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ḕᜮ2022-2023᥎ὃᓄ⚪ ᵨᑮH-lC-120-16Ba-137ஹᓫ⚗⌱⚪(ᐳᨵ10⚪⚪4ᑖᐳ40ᑖ)1.ᐵᓄ ᔠ▭Ḅ#A.$%ᓄ &ᵨ(✀Ḅ*+,$%ᑖᡂ/0124Ḅ5B.6⏚8 ᑭᵨ:;ᣚᘤ⚜:?@ᱥ BCDὑFᦔ᳛C.IJ8 &ᵨKLᑴJ+Nᔣ⛳QRSTUVWᐭCO2QNH3,FYᧇḄᑭᵨ᳛D.ᔠᡂ[8 &ᵨ\ᩩ^ _ᜧᔠᡂ[?@Ḅa⊝cᦪ _ᜧYᧇeᓄ᳛2.fᑡhi*jklmḄ#A.NChᙠᜧopᡂ⏚qr4NO+O+2HO=4H++4NOj222B.stᑴFe(OH%uvrFe"+3OH=Fe(OH)3(uv)C.NaAK)2yzWᐭ{|CO”2A1O}+CO+3HO=2A1(OH)+CO}-223D.{|Fey~⏚rFe+4H++NO}=Fe3++NOT+2HO23.NAcᦪḄ fᑡ ┯Ḅ#A.lL0.1molL(NH4)2SO4yzNH}hiḄᦪ0.2NAB.Zn6⏚?@ 22.4Lov(᪗)N eḄᵯiᦪ2NAC.16.9g{ᓄ(BaCh)v▢ஹ□hiᦪ0.2NAD.42.0gQᔠov¡ᨵḄ£Yiᦪ3NA4.fᑡsḄ¤@Ḅ*ᫀ¦ஹ§¨Q©ª«lmḄ#s*ᫀ¦§¨Q©ª¬®¯ᙠo¶·|v´¼½ovᡂ ᑣv´µNazOrA°±ᡠ³v´µ ¸ᐭ2¹¼ᨵovᡂ ᑣv´µNazChµḄᡂᑖ3mLº»T¿ÀAgClQAglḄᔣÃvÄ⛳Q³ᑮÆÇn(AgCl)>n(AgI),ᑣBKspÁ¤ᜧÂAgClyzQ⛳QKsp(AgCl)>Ksp(AgI)
1AglyzᑖË̸Ã|ḄAgNChyzᔣKBrஹKIᔠyzUV¸yzᑖá fáᕈãä¿ÀCQBnஹ12cᐭ·|ÚTQCC14,Ý₩ ☟⁐ æçᓄឋrḄᓄឋàCh>Br2>l2ᵨpH¦ðpHr¿ÀH2c03pHজுঝ æçH2cCh⏚DজNaHCChyzCH3coOHḄ⏚ឋឋõCH3co0HঝCH3coONayzA.AB.B5.ᐝùu#ᐝùúᑴ⌼üᱏþ/ÿ Ḅ⌕ᩞᧇ,ᡂᑡḄA.Imol ᩭ⏚ !"ᓄ$%&'(ᨬ*+ὑ2molNaOHC.3ᐝ56ᔠᡂ89:;<=>?@⁚:D.DEᱏGḄHIJᱥᨵ4N6.PᕜRᐗTXஹYஹZஹWZ[\ᦪ^_`ᜧbcdeNᐗTᨬfg"ᓄᱥh(iᓄᱥᙳZ>X>Y
2C.eNᐗTḄᓫ[:YḄᨬD.eNᐗTḄᨬfg"ᓄᱥh(iᓄᱥ:ZḄ⏚ឋᨬ7.ᑭᵨᐝ<ᑖiḄxᡠzdᙠᵯᵨdឋinH+{OFT,?ᐸᔣ¢8ᑡḄᐝ᯿A.ᐝᵯ¤<ᵯ<¥ᓄnᐝ¶[(H+)Ḅᱥ¶⏚d¹>¶[Ḅ<»¼d⏚ឋ¼½¾NH¿+NH=NH¿+NH,NH+CHCOOH=NH¿+CHCOO,ᑡ⏚ឋÀÁ\Ḅ232424323A.NH>NH>NH¿B.N?H¿>CH3coOH>NH224CNH>NH>CHCOOD.CHCOOH>NH¿>NH43243329.HcmᔣÂᘤ:ᐭA®¯'(জA-B,ঝATC,ঞB=C'(ÇÈ:AஹBஹCḄlmÉÊËtḄÌᓄÍÎxᡠzᑡ┯ÐḄ(T/I0日)令A.'(জḄÑᓄ<ᜧ}'(ঝB.3cmd'(ঞḄÓ⊝bᦪᜧ}1CÕÊdBḄ+ὑÖ᳛ᜧ}¯ᡂÖ᳛D.t2Êdc(C)=co-c(B)lO.ؾbcdÙ⏚ḄᵯÓ⊝bᦪK,i=4.4
3X10-7,Ka2=4.7xl0"»bc,ᔣlOOmLO.lmolL“K2c03%&:Ú᠒ÜlOOmLO.2moiL-1Ý⏚,%&:ᔜ[Ḅᱥ¶ḄßÉᐭÝ⏚Ḅᱥ¶ḄßḄÌᓄxᡠz H+{0H-à>áᑡḄᐭ ⏚Ḅᱥ!ḄIR/minolA.ÜâAãÊdn(Cl')=n(CO1)>n(HCO)3c HCO¿B.ÜâBãÊd-----ᓃ=9.4x103c H2co3C.ÜâCãÊdc Cl-?ᵨcmol-L-1LCnCh᪗A>BC-Fe?+DEFGὑVmLC-IJCnO5Kᓄ Cr3+,ClLM
434H5O7m|g᪵9ᑭᵨQRS:)S0C12TU+) m?gᑣᝯX2ᑡZ[\]^n,)._`Ḅ$(᪗b)A.᪵9J'()FeOᩖ+B.᪵9SSOChᜫeLᐙᑖC.34IJ6h᪵9ij?D.C-DEF%C-klᘂᑁᨵnoᡂ(3)ᵨQRஹ᪷rTiO2+CC14=TiC14+CO2ᑴᜓTiC14,uvTiCLSCCLᑖwx᪀z{SCCL|>}᧕e?⌱ᔠ〉ᘤTiChஹCCL,ᔠᱥ/0(ᜳᢝᮞ⌕'ᨵZnO,ᨵ()ḄFe(II)ஹPbஹCuஹAsᐗᑴ7ឋᓄḄ¡¢£2¤⚪:§ᓄ╋©ªe§ᓄ«KMnOH2so4ᑺa¯K᮱◀ᩖ2◀ᩖ3±ᮞ(pH=4³4.5滤.渣Iµ⏀in·,uv5জឋº⌕ᔾPb(OH)ClFeAsO4ឋºNHHCO43ឋᓄ▬ᨵ½+;ঝ25࠷/CFe(OH)=4,OxlO-38XঞªUÂÃJᐗ£Zn(NH3)4ÅÆÇᙠ;sp3টÊᑖËÌÍwÎ ÏЩÑᐰÏÐḄpH5ËÌÍwFe3+Fe2+Cu2+Mn2+
5Î ÏÐpH1.97.04.58.1ÑᐰÏÐpH3.29.06.410.11MPbOHMClJPbḄᓄᔠä o2Mæ7çè 50࠷, lh,-ᔜᐗḄæë᳛S§ᓄ╆>BîèḄᐵÂðᑣ§ᓄñᨬ〉óḄîè mol-L'o■00%80ஹ梅06田熨40203Mᐭ〉)KMnCM>BḄþḄ$◀ÿ ᐗḄ01234567NH4cl/molL” NH4cl!ᮞ#$᳛Ḅ&'ᨵ)*Ḅ═ᐗ,ᶇ.ᑏ$◀ 12Ḅ345678,:;<=>?Fe3+,ᶇᨬᜧEmol,L_,<,4 HI“◀ᩖ3”LᑭᵨOᣚQRST◀ᩖ.UVWXIII”ḄZ⌕ᡂᑖE^ᓄ`7 5 “bc”QRḄ34567E13.ef`gᙠe▭j✌lmnoCO2ᑮstḄᔠᡂ.vwxᱥᐝᔠ{ᵨ.|ᧇ~◤CO2ஹ$ᵯ,ᐵᡂ⊤ᙠf`j<ᑡ⚪81 CO2Ḅ᪀E.ᐸC|4Ḅᩖᓄ57E2 NiCO 4:;<ᕈ.ᐸᑖ4᪀E☢>ᐸ᧕CCLஹ¡ᨵ¢ᑺḄ|¤8HO.O,(3)stᙠ§¨ᩩª<«¬ᡂℍ⃔¯(CH—CH—CH-CH-I-I-H)'ℍ⃔¯ᑖ4°±I:III³''OHOHOHOHHZH.CIOINC1C2O2(^ᡈ"=")4 জCH3NH3 PbbḄᨔ¼᪀¾ᡠÀ:
6ᐸBÁ⊤Pb2+ᑣÁ⊤³.|4ᑖᦪᙶ᪗AE(0,0,0),BE(^,1),ᑣCḄ|4ᑖᦪᙶ᪗E»ঝHI(CH3NH3)PbbḄ᥅ÊËÌEMg moH,NAEÍÎÏÐÑ:ᦪḄÒ.ᑣÓᨔ>ḄÔEg,cm_3014.Õ>ᑁ×⏚(HUr)ÙÌÚÛ.ᐵ⁚ÝÞß×⏚àᨔ>(NaUr)áâã.NaUr(s)Na+(aq)+Ur(aq)ä”>().æç⚪èéᑴ”ëìᐵ⁚Ý''STẆî.<ᑡ⚪8HI:জ37࠷.Ka(HUr)=4xlO-6,Kw=2.4xl0*,^(NaUr)=6.4xlO-5spঝ37࠷.ëìᐵ⁚ÝpH=7.4,c(U1)=4.6xlCT4mol•Lð(1)×⏚ᵯ3567E(2)ñEòḄ¬:ᦪ.37࠷.Kh(U))=(3)37࠷.ᔣHUrÏᐭNaOHéᑴ“ëìᐵ⁚Ý”.c(Na+)c(Ur)(^“>”ஹᡈ“=”)(4)37࠷.ᔣëìᐵ⁚ÝÏᐭNaCKs)õc(Na+)=0.2mol•Lð.(^“ᨵ''ᡈ"ö")NaUrᨔ>᪆$(5)EøîMg(OH)2ᙠ⏚Ḅឋ.ᑭᵨú<ᐵᦪûüý$QR8Mg(OH)(s)+2CHCOOH(aq)23þ^Mg2+(aq)+2CH3coeT(aq)+2H2Oপᙠ25࠷Ḅ⊝ᦪK,Mg(OH)ᔲ⏚2(⌕ᨵᑡ ᐭᦪ !Ḅ"#$᪷&!'( ᑨ+,25C-K=l.()xl()-14,wKa(CH3C00H)=1.8X1()T$^s(Mg(OH)2]=1.8xlO-"-1.83=5.8)Po15.⏚0ᵬ2(33©J456⁵9:;<$=4ᵨ@ABᔠᡂ$EFᡂGHIJḄK⌕ᡂ(HIJ)+,-জCH2=CH-OHIMN$OPQᓄSCH3cHOTঝᙠCat.b/THF:$᱃W2XPFYᓄ2Z[ᣚ]^-RCOOR+ROH_>RCOOR'+ROHbcd@ᑡe⚪-
7(1)D:ḄijklmnT]^জḄ]^opS0(2)EWF]^Fᡂ⏚0ᵬ2uHIJḄᓄvw#(3)GḄz{ᑖ}~⏚0ᵬ2ᜧ14,S⏚0ᵬ2ḄEᱥ$ᨵEᑖ᪀$E@ᑡᩩḄEᑖ᪀ᐳᨵ$ᑏᐸ:᪶ᐳᨵ5$⇾☢¡S1-6-2-2-1Eᑖ᪀Ḅ'᪀£জiᨵ0¤ঝ0¤¥ᨵ¦§< Zঞ©PFª]^$«PF¬]^o(4)᪷¥¯°±$²&ᵫ´⏚´2u4ᵬZ0µS¶ᧇ$ᑴᜓ(ºஹo3'ḄᔠᡂAB(½¾¿ᑺÁ⌱)
8ÃÄḕÆᜮÈÉÊ:v2022-2023vË̦¥vÍ᥎Ïὃ¿ᓄv¿⚪ ᵨᑮH-lC-120-16Ba-137ஹᓫ⚗⌱⚪(ᐳᨵ10⚪⚪4ᑖᐳ40ᑖ)I.ᐵᓄÒFÓḄÔ¯:$ÕᔠFÓÖ▭ḄØA.ÙÚᓄÒ:$ÛᵨÜÝḄwÞßÙÚᑖᡂIEàáãḄÓäB.å⏚Òæ:$ᑭᵨè[ᣚᘤ⚜è]^ᱥ$ëìὑ;ÌFÓᦔ᳛C.ðñÒæ:$ÛᵨòóᑴñÞᔣ⛳uö÷ª:øùúᐭCO2uNH3,;̶ᧇḄᑭᵨ᳛D.ᔠᡂûÒæ:$ÛᵨÌüᩩ$ýᜧᔠᡂû]^Ḅ⊝ᦪ$ýᜧ¶ᧇQᓄ᳛ூdᫀBூ᪆ூA.ᓄᑭᵨᑖḄḄᦑA┯ B.⏚"#ᑭᵨ$%ᣚᘤ()*+,ᔠ./ᱥ,ᔠ.12Ḅ$3%ᣚ⁚536783ὑᦑB:; C.<="#>ᵨ?@ᑴ=Bᔣ⛳/EFG#HIJᐭ᧕NOGḄP./NOGḄQRᓄSTQRᓄSᙠ=ឋᩩXYᐙᑖ*+[\ᧇḄᑭᵨ᳛ᦑC┯ D.ᓄ_`⊝bᦪdefᦪdeg`⊝bᦪgᑣᔠᡂP"#>ᵨ[jᩩXᓄ_`⊝bᦪgᦑD┯ ᦑ⌱Bo2.Yᑡmnop#:;ḄA.NChᙠᜧ.#rᡂ⏚st4NO+O+2HO=4H++4NO2223B.(uvᑴFe(OH).xytFe3++3OH=Fe(OH)3(xy)C.NaAlC^N|#Jᐭ}~CO?t2A1O+CO+3HO=2A1(OH)+CO -2223D.}~FeNO⏚tFe+4H++NO=Fe3++NOT+2H.O3ூᫀAூ᪆ூA.QRᓄ/R.ஹG*+ᡂ⏚mnopt4NO+O+2HO=4H++4NO,,A:222; B.(uv⛳/ᓄN|ᐭG#|yᕈ⋎⁐ᑴᜓRᓄxymnop
9tFe3++3HO=Fe(OH)+3H\B┯ 23c.Jᐭ}~CO?ᡂRᓄ/S⏚mnopt2A10,+2CO+4HO=2A1(OH)J+2HCO-,C┯ 223D.}~ᡂQmnopt3Fe+8H++2NO =3Fe2++2NOT+4HO,D┯ 2ᦑ⌱A3.NAbᦪḄYᑡ¡┯ ḄA.lL0.1molL¢(NH4)2SO4N|#NHtmnḄᦪ£0.2NAB.Zn¤¥⏚*+22.4L.y(᪗§¨©)Bª«Ḅᵯnᦪ®2NAC.16.9g}Rᓄ¯(BaC)2)°y#▢ஹ□mn³ᦪ0.2NAD.42.0g´µ/¶µḄ,ᔠ.y#·ᨵḄS
10ᦪ3NAூᫀAூ᪆ூA.NHt¹ºGᦑNHtᦪ£»¼O0.2NA,A┯ B.Zn¤¥⏚*+¹3ᡂQRᓄᡈQRᓄ/.Ḅ,ᔠᱥopZn+2H2s0p¥¾ZnSO'+SO?T+2H?O,Zn+HSO(^)=ZnSO+HT,᪷Àop¹ÁÂÃᡂ2442.ÄQRᓄᡂImol.yª«ᵯnᙳ2mol,22.4L.y(᪗§¨©)ḄᱥÆḄ~Imol,ᡠºª«Ḅᵯnᦪ®2NA,B:; C.16.9g}Rᓄ¯(BaÈḄᱥÆḄ~01mol,ᵫOᙠÊË°y#·ᨵḄ▢ஹ□mnᦪ£2,ᡠº0.1molË°y#·ᨵḄmn³ᦪ0.2NA,C:; D.´µ/¶µḄᨬÍpᙳCH2,ᦑ42g,ᔠᱥ#·ᨵḄCH2ḄᱥÆḄ~3mol,ᑣ·3NAÊS
11D:; ᦑ⌱Ao4.Yᑡ(u£ḄÎ+ḄᫀÏஹ)Ð/ÑÃÒ:;Ḅ(u£ḄᫀÏ)Ð/ÑÃÓÔÕÖᙠRÚ~yÛÜÝᐭ2ÞàÂ.yᡂᑣ°yÛÜA.#×ØᡠÙ°3mLßGNaO àᨵ.yᡂᑣ°y2
12yÛÜḄᡂᑖÛÜNaO22ᔣðyñ⛳/AgClN|/æçAgCl/AglÙᑮõön(AgCl)>n(AgI),ᑣB⛳/AglN|#ᑖòÝḄKspïÎᜧ¼K.s(AgCl)>Ks(AgI)PPð~Ḅ¥AgNChN|ᔣKBrஹKIᔠæç2ஹBý2ஹLᑖ ᕈ ⁐!CᐭCC14,ḄRᓄឋ"#ᓄឋ&C12>Br>l22₩☟ᵨpH9:;pH&-.H2c033pHজுঝ!"H2c⏚ឋCDজNaHCChCH3co0HḄ⏚ឋDCH3COOHঝCH3coONaA.AB.BC.CD.DூIᫀBூL᪆ூNLA.ONaPᨵRᐰTUᔣWXYZ[\]H2,Oᨵ^X]ᡂ`ab"WXYZcNaaCh,A┯efB.ᔣgXh⛳AgCl⛳AglᑖklgḄmAgNChAgCl(s)-Ag+(s)+Cl(aq),AgI(s)=Ag+(aq)+v(aq)w⊝⌮ᔣz{\]AgClAgLᵫ~ᑮn(AgCl)>n(Agl)ḄAgClmᜧᦑKsp(AgCl)>Ksp(AgI),BfC.ᔣKBrஹKIᔠᐭCC14,₩ᵫDrḄឋ-BrᦑKITU☟ᑖ ᕈ ⁐ab"#ᓄឋ&Ch>I,C┯ef2D.m:~pH&জ(NaHCCh)3coONa)!"H2c3⏚ឋCDCH3coOH,D┯efᦑ⌱Bo5.ᐝᐝᑴ⌼ᱏ`Ḅ⌕ᩞᧇᵨ¤¥ᱏ¦3§ᩭ⏚©ᐳ«¬ᡂ ᑡb®`ḄA.Imol§ᩭ⏚⏊3±#ᓄ²TUᨬ´µὑ2moiNaOH
13B.¤¥ᱏ¦:3¹cᑖº᪀XO'>0C.¼ᐝᔠᡂ½¾a[¿ÀÁ⁚&3-^-7Ãr—50Å0koD.¤¥ᱏ¦ḄÃÆᱥᨵ4ÈூIᫀBூL᪆ூNLA.Ãɧᩭ⏚ÊᑖËL]ᡂ2É.ÌᑣImol§ᩭ⏚©,ᨬ´µὑ2moiNaOH,A;B.¤¥ᱏ¦3ᑖËÏஹÕ᪀ÖὅÈᱥØB┯efC.¤¥ᱏ¦§ᩭ⏚ÐÑÒÓÔ]ᡂTUஹ§ᩭ⏚©ᑖËÑÒÙÓÔ]ᡂTUᡠÓᐸÁ⁚0k°Üa&JÃ'—)~r—,Cf0Å0à0D.ᵫ⚪âã䤥ᱏ¦ḄÕ᪀åÏᑭᵨgᦔ±ᳮ,¤¥ᱏ¦ḄÃÆᱥᨵ4Èôᡠõ&2)1,Df2ᦑIᫀc&B.6.éᕜëᐗíXஹYஹZஹWËîᦪðᜧñò öÈᐗíᨬ÷ø#ᓄᱥùUᓄᱥᙳaûᡂmc0.10mol-I7iḄüýḄpHᑖþ ôᡠõ ᑡb®ḄZXWY'/---------------1---------------—►pHA.X3Waÿ B.ᨬᡂᵯ1713ᦪW>Z>X>Yc.ᐗḄᓫYḄᨬD.ᐗḄᨬ ᓄᱥ!ᓄᱥZḄ⏚ឋᨬ$
14ூ'ᫀCூ*᪆ூᑖ᪆-ᕜ/ᐗXஹYஹZஹW12ᦪ345ᜧ789:7ᐗᨬ ᓄᱥ!ᓄᱥᙳ<=ᡂ>?@O.lmol/LḄAB7᪷DEFḄpHᑖGHI7XஹWḄpH=l,J@K⏚LM⏚7ᑣX@N,W@CLZḄpH 1,J@O⏚7Z@S,YḄpH=13,J@P ᓄQ7ᑣY@Na,DRS'ூU*A.XஹWᑖVW VALVDA7XὅZ7A┯\]B.NஹNaஹSஹClḄᨬᡂᵯᦪᑖV@3ஹ1ஹ2ஹ1,ᑣᨬᡂᵯᦪX>Z>W=Y,B┯\;C.ᵯᦪ_`7_ᜧ7ᵯa᪀c7᪶ᵯ₹ᦪ_ᜧ_7ᑣᓫZ>W>X>Y,Cfg]D.hijឋC1>N>S,ᑣᨬ ᓄᱥ!ᓄᱥḄ⏚ឋW>X>Z,ᓽᐗḄᨬ ᓄᱥ!ᓄᱥḄ⏚ឋWᨬ$7D┯\]ᦑ'ᫀ⌱C7.ᑭᵨᐝ<ᑖ*!Ḅqrtᡠv7ᙠxyᵯzSᵨ:7{ឋ}~!*@H+LOH-,ᐸᔣ:ᑡfgḄᐝ᯿ᵯnAB,V3+HOo.2A.ᐝᵯ<~ᵯ<ᓄ@ᐝ<2OH|OHᓄᑺ{ឋ}B.{ឋ}<ᑴABḄ⏚ឋcC.□Ḅᵯ@4OH-«e-=2H2O+O2TD.Ḅ@2V3++H?=2V2++2H+ூ'ᫀCூ*᪆ூU*A.ᵫtHI7Jqr~ᐝ<ᓄ@ᵯ<7ᑭᵨᵯ*~ᵯ<ᓄ@ᓄ<7ᨬᑮᑖ*!
15Ḅ¡Ḅ7⌱⚗A┯\]B.{ឋ}H~!*@H*LOH'ᵫqrtHI7FT£ᐭ▢7OH£ᐭ□7ᑣ{ឋ}HᑴABᑖV@⏚ឋLឋ7⌱⚗B┯\]C.ᐝ᯿¦□Ḅᵯ@4OH--4e-=2H2O+C)2T7⌱⚗Cfg]D.ᵫqrtHI7Ḅ¨¦©@2V2++2H+=2V3++HZT,⌱⚗D┯\'ᫀ⌱C8.᪷D⏚ªᳮ¬7®ª(H+)Ḅᱥª⏚7®ªḄ<°_$7⏚ឋ_$±INHJ+NH=NH>NH,NH+CHCOOH=NH]+CHCOO",:ᑡ⏚ឋ$²³2fgḄ232424323A.NH]>NH>NH]B.NH]>CHCOOH>NH]22423C.NH,>N,H,>CH,COOD,CHஹCOOH>N,H]>NH]ூ'ᫀDூ*᪆ூU*᪷D´ᑖ*Ḅµ¶7$⏚<ᑴ·²⏚7᪷D⏚ªᳮ¬7®ª(H')Ḅᱥª⏚7ᑣN2H&+CH3coOH=N?H]+CH3co7⏚ឋCH3co0H>N?H],N?H]+NH3=NH+N2H47⏚ឋNH]>NH],ᦑ⏚ឋCHCOOH>NH]>NH],'ᫀ⌱D2329.9?:ᔣ¸ᘤºᐭA:জA—B,ঝA-C,ঞB=C¾¿AஹBஹCḄ>?ÀÁÂtḄÃᓄÄÅtᡠvA.জḄÆᓄ<ᜧ ঝB.J9?:7ঞḄÇ⊝8ᦪᜧ 1C.tiÁ7BḄÉὑË᳛ᜧ ᡂË᳛D.t2Á7c(C)=co-c(B)ூ'ᫀAூ*᪆ூU*A.ᵫtHI7ᡂᱥB`CÍ7Îজ¸᧕7Æᓄ<ÐঝḄÑ7ᦑA┯\;
16B.ঞḄÇ⊝8ᦪK=/,ᵫtI7Ç⊝Á7CḄ>?ᜧ BḄ>?7ᦑK>1,ᦑBfg;c(B)C.ÒÁ7BᙠÓÍ7Cᙠ5º7ᑣBḄÉὑË᳛ᜧ ᡂË᳛7ᦑCfg]D.ᵫA—B,ATCHIᐸᓄᙳ@1:1,t2Á7¾¿ÔᨵAᒕ×7ᦑc(C)+c(B)=C(A)M*,=CO,ᑣc(C)=co-c(B),ᦑDfg]ᦑ⌱Ao10.±I89:,Ù⏚ḄᵯÇ⊝8ᦪKai=4.4xl0-7,34.7X10-L89:,ᔣ100mLO.lrnolLk2c03ABÚ᠒ܺ100mLO.2moLLÝÞ⏚7ABᔜḄᱥªḄàÀºᐭÞ⏚ḄᱥªḄàḄÃᓄtᡠv(H+LOHá®)AᔜḄᱥªḄà/mmol:ᑡZfgḄ?020^ºᐭÞ⏚ḄᱥªḄhl/mmolAܺâAãÁ7n(Q-)=n(CO])>n(HCO])B.ܺâBãÁ7C(HCQ^-|3ܺâCãÁ7c(Cl-)+H+=HCO],ᑣCOj>HCO],ᵫtHIAãLDãºᐭÞ⏚ḄᱥªḄàLABḄᱥªḄàcì7AãÁn(CO])=n(Cç)7ᑣn(CO^)=n(Cr)>n(HCO]),A⚗fg]B.ᵫtHI7BãÁn(COf)=n(HCOj,í4ᵯÇ⊝@H2co3y^HCO]+H+,ᵯ8ᦪ
17@î=*,ñ,ò,íX4ᵯÇ⊝@HCO]y^CCt+H7ᵯ8ᦪ@cóH2co3H·:cóHCO]cóHCO]xcóH+xc CO]cóHCO]xcóH+xcóHCO]14.4*107C HCO-cóHC0,xcóH*xc C0^-C HCOXC H+XC CO^ᡈ4.7x10“'23223CóHCC3ò-..........<=9.4x103cóH2co3ò,B⚗fg;c.ᵫtHICãºᐭḄÞ⏚ḄᱥªḄà@lOmmol,ᑣCãABnóHCO] lOmmol,n COjö÷0øCãᙠxÅḄ:¨7ᱥᧇúឤH·H·c Cçò=c CO]+cóHCO]+c H2co3ò,ᑣc Cr>cóHCO]+2c CO^C⚗┯\],D.ÜâDãÁ7KHCCò3+HC1=KC1+H2O+CO2Tាýþᐰ ᓄ⏚ឋ,ᑣḄpH<7,D⚗ᫀ⌱Cஹ ⚪ ᐳᨵ5!⚪"⚪12ᑖᐳ60ᑖ$11.%&'ᑭᵨFeCl-4H2O*+,⏒. SOCLᑴᜓ12FeCbḄ346ᡠ8 9:;ᜳᢝ34ᶍ$?@2S0C12ABC76࠷,⍗2᧕ HᡂJK⏚ឋLMᑡO⚪P 1$%&QRᐜTN2UVWXYᐜ9:34_______ [“a”ᡈ"b"34bᑁ^H Ḅᓄ_`abC34cஹdᐳcdᑮḄfᵨg 2hᨵijkᩖmḄFeCL nH2O,CnonpqrM%&:
18%&IPvwm1g᪵|ᵨ}k~,⏚Yᵨcmol•KzCnCh᪗oFe2+BWὑVmL(oaCnOᓄCCZ+,C )%&HPwm£᪵|ᑭᵨ¢£34¤}kSOCL Y¦mkCm?g¨ijn=Mᑡ¬®¯°nnkp±!Ḅg([᪗²)A.᪵|ijkFeOᩖmB.᪵|¤SOCh Wᜫ2ᐙᑖC.%&Iv¸Y᪵|^H¹ºD.oBW^ho¼½ᘂᑁᨵ¿Hᡂ(3)ᵨ¢£34ஹ᪷ TiO2+CC14=TiCLi+CC)2ᑴᜓTiCh,?@TiCL¤CCLᑖÅÆ᪀ÈɤCCLÊË᧕2⌱Ìᔠ〉ÏᘤÑÒ3ÓÔ34ÕTiCLஹCCLÖᔠᱥqrÓØÙÚ(9:;ᜳᢝ34ᶍ)Û3ÜÝCজতণ______ঠ([ݲ)0.FeCl2-4HO+4SOC12=FeC12+4SOf+8HCItঞ.èéLêSOCh22,ஹ1000(m,-mJ-(2)জ.-----UUëঝ.AB108cV(3)ডথঞூ᪆ூᑖ᪆ᵫ⚪ó6ô@%&QRWᐜõ.TöᨵḄ÷,⏚Tᐭ34ú34ḄûUVWXYᐜ9:34aýHSOC12ᐙþb b ᓄSOC12ᡂᓄஹ ᓄ ᓄ cஹdḄᐳ%&ᵨ()*+,SOC12,ᱥ/ᐙᑖூ45167ᵫᑖ᪆;<=>?@AᐜCDF GḄH■JᓄKHGḄ ᓄLMHFᐜ aOSOC12ᐙPb b ᓄSOCLᡂ
19Aᓄஹ ᓄ ᓄḄᓄTUVW/FeCL-4H2O+4SOCL=FeCL+4sO2T+8HCITL cஹdAḄᐳ%&ᵨ()*+,SOCI2,ᱥ/ᐙᑖᦑdᫀ/faLFeC12-4HO+4SOCl=22FeCb+4S02T+8HClfL)*+,SOCI2Lூ45267ᵫjᜫᵯmᦪopឤ;jsᐵuWf6FeCb—KzCnCh,|}~ὑVmLcmol/L⏚ᑣMg᪵G/?(FeC12)=6/i(Cr2O})=0.006cVmolLᵫ=>H;<"g᪵GᨔḄᱥḄ/ᦇᵫ18…ߟlOOOCm,-m,)ᓄTW;jfn(FeCh)f"(H2O)=1frt=0.006cVmolf......-mol,7jn=...........-L18108cVA.᪵G¢£ ᓄᩖ¥|}~ὑḄ¦⏚Ḅ§¨ᜧª«”Ḅ®¨4ᦑ¯ᔠ⚪²LB.᪵SOCbAᜫ´ᐙᑖ¥µ2¨ᜧª«”Ḅ®¨4ᦑ¯ᔠ⚪²LC.=>I¶᪵·¸¹7᪵GᓄḄᱥḄ´º~ὑ»⏚Ḅ§´º=>jnḄ®´ºᦑ´¯ᔠ⚪²LD.|}½ᑮ¿ÀA·Á|}ÂÃᘂᑁᨵÇᡂ¥~ὑḄ⏚Ḅ§¨4ª«nḄ®¨ᜧᦑ´¯ᔠ⚪²L1000mmᦑ⌱AB,ᦑdᫀ/f20ᓄ ᓄ KMnO/HSO424!জឋ#$⌕ᔾ▬ᨵ)*;ঝ25࠷01K‘p[Fe(OH)3]=4.0x10-38Fঞ HIJLᐗ[Zn(NH3)4F+QRSᙠ;টVᑖXYZ[\]^_ `ᐰ^_ḄpHXYZ[Fe3+Fe2+Cu2+Mn2+\]^_pH1.97.04.58.1`ᐰ^_pH3.29.06.410.1(1)Pb(OH)ClLPbḄᓄᔠlm.(2)nopm50࠷,rs0tmlh01vwᔜᐗḄny᳛{ᓄ╄}~pḄᐵI1ᑣᓄ╆ᨬ〉Ḅpm1234567NH4clp/(mol-L“)NH4cᮞny᳛Ḅ(3)ᐭ〉KMnCU}~ḄḄ◀ ᐗḄ0}~LᨵḄ╍ᐗ¢ᶇ1ᑏy◀ ¥¦ḄZ[§R¨o©0HILFe3+¢ᶇᨬᜧpmmol•LL(4)¬!“◀ᩖ3”ᑭᵨ±ᣚrs³´◀ᩖ1ᑣ“µ¶III”Ḅ$⌕ᡂᑖm(¹ᓄºR)(5)“^”rsḄZ[§Rmூᫀ(I)+2(2)4(3)জ.MnOF+3Fe2++7H2O=MnO21+3Fe(OHR+5H+ঝ.4.0xlO-8
21(4)CuஹZn(5)2Zn2++4HCOF=Zm(OH)2co31+3cO2T+H2OூÀ᪆ூᑖ᪆ᵫ⚪ÃÄ!1ᔣÆÇ᮱LᐭÉᓄ n1ÊËᐗÇᓄmPb(0H)Cl^_1̵ÍᑮÏᨵPb(0H)ClḄny¶ ny~Fᔣny~Lᐭᓄ }~1Ê ᐗÇᓄmFeAs04^_1̵ÍᑮÏᨵFeAsChḄḄµ¶ ny~Fᔣµ~LᐭÐÑ⏚Ó ÔÕ⏚1Ê¢ᶇḄ ᐗÇᓄmÖᓄ ^_10Ð×⏚᪷Z[ÇᓄmÙᓄ╎^_1̵ÍᑮÏᨵÖᓄ ஹÙᓄ┶Ḅµ¶ µ~Fᔣµ~LᐭÌḄ1Ê}~LÆZ[ÜÝmÆ1̵ÍᑮÏᨵஹÆḄµ¶ µ~Fᔣµ~Lᐭឋ#Þᓄ}~1̵ÍᑮÞᓄ¶ Þᓄ~FᔣÞᓄ~Lᐭß⏚Ö╄}~1Ê}~LḄZ[ÇᓄmàRß⏚^_1̵ÍᑮàRß⏚FàRß⏚ᰀâᑖÀᑴÍឋᓄூã1äÀᵫᓄᔠlåᦪ m0Ä!1Pb(0H)ClLËᐗḄᓄᔠlm+2l1ᦑᫀm+2lFூã2äÀᵫÄ!1ᓄ⛽}~pm4moi/L01Z[ny᳛êÐ1ËZ[Ḅny᳛êë1ìᓄí}~pᜧî4moi/L01ËZ[Ḅny᳛ïᜧ1ᑭî◀ËZ[1ᡠᓄ╄ᨬ〉Ḅpm4moi/L,ᦑᫀm4Fூã3äÀᵫ⚪ñÄ!1ᐭ〉Ðò⏚Ó}~óôḄrsmÐ×⏚᪷Z[{}~LḄõ Z[rsôᡂÙᓄ═^_ஹÖᓄ ^_ ÖZ[1rsḄZ[§RmMnOF+3Fe2++7H2O=MnO21+3Fe(OH)31+5H+FᵫÖᓄ Ḅ}p÷ }~ḄpHm4-4.5Ä!1¨o◀ ¥¦ø}~L Z[¢ᶇᨬᜧpm4Qx10-38---------------=4.0x108mol/L,ᦑᫀmMnOF+3Fe2++7H2O=MnO21+3Fe(OH)31+5H+F4.0x1O-8F(1.0x10mol/L)'ூã4äÀᵫᑖ᪆Ä!1◀ᩖ3óôḄrsmÌḄ{}~LÆZ[óô±ᣚrsôᡂÆ Z[1̵ÍᑮḄµ¶HIḄ$⌕ᡂᑖmÌ Æ1ᦑᫀmCuஹZnFூã5äÀᵫᑖ᪆Ä!1^rsmß⏚Ö╄}~{Õ⏚}~rsôᡂÕ⏚╄ஹàRß⏚^_ஹÙᓄß 1rsḄZ[§Rm2Zn2++4HCOF=Zn2(0H)2co3I+3CO2T+H2O,ᦑᫀm2Zn2++4HCOj=Zn2(0H)2co3I+3CO2T+H2O«13.Lýþºÿᙠ▭✌CO2ᑮḄᔠᡂᱥᐝᔠᵨ ᧇ ◤CO?ஹ"#ᵯ%ᐵᡂ'(⊤ᙠ*+,-/01ᑡ3⚪5
22(1)C0Ḅ:;<᪀>?ᐸAC BḄᩖᓄEF>2(2)Ni(C0)4JK1ᕈMᐸᑖB:;᪀P>QR☢TUVᐸ᧕XYCCLஹ[\ᨵ^XᑺḄ `:H0,(3)ᙠcdᩩf1ghUᡂℍ⃔k(CH_CH_CH_CH_1_1_H)'ℍ⃔kᑖBAlmI:III|2''OHOHOHOHHNHICQI/CC2O2(o“ு"ஹ"v”ᡈ”=”)(4)জ(CH3NH3)PbbḄᨔ|<᪀~ᡠ5ᐸAB⊤Pb2+0ᑣ⊤I-, Bᑖᦪᙶ᪗A>(0,0,0),B>(g,y,y),ᑣCḄ Bᑖᦪᙶ᪗>ঝ(CH3NH3)Pbl3Ḅ᥅>Mg•molNA>JᦪḄᑣ¡ᨔTḄ¢£>g.cm_3oூ0ᫀ(1)জª«ঝ.sp(2)Ni(CO)4®¯ឋᑖBXCC14ஹ[®¯ឋᑖBXᑺ᪷³%´%X ᳮNi(CO)4᧕XYCCLஹ[(3)>(4)জ.Cঝ.(1,a)(3).…22ax%ூU᪆ூ»31¼U½¾ᓄ¿A¿ BḄÀÁᵯBÂᦪ>2,ÃÂᵯBÂᦪ>0,ᑣᐸᩖᓄEF>spᩖᓄ½¾ᓄ¿Ḅ:;᪀P>ª«Pூ»32¼UNi(CO)4®¯ឋᑖBXCC14ஹ[®¯ឋᑖBXᑺ᪷³%´%X ᳮNi(CO)4᧕XYCC4ஹ[ூ»33¼UG BÀÁᵯBÂ>3,Åᵨsp?ᩖᓄᦑNHICQIÇ>120C2 BÀÁᵯBÂᦪ>4,Åᵨsp3ᩖᓄᦑ/C1C2O2Ç>109°28',`ÌNH1CQANC1C2O2ூ»34¼UB⊤Pb?+,ᓄ,FAPb?+#rḄᦪÏ>153,ᑣᨔ|Aᨵ13Ð`ÌC⊤ᓃCÒY☢Óᜐᙶ᪗
23MxlO30>(1,1/2,1/2)¡ᨔ|ḄTÕ>a3xl(y30cm3,ᑣᐸ¢£>c^-----axN.14.×TᑁÙ⏚(HUr)ÜÝÞᐵ⁚àMAáâÙ⏚ãᨔT(NaUr)äå(æçNaUr(s)Na+(aq)+Ur(aq)é”>().êë⚪ìíᑴ”ïðᐵ⁚àM''ñòẆô/01ᑡ3⚪5õ5জ37C÷Ka(HUr)=4xlO-6,/f=2.4xl0-14^^sp(NaUr)=6.4xlO-5wঝ37'C÷ïðᐵ⁚àMpH=7.4,c(Ur)=4.6xl0-4mol-L1(1)Ù⏚ᵯýEþF>(2)Kh Ḅᦪ37࠷Kh(U)=(3)37࠷ᔣHUrᐭNaOHᑴ“#$ᐵ⁚'”c(Na+)c(UL)(,“>”ஹyᡈ“=”)(4)37Cᔣ#$ᐵ⁚'ᐭNaCl(s)5c(Na+)=0.2mol•L-I(,“ᨵ”ᡈ"@")NaUrᨔB᪆D(5) FGMg(OH)2ᙠ⏚ḄឋᑭᵨOPQᐵᦪRSTDUVWMg(OH)(s)+2CH3COOH(aq)2ߟ^Mg2+(aq)+2CH3COCF\)+2]0পᙠ25࠷Ḅ_⊝ᦪK,aRbcdMg(OH)2eᔲgh⏚i(⌕kᨵᑡmcnaoᐭᦪRpqrTḄst᪷RSTvwpqᑨdyz25࠷WKw=L()xl(}~K,(CH3coOH)=1.8x1Of,xr(M(OH)]=1.8x10-"<1.83~5.8)spg2ூᫀ(1)HUr:^=^H++Ur(2)6X10—9(3)>c(Mg2+)c2(CHCOOj_c(Mg2+)c2(CHCOO)c2(OH)33(4)ᨵ(5)25࠷_⊝ᦪC2(CH,COOH)C2(CHC00H)C2(0H)3K/MgOHj1.8x1-“KjMglOHj]22=5.8X107>105,UVpqgᐰᡠO’10x1"ஹKWKJJ.8xlOtMg(0H)2egh⏚ூ᪆ூ1ᵫ⚪z⏚ ᐗ¢⏚ᙠ£ᑖᵯ¦D§¦¨©⏚᪷¦¨ᵯ¦ªtm HUr^=^H++Ur,ᦑᫀ WHUr^^^tH++Ur
24ூ2c(HUr)c(OH)_c(HUr)c(OH)c(H+)K^2,4x104w37࠷⏚᪷¦¨ḄᦪKh(U1)=c(Ur)c(Ur)c(H+)K4x10^a=6X10?ᦑᫀ :6X1(P9ூ3ᵫ⚪z37࠷#$ᐵ⁚'c(Uf>4.6X104mol/L,ᵫ⏚±Ḅ²³zc(Na+}5Kஹp6.4x10>4.6X104mol/L,ᦑᫀ :>c(Ur)4GxlO^mol/Lூ4ᵫ⚪z37࠷#$ᐵ⁚'c(U)=4.6X104mol/L,µc(Na+)=0.2mol/L¶²·Q=cc(Na+)c(Ur)=0.2moI/LX4.6X104mol/L=9.2x10-5>AWsp(NaUr)=6.4x10-5,ᡠOᨵ⏚±ᨔB᪆Dᦑᫀ Wᨵ;c(Mg2+)c2(CHCOO)_3ூ5ᵫªtmz25࠷UVḄ_⊝ᦪº=C2(CH3coOH)([MgOHj1.8x10-"c(Mg2+)c2(CH£OO)c2(OH)K¼Mg(OH2)]14Y=5.8X107>105,lOxlOC2(CHCOOH)C2(OH)K31.8x10-%UVpqgᐰᡠO§Áᓄ╅egh⏚ᦑᫀ W25࠷_⊝ᦪÄC(Mg2+)c2(CH3COO)_c(Mg2+)c?(CH3coO»2(OH)_ÅÆ0Ç)]_ஹ2C2(CHCOOH)c2(CHC00H)c2(0H)Kw33KJ1.8xl0-"’1.0x10*Ë=5.8X107>105,UVpqgᐰᡠOMg(OH)2egh⏚J.8x10-5,015.h⏚ÌᵬÎ(Ï)OÐ⁵ÓÔÕÖᵨPØÙᔠᡂÜÝᡂÞßàḄá⌕ᡂᑖ:
25টåzW@CH=CH-OH2âßãäßæçèéêᓄ CH3cH0ঝᙠCat.b/THF⏣íÎîéÝïᓄÎðñᣚUVWRCOOR+R'OHRCOOR'+ROHóôPᑡ⚪Wâ1äDḄõÁöe÷øùUVজḄUVûü o 2EíFUVÝᡂh⏚ÌᵬΩßàᓄýªtmo 3GḄQþᑖ¨ÿ ⏚ᵬᜧ14,⏚ᵬḄᱥᨵᑖ᪀ᑡᩩ Ḅᑖ᪀ᐳᨵᑏ!ᐸ#$᪶&ᐳ'()ᨵ5*+⇾☢./106020201ᑖ᪀Ḅ1᪀23জ6ᨵ7ঝ79ᨵ:;<=>ঞ@ABCDEFGHABCIJFGoK4᪷M9NOPQRᵫT⏚TU4$ᵬ>VWᧇᑴᜓ[\ஹ[Ḅᔠᡂ`aKbcdᑺf⌱hூjᫀK1hজ.>ঝ.nᡂFGூE᪆ூᑖ᪆ᵫᨵcᱥpᓄᐵstHC:CHuDFGCᡂCH3CHO,ᑣAHC:CHஹBCH3CHO0wᓄᑺxᵨCHCHOuz{BCwᓄzᓄFGCᡂCH3co0H,ᑣCCH3co0H|wᓄᑺxᵨ3HC=CHuCH3co0HBC}~ᡂFGCᡂCH2=CHOOCCH,UDCH2=CHOOCCHCH2=CHOOCCH33;3
26CHgCIOOCCHOOCCH33$ᩩ BCnFGCᡂ4ᑣE—CHa—yᙠ(zᓄ#ᐳrCHOHCHOHCHOH222OOCCH5,ᑣF0:d3BCDEFGCᡂju[CHLM],BCOPঝFGCᡂUHூ1Eᵫᑖ᪆stDḄ1᪀23CH2=CHOOCCH3,6zA>|FGজwᓄᑺxᵨHC:CHuCH3co0HBCnᡂFGCᡂCH2=CHOOCCH3,ᦑjᫀ0>|nᡂFG;ூ2ECHOH2OOCCH3ᵫᑖ᪆stEuFFGCᡂ⏚ᵬUḄFGu—[-CH-CH^—BCOPঝFG2oCHOHOH2Cᡂ_I[FGḄᓄ3Cal.3bஹ(_CHz—AH■U+THF~ீ"OHOOCCH3-“OH—1$[ᦑjᫀ0.ICat.3bI2)------[-CH—THF~~7------[-CH—22[|ூ3E+nGḄᑖ ⏚ᵬᜧ14,⏚ᵬḄᱥ@ABCDEFGHABCIJFG¡¢¡¢£ᑖ᪀ᨵ$00CH¤ᙠᵫ79ᨵ:;<=>stGḄ1᪀s¥¦x§ᵬᑖ#79Ḅ(W¨$CH200CH<=ᡠª1᪀ᐸ#«§ᵬஹ¬§ᵬஹ§ᵬᑖ#79Ḅ(W¨$CHzOOCH<=ᡠª1᪀ᑖ2ஹ3ஹ1,®s¥¦xᵬTᑖ#79Ḅ(W¨$00CH<=ᡠª1᪀ᐸ#«ᵬTஹ¬ᵬTஹᵬTᑖ#79Ḅ(W¨$CHzOOCH<=ᡠª1᪀ᑖ4ஹ4ஹ2,ᐳᨵ16ᐸ#$᪶&ᐳ'()ᨵ5*++☢./106020201ᑖ᪀Ḅ1᪀23CHgOCH,ᦑjᫀ016;CHjOOCHCHCHjOOCHSCHzOOCHCHSூ4E
27ᵫ⚪°OPstᵫT⏚TU4$ᵬ>VWᧇᑴᜓᙠᐝ᯿ᩩCHzCICHzCICHzOH u³{BC<=FGCᡂu(zᓄᐳBCDEFG´⏚ᓄªᑮOHOHOHCHzOHl)NaOH/A.CH3COOCH2cH3Cat.3b/THFOH
