福建省龙岩某中学2022-2023学年高一上学期开学考试化学试题(含详解)

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bḄc⏚Ḅᱥ`Ḅa;0.25mol,ᦑDᦑfᫀ⌱C஺9.lᳮIᓄmRᵨḄopqWTᑡlᳮḄA,⏚r]ᨵ[ᐗtᡠv]ᨵ[ᐗtḄᓄᔠᱥ6>I⏚B.wឋyz{|}~zᡠv{|}~zḄyz6>ᕈwឋC.⏚w89ᨵ^ᡂᡠvᨵ^ᡂḄ896>I⏚w89D.⏚⏚89\ᡠv⏚89\Ḅᱥ`6>I⏚ூfᫀ௃Bூi᪆௃ூki௃A.ᵯ□rI[Ḅᓄᔠᱥ;⏚ᡠv⏚r]ᨵ[ᐗt]ᨵ[ᐗtḄᓄᔠᱥ6>I⏚᝞w⏚BᦑA┯DB.}~z⍗wឋyzᡠv{|}~zḄyz6>ᕈwឋᦑB஺C.89ᡂ^Iᡂ^Ḅ896>I89᝞bᓄ⏚89ᡂ^I89ᦑc┯D14⚓/ᐳ29⚓

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15ூLJ௃A.Cu(0H)2q¹0ᓄᱥ(Yº⏚_`»¢+(¼½j(AiB.CuᐗḄᓄᱥ(ᐸCuᐗᓄᔠ+1(ᑣÃᓄᱥᓄCsO,BiC.Cuᙠ¹dឋ⊤ÈjHḄ®É(¼½fYH2s04x¢_`»¢CuSO4,CiD.CuS040ᓄ£x¢ÍᑖJ_`¢ᡂCu(OH”Na2so4,Diᦑᔠᳮ⌱⚗qC஺13.ᙠ!ÔஹᱥSḄ%Õ3Ḅn⏚£ஹn⏚0£(ᑖ⌲××)Õ3Ḅ⏚ØfÙᨵÚᓄn1!y(>ᑡaḄq()A._`ÛÜÝᐰB.»¢ÚᓄnḄS%C.n⏚£»¢ḄÚᓄnS%ᜧD,ßὑ⏚Ḅ!ÔூGᫀ௃BூJ᪆௃ூᑖ᪆௃n⏚£⏚_`ḄᓄáâNa2co3+2HCl=2NaCl+H2O+CO2T(n⏚0£⏚_`ḄᓄáâNaHCO+HCl=NaCl+HO+CO2To32ூLJ௃A.n⏚£ᐜèᱥSḄ%⏚_`¢ᡂn⏚0£(¢ᡂḄn⏚0£Ù⏚_`¢ᡂÚᓄn(¼½éêᑮ)ᐭ⏚DëìíîïðÛÜ(ñ®ᨵ1ò¢ᡂ(ón⏚0£ôᓽ⏚_`¢ᡂÚᓄn(¼½öᑮ)ᐭ⏚ô÷ᨵ1ò¢ᡂ(ᦑA┯ViB.᪷«ᓄáâ(!ÔஹᱥSḄ%Õ3Ḅn⏚£ஹn⏚0£»¢ḄÚᓄnḄᱥSḄ%(ᦑS%(ᦑBiC.᪷«B⚗ᑖ᪆¬(!ÔஹᱥSḄ%Õ3Ḅn⏚£ஹn⏚0£»¢ḄÚᓄnḄᱥSḄ%(ᦑC┯ViD.᪷«ᓄáâ(!ÔஹᱥSḄ%Õ3Ḅn⏚£ஹn⏚0£ßὑḄ⏚ḄᱥSḄ%f(¼½!Ôøf(ᦑD┯ViGᫀ⌱B஺14.NH3ḄᔠᡂDùúûüýᓄþÿᐗ
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19”ᑁ=Ḅ>?=ᑖA⌕ᡂᑖDEFGHEFGH./IJ“ᜩᯠ”ᡈ"ᔠᡂ”NOᑖPᩞᧇ஺J3NSᢈᝍUVWᕒᡠZḄ⊟\)]ᨵ_`abcᩞᧇ•6ᵯf_`abcᩞᧇghijkOcl,nopq_`aḄrcឋt—ឋ஺J4NugᝍUDqvwVWᕒḄxᐰᨵᦔ{|}~Ḅᔜ✂tᙢᐭ□ᙳᨵugᘤ⏨“ᡚᵨ”஺ᵨḄᵨ./ឋᱥᨬᵨᵨ75%ḄIJ¤¥N¦§¨©஺ூ«ᫀ௃J1N®¯iᱥ°ᨵ±²v³c´ᜧJ2Nজ.ᜧ®.10.ঞ.ᔠᡂJ3NrᵯJ4N⏀º»¼ூ½᪆௃ூ¿1À½௃Á)t´᣸ÃÁÄᔾᦈÁᢝÈ᎝ÁᜧÊËÌD®ᧇḄÍÎÊË®¯iᱥ°ᨵ±²v³c´ᜧ2ூ¿2À½௃☘Ðᔠ0ᐸÒÓÐᜧ2ấ./10.ᐗ%2EFGH./ᔠᡂOᑖPᩞᧇ2ூ¿3À½௃6ᵯf_`abcᩞᧇghijkOclopq_`aḄrcឋtrᵯឋ2ூ¿4À½௃ᵨḄᵨ./ឋᱥᨬᵨᵨ75%Ḅ⏀º¦§¨©஺20.ÔᜩᕒÕÖÈᙠ“ᜩØÙᚪ”)ÛÜqÝÞß)Ḅjàᙠáâãq±ᳫåËᳫæIçᑡé⏙ëìḄíî஺I.“ᜩØ’')±tòËḄᨬᜧᓄᑭᵨvwjàḄõ⌕ö÷஺᝞ùÝÞßúᵨûüýᑭᵨþÿ஺21⚓/ᐳ29⚓

20(1)“ᜐᳮ”ᵨᐸᡂᑖᑖ!஺"#᪷%&ᔜᡂᑖḄ—*+ᑖ!Ḅ஺(2)“,ᵯ.”/012Ḅᵯ᩽45ᵯ6Ḅ7᩽(8“9”ᡈ"<”)஺=0>4Ḅᓄ@ABC7o(3)ᙠ,GᓄHᵨI1(Ch)LMHI1ᙠ7NᩩPQRᓄC12Ḅᓄ@ABC(4)ᙠ7NᩩPQH“⃬U™W>4ᘤ”YZ◀\C02,_>4Ḅᓄ@ABC7஺II.bcdef⁐hᧇjᐭ,ᳫH᦮n,ᳫoᡂf⁐Hepqᱏsᐭ,ᳫH/0ᜧu2pᔣw☢y᡽ᦣHᐙ}᦮n,ᳫ஺2~*H,ᳫᩭᜧ஺(5)pqᱏᙠ,=0᝞Q>4H3c6H5O7+3NaHCCh=Na3c6HQ7+3H2O+3(⊡ᐰᓄ@AB)஺(6)᝞ᙠᜫ᝱QᦈᑴḄ12HYZ⌱ᵨQᑡ£¤Ḅ7(8¥¦).22⚓/ᐳ29⚓

21ூ¨ᫀ௃(1)«¬(2)জ.9ঝ.2H2O®ᵯ2H2f+02T7NᩩP(3)203302(4)CO2+4H2=—CH4+2H2O(5)C0(6)D2ூ.᪆௃ூ°±1².௃“ᜐᳮ''ᵨ´ᐸᡂᑖᑖ!஺"#᪷%&ᔜᡂᑖḄḄ«¬*+ᑖ!Ḅµூ°±2².௃“,ᵯ.“H¶ᵯ·9᩽¸5Ḅᵯ᩽C□᩽µ¶ᵯ·<᩽¸5Ḅᵯ᩽C▢᩽஺ᙠ□᩽»,ᵯ!/0Ḅ0H-ᜫ\ᵯoC02⍎µᙠ▢᩽»H+ᑮᵯ¾¿À/0H2,ᦑ/0®ᵯ12Ḅᵯ᩽45ᵯ6Ḅ9᩽µÂ>4ABC2H2஺2H2T+O2Tூ°±3².௃ᙠ,GᓄHᵨI1(03)LMHI1ᙠ7NᩩPQRᓄC12H᪷%ÀÃឤY_7NᩩP>4Ḅᓄ@ABC2037y302ூ°±4².௃᪷%ÅYÆᙠ7NᩩPQH“⃬U™W>4ᘤ”CCh¶H2>4/0CH4ஹHO,ÈÉ2YZ◀\C02,᪷%ᵯÃឤஹÀÃឤHY_>4Ḅᓄ@ABCCO2+4H27NᩩPCH4+2H2Oூ°±5².௃᪷%⚪ËÌÆÍÎHYÆᙠpqᱏᙠ,=0>4H᪷%ABÌÆᱥÐHÑᔠÐuÃឤNÓHYÆ/0ḄᱥпÔÕC022~µூ°±6².௃᝞ᙠᜫ᝱QᦈᑴḄ12HÖ*×ᵨØÙḄ᣸2ᡈ᣸,ᦈHÉ4_ᵨÛÜᦈÝHᦑᔠᳮ⌱⚗#D஺21.´ᐗà×áᡂMnOஹMnChஹMmChâMgO4ãäå1ᓄᱥHᐸMmCU#⌕ḄÑ᪀ᩞᧇ஺éêᵨë⏚í(MnSCU)ᑴᜓMmO4ḄïA᝞23⚓/ᐳ29⚓

22(1)“ðñ”>4#MnSO4+2NH3«H2O=Mn(OH)2µ+(NH4)2SO4o_>4ö÷øùC.(2)ᑏ“ûü”ᡠü&Ḅ7åᵨ⌶:(3)Mn(0H)2“ᡭ”ᑴᡂ“ᓄ”᳛Ḅ(4)“ᓄ”Mn(0H)2!"#$Ḅ#ᙠ60࠷ᩩ)*+ᡂMmO4,0Ḅᓄ12345(5)789:;<=ᱥ$═ᐗABCᑖᦪᩭGH=ᱥᡂᑖ஺"ᓄ'’ᡠN;<=ᱥ$OᐗABCᑖᦪP7"#QḄRᓄ᝞TᡠU஺镒元素质量分数%জ7"#8YZ[ᡠN;<\]ᐰ_5MmOg,Ga0bcḄdeঝ7"#g88Y=ᱥ$hᐗABCᑖᦪiYḄj஺ூlᫀ௃(1)pᑖq(2)rst(3)wᜧyᓄ═!#z{☢}on°p(4)6Mn(OH)+O=2MnO4+6HO2232(5)জ.Mn3C>4$═ᐗAḄBCᑖᦪ572%ঝ._ᑖMmCUᓄ5᝱Ḅ═Ḅᓄᱥ(ᡈ_ᑖMgCUᓄ5MnO«MnO2)23ூq᪆௃ூᑖ᪆௃MnSCU!NH3-H2஺+pᑖq=+Mn(0H)2ᯠMn(0H)28“ᡭ”ᑴᡂᐸᓄR5MmCU,Q8ᓄR5MnChஹMmCh£ᱥB஺ூY¤1¥q௃“”MnSO+2NHH2O=Mn(OH)¦+(NH)SO4»0Ḅ¨©ª«5pᑖq43242¦¬24⚓/ᐳ29⚓

23ூY¤2¥q௃“8”ᡠN$±ᨵ³⏚µ³⏚¶$±ᨵsᐗA·¸ᵨrst¦ூY¤3¥q௃Mn(0H)2“ᡭ”ᑴᡂ“ᓄ”᳛Ḅwᜧºyᓄh!#Ḅz{☢}»ூY¤4¥q௃“ᓄ”Mn(OH”!"#$Ḅ#ᙠ60࠷ᩩ)*+ᡂMgCM,0Ḅᓄ123580࠷6Mn(OH)+O2MI13O4+6H2O;22ூY¤5¥q௃জ7"#8YZ[ᡠN;<\]ᐰ_5MmCU஺Ga0bcḄde¾ᐗAḄᓄᱥ$Mn3O4$¿ᐗAḄBCᑖᦪᨬzÁ72%,7"#8YZ[ᡠN;<$OᐗABCᑖᦪᨬzÁ72%,·\]ᐰ_5MnO34;ঝ7"#g88Y=ᱥ$╎ᐗABCᑖᦪiYḄMmOÃÄÅÆᓄᡂMnO>2MmCh£ᱥB஺22.¶Ç(FeOOH)Ê⌕ḄᓄÌ=Í஺ÎÏẆYÑᙠÒÓÔÕÖ¶ÇᑴᜓẆØ஺85࠷ÙÚ»জ¶Çᑴᜓᳮ4FeSO4+O2+6H2஺4FeOOHJ+4H2so4஺ঝ5ßÕ+ᡂḄ¶Çᨵà+ÒÓ◤ᐭãCÙᑴ¶Çr5ᨔå஺(1)FeOOH⊤U5xFe2Oi,yH2O,ᐸ$j=஺y(2)¶êᜐᳮ»ìj:C¶êᵨí³⏚◀ï⊤☢¶┤஺0◀┤Ḅᓄ12345(3)ᑴᜓ¶Ç»ᙠ᝞TᡠUñòḄó⚠õöᑁÕÖᑴᜓ஺øùj»ᐭj:C◀┤Ḅú¶êøùû»ᐭ±ᨵãC¶ÇᨔåḄ;¬25⚓/ᐳ29⚓

24
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25(2)ᵬ⏚ᙠÏᓄᑺ<ᵨçᑖsᡂH2C02,H2C02ḄᑖVᦪE>஺(3)ᵬ⏚ᐹᨵèGḄȵéKᳮêëᵬ⏚ȵéKE>஺(ᵬ⏚ȵém(H,)K=“íîTTஹX100%ñᵨòᑖᦪ⊤²óᶇ>õ%ᦪ)m(HCOOH)in.ᵬ⏚ÏᓄᑖHᱥḄøùú´জûrᩩç£Ḅ£üýÃᑖVᦪ஺ঝᵬ⏚◀ᑖEH2CO2᜜
ᢥ᝞ᑖHCOOH=CO?+H2O(4)᪷ᵬ⏚ᑖᳮᱥḄᡂᑖᙠ%&ᨵ()H2*CO2+CO+-(.ᓄ0)஺(5)%&3ᵬ⏚4ᓄᑖᡠ6789ᨵ:;<=ᓄ>?@ḄAB஺CDᩩFᙠ<=ᓄ>?@ᔾᦈIJ6KLᵬ⏚ᑖMNOPḄᐵR᝞S஺minজ78<=ᓄ>?@JKUVḄWX-(ᵨᓄ0Z⊤\)஺ঝᵬ⏚4ᓄᑖᡠ6ᱥḄ^⌕ᡂᑖ`-(.ᓄ0)஺ூbᫀ௃(1)fg(2)11(3)4.3%(4)COஹH2ஹCO2(5)®.CO2+2NaOH=NaCO+H2Oঝ.H2ஹCO232ூ᪆௃ூVp1q௃rsHtH2u4ᓄᑺMNKHCO3fHeOOK,{ᐗ}ᵫ+4f`+2,MNIJ{ᐗ}Ḅᓄᔠfg+ூVp2q௃ᵬ⏚ᙠ4ᓄᑺuᵨᑖᡂH2*COz,MN`HCOOHmHT+COT.ᦑH2*CO2??Ḅᑖᦪ`11;ூVp3q௃2HCOOH-H2,ᵬ⏚;<=——xl00%=4.3%+4627⚓/ᐳ29⚓

26ூVp4q௃ᱥᡂᑖᙠ%&`@ᦑᱥᨵ()*CO?COCO,ஹC02ூVp5q௃⏚ᑖᡠ6C02¡ᔾᦈNaOH,KUVMN`CO2+2NaOH=Na2CCh+H2C4᝞Sᵬ⏚4ᓄᑖᡠ6K¢£ᔾᦈJUV`ᩭḄ50%,ᦑMN^⌕¥HCOOHᔳH2T+CO2T6ᱥḄ^⌕ᡂᑖ`H2ஹCO„228⚓§29⚓