2022-2023学年广东省八年级(上)开学数学试卷(含解析)

2022-2023学年广东省八年级(上)开学数学试卷(含解析)

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时间:2023-04-15

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3....O.....郑..............(2)ᩩ-ÛÜO⊡ᐙá᦮fO.(3)᪥§¨©åᦪæᑖ᪆èÜÌÍéÖ×Ḅᡠᨵ§¨ê⚶·¸ḄÉᱥìíî200.鼠.vᵨê⚶.æðèñ᪥18000ò§¨ê⚶·¸ḄÉᱥìî¶óvÉᵨê⚶ô..20.(6⚪10.0ᑖ)蒯᝞OCஹEஹFஹBᙠ¬êPAB//CD,AE=DF,AEB=LDFC.I-£-.(1)¤!ABE=^DCF.郑.(2)R|4=45஺4c=30஺¤482DḄ]ᦪ...feO热...祖..邮摒21.(6⚪10.0ᑖ)...6¬§ᙠ4ஹBõö÷ª«øùVḄÔúûTüᒹḄᓫÿ氐.....ᒹᓫ452ᐗḄᓫᒹᓫḄ48ᐗ...姆..冰.(1)Ḅᒹᓫᔜ"ᐗ#.O(2)Ꮇ%&'ᖪ)*+,├./014ᡠᨵᖪ4ᡭ6ᢚ├8018ᐰ:;ᱥ=100..ᐗ?;ᱥᑶ30ᐗ├8(;ᱥ=100ᐗ?;ᱥᑶ30ᐗ;ᱥ=200ᐗ?;ᱥᑶ60ᐗC..DEFGHI100ᐗH?ᑶ;ᱥᑶJKᵨ).Mᨵ400ᐗNOPQᑮSM.氐STᒹᔩ#VP⌱XᙠZS);Q[ḕN...22.(^⚪12.0ᑖ).....ᙠaABCAB=2,BC=4,CDLAB^D......(1)᝞gজij4EJLBCnE,opCD=2AE..O(2)᝞gঝPst4cvwxSy(PHzAஹC|ᔠ)~PPE1BCE,PF1AB..nF,op2PE+PF=CDG4⚓ᐳ18⚓

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6»pV/.CAD=ABAE,Z.CAD+DAB=Z-BAE+Z.DAB,Z.CAB=/.DAE,5L-AC=AD,.•.ùDE=CBúHPᑨÑaABCûa”£>,ᦑ⌱⚗4ÿᔠ⚪4c=ND4BCwz\4EDG4SA),ᦑ⌱⚗Bᔠ⚪ᨴB=4EZkABC!AED(SAS),ᦑ⌱⚗Cᔠ⚪48=NEAABC^AAED(AAS),ᦑ⌱⚗஺ᔠ⚪ᦑ⌱%A.᪷'⚪()*ᑮNC/W=41ME,AC^AD,ᯠ/0ᑖ23ᔜ5⌱⚗6Ḅᩩ9ᑏ;<ᔲᑨ?4ABCAED,<ᑨ?Ḅᑏ;@'ᓽ(.C⚪ὃEᐰG!HIḄᑨJKLC⚪ḄᐵNOPQᐰG!HIḄᑨJRS.6.ூLᫀ௃DK%XজজZঝx2*(k+4)y=4,K*y=`\x-2y={2)ᓄ+4bᐭঝ*x=d>o••hRijḄKklᦪᓽ,—>0\k+4pk+4>0,K*k>—4.ᦑ⌱%D.q᝕stu⊤w;xஹyḄz0᪷'xஹyklᦪ{;kḄ|z~ᓽ(.C⚪ὃEḄOKpᐗZRijḄRSᙠKhRij⌕qkstu⊤w;᜜5uᦪ0᪷'⚪6ᡠḄᩩ9ᑡ;Gj{;kḄ|z~ᓽ(.7.ூLᫀ௃CK%••Z5lI5ᑁH᜜HḄᦪk3%1,5᜜HO%஺ᑣᑁHO3x஺᪷'⚪*%x+3%=180°.K*%x=45°,360஺+45஺=8()ᦑ⌱%C.

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8ZD=45°,ᑭᵨ!HI᜜HḄឋÁ(*ÇÈ.C⚪É⌕ὃE¢!HIḄᑁH¡Jᳮ¾¦¿ḄឋÁJᳮ¡᜜HḄឋÁ{;4஺ḄᦪOKC⚪ḄᐵN.10.ூLᫀ௃AK%জ•••48஺¡4CDEO5ᐰGḄG!HI•••CA=CB=CD=CE,Z.ACB=60°,4DCE=60°,Z.ACE=60°,4ACD=4BCE=120°,ᙠ4஺஺¡4BCE6(CA=CB(Z.ACD=BCE,{CD=CE•••,ACD^^BCE(SAS),ᦑজlQঝ•••,ACD=^BCE,•Z.CDA=CEB,MFN=Z.EDF+FED=Z.EDF+FEN+NED="DE+NED=120°,ᦑঝlQঞ•••,ACD=^BCE,•Z,CDA=CEB,vCA=CD,:.Z.CDA=CAD,:.CEB=/-CAD,ᙠÊECM6ZCAN=Z.CEMAC=EC,zACN=ECMACN"ECM(ASA),ᦑঞlQট•••,ACN=^ECM,CN=CM,vMCN=60°,••CMNkG!HIᦑটlQÇÍlQḄᨵজঝঞটᐳ45ᦑ⌱%A.

9........জ᪷'G!HIḄឋÁ*C4=CB=CD=CE,4ACB=60°,DCE=60°,ᑣOONACE=60°,ᑭᵨ“SAS”(ᑨ?4CD!BCE....ঝᵫACD=^BCE*ᑮNC/M=“BE,ᯠ/᪷'!HI᜜HJÒ()ᑨ?ঝlQ....ঞᵫÊBCE*ÓIJ/CZM=/.CEB,ᯠ/᪷'"ASA"ᑨ?ACNNABCM..ট᪷'ᨵZ5HO60ḄGῪ!HIOG!HIᓽ(Ö¦ᑨ?.郝郑..C⚪ὃE¢ᐰG!HIḄᑨJ¡ឋÁG!HIḄឋÁ¾¦¿ḄᑨJH¾ᑖ¿Ḅ..........JÒ×ØÙÚᐰG!HIḄឋÁOK⚪ḄᐵN.................OO11.ூLᫀ௃77-3....K%J(3-ᐔ)2=d(jt-3)2=7T—3-.鼠...ᦑLᫀO%7T-3...蒯p᪷ḄឋÁ%=a(a>0),᪷'p᪷ḄឋÁ()3Þᓄß.笈I-C⚪ὃEḄOp᪷ḄឋÁ¡ᓄà᪷'p᪷ḄឋÁ3bᦪÖ¦ᓄà....-.£......郑....12.ூLᫀ௃7.....氐K%q¶=3,y=2bᐭRi6x+by=32,*OO.6x3+2b=32,.热...â⚗72b=32-18,..祖...ᔠãäå⚗®ᦪᓄk1,*b=7.期摒邮æx=3,ç=2bᐭRi6ᑐ+Ê=32,quᦪéᓄkêuᦪᯠ/Kᐵëu®ᦪ......bḄRi...氐........C⚪ḄᐵNOæRiḄKbᐭìRiqᐵëíஹyḄRiéᓄkᐵë®ᦪbḄRi0.....姆.....冰..{;bᓽ(.OO....13.ூLᫀ௃130°....ூK᪆௃..ூᑖ᪆௃氐S.C⚪ὃE¢3⚔HG⊡HḄJÒOïẠ⚪×ñᭆóឋÁãôQ¯õOK⚪.......ḄᐵN........᪷'3⚔HG(*41=42,0{;41,ᯠ/᪷'⊡HḄJÒᑡö÷ᓽ(*K.....OூKL௃O...K%ᵫ3⚔HG(*41=42,....Â10⚓ᐳ18⚓...

10VZ.1+Z2=100°,•••Z1=50°,ABOC=180°-Z1=180°-50°=130°.ᦑLᫀk:130°.14.ூLᫀ௃50஺ᡈ130஺K%᝞õ1ᡠw%"AM,DNᑖ:;BCஹEFÞḄý,4cM¡4DFNᙳkÿ.•••ᙠRtACM^iRtDFN(AC=DF14M=DN'RtAACM^Rt,DFN(HL).@.4DFE=4ACB=50°.᝞2ᡠ"AM.DNᑖBCஹEF$%Ḅ'4cM)4DFNᙳ+.♦.•ᙠRtACM^RtDFN(AC=DF14M=DN'@.RtAACMARt,DFN(HL).•••4DFN=4ACB=50°.•••DFE=130°.ᦑ.ᫀ50஺ᡈ130஺.ᑖ2345জZMஹDN8ᙠᑁ:᪷<+ᐰ>Ḅᑨ@@ᳮ(HL)FG3RtACMRtDFN,IJFG3K4BC=NOEFMঝAMஹDNᨵP5ᙠḄ᜜:FRSRtACM^Rt,DFN,FTGWFN=/.ACM=60°,ᯠXFTG

11........NDFEḄYᦪ.OO[⚪ὃ^ᐰ>Ḅᑨ@_ឋa◤⌕deḄᑨ@@ᳮᒹgS4S,/MS,4s4,....SSS,HLh+Ḅᑨ@ijk444,SS4lmᑨ@ᐰ>ᑖn23op⚪Ḅ....ᐵr...郝郑....15.ூ.ᫀ]—7a,..........ᵫ3—2%>-1,Gx<2,......OO♦.ᐵvwḄl>xyz{Mᨵ95᦮ᦪp....♦•}95᦮ᦪpo-6,—5,—4»—3,—2,—1,0,1,2,.鼠...:.-7VCL4P6,..蒯ᦑ.ᫀ—7xy5l>xḄpᯠX᪷<ᐵvḄl>xyM[ᨵ95᦮..-.£......郑.ᦪpᓽFGᑮᐵvaḄl>xyᯠXTpᓽF........[⚪ὃ^pPᐗPl>xh:yiPᐗPl>xyḄ᦮ᦪpp.[⚪ḄᐵroS.氐OOpPᐗPl>xḄ...热.....祖.16.ூ.ᫀ௃..期摒邮p•••ᑖ/ABC,41cᑖN4C0,........•)•"CD=^ACD,4AIBD=^ABC,.氐...........K4]=K4]CD-Z-A^BD——/-ACDz.——ABC——Z.A,..姆....冰..OOᳮFG஻2=1஻1=Gi241,....•42022=|2022Z.i4,......,,,K4=m°,氐._mSo•••442022=22022.......ᦑ.ᫀk........᪷<ᑖḄឋaFGK...4⍝஺=["CD,"/O=[K48C,᪷<᜜ḄឋaFG.OO.K41=:K43ᓽFT3KḄ022......12⚓ᐳ18⚓...

12[⚪ὃ^ᑖḄឋaḄᔠ¡_᜜ឋa3K41)஻¢£Ḅop⚪Ḅᐵr.17.ூ.ᫀ௃pপ¥+4y=2©(2x-y=5ঝজ+ঝX4,Gllx=22,pGx=1,§x=1¨ᐭজG3+4y=2,pGy=-%(X=1ᑣ«yḄpv_1M\y--4(2)ᵫ-3(x—2)24-x,G%<1,ᵫ^^>%P1Gw<%ᑣl>xyḄp°<1,§l>xyḄp⊤ᙠᦪ²%᝞³P´,´J•A~02345ூp᪆௃(1)ᑭᵨ¸¹ºᐗTpᓽFM(2)ᑖT3P5l>xḄp᪷<»¼ᜧ¾ᜧஹ¿¾¿ஹᜧ¿¿ᜧ£ஹᜧᜧ¿¿lᑮ@l>xyḄp.[⚪ὃ^Ḅop{ᐗP«y)PᐗPl>xyÀT3P5l>xpoÁẠÃÄ“ᜧ¾ᜧM¿¾¿Mᜧ¿¿ᜧ£Mᜧᜧ¿¿lᑮ”ḄÇᑣop.È⚪Ḅᐵr.18.ூ.ᫀ௃p(1)É5஺+2ḄÊ᪷o3,3a+b-lḄËÌ᪷o4,•5a+2=27,3a4-Z?—1=16,•Q=5,b=2,cogḄ᦮ᦪ:ᑖc-3•(2)§a=5,b=2,c=3¨ᐭG3Q—b+c=16,@3a-b+cḄ᪷o±4.ூp᪆௃(1)ᑭᵨÊ᪷ḄkÎஹËÌ᪷ḄkÎஹÏᳮᦪḄÐËT3QஹbஹCḄÑM

13........(2)§aஹbஹcḄѨᐭ¨ᦪxT3ÑXÓPÔTG᪷ᓽF.OOÈ⚪ὃ^Ê᪷ḄkÎஹËÌ᪷ḄkÎஹÏᳮᦪḄÐËஹ᪷ḄkÎஹ¨ᦪ....xTÑ>ÄÕÖ×Ø⚪kdep.ÙÚÀÛËᓽF.......19.ூ.ᫀ௃(1)1000郝郑..(2)ᒕÞßḄàᦪoM1000-400-250-150=200,..........⊡᝞³M................OO.....鼠.....蒯笈I-...-.£......郑........(3)18000X^=3600(à)..OfeO.ä᪥18000æçèP⚶êëḄìᱥFî3600àìᵨP⚶...热...ூp᪆௃..祖p(1)}ïð^Ḅçᐳᨵ400+40%=1000(æ)M...ᦑ.ᫀ1000;期邮摒..(2)ò.ᫀ.....氐.......(3)ò.ᫀ.......姆.ூᑖ᪆௃..冰....OO(1)ᵨóᨵᒕḄàᦪ◀õᐸᡠᓰḄøᑖùᓽFM....(2)ᵨú^Ḅûàᦪ¹üᐸýnḄàᦪ23ᓽFM....(3)᪷<}ïð^ḄᡠᨵçèP⚶êëḄìᱥFõî200àᵨP⚶᪷<ᐰ᪥Ḅûà..ᦪo18000àᑡxÛËᓽF.氐S[⚪ὃ^ḄoᩩᡧḄᔠᵨḄ.......ᑮ⌕Ḅ⚪Ḅᐵ.ᩩ!"#ᙢ⊤&'()⚗+Ḅᦪ-.ᡧ......./01᧜3ᑖᓰ67Ḅ8ᑖ9ᜧ;......O20.ூ?ᫀ௃পCD:"AB//CD,O.@B=C,......F14⚓ᐳ18⚓...

14ᙠOPBEODCF,ZB=ZCZ.AEB=DFC,AE=DF..AABE=ADCF(AAS')(2)[•••OABE^ODCF,N஺=a4=45°,BFD=4C+4஺=30°+45°=75°.ூ᪆௃(1)ᑭᵨklmḄឋoZB=4C,pᑭᵨ44sCDAABE^ADCF.(2)ᑭᵨᐰs^tḄឋo4D=a4=45஺pᑭᵨ^t᜜tḄឋov?ᫀ.w⚪x⌕ὃz{ᐰs^tḄᑨ}~ឋoklmḄឋo^t᜜tḄឋosCDOABE=ADCF⚪Ḅᐵ.21.ூ?ᫀ௃[ᒹḄᓫxᐗḄᓫyᐗ᪷-⚪).☠஺?[Ḅᓫ360ᐗᒹᓫ92ᐗ.(2)ᙠ4~ᒹᔜ¢£◤¥¦§¨[452x80%=361.6(ᐗ)•••361.6<400,.••v¬⌱®4ᙠBvᐜ¥¦§¨360ᐗpᑭᵨᑮḄ90ᐗ°ᑶ²³2ᐗ§¨ᒹ6ᐳ¥¦§¨[362(ᐗ)•••362<400,´v¬⌱®ᙠB.,:362>361.6,ᙠ4¶ḕ¸.ூ᪆௃(1)ᒹḄᓫxᐗḄᓫyᐗ᪷-ᒹᓫ¹452ᐗv¬ᑡ'x+y=452,᪷-Ḅᓫ9ᒹᓫḄ4»¼8ᐗv¬ᑡ'y=4x-8,ὶ¾¿)ᡂᓽv⚪.(2)ᑖÂ᪷-├Ä4ஹB¿)Ḅ├ÄᫀÆ'ᡠ◤⌕Ḅ¸ᓽvÈ'ᑨÉ.ᦪᩭËÌÍÎÏÐÑÌÍÎw⚪ÒᦪÐÑÌÍÎḄÓÔ.⚪ᐵ⌕

15....⚪+ḄÕ᪷-⚪+Ö'Ḅᩩ£×'ᔠ〉ḄsÙᐵÚᑡ'pÛ.ᑭᵨOᐗ¢ÜÛḄÝᵨ⚪¢Þßàá⚪⌕Ö'2)sÙᐵÚâãᙢ×ᑮsÙᐵ..Úäᵨ⊤&'ᩭ⚪Ḅᐵ....22.ூ?ᫀ௃(1)CD[VCDLAB,AE1BC郑..■■S^=\AB-CD=\BC-AE,..ABC....•••AB=2,BC=4,......-x2xCD=-x4xAE,O22.@•CD=2AE..鼠...蒯(2)CD[᝞ঝ,ç0PB,ᑣS“BC=S^ABP+SABCPI.^AB-CD^AB-PF+lBC-PE,-£-..-AB=2,BC=4,郑..-x2xCD=-x2xPF4-ix4xP£',222.feCD=PF+2PE,O热.ᦑ2PE+PF=CD..祖..(3)[PF=CD+2PE,ᳮᵫ᝞á:邮摒᝞ঞ,ç0PB,îUSAABP=S448C+S&PBC...氐.111..^-AB.PF=-AB.CD-BC.PE,.+...姆..vAB=2,BC=4,冰..O.-.|x2xPF=|x2xCDix4xPE+(..ᓽPF=CD+2PE...ூ᪆௃(1)ᑖ¬48ஹBCðñðᑭᵨO48CḄ☢óḄ¿ô⊤&ᑡõ᦮ᳮᓽv.C.氐-E..(2)ç0PB,᪷-OABCḄ☢ósÌAABPABCPḄ☢óḄᯠøᑡõ᦮ᳮᓽv.....C......(3)È'ç0PB,ᯠø᪷-OABPḄ☢ósÌOABCḄ☢óAPBCḄ☢óḄ..Oᑡõ᦮ᳮᓽv..O.w⚪ᔠὃz{^tḄù¢)^tḄ☢óúᵨûᑡõ⊤&'ᩭᯠF16⚓ᐳ18⚓

16øpùüᦪ-ýᐭÿᡠ(2)(3)⚪ᑖᒘᡂ⚪Ḅᐵ☢⚪!ᵨḄ#$%◤'()*.23.ூ-ᫀ௃(1)123᪆5(2)জ3,47ঝNP=110°5ঞ3z_P=NB+2NC,ᳮᵫ3᪆.ூ᪆௃(1)127ᙠ=1>+ZC=180°-Z.AOC,zfi+zZ)=180°-zBOZ),••Z.AOC=BOD,:.+zC=zB4-zD7(2)7জ3;45ᦑ-ᫀJ73,45ঝMJKL“8MN”>ᨵNP+CDP=NC+/.CAP,NJKL“8MN”>ᨵP+4BAP=+4BDP,2"+4BAP+Z.CDP=Z.B+Z.C+/.CAP+BDP,■■AP,CPᑖQIRSᑖ4CABT4BCC,•••^BAP=/.CAP,CDP=LBDP,•1-2NP=Z.B+zC,,:ZB=100°,ZC=120°,•••4P=|(ZB+ZC)=1(100°+120°)=110°5ঞ34P=/B+2NC,ᐸᳮᵫ7•••4CAP=-ACAB,ACDP=-ACDB,3322AZ.BAP=-Z.CAB,(BDP=DCDB,33MJKL“8MN”>ᨵ4P+/CDP=4cAP,NJKL“8MN”>ᨵVP+4BAP=+NBDP•Zf-ZP=Z.CDP-CAP=1UCDB-4CAB),PEB=(BDP-BAP=j^CDB-CAB).2(zC-zP)=zP-zfi,:.3ᓃP=Z-B+2zC.(1)᪷XḄᑁTᓽ[\ᑮ^_5

17........(2)জ`4cJaḄ“8MN”ᨵ3L஺JKLḄ“8MN”ᨵ45OOঝ᪷XSᑖḄcd\ᑮNC4P=NBAP,BDP=CDP,i᪷XᑁTcᳮ....\jIJ/CAP+4c=NCOP+/P,/.BAP+ZP=Z.BDP+Z.B,klmn\jIj/C%....4P=4P—B,ᓽ4P=5(ZT+NB),ᯠsNC=120஺=100஺tᐭᓽ[;..郝郑ঞwঝḄ12#%᪵\ᑮ34P=ZB+2zC.......y⚪ὃ{|ᑁTcᳮ7ᑁT180஺.ὃ{|SᑖḄcd.......................OO.....鼠.....蒯笈I-...-.£......郑.........氐OO..热.....祖...期摒邮.........氐............姆.....冰..OO..........氐S...................OO.......}18⚓ᐳ18⚓...

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