⌕ឋ஺Weshouldinspectthisbatchofporcelainwaretoseeifthereisanybreakage.ᡃ6⌕Íìtí_ᢇîᘤbᔲᨵẚÁḄ஺Theexportershavetherighttoinspecttheexportgoodsbeforedeliverytotheshippingline.ñßᖪᙠᔣ¢ôõᡲ¢÷ᨵᩗÍÎᖪ$஺

45Theinspectionshouldbecompletedwithinamonthafterthearrivalofthegoods.ᖪ$ÍÎÃᙠᑮù•äᨴᑁÈᡂ஺Howshouldwedefinetheinspectionrights?ᖪÍḄᩗJü᪵þ-/ᕖI'mworriedthattheremightbesomedisputesovertheresultsofinspection.ᡃᖪḄ஺We'llacceptthegoodsonlyiftheresultsfromthetwoinspectionsareidenticalwitheachother.᝞Ḅᡃᦈ஺WordsandPhrasesinspectioninspecttoinspectAforBAᔲᨵBinspectorᕒinspectoroftax"#$ᕒinspectionofcommodityᖪ%Wheredoyouwishtoreinspectthegoods?&'(ᙠ*+,ᖪ%Theimportershavetherighttoreinspectthegoodsaftertheirarrival.-.ᖪᙠᑮ0ᨵᩗ,ᖪ%஺What'sthetimelimitforthereinspection?,Ḅ2▲452᎛It'sverycomplicatedtohavethegoodsreinspectedandtested.7ᢇ9:,;ᩭ=>,ᩖ஺Whatiftheresultsfromtheinspectionandthereinspectiondonotcoincidewitheachother?᝞:,Ḅᨵ@ᐭBC5DᕖWordsandPhrasesreinspect,reinspection,Whoissuestheinspectioncertificateincasethequalitydonotconfirmtothecontract?᝞ᱥḄGHIᔠKLMᵫO@ᐹQRSᕖThecertificatewillbeissuedbyChinaImportandExportCommodityInspectionBureauorbyanyofitsbranches.__________QRSTᵫU-@.ᖪ%VᡈᐸᑖZ[᪀@ᐹ஺

46TheInspectionCertificatewillbesignedbythecommissionerofyourbureau.QRSTᵫᖪVV]^_஺Ourcertificatesaremadevalidbymeansoftheofficialsealandpersonalchopofthecommissioner.ᡃḄQRS`abc:V]^_dᨵᦔ஺Asarule,ourcertificateismadeoutinChineseandEnglish.fgQRSᵨᦻ:jᦻkᐹḄ஺Youmayhaveanothercertificateshowingthegoodstobefreefromradioactivecontamination.lm⌕@ᐹopQRS`QRᱥqᨵrstuvw஺OurgoodsmustbeuptoexportstandardsbeforetheInspectionBureaureleasesthem.ᡃḄᱥxᨵᙠMᔠ@.᪗z0ᖪV{|`s}஺OurInspectionBureauwillissueaVeterinaryInspectionCertificatetoshowthattheshipmentisinconformitywithexportstandards.ᖪVT@ᐹ~ᱥQRS`QRᱥMᔠ@.᪗z஺Isitconvenientforyoutoengageasurveyor?lὶbQᔩWehavethebestsurveyor,ChinaImportandExportCommodityInspectionBureau.ᡃᨵᨬḄbQ}ᓽU-@.ᖪ%V஺WordsandPhrasesInspectionCertificateQRInspectionCertificateofQualityGHQSInspectionCertificateofQuantityᦪHQSsurveyor}bQ}AdditionalWordsandPhrasesInspectionCertificateofWeightHQSInspectionCertificateofOriginᙢQSInspectionCertificateofValueQSInspectionCertificateofHealthᏉQSSanitaryInspectionCertificateQSVeterinaryInspectionCertificateQSinspectionofpackingᒹinspectionofloadinginspectionofmaterialᩞᧇinspectionofrisk◅ᱥḄinspectionofstorageinspectionofvoucherQinceptionofcarriageinspectionofdocumentᓫQinspectionoffixedasset

47inspectionofincomingmerchandise¡ᦈInspectionCertificateonDamagedcargo¢QSInspectionCertificateonTankQSCertificateofMeasurement&Weight¤⊝HQSAuthenticSurveyorbQ^¦inspectiononcleanliness§¨inspectiononcleanlinessofdrycargohold©‧§¨inspectiononcleanlinessoftank«‧§¨inspectionandacceptanceᦈinspectionbeforedelivery¬inspectionafterconstruction®¯0inspectionduringconstructionᙠ°¯±inspectionbetweenprocess¯²³inspectionreport´µinspectiontag᪗^InspectorateGeneralofCustoms¶ᐵ$¸Vinspectionandcertificatefee^t¹ºtoissue(acertificate)...(QR)SwornMeasurer¾¿⊝H¦UnderwritersLaboratory◅ᖪÀÁLoyd'sSurveyorjUÂÃbQ}GeneralSuperintendence&Co,Geneva(S.G.S)ÄÅÆᑁÈfᵨ^0É᜜ËgᵨÌÍ@.ÏÐexportcredit@.ÑÒexportsubsidyᖪ%Ó├dumping᜛ÖÍ×⚕├exchangedumpingÙÚᐵ"specialpreferences"ÛÜbondedwarehouseË᧕ÞßfavorablebalanceoftradeË᧕⌮ßunfavorablebalanceoftrade

48-.áâᑴimportquotasäᵫË᧕åfreetradezone᜜Ë᧕valueofforeigntradeU▭Ë᧕valueofinternationaltradeçèÙÚᑴgeneralizedsystemofpreferences-GSPᨬÚUé⍗most-favorednationtreatment-MFNT᜜Ëëì¬ᩩî¬deliveryïsteamshipðñᑏS.S
óஹshipmentõcharterthecharteredshep
¬2³timeofdelivery±õvoyagecharter;óö▲timeofshipmentöõtimecharterᡲó¦ð■ùᢣ@.ᖪûshipper,consignorᦈ¦consigneeüïregularshippinglinerýlighter

49‧þshippingspace«ïtanker´ᐵclearanceofgoods▮ᦈcargoreceipttotakedeliveryofgoodsᓫairwaybillᓫoriginalB\L⌱optionalport⌱optionalcharges⌱ᵫoptionalchargestobebornebytheBuyersᡈoptionalchargesforBuyers'accountᨴshipmentduringJanuaryᡈJanuaryshipment——ᨴshipmentnotlaterthanJan.31st.ᡈshipmentonorbeforeJan.31st.•/#ᨴshipmentduringJan./Feb.Jan./Feb.shipmentᙠ...&'ᑖ)ᢇshipmentduring....intwolotsᙠ...&'+ᙳᑖ)ᢇshipmentduring....intwoequallotsᑖ-.ᨴinthreemonthlyshipmentsᑖ-.ᨴ/0ᨴ+ᙳinthreeequalmonthlyshipments

501ᓽimmediateshipmentsᓽ3promptshipmentsᦈᑮ5ᵨ7830ᜩᑁshipmentswithin30daysafterreceiptofL/C;ᐕ=ᑖᢇpartialshipmentnotallowedpartialshipmentnotpermittedpartialshipmentnotunacceptable᜜?@ABC@ABCtradeterm(priceterm)freightᓫ@priceṹᜮwharfageFGtotalvalueᔂlandingchargesIJamountᐵLcustomsdutyM@netpriceᓺOLstampdutyPQ@priceincludingcommissionRLportduesSQreturncommission

51portofshipmentᢚᡷdiscount,allowanceᔂportofdischargeᢇV@wholesalepriceWḄportofdestinationYZ@retailprice[R=R7inportlicence\@Aspotprice]R=R7exportlicence3@Aforwardprice\^@A&@currentprice_▭ab@AworldInternational
Marketpricecd@ef@FOB-freeonboardᡂh@cdh@C&F-costandfreightᑮd@ᡂhஹj◅@CIF-cost,insuranceandfreightlmnopqrᑏt⊤mnoprᑏvᜧᑭy_z{mnv_{ANL|_F}~ᨵ▲mn|_F}APL|lᨵ▲mn|BNML

52Ḅ{mnḄBOL~mnOPᓭ|mnᓭ|CLANS.A.ᓭ|ᑭ_z{mnᑭ{CCNI_▭~ᨵ▲mn~CHINJIFᜩᜩCK_~mn~CMAᨵ▲mn8-HEUNG_ᨵ▲mnOOSCO□ᖪᨵ▲mn□ᖪCHOYANG?_▭~mn?_▭DELIMAS_ᑭ{mn_ᑭSENATOR_▭~mnlEIL¡₫ᨵ▲mn¡₫EVERGREEN£~mn£~FESOOIVlᨵ▲mnIVlGFNG¤¥lmn¤¥lHCSC¦[ᨵ▲mn¦[HANJIN✏{ᨵ▲mn✏HKMSH✏¨©lᨵ▲mn✏¨©HKMWª«ᱯlᨵ▲mnª«ᱯHAPPAG-LLOYD\ᖪᨵ▲mn\ᖪHYUNDAIe◖~ᨵ▲mn◖~HNTI©{ᨵ▲mnI©{JH¯°±²³´µ¯°±KLINE¶·²¸´µ¶·KMTC¹º~ᨵ▲mn¹º~SSCLe»{mn»{SYHe¼~mn¼~SZFSC

53½¾¿{ᨵ▲mn½¾¿{TMMeᜩᨵ▲mnᜩTMSC£{lᨵ▲mn£{lTOHOÀÁlᨵ▲mnÀÁTOSÂëὶᔠ_z~mnÂë~UASC1₫ᨵ▲mn1₫UNIGLORYÆᳫlᨵ▲mnÆᳫlUNIWDÈ{ᨵ▲mnÈ{WANHAIÉ{lᨵ▲mnÉ{lWH□¨ᨵ▲mn□¨YANGMINGʺ~lᨵ▲mnʺ~ZIMËÌmnËÌZOSCOὶÍlᨵ▲mnὶÍlLIFENᜧᑭmnᜧᑭLTÎᩭ¾y_▭{ᨵ▲mnÎᩭ¾y{MISCᖪ-Ðᨵ▲mnᖪ-ÐMOLᙢ{mnᙢ{MSCÎÒÓ▮ᨵ▲mnÎÒÓ▮MAERSKSEALANDÕÖ×Øᨵ▲mnÕÖ×ØMSKMÙÚlᳮᨵ▲mnÙÚNGPLÜ^Ý©lᨵ▲mnÜ^Ý©P&ONEDLLOYDÞhᚁḇ~ᨵ▲mnḇ~NOLᓅây{ᨵ▲mnᓅây{NORASIAÀmnÀNOSCOᓭº²³´µᓭºNSãᱯÂë_z{mnãᱯ{NSCSAᨵ▲mnNYK£᜜ä{ᨵ▲mn£᜜OOCL⃬æÃlᨵ▲mn⃬æÃSAMUDERA

54Ù+lᨵ▲mnÙ+lPILÁᖪ²³´µÁᖪPOBUçèéê~mnçèéêRICKMERS|ᖪ▮ὶ_ᨵ▲mn|ᖪ▮S/Lᓭë_z~ᨵ▲mnᓭë~SAF£᧜ᨵ▲mn£᧜SBLe_▭~ᨵ▲mn_▭~SF8Víᨵ▲mnVíCSD¡┶ᨵ▲mn¡┶mnSINKOea┶Ì{ᨵ▲mn┶ÌJINJIANG᜜ïFmn᜜SINOTRANSð᧽lᨵ▲mnð᧽lSSCᱥgoods||freight||cargotransportation||transit||conveyance〈totransport||tocarry||toconveyôtransportationbusiness||forwardingbusiness||carryingtradeᳮaforwardingagentõafreightagent||acarrierlᳮashippingagent▮etransportationbylandetransportationbyseaᱥgoodstraffic||freighttraffic||carriageoffreights||carriageofgoods

55~cargoboat||freighter||cargosteamer||cargocarrierö÷goods-train||freight-trainᓱ÷goods-van||goodswagon||freightcar||truckùmúgoods-office||freight-department᳛freight||freightrates||goodsratecarriagecharges||shippingexpenses||expresscharges÷cartage||portage⚜ýcarriageprepaid||carriagepaidᑮýcarriageforward||freightcollectþ◀11
carriagefree
conferencefreight||freightrate
ᓫfreightaccountᡲᓫway-bill||invoice〈᜿contractforcarriageshipment||loadingtoship||toload||totakeonaship
shippingcharges||shippingcommissionᓫ11ᓫshippinginvoiceᓫshippingdocuments

56ᜧᦈmate'sreceiptᓫshippingorderᓫdeliveryordershippingadviceᒹᦈparcelreceiptᓫshippingpermit᜿charterpartycharterer11!voyagecharter"timecharterᐕ$ᔂ&'laydays||layingdays()*workingdays+,ᜩᦪrunningdays||consecutivedays/"
demurrage/"*ᦪdemurragedays0⍧
despatchmoney2‧
deadfreight⌨ᐵshortshipment||goodsshortshipped||goodsshutout||shut-outs6789:;<ᡲᦈ=letterofindemnity||trustreceipt

57loadingᔂunloading||discharging||landing>?shippingweight||in-take-weightᔂ>?landingweight@‧ballasting@‧inballast‧ᓫmanifestABC9:ship'scertificateofregistryD*Cship'slogᕒFGmuster-roll(ᕒIJK)ᏉN9ObillofhealthᐝἠcleanbillRSᓫfoulbillᨵᶧVᓫsuspectedbillWXYZ[Y\⌕^᧕XY`(1)FCA(FreeCarrier)abফFAS(FreeAlongsideShip)dea(3)FOB(FreeonBoard)da

58ভCFR(CostandFreight)ᡂhi
(5)CIF(Cost,InsuranceandFreight)ᡂhஹ8◅
i
(6)CPT(CarriagePaidTo)
lmnḄᙢqCP(CarriageandInsurancePaidTo)
ஹ8◅
lmnḄᙢ(8)DAF(DeliveredAtFrontier)e᛻a(9)DES(DeliveredExShip)nḄda(10)DEQ(DeliveredExQuay)nḄdṹᜮa(11)DDU(DeliveredDutyUnpaid)uvwa(12)DDP(DeliveredDutyPaid)vwxa\⌕WXYZᑏ`পORC(OrigenFtecevieCharges)hᙢᦈ
ᵨ(|}ḕᦈ)(2)THC(TerminalHandlingCharges)ṹᜮ)
(✏dᦈ)(3)BAF(BunkerAdjustmentFactor)▬i
(4)CAF(CurrencyAdjustmentFactor)▬i
(5)YAS(YardSurcharges)ṹᜮ▬i
(6)EPS(EquipmentPositionSurcharges)ᜓ▬i
(7)DDC(DestinationDeliveryCharges)nḄda
(8)PSS(PeakSeasonSucharges)▬11
(9)PCS(PortCongestionSurcharge)dᢴ▬i

59(10)DOC(Documentcharges)ᦻ
(11)O/F(OceanFreight)D
(12)B/L(BillofLading)Dᓫ(13)MB/L(MasterBillofLading)}ᓫ(14)MTD(MultimodalTransportDocument)ὶᓫ(15)L7C(LetterofCredit)<ᵨ9(16)00(CertificateofOrigin)ᙢ9(17)SC(SalesConfirmation)├:(SalesContract)├ᔠ(18)80(ShippingOrder)ᢣ:(19)W/T(WeightTon)>?ᔴ(ᓽᱥᦈ
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