2022-2023学年北京某中学高一上学期期中考试化学试卷含详解

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⌱bc<)ூWé4<:௃\ᑴlOOmLO.20moi/LCuSC)4Eó◤⌕ᵨl.OOmol/LCuSO,EVmL,᪷õö÷§ð⏚ñᱥÒḄ4lOOmLxQ20moi/L=Vxl.00mol/L,V=20mL஺22.ùúᓄûCO2üýDxþÿ⌕Ḅᧇ஺(1)LḄᵯᦪLᵯᦪ஺(2)CO2Ḅᵯ஺(3)CO?CḄᓄᔠ—!ᑖᓄ#$Ḅ%&—!ᡂ$(Ḅᵯ)*ᔣ,—o(4)14co201NaOH5678Ḅ9:;஺ூ=ᫀ௃(1)10(2).Q.oAAcAA(3)জ.+4ঝ.᩽ឋᐳ$ঞ.0(4)14CO+2OH-14C0+H022ூK᪆௃ூMN1OK௃LḄᵯᦪ4,Lᵯᦪ6,LḄᵯᦪLᵯᦪ10!ூMN2OK௃CChᐳᓄᔠᱥTᑖUᨵ2WX$Tᵯ.%c••6”!ூMN3OK௃CChOᐗ]Ḅᓄᔠ^-2,᪷`ᓄᔠaᦪb,0,CḄᓄᔠ+4!ᑖᓄ#$Ḅ%&᩽ឋᐳ$!OcdTefᡂ$(Ḅᵯ)*ᔣ,O!ூMN4OK௃HCO201NaOH5678gᡂ⏚ijT78Ḅ9:;l4CO2+2OH=14CO^+HO2;23.₝ᩈᮞrstUuvTw⌕ᡂᑖ⏚uTxUᨵy1zᓄuஹ|⏚u}5ᩖb஺(1)₝ᩈᮞrs⏚uḄ;ᒹUTᔠᳮḄ^ATᨬ

21ᓽeᑮ⏚u஺জ!ঝᓾᨔ!ঞ5K!ট(2)ᵬ¢#£᝞Ḅ¥ᡠᨔsᔲ¨ᙠSO;Ch«ᑴḄy1ᨔs5,jᑴ56A஺i.y156A,¯°T±ᐭ1³v⏚Tᨵ´⁐¶gᡂT·¸¹±Ba(NCh)256»1Tgᡂ¼⁐½¾஺ii.¿i½¾Tᔣ6±ᐭAgNCh56TÁÂᑮᨵ¼⁐½¾gᡂ஺জᑏ¿i78Ḅ9:;஺ঝᵫÅ¿ÆA56¨ᙠSO;ChÇ¢#È^ÉÊᑨÌᔲ¨ᙠChᳮᵫ஺ÍÎÏ¥:ᫀAÍy156A,¯°T—TÐÑᨵChூ=ᫀ௃(1)ঞজটঝ(2)জ.COj+2H+=H2O+CO2TஹBa2++SOj=BaSO4jঝ.i±ᐭv⏚ÔᐭÕCrঞ.±ᐭ1HNO356T·¸±ᐭBa(NCh)256»1Tᐙᑖ78ØT6±ᐭAgNCh56TÙg¼⁐½¾ூK᪆௃ூMN1OK௃₝ᩈᮞUᨵ}5ឋᩖT5Kஹ◀Û}5ᱥஹஹᓾᨔஹTeᑮ⏚uTᔠᳮḄ^ঞজটঝ!ூMN2OK௃জi⏚uv⏚78gᡂzᓄuஹÜᓄஹjT|⏚uBa(NCh)278gᡂ|⏚ݽ¾Þ⏚uT78Ḅ9:;COA+2H+=HO+COt>Ba2++SO!-=BaSO஺஺22ঝi±ᐭv⏚ÔᐭÕcr,ᡠÇ¢#È^ÉÊᑨÌᔲ¨ᙠC1-OÍy156A,¯°T±ᐭ1HNCh56T·¸±ᐭBa(NCh)256»1Tᐙᑖ78ØT6±ᐭAgNCh56TÙg¼⁐½¾TÐÑᨵCh24.iáâãäåஹᐹᨵçè8ᵨḄêë஺ìí=A(1)«MᙽêëiᢗᐭjTg78Ḅ9:;—!eÁÂᑮḄðñ(òóôõ)஺a.i½ᑮjöb.iᰚᡂMᳫc.Mᳫᜐûüd.ᨵᘄᘄÿ(2)ᙽᙠ⊤☢ᨩḄᓄ—஺(3)ᙠḄ!"ᱥNa2O2'ᵨ)*ᔾ☢ᐹᡈ./‷1Ḅᩭ315.6gNa2O2ᨬ:'ᑴ<᪗>?@A1ḄBCDL஺(4)GᨵIᨵNa?஺ᩖLḄNazCh᪵Qᵨ᝞SᡠUVWXYZ[Na?஺?᪵QḄ\]஺('^⌱ᵨḄᱥ

22ABCDEFGজXYAcBdᑺ⌱ᵨoঝXYBḄᓄXYEjkᮞḄmᵨ஺ঞXYDpqḄᓄD—ஹߟ஺টuvwxZ<᪵QḄLyD2.0g,|}~Z?@)D0.224L,ᑣNa2O2d᪵Ḅ\]D஺ூᫀ௃(1)জ.2Na+2H2O=2Na++2OH+H2Tঝ.bed(2)4Na+O=2NaO22(3)2.24L(4)জ.⏚NaHCO3+HCl=NaCl+HO+CO2Tঞ.◀O2ᨵḄCO2,2᣸◀ZyBCḄট.2Na2O2+2CO2=2Na2co3+஺2NaO+CO2=Na2CO78%23ூ᪆௃ூᑖ᪆௃XYA⏚CaCChBᑴ<1ᓄ¡¢⏚ᐹᨵᢵpឋ1ᓄ¡ᨵ¥ᓄ¦§/¨XYB⛳§¡⏚¦ªc◀¥ᓄ¦XYC«¬⏚®1ᓄ¡◀/¨XYDD1ᓄ¡§¯1ᓄ§1ᓄḄXYXYEjkᮞᔾᦈ¯yḄ1ᓄ¡■²/¨³ᐭD᡾VWXYF§GDyXYZ[qᡂ1ḄBC¹ூº1»௃/Ḅ¼½2Na+2H2O=2Na++2OH-+H2f¹'ÀÁᑮḄVWGÃÄᙠ/☢ஹᰚᡂᳫஹᳫÇᜐÉÊஹᨵᘄᘄÌᦑ⌱bed¹ூº2»௃ÎÏAḄᓄ4Na+O2=2Na2O¹º3»௃Na?஺?ᵨ)*ᔾ☢ᐹ'ÐH2OஹCO?qᡂÑÒÓH?OÔCChÕὑḄNazChqᡂḄ×ØᙳD2Ú1,ᦑ15.6gNa2O2'Ðᑴ?@ABCD2.24L¹ூº4»௃¡⏚┛§¬⏚xqᡂḄ¬⏚┛ݪ)/ḄÞ⌚àᙠ¡⏚┛Ḅ⊤☢áâãᢝåᡠÐᵨ⏚æâᵨ¬⏚ᩭ¹¡⏚┛§⏚qᡂḄ1ᓄ¡BIᨵ¥ᓄ¦Bᵨ⛳§¡⏚¦ªcᩭ

23◀DNaHCCh+HCUNaCl+HzO+CChf¹XYEjkᮞḄmᵨᔾᦈèḄ1ᓄ¡■²1ḄBCZy⌼ᡂ᡾¹XYDIᨵ1ᓄ§¯1ᓄᙳÞ§1ᓄ¡1ᓄ1ᓄ¡qᡂ¡⏚ḄᓄDNa2O+CO2=Na2CO3,¯1ᓄ1ᓄ¡qᡂ¡⏚§10.32gḄᓄD2Na2Cê2+2CO2=2Na2co3+O2;0.32g1ḄᱥLḄyD,=0.01mol,ᵫ32g/mol2Na2O2+2CO2=2Na2cO3+O2'íî¯1ᓄḄᱥLḄyD0.02mol,ᑣ¯1ᓄḄ\]D0.02molx78g•mol1--------------------X100%=78%o2.0gBᔁ^30ᑖêñòᑖ⌱ó⚪õᐳ10ᑖê÷⚪øᨵù⌱⚗ûᔠ⚪üõᐳ5⚪÷⚪2ᑖê25.38SrõÿḄ87Srஹ86$rᙠᙢ87s*6Sr஺ᱥ87Sr/86Sr87Sy6Srᨵᦔ"ᐵ஺$ᱥ87Sr/86Sr%&'(ᙢ)*஺+ᑡ-./0Ḅ1Aesr486Sr56B.87Sr4ḄSr:ᨵḄ;ᦪᑖ>649448C.ᙢ(BḄCᱥ87Sr/86Sr"D.87s486SrḄᓄFឋH"ூJᫀ௃DூM᪆௃ூOM௃A.87Sr486Sr1H;ᦪ"ஹ;ᦪḄP;Q56QᦑA/0SB.8QSr486Sr:ᨵḄ;ᦪᑖ>687-38=49486-38=48,ᦑB/0SC.87Srஹ86Sr13WrQᙢ(BḄCᱥ87S*6Sr"QᦑC/0SD.87s4᪶᜜ᵯ;᣸]"Qᡠ_ᓄFឋH"QᦑD┯aS⌱D஺26.+ᑡ-./0Ḅ1A.7.8gNa2O2Ḅh;iᦪ60.3x6.02x1023B.22.4LO2:2x6.02x1023noP;C.5.6LHOᡠ:O-HrḄᦪs60.5x6.02x10232D.2.8gN2:ᨵḄH;ᦪ60.7x6.02x1023ூJᫀ௃AூM᪆௃

24ூOM௃A.NazChᵫNa*ஹ஺w᪀ᡂQ7.8gNa2ChḄh;iᦪ^^x3x6.02xl()23=78g/mol0.3x6.02x1023,ᦑA/0SB.~ᨵ01ᔲ6᪗Q22.4LO2ḄᱥHḄ1ImoLᦑB┯aSC.᪗+1Q5.6LH2஺ḄᱥHḄ10.25mol,O—HrḄᦪs10.5x6.02x1()23,ᦑC┯aSD.1nN2ᑖ;:ᨵ14nH;Q2.8gN2:ᨵḄH;ᦪ614x6.02x1()23=jx6.02xl02\ᦑ4D┯aS⌱Ao27.ᐵᓄᔠᱥNHd,+ᑡ-./0Ḅ1A.NH4clᨵh;rᨵᐳrB.NH4஺ᙠḄᵯh1wNHC1=NHS+C14HCNH4clḄᵯ;:HwNwH
+wC1w
-HD.1molNH4,ᵯ;ᦪ68x6.02x1023ூJᫀ௃DூM᪆௃ூOM௃A.NH4cl1h;ᓄᔠᱥQᵫNHwஹC᪀ᡂQᨵh;rᨵᐳrQᦑA/0SB.NH4clᙠᐰᵯh6NHSஹCF,ᵯh1NH4CI=NHS+ChᦑB/0SC.NH4cl1h;HᓄᔠᱥQᵫNHwஹC᪀ᡂQᵯ;6HwNwH¡+wC1w¡-,ᦑC/0SHD.1nNHwh;ᨵ10nᵯ;QImolNHwᵯ;ᦪ610x6.02x1023,ᦑD┯aS⌱D஺28.¢£☢¥¦⏚Ḅᔾ▬4hM1ª"ᓄFᙠ«᛻ஹᓄஹᩞᧇ°F±⚞Ẇ´Ḅµ⌕·⚪஺᝞º6»HC1¼ᑖ;ᙠ253K¾⊤☢ᔾ▬4ÀMÁḄÂú(ºÄÅ6ÆÇnᦪÄ)Q+ᑡÈÉ/0Ḅ1

25¼"%%%HCl:HO=10-3:l2ËÌ47AyA.HC1ᙠḄᵯh>O^CI-wHO=IO-4wI>>0>ËÍÌ>20y8QVyz4yᳫ0ËÎÌ1wHC1=H++CFB.¾⊤☢ËÌQHC1_ᑖ;ÏÐᙠQÑÒHC11ᵯMHC.¾⊤☢ËÍÌQH+ÓÔ65xlPmol/LÕÖ¾Ḅ×Ô60.9g/cm3D.¾⊤☢ËÎÌØHC1ᑖ;ூJᫀ௃BூM᪆௃ூOM௃A.HC11¦ᵯMHQᙠḄᵯhBÙh;4Úh;Qᵯh1HC1=H++CQᦑA/0SB.HC1ÛᵯhQHC11ᵯMHQᦑB┯aSC.¾⊤☢ËÍÌQÚᓄÙஹḄᱥHḄÜÄ61:1000,ÖÚᓄÙḄᱥHḄ6Imol,ᑣḄᱥHḄ6lOOOmol,ᑣÀḄÞ6---------——~#-----------220cm3,ᡠ_¾⊤☢ËÍÌQ900g/cm……Q0.1mol,“H+ÓÔ6-------=5x103moi/L,ᦑC/0S20LD.᪷âºÂQ¾⊤☢ËÎÌØHC1ᑖ;QᦑD/0S⌱B஺29.ᡃäḄ«᛻å¼H᪗æå¼SO2ḄÓÔ▲è᝞⊤ᡠÂ஺᪗±éé᪗Íé᪗Îé᪗ÓÔ▲mgm-30-0.150.15-0.500.50-0.70$êëìå¼SO2:Ḅíî.᝞+wᵨNaOHÀᔾᦈ2m3Ḅå¼Qᵨñò⏚ó⁚pHõᵨLÀ¥ÉÀö÷Q$øាúᐰö÷ûüὑL2.54mg஺þÿ
1SO2NaOHᡂNa2so3HO2

262SO+I+HO=SO+2H++2122ᑡᩈḄA.ាᐰὑLḄᱥḄlxlO-5molB.ᔾᦈḄ#$SO2Ḅ0.64mgC.%&'(ḄᱥḄ2xlO-5molD.)#$᪵+SO2Ḅ,-.ᑮ012᪗4ூ6ᫀ௃Dூ9᪆௃ூ;9௃A.2.54mgLḄᱥḄ2.54mg+254mg/mmol=0.01mmoLBPlxlO'5mol,ᦑA=>;B.᪷A2,0.01mmolLὑ0.01mmolSO,᪷ABCឤᔾᦈḄ#$ḄSO2ḄᱥḄ0.01mmol,O.Olmmolx64mg/mmol=0.64mg,ᦑB=>C.᪷A2,lxl0-5moiLEᡂ2xl6moir,ᑣ%&'1GḄᱥḄ2x105mo1,ᦑC=>D.᪷ABḄHIJK2m3Ḅ#$SO2Ḅ0.64mg,ᑣIn?Ḅ#$SO2Ḅ0.32mg,ᡠM)#$᪵+SOḄ,-.ᑮ0N2᪗4ᦑD┯P2ᦑ⌱D஺SNTᑖV#⚪
ᐳ20ᑖY30.Z[\]H᝞_`abᫀMᑖcNaClBaCbdefghᔠᱥj6ᑡk⚪lPHmnopḄqrজ◞uvwᰦᑺ2-z⌱{ᑺ|ṑ~᦮AgNCh&'ஹNa2s04&'ஹNa2cCh&'ஹ⏚ஹHNCh&'
1Y{ᑺaGfgA
Vᓄ\Yᵫ'fgASiiḄb—o
2{ᑺb—,vᐭ{ᑺbḄcbG஺
3᝞KBfgCEᨵḄᩖG஺
40)¡¢hᔠᱥNaClḄᑖᦪ¤[\ᙠ`a¦§0hᔠᱥḄ¨◤⌕§GḄ஺a.fgAb.Bc.fgCூ6ᫀ௃
IজNa2cCh&'ঝ.NaClঞ.®Jᨔ

27(2)জ.⏚ঝ.BaCO3+2H+=Ba2++H2O+CO2T(3)Na+(NaCl)(4)cூ9᪆௃ூᑖ᪆௃ᐜÁhᔠᱥ&9ᑮ&'A,vᐭÃNa2cCh&'Ã%BaCCh,'&NaClNazCCh,⏚ÆpH⏚ᓄ%Na2cChÈᓄNaCl,É®JᨔNaClfgBaCChḄÊḄË▬ḼḄNaClNa2cCh,ÉÃÎÏḄBaCCh,vᐭÃ⏚®JᨔBaCbfg;ூÑk1;9௃{ᑺaNa2co3fgANaClᵫ'fgASiiḄb®JᨔூÑk2;9௃{ᑺb⏚BaCCh⏚ḄcbBaCO3+2H+=Ba2++HO+CO3T2ூÑk3;9௃᝞KBaCCh⊤☢×▬ḼNaClNa2co3,%ØNa2cO3×⏚ᡂNaCl,ᦑᨬ%fgCEᨵḄᩖNa'(NaCl)ூÑk4;9௃NaClNaClḄᑖᦪ=Û.ÜÝX100%,áfgAᡠNaClᨵGTᑖᩭãäNa2cCh⏚ᦑm(fhᔠᱥgANaCl)>m(hᔠᱥNaCl),ᑣ⌕ççᡠBaCbḄÉHIm(hᔠᱥNaCl)=m(hᔠᱥ)-m(BaC12),ᦑ⌱c஺31.NazChGeé⌕Ḅêᓄᑺzêᑺ஺(G)ẆìNazChíḄ஺îG¡NazCh,vᐭïḄíᐙᑖ஺(1)NazChḄᵯGḄᓄ\bGo(2)ᦈòó)ᡂ02ḄgôõgôÑäᳮ÷HIø஺ZÑùẆìúûGüýḄ¢þÿ᝞஺▅ᧇ•a.ᓄḄᙠ!ᑖ#i.Na2O2+2HO=2NaOH+HO222ii.NaO2+HO=NaOH+NaHO222b.H2O2,-.NaHCh1ᙠMnO?5ᓄḄᩩ7ᑖ#8ᡂ஺2MnO,2NaHO2NaOH+O2T2

28MnCh5ᓄH2O2ᑖ#Ḅᓄ=>?@ঝBCᧇDE᝞F0.02molNa2C>2LM.140sQRST8UV.180sQᔣᡠZ[\]ᐭ_MMnCh,`ᓽT8b⁐Ud஺[\Ḅdefghi40mL஺pHlᓄmᡠn஺জpqr=᪷CpHḄlᓄᑨuvwx8ii,ᑨuḄᳮᵫ@v஺᪷C140s-180sḄpHE|}[\ḄcOH-i0.6mol/L,ᑣQᑁ[\nNaHC>2i஺ঞᵫZ}Ḅ@v஺NazChU᧕l஺pqᔠvḄẆDE᝞wḄNa2O2Ḅ஺ᔣᘤ]ᐭvwMḄ᪵.—.S]ᐭLMḄ.ᦈT8ḄUd¡Mdeᢚᔠᑮ᪗¥¦§.E|ᓄḄ஺3⊡ᐰ>ᫀ஺4,-.¬⏚1ᓄx8,-.®ᵨM¬⏚[\°±>ᫀḄvwMḄ.ᐸ³wᩩ7Rl.ᑣM´µ—¶“¸ᜧ”ஹ"¸p”ᡈ"Rl”஺2-MnO,ூ¿ᫀ௃1©.Na+OO+ঝ.2Na2O2+2H2O=4NaOH+O2T2জ.2Â02^^Na2HO+Otঝ.180sÅ[\pHÆᜧ.ÇÈ]ᐭMnO2Åᨵ0Ê8ᡂ.ᡠvwx8Ëiiঞ.220.016molট.ᓄx8Ëii@ᦈᑮOḄdepÍᳮE|ÎḄÏÐÑv23]ᐭ_MMnO?4¸ᜧூ#᪆௃ூpÓ1Ô#௃NazCh@ÕÖᓄᔠᱥ.ᵯÖ?@NaᓝOONa+ÚNa?஺?Û8ᡂÜᓄÛU.Ḅᓄ=>?@2Na2O2+2HO=4NaOH+O2tÚ2ூpÓ2Ô#௃

29MnO2MnCh5ᓄH2O2ᑖ#8ᡂÛU.Ḅᓄ=>?@2HO2=^2HO+O2T»22জ180sÅ[\pHÆᜧ.ÇÈ]ᐭMnChÅᨵ0±8ᡂ.ᡠpqr=᪷CpHḄlᓄᑨuvwx8ii«᪷C140s-180sḄpHE|}[\Ḅc(OH-)i0.6mol/L,n(OH)-n(NaOH)=0.6mol/Lx0.04L=0.024mol,᪷CᐗÞßឤ,Qᑁ[\n(NaHO)=0.02molx2-0.024mol=0.016molo2ঞᵫZ}Ḅ@ᓄx8Ëii@ᦈᑮ஺2ḄdepÍᳮE|ÎḄÏÐÑv஺ூpÓ3Ô#௃NaHChஹH2O2ᙠMnCh5ᓄḄᩩ7ᑖ#8ᡂO2,iáâUãᐰä}.ᔣᘤ]ᐭvwMḄ᪵.]ᐭ_MMnCh,S]ᐭLMḄ.ᦈT8ḄUd¡Mde(ᢚᔠᑮ᪗¥¦§).E|ᓄḄ஺ூpÓ4Ô#௃®ᵨM¬⏚[\°±>ᫀḄvwMḄ.¬⏚ç⏚ä}ᓄç.8ᡂUdḄde¸ᜧ.ᐸ³wᩩ7Rl.ᑣM´µ¸ᜧ஺