上海市华东师范大学附属东昌中学2021-2022学年高一下学期期中考试英语 Word版含解析

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华东师范大学附属东昌中学2021学年度高一第二学期期中考试英语试卷I.Listeningcomprehension(25分1-10每题1分,11-20每题1.5分)Directions:InSectionA,youwillheartenshortconversationsbetweentwospeakers.Attheendofeachconversation,aquestionwillbeaskedaboutwhatwassaid.Theconversationsandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaconversationandthequestionaboutit,readthefourpossibleanswersonyourpaper,anddecidewhichoneisthebestanswertothequestionyouhaveheard.1.A.Bybus.B.Bybicycle.C.Bycar.D.Bytaxi.2.A.Atapaintstore.B.Atanoilmarket.C.Atasciencemuseum.D.Atagallery.3.A.Sam’sgraduationday.B.Sam’sassignment.C.Sam'sexcellentperformance.D.Sam’sstudyhabits.4.A.Hecanhandletheworkwithease.BHehasabosswithamildtemper.C.Heisfullyengagedinhiswork.D.Hecan’tdescribehisdutyatwork.5.A.Hebehavedbravelyinanearthquake.B.Herescuedababyfromanearthquake.C.Hedonatedmoneytotheearthquake-hitarea.DHesavedawholefamilyonthecarriageinanearthquake.6.A.SheisupsetthatshemissedtheTVseries.B.Shedoesn'tliketalkingaboutTVseries.C.Shedoesn’tthinktheTVserieswasfunny.D.Sheisangrybecauseshefailedtoenterthebuilding.7.A.Hewantstotakethemostdirectway.B.Heisworriedaboutmissinghistrain.C.HemaybelateforJayChow'sconcert.D.Hehasbeencaughtinatrafficjamforalongtime.8.A.Thedormitoryhours.B.Theproblemwiththerules.C.Thedoornumberofthedormitory.D.Thetimetoopenthedormitory.9.A.Thechairsdidn’tneedtobepainted.B.Hedoesn'tlikethecolorofthechairs.C.Theparkcouldhaveavoidedtheproblem.D.Thewomanshouldhavebeenmorecareful.10.A.Tirednessisasymptomoflackingexercise.B.Thewomanshouldspendmoretimeoutdoors.C.Moresleepcangetthewomanbackontotherighttrack.D.Peopletendtoworklongerhourswithartificiallighting.

1SectionBDirections:InSectionB,youwillheartwoshortpassagesandonelongerconversation,andyouwillbeaskedseveralquestionsoneachoftheconversationandthepassages.Theconversationandthepassageswillbereadtwice,butthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Whenyouhearaquestion,readthefourpossibleanswersonyourpaperanddecidewhichonewouldbethebestanswertothequestionyouhaveheard.Questions11through13arebasedonthefollowingpassage.11.A.Becauseshewantstocontributemoretosociety.B.Becauseshewouldliketohelpwiththefamily’sfinances.C.Becauseshewasofferedajobrecentlybyherneighbor.D.Becauseshewasexpectedtobemoresociallyactive.12.A.Doinghousework.B.Lookingafterherneighbor'skids.C.ReadingpapersandwatchingTV.D.Takinggoodcareofherhusband.13.A.Supportive.B.Generous.C.Inconsiderate.D.Sensible.Questions14through16arebasedonthefollowingpassage.14.A.Thelocalgovernment.B.Bicyclemanufacturers.C.Studentsandworkers.D.Somepioneeringcompanies.15.A.Missingaflightbecauseofatrafficjam.B.Havingdifficultygettingsomewherethesubwaydoesn'treach.C.Havingtroublechangingfromabustoasubwaytrain.D.Havingtowalkfor20minutestogethomefromthenearestsubwaystation.16.A.Becausesomepeopledamagedthebikesonpurpose.B.Becausebike-sharingbusinessesweretoocomplicatedtorun.C.Becauseoperatorsofsharedbikeslackedofflinebusinessexperience.D.Becausetherewerenolawsandregulationsforbike-sharing.Questions17through20arebasedonthefollowingpassage.17.A.Shoppingonthehighstreet.B.Buyingthingsatalowprice.C.Buyingthingsandreturningthemlater.D.Examiningthingsinshopsandbuyingthemonline.18.A.Becausehewantstoknowmoreaboutpricing.B.Becausehecanreturnthepurchaseslater.C.Becausehewouldliketoseetherealthingfirst.D.Becausehecanbargainforarock-bottomprice.19.A.Itwillgivewaytoonlineshopping.B.Itwillbecomemoreattractivetoconsumers.C.Itwillhavetoadjustitselftothenewshoppingtrend.D.Itwillbenefitalotfromtheriseofonlineshopping.20.A.Some24%ofpeopleshowroomedwhiledoingChristmasshoppingthisyear.

2B.Amajorityofconsumersaroundtheworldhaveshowroomed.C.Offeringdiscountsorfreegiftsistheonlywayofflineshopscancompetewithonlinestores.D.Byscanningthebarcodes,smartphonescanbeusedtocompareprices.II.GrammarandvocabularySectionAGrammar（20分每题1分）Multiplechoice:1.Withthepopulation________atanalarmingrate,expertsareamazedthattherearesomanypeopleontheplanet,and________thattherewillbetenbillionofusbeforetheendofthiscentury.A.isincreasing,predictB.increasing,predictingC.increasing,predictD.tobeincreasing,predicted【1题答案】【答案】C【解析】【详解】考查现在分词和一般现在时。句意：随着人口以惊人的速度增长，专家们对地球上的人口如此之多感到惊讶，并预测到本世纪末地球人口将达到100亿。在“with+宾语+宾补”结构中，increase和population构成主动关系，应用现在分词形式。动词predict和谓语are之间有连词and，所以应用谓语形式。根据“expertsareamazed”可知，此处应用一般现在时。故选C。2.Inthepast,travellersfromEuropetoIndonesia_________monthsatsea,butnowwejusthavetositonaplaneforafewhours,soinsomewaystheplanetseemsto_________.A.havespent,getsmallerB.wouldhavespent,begettingsmallC.hadspent,getsmallerD.spent,begettingsmaller【2题答案】【答案】D【解析】【详解】考查一般过去时、非谓语动词和比较级。句意：过去，从欧洲到印度尼西亚的旅行者要花几个月在海上，但现在我们只需要在飞机上坐几个小时，所以在某些方面，地球似乎变得越来越小。“Inthepast”常与过去时态连用，故排除答案A、C；“wouldhavedone”是虚拟语气的用法，意思是“本来会做而没做”，而该句中没有对过去事情进行假设的表达，故不使用虚拟语气；根据“butnowwejusthavetositonaplaneforafewhours”可知，此处指现在与过去相比，地球似乎越来越小了。“seemtobedoing”表示似乎正在进行。表示“越来越小”应用形容词的比较级。故选D。3.Infact,peoplefromdifferentcontinentspreferto________thediversityofproducts________byvariouscompanies.

3A.enjoying,madeB.enjoying,makingC.enjoy,makingD.enjoy,made【3题答案】【答案】D【解析】【分析】【详解】考查固定短语和非谓语动词。句意：事实上，来自不同大陆的人们更喜欢享受不同公司生产的产品的多样性。第一空为短语prefertodosth.，表示“更喜欢做某事”；第二空make在句中应用非谓语动词形式，与逻辑主语thediversityofproducts构成被动关系，故应用过去分词作定语。故选D。4.InMyanmar,thepopulationnowhasbecome_________thatin1971.A.asbigtwiceasB.astwicebigasC.twiceasbigasD.asbigastwice【4题答案】【答案】C【解析】【详解】考查倍数表达法。句意：缅甸的人口现在已变成1971年的两倍。根据句意及句子结构可知，此处考查倍数表达法，结构是：倍数+as+形容词原级+as，故选C。5.“________survivethetigerattack.”thelittleboythoughttohimself.A.IamnotpossibletoB.ItislikelythatIwillnotC.ItislikelytonotD.Ipossiblydon’t【5题答案】【答案】B【解析】【详解】考查likely的用法和it做形式主语。句意：小男孩心想：“我很可能在老虎的袭击中活不下来”。likely的用法为“Itislikelythat...”和“sbbelikelytodosth”。possible一般不用表示人的词作主语，但若真的要用表示人的词作主语，possible后接不定式，构成“Itispossible（forsb）todosth”。副词是用来修饰动词的,一般放在情态动词、be动词和助动词之后,实义动词之前。综合以上分析。故选B项。6.________byArunwithanumberofcustomers,theideaofdevelopingsolar-powerbatteriesforpeopleinIndiawouldworkdefinitely.A.BeingtestedB.HavingbeentestedC.HavingtestedD.Tobetested【6题答案】

4【答案】B【解析】【分析】【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：经过阿伦和一些客户的测试，为印度人开发太阳能电池的想法肯定会成功。分析句子结构可知，“_______byArunwithanumberofcustomers”作状语，应用非谓语，结合句意，“test(测试)”在谓语动作“wouldwork”之前发生，所以应用完成式形式；该词“test”和主语“theideaofdevelopingsolar-powerbatteriesforpeopleinIndia”为被动关系，所以应用被动形式。综上，应用现在分词完成时被动形式作状语，故填Havingbeentested，故选B。7.Theoldman,who_________intherope,sawthefishingspear_______intotheshark’shead.A.waswrapping,throwingB.waswrapped,thrownC.wrapped,beingthrownD.wrapping,throwing【7题答案】【答案】B【解析】【详解】考查动词时态语态和非谓语。句意：被绳子缠住的老人看到鱼叉被扎进鲨鱼的脑袋里。第一空为非限制性定语从句修饰先行词Theoldman，先行词在从句中作主语，与逻辑主语构成被动关系；根据后文saw可知，用一般过去时的被动语态；第二空为“see+宾语+宾补结构”，thefishingspear与throw成被动关系，所以用过去分词作宾补。故选B。8.Theconfirmedcaseinthisbuildingissaid_________tothehospitalalready,butresidentstherestillneedtostayindoorstoavoidbeinginfected.A.tobesentB.tohavebeensentC.havingbeensentD.sent【8题答案】【答案】B【解析】【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：据悉，该大楼的确诊患者已被送往医院，但当地居民仍需待在室内，以避免感染。此处为短语besaidtodosth.，且send与Theconfirmedcase构成被动关系，根据后文already可知用tohavebeendone形式。故选B。9.Whenthequestionsonmymind________,Idon’tdoubt________I’vedoneagoodjob.A.getsanswered,thatB.getanswering,whetherC.getanswered,thatD.getsanswering,whether【9题答案】

5【答案】C【解析】【详解】考查“getdone”结构、主谓一致和宾语从句连接词。句意：当我脑子里的问题得到回答时，我肯定我做得很好。分析句子可知，when引导的从句为一般现在时，主语为thequestions，与answer为被动关系，故用“get+过去分词”表示被动，谓语动词用复数。第二个空要填宾语从句的连接词，don’tdoubt后的连接词用that，故选C项。10.Youcan'timagine________whentheyreceivedtheseniceChristmaspresents.A.howtheywereexcitedB.howexcitedtheywereChowexcitedweretheyD.theywerehowexcited【10题答案】【答案】B【解析】【详解】考查宾语从句。句意：你想象不出当他们收到这些好的圣诞礼物的时候他们是多么的高兴。imagine后接宾语从句。这里how引导的是感叹句作宾语，how+形容词+主语+谓语，excited是形容词，是被感叹的词，故选B。Directions:Afterreadingthepassagebelow,fillintheblankstomakethepassagecoherentandgrammaticallycorrect.Fortheblankswithagivenword.Fillineachblankwiththeproperformofthegivenword;fortheotherblanks,useonewordthatbestfitToday,gettinginformationisaseasyasbrowsingawebpage,____11____(type)inaquestionandyouwillgetalonglistoflinkswithinasecond.Thesewebsitespromisetoansweryourquestions.Butactually,theymaynotbeallthattrustworthy.Whatdoyoudo?____12____(figure)outwhichsiteisbelievabletakeswork.Fact-checkisnotimpossible,though.Infact,it’swhatgoodjournalistsdoeveryday.Youcanlearnfromthemethodsreportersusetodeterminethetruthofwhattheyget.____13____(check)anewclaim,areportercontactsexpertsonthetopic.Injournalism,suchexpertsareknownas“sources.”Asourcemaybeascientistwhohasdiscovered____14____newinalab.Oritcouldbeawitnesstoacrime.Themorestrangeorcontroversial(有争议的)aclaimis,themoresourcesareportermayneedtocontact.JustbecauseIreadsomethingdoesn’tmeanIbelieveit.Youshouldaskquestionsanddouble-checkeveryfactoid(令人信以为真的报导)asthereportersdo.Reporterswhodon’thavemuchtimeormotivationmayjustquotethefirstscientisttheyencounterwho

6____15____(involve)inastudytheyarereportingon.Theymaybelieveallthisscientistsays.Ifthereporterdoesn’tgetanoutsidecomment,thereaderwillnotknowtowhatextenttheyshouldbeabletotrusttheoriginalsource.Keepthatinmind____16____youreadnewsreports.Also,some“news”storiesarewrittenbyorganizationsthatare____17____(interested)inpromotingacertainviewpointthantheyareinaccuratelyreportingonagiveneventorsituation.Also,thereisachancethattheentiresitemaybebiased(有偏见的),fromtheownersdowntothejournaliststhemselves,____18____cancausethemtowillfullymisleadtheirreaders.Youmightsearchforthewriteronlineandfigureoutwhopaysthem.What’smore,wasthepersonwhohadwrittenthestoryorwhohadinterviewedagivensourcenamed?Wasthiswriterajournalistorjustsomeonewhohadheardaboutsomenewclaims?Didtheydescribewhatmadethesources____19____(qualify)tobeexpertsinsupportoftheirstory?Youshouldbesceptical(怀疑的)ofeverything_____20_____youread,evenhere.That’sactinglikeajournalist.【11~20题答案】【答案】11.type12.Figuring13.Tocheck14.something15.isinvolved16.when##as17.moreinterested18.which19.qualified20.that【解析】【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了在网上获取信息需要慎重选择，读到的东西不一定可信，因此人们应该像记者那样问问题，仔细核实每一个事实。【11题详解】考查祈使句。句意：今天，获取信息就像浏览网页一样容易，输入一个问题，你会在一秒钟内得到一个长长的链接列表。此处为“祈使句+and/or+简单句”结构，应填动词原形。故填type。【12题详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：弄清楚哪个网站是可信的需要费一番功夫。此处作句子的主语，figure应用动名词形式。句首单词首字母要大写。故填Figuring。

7【13题详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：为了核实新的说法，记者联系了这方面的专家。分析句子结构可知check在句中应用非谓语动词形式，此处作目的状语，应用不定式。故填Tocheck。【14题详解】考查代词。句意：来源可能是一位科学家，他在实验室里发现了某些新东西。作宾语，表示“某物”应用不定代词something，somethingnew“某些新东西”。故填something。【15题详解】考查固定短语。句意：没有太多时间或动机的记者可能只是引用他们遇到的第一个参与他们所报道的研究的科学家。表示“参与”短语为beinvolvedin，陈述客观事实，从句为一般现在时，与先行词scientist保持一致，用单数。故填isinvolved。【16题详解】考查状语从句。句意：当你阅读新闻报道时，请记住这一点。引导时间状语从句，表示“当……时候”应用when/as。故填when/as。【17题详解】考查比较级。句意：此外，一些“新闻”故事是由更感兴趣的推广某种观点，而不是准确报道某一事件或情况的组织所写。根据后文“thantheyareinaccuratelyreportingonagiveneventorsituation”可知应用比较级形式，interested的比较级是在前面加more。故填moreinterested。【18题详解】考查定语从句。句意：此外，也有可能整个网站都有偏见，从网站所有者到记者自己，这可能导致他们故意误导读者。此处为非限制性定语从句修饰上文整个句子，从句中缺少主语，故用关系代词which引导。故填which。【19题详解】考查形容词。句意：他们是否描述了是什么让这些消息来源有资格成为支持他们故事的专家？此处为make+宾语+宾补结构，表示“有资格的”应用形容词qualified。故填qualified。【20题详解】考查定语从句。句意：你应该对你读到的一切持怀疑态度，即使是在这里。此处为定语从句修饰先行词everything，在从句中作宾语，只能用关系代词that引导。故填that。SectionBVocabulary（10分每题1分）Directions:Completethefollowingpassageswiththewordsinthebox.Eachwordcanonlybeusedonceandcanbecapitalized.Thereisoneextrawordwhichyoudon’tneed.

8A.life-longB.luxuryC.justiceD.transformedE.renamedF.typicallyG.formingH.professionI.persistenceJ.seeminglyK.emergingAlmosteverykidhas,atonetimeoranother,eatenaHersheychocolatebar.Butdoyouknowthefounderofthechocolateempire,MiltonHershey,hadtastedlotsoffailurebeforeheeverenjoyedtheflavorofsuccess?MiltonS.Hershey’sstorybeganinsoutheasternPennsylvaniaandyoucan’tdoit___21___withoutnotingtheimpactbusinessfailurehadonit.Atfirst,Miltonhadafront-rowseattohisfatherHenry’s____22____endlessentrepreneurialmisfires(创业失败).HenryHershey’s____23____neverpaidoffforhimself,butitdidforhisson.In1872atage14,MiltontookajobinPennsylvania.Butshortlyafterward,hemovedfromtheicecreamsectionintothecandysideofthebusiness,andthenbecamea____24____candymaker.InPhiladelphiaMiltonstartedhisfirstcompany,SpringGardenConfectionaryWorks.Hecameupwithasoft,chewycaramel(焦糖)thatprovedtobeabighit.ButMiltonincreasinglyfoundithardtodealwith____25____competition.Intheyearheturned24,hiscompanywentbelly-up(破产),andhisbusinessesinDenverandNewYorkallendedupinbankruptcy(破产).Iffailureisthebestteacher,youngMiltonHersheycouldarguethathehadearnedadoctorate(博士学位).Somepeopleinthesamesituationmighthavegivenup,changedtheir____26____,orsimplyfoundajobworkingforsomebodyelse.NotMiltonHershey.Hewasdeterminedtobethesuccesshisfatherwasn’t,andintheonebusinesshelovedmorethananyother.HewentbacktoLancasterandpreparedtogiveitonemoretryby____27____anewenterprise—theLancasterCaramelCompany.Thistime,Miltongotitright.Hebecamearespectedbusinessman.ThoughMiltonboughttheentireexhibitattheColumbianExposition(哥伦比亚博览会)heldinChicagoin1893that____28____cocoabeansintocandybarsandmadehismoney,hedecidedthatthefuturewasinchocolate.ThelittletownofDerryChurch,whereheopenedhisfirstchocolatefactoryin1894,was____29____andhasbeenknownasHersheyeversince.Miltondiedattheageof86,belovedbychocolateloversaroundtheworld.HewastochocolatewhatHenryFordwastoautomobilesandSteveJobswastocomputers.Herevolutionized(彻底改变)a_____30_____forthefewintoatreatforthemasses.【21~30题答案】

9【答案】21.C22.J23.I24.K25.A26.H27.G28.D29.E30.B【解析】【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了好时巧克力的创始人MiltonHershey在创办巧克力工厂时，经历过多次创业失败，坚持不懈，最后成功建立了自己的巧克力品牌。【21题详解】考查名词及短语。句意：MiltonS.Hershey的故事始于宾夕法尼亚州东南部，如果不注意到商业失败对它的影响，你就无法充分地了解。根据句意及句子结构可知，此处考查短语do…justice，表示“充分了解，公正对待”，故选C。【22题详解】考查副词。句意：起初，Milton就很了解他的父亲Henry似乎无止境创业失误。根据句意及句子结构可知，此处应填副词，作状语，表示“似乎”，用seemingly，故选J。【23题详解】考查名词。句意：HenryHershey的坚持从未为自己带来回报，但却让他的儿子得到了回报。根据句意及句子结构可知，此处应填名词，作主语，表示“坚持不懈”用persistence，故选I。【24题详解】考查现在分词。句意：但不久之后，他从冰淇淋部门转到了糖果生意上，然后成为一名新兴的糖果制造商。根据句子结构可知，此处应填非谓语动词。根据句意，此处表示“新兴的”。故填emerging，作定语，故选K。【25题详解】考查形容词。句意：但Milton发现它越来越难以应对终生的竞争。根据句意及句子结构可知，此处应用形容词life-long，作定语，修饰名词competition，表示“终生的”，故选A。【26题详解】考查名词。句意：一些处于同样情况的人可能已经放弃了，改变了他们的职业，或者只是找到了一份为别人工作的工作。根据句意及句子结构可知，此处表示“职业”，故填名词profession，作宾语，故选H。【27题详解】考查动名词。句意：他回到兰开斯特，准备再试一次，成立一家新公司——兰开斯特焦糖公司。根据句意及句子结构可知，此处应表示“成立，建立”。空前by是介词，后接动名词作宾语，故填forming，故选

10G。【28题详解】考查时态。句意：虽然Milton在1893年在芝加哥举行的哥伦比亚博览会上买下了所有展览品，这些展品将可可豆变成了糖果棒并赚了钱，但他认为未来在巧克力里。根据句子结构可知，此句是定语从句，that指代先行词theentireexhibit，在从句中作主语，所有设空处填谓语动词。根据in1893可知，时态用一般过去时，动词应变过去式。根据句意，此处表示“转变，改变”，用transformed，故选D。【29题详解】考查过去分词。句意：他于1894年，在DerryChurch的小镇开设了他的第一家巧克力工厂，后来被重新命名，从那时起就被称为Hershey。根据句意及句子结构可知，此处表示“重命名”。根据句子结构，ThelittletownofDerryChurch与rename是动宾关系，故用被动语态，结构是be+过去分词。空前有was，设空处故填过去分词renamed，故选E。【30题详解】考查名词。句意：他将少数人的奢侈品，彻底变成了大众的享受。根据句意及句子结构可知，此处表示少数人的“奢侈品”，故填名词luxury，故选B。III.ReadingcomprehensionSectionA(15分每题1分)Directions:ForeachblankinthefollowingpassagetherearefourwordsorphrasesmarkedA,B,CandD.Fillineachblankwiththewordorphrasethatbestfitsthecontext.Placebos（安慰剂）ProvePowerfulManydoctorsknowthestoryof“Mr.Wright”.In1957hewasdiagnosedwithcancer,andgivenonlydaystolive.Hehadtumours（肿瘤）thesizeoforanges.Heheardthatscientistshaddiscoveredanewmedication,Krebiozen,thatwas___31___againstcancer,andhebeggedthedoctortogiveittohim.Hisphysician,DrPhillipWest,finallyagreed.AfterMr.WrighthadbeengivenaninjectiononaFridayafternoon,the___32___doctorfoundhispatientoutofhis“deathbed”,jokingwiththenursesthefollowingMonday.“Thetumours”,thedoctorwrotelater,“had___33___likesnowballsonahotstove.”Twomonthslater,Wrightreadmedicalreportsthatthemedicationwasfake.Hisconditionimmediatelygotworseagain.“Don’t___34___whatyoureadinpapers,”thedoctortoldWright.Thenheinjectedhimwithwhathesaidwas“anewsuper-refineddoublestrength”versionofthedrug.___35___,therewasnodrug,justamixofsaltandwater,butagainitworked.WrightwasthepictureofhealthforanothertwomonthsuntilhereadanofficialreportsayingthatKrebiozenwas___36___.Hediedtwodayslater.Thisstoryhasbeen___37___bydoctorsforalongtime,dismissedasoneofthosestrangetalesthatmedicinecannotexplain.Theideathatapatient’s___38___canmakeafataldiseasegoawayhasbeenthoughtof

11astoostrange.Butnowscientistsarediscoveringthattheplaceboeffectismorepowerfulthananyonehadeverthought.Theyarealsobeginningtodiscoverhowsuchmiraculousresultsare___39___.Throughnewtechniquesofbrainimagery,itcanbeshownthatathought,abelieforadesirecancausechemicalprocessesinthebrainwhichcanhavepowerfuleffectsonthe____40____.Scientistsarelearningthatsomebodyreactionsarenotcausedbyinformationcomingintothebrainfromtheoutsideworld,butbywhatthebrain____41____tohappennext.Placebosare“liesthat____42____,”saidDrAnneHarrington,ahistorianofscienceatHarvardUniversity.“ThewordplaceboisLatinfor“Ishallplease”(orIshallmakeyouhappy)anditistypicallyatreatmentthatadoctorgivesto____43____patientstopleasethem,”shesaid.“Itlookslikemedication,buthasnohealingingredientswhatsoever.”Nowadays,doctorshavemuchmorepowerfulmedicinestofightdisease.Butthesetreatmentshavenotdiminished（减弱）thepoweroftheplacebo,quitethe____44____.Maybewhenscientistsfullyunderstandhowplaceboswork,thepowerfulhealingeffectsofthehuman____45____willbeusedmoresystematically!31.A.vagueB.uniqueC.effectiveD.impossible32.A.astonishedB.disappointedC.exhaustedD.experienced33.A.expandedB.meltedC.accumulatedD.moved34.A.takedownB.lookforC.makeoutD.careabout35.A.ActuallyB.MoreoverC.MeanwhileD.Consequently36.A.beneficialB.popularC.worthlessD.available37.A.studiedB.ignoredC.inventedD.spread38.A.strugglesB.promisesC.rightsD.beliefs39.A.achievedB.neglectedC.emphasizedD.mixed40.A.brainB.doctorC.bodyD.process41.A.advisesB.expectsC.instructsD.forbids42.A.healB.hurtC.existD.fade43.A.optimisticB.carefulC.peculiarD.anxious44.A.pointB.oppositeC.timeD.adventure45.A.relationB.strengthC.beingD.mind【31~45题答案】【答案】31.C32.A33.B34.D35.A36.C37.B38.D39.A40.C41.B42.A43.D44.B45.D

12【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文。通过Wright先生的故事，说明了安慰剂虽没有治疗成分，但有强大作用。这主要是和大脑会预期发生什么事有关。【31题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：他听说科学家们发现了一种新的药物——克氏菌素(Krebiozen)，可以有效地治疗癌症，于是他请求医生给他服用。A.vague模糊的；B.unique独特的；C.effective有效的；D.impossible不可能的。根据后文中，他听说此药物无效后病情恶化，可知，此处是听说药物对病情有效，所以才请求服用的。故选C。【32题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：医生惊讶地发现他的病人已经从“死亡之床”上爬了起来。A.astonished吃惊的；B.disappointed失望的；C.exhausted筋疲力尽的；D.experienced熟练的。Wright先生从“死亡之床”上爬起来，可知医生应该是非常的惊讶。故选A。【33题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：像滚烫的火炉上的雪球一样融化了。A.expanded扩大；B.melted融化；C.accumulated积累；D.moved移动。根据常识可知，雪球在火炉上会融化。故选B。【34题详解】考查动词短语。句意：不要在意你在报告上读到什么。A.takedown记下；B.lookfor寻找；C.makeout理解；D.careabout在意。Wright先生在医学报告上看见其实那个药物没有效果，病情恶化，此处医生应该是说不要在意报告上的话。故选D。【35题详解】考查副词。句意：事实上，没有药物，只有盐和水的混合物，但它又起作用了。A.Actually事实上；B.Moreover而且；C.Meanwhile同时；D.Consequently因此。医生说那是一种新的超精炼的双倍强度的药物，但“实际上”它并没有药效。故选A。【36题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：Wright的健康状况又持续了两个月，直到他读到一份官方报告，说Krebiozen毫无价值。A.beneficial有益的；B.popular流行的；C.worthless无价值的；D.available可获得的。Wright看到报告后两天就去世了，可知他看到的应该是不好的消息，则Krebiozen是毫无价值的。故选C。【37题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：这个故事长期以来一直被医生们忽视，被认为是医学无法解释的奇闻异事之一。A.studied研究；B.ignored忽视；C.invented发明；D.spread

13伸展。这个现象无法解释，而且很奇怪；直到后来科学家发现安慰剂作用真的很强大，也开始去探究它们为什么有那么大的功效。可知，这个无法解释的问题以前一直被忽视，后来科学家才探究它。故选B。【38题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：认为病人的信念可以使绝症消失的想法一直被认为太奇怪了。A.struggles斗争；B.promises约定；C.rights权利；D.beliefs信念。安慰剂没有治疗作用，病人们的好转只能是因为他们的信念，故选D。【39题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：他们也开始去发现这些神奇的结果是如何被实现的。A.achieved完成，实现；B.neglected忽视；C.emphasized强调；D.mixed混合。根据后文可知，此处说的是科学家们去探究安慰剂是如何实现有治疗作用的，即那些结果是怎样被实现的。故选A。【40题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：通过大脑成像的新技术，可以证明，一个想法、一个信念或一个愿望可以引起大脑中的化学过程，对身体有强大的影响。A.brain头脑；B.doctor医生；C.body身体；D.process过程。根据上文可知，人的信念、想法对身体状况有很大影响，故此处说的是这些想法引起大脑中的化学过程，对身体有着很大影响。故选C。【41题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：而是由大脑预期接下来会发生什么引起的。A.advises建议；B.expects预料；C.instructs命令；D.forbids禁止。空前说的是一些身体反应不是由外界信息进入大脑引起的，而根据空后的happennext，故此处是说大脑对接下来会发生什么进行预期。故选B。【42题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：安慰剂是“可以治愈的谎言”。A.heal治愈；B.hurt使疼痛；C.exist生存；D.fade逐渐消失。安慰剂虽没有治疗作用，但却可以让病人们好转，所以安慰剂是有治愈作用却是谎言一般的存在。故选A。【43题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：它通常是医生为了让焦虑的病人高兴而给他们的一种治疗。A.optimistic乐观的；B.careful仔细的；C.peculiar罕见的；D.anxious焦虑的。根据前面提到，安慰剂这个词在拉丁语里的意思是“我会让你高兴”，可知它应该是为了让“焦虑的”病人高兴起来。故选D。【44题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：但这些治疗并没有削弱安慰剂的作用，恰恰相反。A.point要点；B.opposite对立面；C.time时间；D.adventure冒险。quitetheopposite恰恰相反。治疗没有削弱安慰剂的作用，反而更有助于病情好转，此处指情况正好相反。故选B。【45题详解】

14考查名词词义辨析。句意：人类大脑强大的治愈作用将会被更系统地使用!A.relation关系；B.strength力量；C.being存在；D.mind大脑。根据上文可知，安慰剂本身没有治疗作用，身体好转是人类大脑的原因，故此处说的是人类“大脑”强大的治愈作用。故选D。SectionB（20分每题2分）Directions:Readthefollowingthreepassages.Eachpassageisfollowedbyseveralquestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.Choosetheonethatfitsbestaccordingtotheinformationgiveninthepassageyouhavejustread.(A)OneAugustafternoon,RichardAllendroppedoffhislastpassenger,Mrs.Carey.Liftingtwogrocerybags,hefollowedheracrosstheyardandstoodonthestepofherhouse.Glancingup,hesawalargewasp(黄蜂)nestundertheroof.Allenhadheardthatwaspscanbecomemorelikelytostinginsummer.HementionedthistoMrs.Carey,whohadopenedthedoor.“Oh,theydon’tbotherme,”shesaidlightly.“Igoinandoutallthetime.”Anxiously,Allenlookedatthenestagain—toseethewaspsflyingstraightathim.“Hurry!”heshoutedtoMrs.Carey.“Getin!”Shesteppedquicklyinside.Allenranforhismini-bus.Toolate;theywereuponhim.Justashejumpedaboard,halfadozenredspotsshowedonhisarm,andhefeltmoreonhisbackandshoulders.Ashewasdrivingdowntheroad,Allenfeltasifsomethingwasburningatthebackofhisneck,andthe“fire”wasspreadingforwardtowardhisface.Andimmediateanxietytookholdofhim.Allenknewthatstingscouldcausesomepersonstodie.Buthehadbeenstungtheprevioussummerandtheafter-effectssoonpassed.However,whathedidn’tknowwasthatthefirststinghadturnedhisbodyintoatimebombwaitingforthenexttosetoffanexplosion.Milesfromthenearestmedicalassistance,Allenbegantofeelhistonguethickandheavyandhisheartbeatlouder.Mostfrightening,hefelthisbreathingmoreandmoredifficult.Hereachedfortheradiomike(话筒),tryingtocallthemini-buscenter,buthiswordswerehardlyunderstandable.Signalswerealsopoorthatfarout.Heknewarescueteamwason24-hourdutyattheAmherstFireDepartment’snorthstation.Sohisbestchancewastomakearunforit.Rushingdownthemountain,Allentriednottopanic,focusinghismindoneachsharpturn.Hewasalmostthroughthelastofthemwhenhefeltsurehewasgoingintoshock(休克).Justthenhereachedfortheradiomikeagain.“Callfirestation,”heshouted,concentratingtoformthewords.“Emergency.Beesting.Emergency.There

15intenminutes.”“Five-ten,”thecenterreplied.Holdon,Allenthought.Keepyoureyesopen.Breathe.Keepawake.Atlast,hereachedthestation.Twofiremenranout.Allenfelttheirhandsgrasphimbeforehehittheground.“Youmadeit”,hethought.46.Itismentionedinthepassagethatwaspsaremorelikelytoattackwhen_______.A.thehottestseasoncomesaroundB.strangersareapproachingC.theairisfilledwithfoodsmellD.therearehugenoises47.Allenfailedathisfirstattempttosendhismessagetothemini-buscenterbecause_______.A.hewasinastateofshockB.hisradioequipmentwaspoorC.hewasunabletospeakclearlyD.noonewasonduty48.Whichwouldbethebesttitleforthepassage?A.Allen,AHelplessDriverB.ARaceAgainstDeathC.Wasps,BloodyKillersD.WarAgainstWasps【46~48题答案】【答案】46.A47.C48.B【解析】【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。主要讲述了作者被黄蜂蜇后的自救的故事。【46题详解】细节理解题。根据第一段中“Allenhadheardthatwaspscanbecomemorelikelytostinginsummer.(艾伦听说黄蜂在夏天更容易蜇人。)”可知黄蜂在夏天，天气最热的时候更容易蜇人。故选A。【47题详解】细节理解题。根据第六段的第二句“Hereachedfortheradiomike(话筒),tryingtocallthemini-buscenter,buthiswordswerehardlyunderstandable.(他伸手去拿无线电麦克风，试图呼叫小巴中心，但他的话几乎听不懂。)”可知艾伦第一次试图向小巴中心发送信息时失败了，因为他说的话听不懂，说话不清。C。48题详解】主旨大意题。根据文章的内容可知本文是以作者被黄蜂蛰伤后求救及与死亡作斗争的过程为主线。结合选项可知选项B.ARaceAgainstDeath(与死亡的赛跑)概括文章内容较为全面。故选B。(B)

16TVVOICEPROAIR$299USDHearingSpecialistsDevelopNewUltra-Lightweight(超轻的)TVListeningEarbuds(耳塞):AtjustHalfanOunce,theyWeigh90%LessthanTraditionalTVHeadphones!HAVINGTROUBLEHEARINGTHETVCLEARLY?GetreadytoclarifyTVdialoguelikeneverbefore,withournewUltra-LightweightWirelessTVListeningTechnology.BigandheavyTVheadphonesarenowathingofthepast,thankstoHearingSpecialistswhohavedevelopednewultra-lightweightwirelessTVearbuds,whichenablethewearertohearthespeechanddialogueonanyTVshowwithclarity.Theuniquespeechclarificationaudioworksforthosewithanylevelofhearingloss,andhasbeenproventooutperformeventhemostadvanceddigitalhearingaidsforTVclarity.TVVOICEPROAUTOMATICALLYCLARIFIESTELEVISIONDIALOGUEsRevolutionaryTVspeechenhancementtechnologymadesimplesSpeechenhancementtechniquebaseduponclinicalhearingassessmentsofover1,000peoplewithvaryinglevelsofhearinglossandprovenTVlisteningdifficultysConnectstoanyTVinunder2minutesFEATURESWITHTHETVVOICEPROAIRSYSTEM²ListenatyourownvolumewithoutalteringtheTVaudioforothersintheroom²Usesstate-of-the-artBluetoothtechnologyforuninterruptedlisteningupto35feetfromyourTV.²Simplevolumecontrollocatedontheearphones,withadditionalloudvolumerangetosuitthosewithevenseverehearingloss.²Sitback,liedown,ormovearound.Socomfortabletouse,youcanwatchTVanywayyoulike.²IsguaranteedtoworkwithanyTV,neworold.

17Asaspecialoffer,ReadersDigestreaderscanuseGiftVoucher(礼券)CodeREADERSDIGESTattheTVVoiceProwebsitecheckoutfor$50OFFthepurchaseprice,andfreeshippingavailableuntilDecember31,2020.Visitwww.TvVoicePro.comtoorderonlineoroverthephoneon415277-2026.30DAYMONEYBACKGUARANTEE49.TVVOICEPROAIRisaimedat_____.A.TVdesignersB.peoplewithhearingdifficultyC.hearingspecialistsD.wearersofdigitalhearingaids50.Accordingtotheadvertisement,TVVOICEPROAIRenablesthewearerto_____.A.enjoyTVevenover35feetfromhis/herhouseB.improvehis/herhearingabilityindailylifeC.listentoTVclearlyatwhatevervolumeD.watchmoreTVprograms51.WhatcanbelearnedaboutTVVOICEPROAIRfromtheadvertisement?A.Youcangetarefundwithin30daysifdissatisfiedwithit.B.Youneedtopay$50foritsshippingifyoubuyitin2021.C.YoucangetadiscountaslongasyouuseGiftVoucherCode.D.Youneedtoplaceaspecialorderforitifyouhaveseverehearingloss.【49~51题答案】【答案】49.B50.C51.A【解析】【分析】这是一篇应用文。文章介绍了一款名为TVVOICEPROAIR的耳机，可以帮助有听力障碍的人听清电视节目中的讲话和对话。介绍了其产品特色和功能等情况。【49题详解】推理判断题。根据文中“Speechenhancementtechniquebaseduponclinicalhearingassessmentsofover1,000peoplewithvaryinglevelsofhearinglossandprovenTVlisteningdifficulty(根据对超过1000名不同程度的听力损失者进行临床听力评估，并证明了电视听力的困难性，采用了语音增强技术)”以及“Simplevolumecontrollocatedontheearphones,withadditionalloudvolumerangetosuitthosewithevenseverehearingloss.(耳机里有简单的音量控制，以及额外大声的音量范围，以适应那些甚至听力严重受损的人)”可推知，TVVOICEPROAIR针对的是有听力障碍的人。故选B。【50题详解】

18细节理解题。根据“BigandheavyTVheadphonesarenowathingofthepast,thankstoHearingSpecialistswhohavedevelopednewultra-lightweightwirelessTVearbuds,whichenablethewearertohearthespeechanddialogueonanyTVshowwithclarity.Theuniquespeechclarificationaudioworksforthosewithanylevelofhearingloss,andhasbeenproventooutperformeventhemostadvanceddigitalhearingaidsforTVclarity.(现在又大又重的电视耳机已经成为过去，这要归功于听力专家们研发出了一种新型的超轻无线电视耳机，它能让佩戴者在任何电视节目中听到清晰的讲话和对话。独特的语音清晰度音频适用于任何程度的听力损失者，并已被证明甚至优于最先进的数字助听器的电视清晰度)”可知，广告中说，TVVOICEPROAIR能让佩戴者在任何音量下都能清晰地收听电视。故选C。【51题详解】细节理解题。根据文章最后一句“30DAYMONEYBACKGUARANTEE(30天退款保证)”可知，如果不满意TVVOICEPROAIR产品，30天内可以退款。故选A。(C)WewenttotheT.B.BlackstoneLibrary,notfarfromLakeMichigan.Youcouldeasilymissthebuildingifyoudidn’tknowwhatyouwerelookingfor.Butonceyouwereinside,youcouldnevermistakeitforanythingelse.Wepassedthroughtwosetsofheavybrassdoorstothelobbyofthelibrary.Andifweturnedrightthen,wecouldseeanalcovewithtables;thisled,inturn,toabigreadingroomwithagiganticandancientglobethatsatinfrontofthelargestwindows.IlikedtolookatAfrica,withthecodedcoloursofthedifferentcountriesliketheBelgianCongoandRhodesia,andtrytorememberwhichcountrieswerefightingtobefreejustaswewerestrugglingforcivilrights.IhadheardDaddytalkingaboutthestruggle,arguingwiththetelevisionassomeonediscusseditonanewsshow.OneSaturday,asIwanderedthroughtheyoungadultsection,Isawatitle:LittleWomen,byLouisaMayAlcott.Icouldtellfromlookingattheshelfthatshe'dwrittenalotofbooks,butIdidn'tknowanythingabouther.Ihadlearnedfromexperiencethattitlesweren'teverything.Abookthatsoundedgreatontheshelfcouldbedullonceyougotithome,andeverybadbookIbroughthomemeantonelessbooktoreaduntilwewentbackintwoweeks.SoIsatinachairneartheshelvestoskimthefirstparagraphs:"Christmaswon'tbeChristmaswithoutanypresents,"grumbledJo,lyingontherug."It’ssodreadfultobepoor!"sighedMeg,lookingdownatherolddress."Idon'tthinkit’sfairforsomegirlstohaveplentyofprettythings,andothergirlsnothingatall,"addedlittleAmy,withaninjuredsniff."We’vegotFatherandMotherandeachother,"saidBethcontentedlyfromhercorner.ItwasagoodthingI’dalreadydecidedonsomeotherbookstotakehome,becauseIdidn’tlookthroughthe

19restofthesectionthatday.IreadandreadandreadLittleWomenuntilitwastimetowalkhome,and,exceptforafewessentialinterruptionslikesleepingandeating,Iwouldnotputitdownuntiltheend.EventhefreedomtowatchweekendtelevisionheldnoappealformeinthewakeofAlcott’sstory.Itwasaboutgirls,foronething,girlswhocouldalmostbelikeme,especiallyJo.Itseemedtomeashamethatshewasn'tBlack;thenoursimilaritywouldbecomplete.Shelovedtoread,shelovedtomakeupplays,shehatedactingladylike,andshehadadreadfultemper.Ihadfoundakindredspirit.52.Whatcanbelearnedabouttheauthor’sfatheraccordingtoParagraphOne?A.Hewasuncomfortablediscussingpoliticswithhischildren.B.HehadstrongfeelingsabouttheCivilRightsmovement.C.HedidnotapproveofmostnewscoveredonTV.D.Hegenerallyhadapessimisticworldview.53.ItcanbeinferredfromParagraphTwothattheauthorismostlikelytoagree_________.A.booksseemdullerwhenreadinlibrariesthanwhenreadathomeB.interestingbooksareoftenverydullintheirfirstfewparagraphsC.novelsareusuallymoreinterestingthannonfictionworksD.booktitlescansometimesbemisleading54.TheauthorquotessomelinesfromLittleWomaninanattemptto_________.A.conveytheimpactofanunexpecteddiscoveryB.describeayoungreader’ssenseofhistoryC.illustratethecharactersinthebookD.explainachild’smisunderstanding55.TheauthorlistsseveralthingsaboutJoprimarilyto_________.A.challengeaninterpretationB.highlightsomedifferencesC.stressacomparisonD.developadisapprovingopinion【52~55题答案】【答案】52.B53.D54.A55.C【解析】【分析】这是一篇记叙文。文中主要记叙了作者无意中阅读了LouisaMayAlcott的《小妇人》一书，这本书让作者着迷，除了睡觉和吃饭等一些必要的干扰外，一直读到最后才罢休。【52题详解】推理判断题。根据第一段中“IlikedtolookatAfrica,withthecodedcoloursofthedifferentcountriesliketheBelgianCongoandRhodesia,andtrytorememberwhichcountrieswerefightingtobefreejustaswewerestrugglingforcivilrights.IhadheardDaddytalkingaboutthestruggle,arguingwiththetelevisionassomeone

20discusseditonanewsshow.(我喜欢看非洲，不同国家用不同的颜色标记，比如比属刚果和罗得西亚，并试着记住哪些国家在为自由而战，就像我们在为民权而战一样。我曾听爸爸谈论过这场斗争，就像新闻节目中有人讨论和争论的一样)”可推知，作者父亲对民权运动有强烈的感情。故选B。【53题详解】推理判断题。根据第二段中“Ihadlearnedfromexperiencethattitlesweren'teverything.Abookthatsoundedgreatontheshelfcouldbedullonceyougotithome,andeverybadbookIbroughthomemeantonelessbooktoreaduntilwewentbackintwoweeks.(我的经验告诉我，书名并不代表一切。一本在书架上听起来很棒的书，一旦你把它带回家，可能就会变得乏味，而我带回家的每一本坏书，都意味着在我们两周后回去之前，可以读的书少了一本)”可推知，作者很可能同意书名有时会误导人。故选D。【54题详解】推理判断题。根据第二段中“OneSaturday,asIwanderedthroughtheyoungadultsection,Isawatitle:LittleWomen,byLouisaMayAlcott.Icouldtellfromlookingattheshelfthatshe'dwrittenalotofbooks,butIdidn'tknowanythingabouther.(一个星期六，我在青年区闲逛，看到了一个标题：LouisaMayAlcott的《小妇人》。我看了看书架就知道她写了很多书，但我对她一无所知)”以及最后一段中“IreadandreadandreadLittleWomenuntilitwastimetowalkhome,and,exceptforafewessentialinterruptionslikesleepingandeating,Iwouldnotputitdownuntiltheend.EventhefreedomtowatchweekendtelevisionheldnoappealformeinthewakeofAlcott’sstory.(我读啊，读啊，读《小妇人》，一直读到该回家的时候。除了睡觉和吃饭等一些必要的干扰外，我一直读到最后才罢休。在奥尔科特的故事之后，甚至周末看电视的自由对我也没有吸引力)”可推知，作者在文中引用了《小妇人》中的几句话，是在试图传达一项意外发现的影响。故选A。【55题详解】推理判断题。根据最后一段中“Itwasaboutgirls,foronething,girlswhocouldalmostbelikeme,especiallyJo.Itseemedtomeashamethatshewasn'tBlack;thenoursimilaritywouldbecomplete.Shelovedtoread,shelovedtomakeupplays,shehatedactingladylike,andshehadadreadfultemper.Ihadfoundakindredspirit.(首先，它是关于女孩的，那些几乎可以像我一样的女孩，尤其是Jo。在我看来，她不是黑人是一种耻辱；这样我们就完全相似了。她喜欢读书，喜欢编剧本，讨厌表现得像个贵妇人，她的脾气糟透了。我找到了一个志趣相投的人)”可推知，作者列出了一些关于Jo的事情，主要是为了强调作者与Jo的比较。故选C。SectionC（8分每题2分）Directions:Completethefollowingpassagebyusingthesentencesgivenbelow.Eachsentencecanbeusedonlyonce.Notethattherearetwomoresentencesthanyouneed.CanItrainmyselftoneedlesssleep?Asanexperimentforhishigh-schoolsciencefairin1964,a17-year-oldSanDiegoboynamedRandy

21Gardnerstayedawakefor264hours.Thatis11days.TheprojectattractedtheattentionoftheStanfordsleepresearchersWilliamDement.Dementandotherresearcherstookturnswatchingandassessingtheyoungman'sconsciousness.____56____Nordidheseemtosufferanypermanentsetbacks.Dementsaidthatonday10,Gardnerevenbeathimatpinball.IaskedDavidDinges,thechiefofthedivisionofsleepattheUniversityofPennsylvania,howmanypeoplecoulddoanythingclosetothatwithoutdying.Herepliedthat"whenanimalsaresleep-deprivedconstantly,theywillsufferseriousbiologicalconsequences.Deathisoneofthoseconsequences”.Thatsaid,caseslikeGardner's---ofpeoplewhosufferedgreatsleepdeprivationwithoutmajorsetbacks--arewelldocumented.____57____Dingessaidthat"weprobablydohavepeopleamongus—andnotnecessarily1percent;theremaybemanymorethanthat—whocanactuallytoleratesleeplossbetterthanothers."Thispropositionhasbeenborneoutinstudiesofparticipantsintransoceanicsailingraces,whichdidnotaffordthemtheluxuryoflongblocksofsleep.____58____Theconceptofsleepinginshortburstshasspreadsincethoseracesbegan,inthe1960s.Today,asmallglobalcommunityofpeoplepractices"polyphasicsleeping”，basedontheideathatbydividingyoursleepintoshortbursts,youcangetawaywithlessofit.____59____Andhenotesthatevenforthe1percent(orso)whocansurviveonlesssleepandfunctionwellcognitively,westilldon'tknowhowthepracticemightbeaffectingmetabolism,mood,andmanyotherfactors.“Youmaybecheerful,butnotcognitivelyfit.Oryoumaybecognitivelyfit,buthardtobearoundbecauseyou’repushyorhyperactive.A.Thewinnerstendedtobethepeoplewhoslepttheleast,ofteninmultipleshortbursts.B.Thecrucialfindingwasthatthroughouttheirtimeinthestudy,thesixersthoughttheywerefunctioningperfectlywell.C.Asmallnumberofpeople,sometimescalled"shortsleepers”andcommonlythoughttomakeupperhaps1percentofthepopulation,seemtosurviveononlyfourorfivehoursanight.D.Butwhenthedoctorputpatientsinalabtomakecertaintheystayedawake,performancesuffered.E.Thoughitispossibletotrainoneselftosleepinshortburstsinsteadofasinglenightlyblock,Dingessaysitdoesnotseempossibletotrainoneselftoneedlesssleepper24-hourcycle.F.Byallaccounts,hetooknostimulantmedications.【56~59题答案】【答案】56.F57.C58.A59.E【解析】

22【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章对一些人只需要很少睡眠但可以保持良好的认知功能的现象进行了介绍，并对人们是否能训练自己需要较少睡眠介绍了了专家的观点。【56题详解】根据后文“Nordidheseemtosufferanypermanentsetbacks.”(他似乎也没有遭受任何永久的挫折。)可知，此处是指研究人员发现他没有经历过什么刺激和挫折，根据nor可知，空格处也是讲他没有经历过什么，所以选项F“大家都说，他没有服用兴奋剂。”切合文意。故选F。【57题详解】根据前文“Thatsaid,caseslikeGardner's---ofpeoplewhosufferedgreatsleepdeprivationwithoutmajorsetbacks--arewelldocumented.”(也就是说，像加德纳这样的案例——遭受了严重的睡眠不足，却没有遭遇重大挫折的人们——有很好的记载。)可知，此处是讲睡眠时间非常少的人，根据后文“weprobablydohavepeopleamongus—andnotnecessarily1percent”(我们中间可能确实有人——不一定达到1%)可知，空格处讲睡眠时间非常少的人可能占小于1%的比例。所以选项C“一小部分人，有时被称为‘短睡眠者’，通常被认为约占人口的1%，似乎每晚只睡四五个小时。”切合文意。故选C。【58题详解】根据前文“theremaybemanymorethanthat—whocanactuallytoleratesleeplossbetterthanothers”(可能有更多的人比其他人更能忍受睡眠不足)和“Thispropositionhasbeenborneoutinstudiesofparticipantsintransoceanicsailingraces,whichdidnotaffordthemtheluxuryoflongblocksofsleep.”(这一观点在对远洋航海比赛参与者的研究中得到了证实，这个比赛中他们不能享受长时间睡眠的奢侈。)可知，在这种比赛中需要睡眠越少的人越有优势，所以选项A“赢家往往是那些睡眠最少的人，而且往往是多次短暂睡眠。”切合文意。故选A。【59题详解】根据后文“Andhenotesthatevenforthe1percent(orso)whocansurviveonlesssleepandfunctionwellcognitively,westilldon'tknowhowthepracticemightbeaffectingmetabolism,mood,andmanyotherfactors.”(他还指出，即使是1%左右的人，他们可以在较少的睡眠和良好的认知功能下生存，我们仍然不知道这种做法可能如何影响新陈代谢、情绪和许多其他因素。)可知，空格处应出现一个人名，并表明对较少睡眠的观点，根据前文“Today,asmallglobalcommunityofpeoplepractices“polyphasicsleeping”，basedontheideathatbydividingyoursleepintoshortbursts,youcangetawaywithlessofit.”(今天，一个全球小社区的人在实践“多相睡眠”，基于这样的想法，通过将你的睡眠分为短时间的爆发，你可以获得更少的睡眠。)可知，空格处应是对短时间睡眠的训练的观点，所以选项E“丁格斯说，尽管训练自己在短时间内入睡而不是在夜间的一个时间段内入睡是可能的，但似乎不可能训练自己在每24小时周期内需要更少的睡眠。”切合文意。故选E。

23IV.Verbfilling（8分每题1分）60.Thetopic_______(discuss)tomorrowisrelatedtothecurrentsituation,sotheyarenowcollectinginformationtosupporttheirargument.(所给词的适当形式填空)【60题答案】【答案】tobediscussed【解析】【详解】考查不定式的被动语态。句意：明天将要被讨论的主题与最近的情况有关，所以他们现在正收集支持他们论据的信息。根据句子结构可知，此处应填非谓语动词。主语Thetopic与discuss是动宾关系，故用被动语态。根据tomorrow可知，设空处故用不定式表示将来，所以用不定式的被动语态，结构是tobe+过去分词。故填tobediscussed。61.JudgingfromEinstein’slifestory,wecanformaconclusionthatalatedevelopermaynotmean______(be)afailureinthefuture.(所给词的适当形式填空)【61题答案】【答案】being【解析】【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：从爱因斯坦的人生经历可以得出这样的结论：开发晚了的人在未来并不意味着失败。设空处在句中作非谓语，固定短语meandoingsth意味着做某事。故填being。62.Itisthefirsttimethattheyoungman_______(cook)forhisparentsandenjoyedabetterparent-childrelationship.(所给词的适当形式填空)【62题答案】【答案】hascooked【解析】【详解】考查时态。句意：这是他第一次为父母做饭，享受了更好的亲子关系。此处考查“it is+the first/second time that ...”句式，表示“某人第几次做某事”。其中，that引导的是定语从句，后面句子的时态用现在完成时。故填hascooked。63.________(notgive)enoughguidanceandadvice,thenewcomerfailedtocompletethemissionassignedbythemanager.(所给词的适当形式填空)【63题答案】【答案】Notgiven【解析】

24【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：由于没有得到足够的指导和建议，新来的人没能完成经理分配的任务。分析句子结构可知，已有谓语动词failed，空处需填非谓语动词作状语，主语“thenewcomer”与“give”之间是逻辑上的被动关系，结合提示可知，用过去分词的否定形式，此处作原因状语，首字母大写。故填Notgiven。64.Hewastryingtouseallthestrengthhehad________(drive)thefishingspearintotheshark’sheadwithhiswet,bloodyhands.(所给词的适当形式填空)【64题答案】【答案】todrive【解析】【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：他正在努力使用全部力量，用他湿淋淋的、血淋淋的手把鱼叉刺进鲨鱼的头部。分析句子结构，空处作非谓语动词，且结合语境，他使用全部力量的目的是将鱼叉刺进鲨鱼的头部，空处应用不定式形式作目的状语。故填todrive。65.TakingpartintheactivitiesofannualCareerDaysometimes_________(prove)agoldenopportunityforstudentstomakesmartcareerchoices.(所给词的适当形式填空)【65题答案】【答案】proves【解析】【详解】考查时态。句意：参加每年职业日活动有时证明是学生做出明智职业选择的黄金机会。陈述客观事实用一般现在时，主语为动名词短语，谓语用第三人称单数形式。故填proves。66.Whenhecameto,hefoundhimselfsittingonachairwithhishands_________(tie)back.(所给词的适当形式填空)【66题答案】【答案】tied【解析】【详解】考查过去分词。句意：当他醒来时，他发现自己坐在一把椅子上，双手被绑在后面。此处是“with+宾语+宾语补足语”结构，动词tie和宾语hishands之间是逻辑动宾关系，应用过去分词作宾语补足语。故填tied。67.Despite_________(misunderstand)bytheresidentsinthisneighbourhood,thevolunteersarestilldevotedtothefightagainstthepandemic.(所给词的适当形式填空)【67题答案】【答案】beingmisunderstood【解析】

25【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：尽管被这个社区的居民误解了，但志愿者们仍然致力于抗击大流行病。介词Despite后接动名词作宾语，逻辑主语thevolunteers与misunderstand是动宾关系，需填动名词的被动式。故填beingmisunderstood。V.Translation(14分3+3+4+4)68.走向全球意味着我们仍要意识到世界上有许多不同之处。(Go)(汉译英）【68题答案】【答案】Goingglobalmeansthatwestillneedtorealizetherearemanydifferencesintheworld.【解析】分析】【详解】考查动名词作主语和宾语从句。“意识到”可译为realize，“有不同之处”可译为therearemanydifferences，所以，“我们仍要意识到世界上有许多不同之处”部分可译为westillneedtorealizetherearemanydifferencesintheworld；“走向全球”可译为goglobal，分析句子成分可知，其作主语，应用动名词形式，“意味着”可译为mean，在句中作谓语，应用第三人称单数，后跟宾语从句“我们仍要意识到世界上有许多不同之处（westillneedtorealizetherearemanydifferencesintheworld）”，用that连接，所以该句可译为Goingglobalmeansthatwestillneedtorealizetherearemanydifferencesintheworld.69.年迈的渔夫坚定地认为一个人可以被毁灭，但不能被打败。（defeat）(汉译英)【69题答案】【答案】Theoldfishermanfirmlybelievedthatamancouldbedestroyed,butnotdefeated.【解析】【详解】考查句子结构，宾语从句，含有情态动词的被动句和时态。根据所给出的汉语句子分析可知，“年迈的渔夫”为主语，用名词短语“theoldfisherman”表示；“认为”为谓语动词，用动词“believe”表示，结合语境用一般过去时，即，“believed”；“坚定地”为其状语，用副词“firmly”表示，置于谓语动词之前；“一个人可以被毁灭，但不能被打败”为宾语从句，用含有情态动词的句式表达，即“主语+情态动词+be+done…”，其中“可以”用情态动词“can”表示，结合主句谓语“believed”为过去时，从句应是过去时，即，“could”，“毁灭”用动词“destroy”表示，其过去分词为“destroyed”，“打败”用动词“defeat”表示，其过去分词为“defeated”，与之前“destroyed”之间为并列转折关系，用“but”连接前后，因此宾语从句翻译为“thatamancouldbedestroyed,butnotdefeated”。故翻译为：Theoldfishermanfirmlybelievedthatamancouldbedestroyed,butnotdefeated.70.好的记者应该关注客观地报道真相而不仅是煽情。(appeal)(汉译英）【70题答案】【答案】Goodjournalists/Agoodjournalist/newsreportershouldfocuson/concentrateonreportingtruth/true

26stories/factsobjectively/inanobjectivewayinsteadofjustappealingto(readers’)emotions.【解析】【分析】【详解】考查固定短语和情态动词后接动词原形。“好的记者”可译为goodjournalists/agoodjournalist/agoodnewsreporter，“关注”可译为focuson/concentrateon，在情态动词“should(应该)”之后用动词原形，其后常跟名词或动名词形式作宾语，“报道真相”可译为reporttruth/truestories/facts，置于介词on之后，应用动名词形式，“客观地”可译为objectively/inanobjectiveway，“而不是”可译为insteadof…，其后常跟名词或动名词形式作宾语，“煽情”即“迎合/吸引（读者的）情感”可译为appealto(readers’)emotions，在介词短语insteadof之后，应用动名词形式，综上，该句可译为Goodjournalists/Agoodjournalist/newsreportershouldfocuson/concentrateonreportingtruth/truestories/factsobjectively/inanobjectivewayinsteadofjustappealingto(readers’)emotions.71.这些名人的经历充分证明，尽管他们开局不顺，但好奇心和勤奋才最重要的。(count)(汉译英）【71题答案】【答案】Theexperiencesofthesefamouspeoplefullyprovethatalthoughtheyhadafalsestart,curiosityandhardworkcountedmost.【解析】【分析】【详解】考查宾语从句、状语从句和时态。结合句意表示“这些名人的经历”可翻译为theexperiencesofthesefamouspeople；表示“充分证明”短语为fullyprove，此处应用一般现在时，后跟that引导的宾语从句；从句中表示“尽管”应用although引导让步状语从句，主语为they，表示“开局不顺”可用短语haveafalsestart，此处用一般过去时；表示“好奇心和勤奋”应用短语curiosityandhardwork，作主语；表示“最重要”短语为countmost，此处用一般过去时。故翻译为Theexperiencesofthesefamouspeoplefullyprovethatalthoughtheyhadafalsestart,curiosityandhardworkcountedmost.