2023届高三英语地市新题汇编专题03 阅读理解说明文 解析版

《2023届高三英语地市新题汇编专题03 阅读理解说明文 解析版》由会员上传分享，免费在线阅读，更多相关内容在教育资源-天天文库。

2023届高三英语地市级新题快递-一模考试专辑专题03阅读理解说明文解析版【2023广东深圳一模】Whenputtotests,beeshavelongprovedthatthey’vegotalotmoretoofferthanpollinating(授粉),makinghoneyandbeingloyaltoaqueen.Thehard-workinginsectscanchangetheirbehaviorwhenthingsseemdifficult,andnowsomescientistsfindthereisproofthattheyalsoliketoplay.ScientistsfromQueenMaryUniversityofLondonperformedanexperiment,inwhichtheysetupacontainerthatallowedbeestotravelfromtheirnesttoafeedingarea.Butalongtheway,thebeescouldchoosetopassthroughaseparatesectionwithsomesmallwoodenballs.Over18days,thescientistswatchedasthebees“wentoutoftheirwaytorollwoodenballsrepeatedly,despitenoapparentincentive(刺激)todoso.”Earlierstudieshaveshownthattheblackandyellowbugsarewillingtolearnnewtricksinexchangeforfoodorotherrewards.Inthiscase,togetridofexternalfactors,scientistsmadesurethebeeshadadaptedtotheirnewhomeandthattheirenvironmentwasstress-free.Thefindingsuggeststhatlikehumans,insectsalsointeractwithobjectsasaformofplay.Alsosimilartopeople,youngerbeesseemtobemoreplayfulthanadultbees.“Thisresearchprovidesastrongindicationthatinsectmindsarefarmorecomplicatedthanweimagine.Therearelotsofanimalswhoplayjustforthepurposeofenjoyment,butmostexamplescomefromyoungmammals(哺乳动物)andbirds,”saidLarsChittka,aprofessorofsensoryandbehavioralecologyatQueenMaryUniversityofLondon,wholedthestudy.Thestudy’sfirstauthor,SamadiGalpay,whoisaPhDstudentatQueenMaryUniversityofLondon,statesthatitismoreevidentthatbeesmaybecapableofexperiencingfeelings.“Theymayactuallyexperiencesomekindofpositiveemotionalstates,evenifbasic,likeotherlargeranimalsdo.Thisfindinghaseffectsonourunderstandingofthesenseandwelfareofinsects,which,consequently,encouragesustorespectandprotectwildlifeonEarthevermore,”shesays.8.Whatisthenewfindingaboutbees?A.Theyarefondofhavingfun.B.Theyarefaithfultothequeen.C.Theyareadaptabletochanges.D.Theyareskilledatrollingballs.9.Howdidscientistsremoveexternalinfluencesintheexperiment?A.Byteachingbeesnewtricks.B.Byrewardingbeeswithfood.C.Bymakingbeesfeelathome.D.Bybuildingnewhomesforbees.10.WhatareLarsChittka’swordsmainlyabout?A.Theformsofbees’interaction.B.Thecomplexityofbees’minds.C.Theexamplesofmammals’play.D.Thepurposeofmammals’enjoyment.11.WhatdoesSamadiGalpaysayaboutthestudyresult?学科网（北京）股份有限公司

1A.Itbacksuppriorunderstandingofinsects.BItrevealsreasonsforbees’positivefeelings.C.Itdrivesresearchonanimals’emotionalstate.D.ItcontributestowildlifeconservationonEarth.【答案】8.A9.C10.B11.D【解析】【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一项研究结果表明昆虫的思维比人类想象的复杂。这项研究对于保护昆虫有很大的作用。【8题详解】细节理解题。根据第一段第二句话“Thehard-workinginsectscanchangetheirbehaviorwhenthingsseemdifficult,andnowsomescientistsfindthereisproofthattheyalsoliketoplay.(这种勤劳的昆虫可以在困难的时候改变自己的行为，现在一些科学家发现有证据表明它们也喜欢玩耍)”可知，新的研究表明蜜蜂喜欢玩耍。故选A。【9题详解】推理判断题。根据第三段第二句话“Inthiscase,togetridofexternalfactors,scientistsmadesurethebeeshadadaptedtotheirnewhomeandthattheirenvironmentwasstress-free.(在这种情况下，为了摆脱外部因素，科学家们确保蜜蜂已经适应了他们的新家，并且他们的环境没有压力)”可推知，为了消除外部因素，他们让蜜蜂适应新家，让他们有了家的感觉，从而对环境感觉不到压力。故选C。【10题详解】细节理解题。根据第四段LarsChittka说的话“Thisresearchprovidesastrongindicationthatinsectmindsarefarmorecomplicatedthanweimagine.Therearelotsofanimalswhoplayjustforthepurposeofenjoyment,butmostexamplescomefromyoungmammals(哺乳动物)andbirds,(这项研究有力地表明，昆虫的思维远比我们想象的复杂。有很多动物只是为了享乐而玩耍，但大多数例子来自于年轻的哺乳动物和鸟类)”可知，LarsChittka的话表明了昆虫的思维非常复杂。故选B。【11题详解】细节理解题。根据最后一段SamadiGalpay所说的话“Thisfindinghaseffectsonourunderstandingofthesenseandwelfareofinsects,which,consequently,encouragesustorespectandprotectwildlifeonEarthevermore.(这一发现对我们理解昆虫的感觉和福利产生了影响，从而鼓励我们更加尊重和保护地球上的野生动物)”可知，该研究结果有助于保护地球上的野生动物。故选D。【2023广东梅州一模】Onthewaytohishomethechildturnedmanytimesandbeatthedog,declaringwithchildishgesturesthatheheldhimincontempt(茂视）asanunimportantdog.thedogapologizedforbeingthisqualityofanimalandexpressedregretinfineform,buthecontinuedstealthilytofollowthechild.Whenthechildreachedhisdoor-step,thedogwasafewyardsbehind,movingslowlytowardhim.Hebecamesoanxiouswithshamewhenhoagainfacedthechildthatheforgotthedraggingrope.Hetripped(绊倒）uponitandfellforward.学科网（北京）股份有限公司

2Thechildsatdownonthestepandthetwohadanotherinterview.Duringitthedoggreatlyexertedhimselftopleasethechild.Heperformedafewplayfuljumpswithsuchabandon(尽情地）thatthechildsuddenlysawhimtobeavaluablething.Hemadeaswift,greedycharge(猛冲）andseizedtherope.Hedraggedhiscaptive(俘虏）intoahallandupmanylongstairwaysinadarkbuilding.Thedogmadewillingefforts,buthecouldnotwalkveryskillfullyupthestairsbecausehewasverysmallandsoft,andatlastthepaceofthechildgrewsoenergeticthatthedogbecamepanic-stricken.Inhismindhewasbeingdraggedtowardsomewhereunknown.Hisayesgrewwildwiththeterrorofit.Hebegantowigglehisheadwildlyandtobracehislegs.Thechildredoubledhisefforts.Theyhadabattleonthestairs.Thechildwasvictoriousbecausehewascompletelyabsorbedinhispurpose,andbecausethedogwasverysmall.Hedraggedhisacquirementtothedoorofhishome,andfinallywithvictoryacrossthedoorway.Nofamilymemberwasin.Thechildsatdownonthefloorandmadeoverturesto(向....示好）thedog.Thesethedoginstantlyaccepted.Hesmiledwithaffectionuponhisnewfriend.Inashorttimetheywerefirmandabiding(矢志不渝的）comrades.8.Whatmighthavehappenedbeforethefirstparagraph?A.Thechildhadwantedtoownthedogforalongtime.BThedoghadbeensomeoneelse'spetbutlosthisway.C.Thechildhadbeenlookingforthelostdogforalongtime.D.Thedoghadbeendrivenoutofhomebythechild'sfamily.9.Whatdirectlymadetheboychangehismind?A.Thedog'sapology.B.Hisfirstinterviewwiththedog.C.Hispityonthedog.D.Thedog'spleasingperformance.10.Whatcanweknowfromparagraph4and5?A.Theboywasnaughty.B.Thedogwasfoolish.C.Theboywasadevotedfriend.D.Thedogwasafaithfulfriend.11.Whichofthefollowingbestdescribethechangeofthedog'sfeeling?A.Frightened-relieved-anxious-happy.B.Worried-angry-scared-delighted.C.Guilty-anxious-nervous-pleased.D.Angry-regretted-scared-puzzled.【答案】8.B9.D10.A11.C【解析】【分析】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了小狗走失后偶遇一个男孩，最终成功跟随小男孩回家的故事。【8题详解】学科网（北京）股份有限公司

3推理判断题。根据文章第一段“Onthewaytohishomethechildturnedmanytimesandbeatthedog,declaringwithchildishgesturesthatheheldhimincontempt(茂视）asanunimportantdog.thedogapologizedforbeingthisqualityofanimalandexpressedregretinfineform,buthecontinuedstealthilytofollowthechild.(在回家的路上，孩子多次转过身来打那条狗，用孩子气的手势宣称他蔑视那条狗，认为它是一条不重要的狗。狗为自己是这样的动物而道歉，并以良好的形式表示遗憾，但它继续偷偷地跟着孩子。)”可知，孩子试图摆脱狗，而且他们在此之前并不认识，可见他们是无意间遇到的。从而推断，这条狗曾是别人的宠物，但迷路了。小狗是丢失后才遇到男孩的。故选B。【9题详解】细节理解题。根据文章第三段“Heperformedafewplayfuljumpswithsuchabandon(尽情地）thatthechildsuddenlysawhimtobeavaluablething.(它尽情地跳了几下，孩子突然觉得它很有价值。)”可知，小狗努力的取悦男孩，使得男孩改变了主意。故选D。10题详解】推理判断题。文章四五两段在描述男孩拖拉小狗上楼梯的过程，看得出小男孩精力充沛，一直不懈的努力着，尽管当时小狗是有点害怕的，但小男孩没有停止自己的行为，可见这个男孩子有点调皮。故选A。【11题详解】推理判断题。狗的心情和它的遭遇是一致的，第一段狗尽管被嫌弃但还是跟着，心情是有点罪恶感的，从apologized可以看出；第二段出现了anxiousandshamed，可见狗的心情是紧张羞愧；第三段狗取悦小孩；四五段就是狗被带上楼梯的过程，从panic-stricken可以看出，狗因为未知的地方感到害怕；最后一段狗和小孩已经交好，推断出心情愉悦。故选C。D【2023广东梅州一模】Whilemostofusareneverwithoutoursmartphonesrobotsmayalsosoonbecomeessentialcompanions.ItcertainlyseemssobasedontherecentexperimentsconductedbyresearchersinJapan,whodevelopedawearablesoftrobotforpatientstouseduringtreatments,suchasinjections(注射)andotherunpleasanttherapiesinanattempttoeasetheirpainanddefendpeopleagainstanxiety.Onbeingsubjectedtoamoderateheatstimulus(刺激),thestudyparticipantswhoworetherobotexperiencedlesspainthaninthetestsinwhichtheydidnotweartherobot.DuringthecampaigntoencouragevaccinationagainstCOVID-19,publichealthofficialsrecognizedthatsomepeoplearesimplyafraidofneedles,whichcontributedtoreducedvaccinationrates.Whiletheproblemsofpatientanxietyandpainduringmedicalprocedureshavebeenwellstudiedthereremainsaneedtotestandimplementsolutionstohelppatients.Thesoftfur-coveredrobotthescientistscalledReliebowasdesignedtobeattachedtotheparticipant’shand.Theresearcherstesteditseffectivenessundervariousconditionsbasedontheclenchingoftheparticipant’shand,whileapplyingthepainfulthermalstimulustotheotherarmthatwasnotbeingusedtoholdtherobot.Theresearchersfoundthatholdingtherobothelpedrelievetheexperienceforpatientsregardlessoftheexperimentalconditionsused,andconcludedthatthefeelingsofwell-beingthatcanbecreatedbyhumantouchmayhavealsobeenactivatedbytherobot.“Itiswellknownthatinterpersonaltouchcanreducepainandfear,andwebelievethatthiseffectcanbeachievedevenwithnonlivingsoftrobots,”statesProfessorTanaka.学科网（北京）股份有限公司

4Thismaybeusefulwhenactualhumancontactisnotfeasible,suchasduringpandemics.FutureversionsoftherobotmightuseacontrolledgazeorevenAR(augmentedreality)technologiestohelpbuildaconnectionwiththepatientordistractthemfrompainperceptioninvarioussituations.12.Whatisthepurposeoftherobot?A.Toassistdoctorsininjectingaccurately.B.Tohelprelievepeople’spainfrominjections.C.Toevaluatepatients’physicalandmentalhealth.D.ToassesstheeffectsofgettingvaccinatedagainstCOVID-19.13.Howdoestheroboteasethepainandanxietyofthepatients?A.Therobotisdesignedtobeattachedtothepatients’hand.B.Therobot’ssoftfurgivesthepatientsafeelingsofwell-being.C.Therobot’s“interpersonaltouch”createsafeelingsofwell-being.D.Therobotinstructstheresearcherstorelievetheexperienceforpatients.14.Whatwillresearchersprobablydonext?A.Developotherdevicesformedicaltreatment.B.Carryoutmoreandmoretestsontherobot.C.Evaluatethepossibleriskofusingtherobot.D.Promotetheapplicationoftherobotworldwide15.Whichofthefollowingcanbethebesttitleforthepassage?A.HowtoReducePeople’sFearofInjections.B.AdvancedTechnologyHelpstoCurePatientsCBeingAfraidofNeedlesReducedVaccinationRatesD.WearableSoftRobotHelpsPeopleScareofinjections.【答案】12.B13.C14.A15.D【解析】【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了日本研究人员最近进行的实验，他们开发了一种可穿戴的软体机器人从而保护人们免受焦虑。【12题详解】细节理解题。根据文章第一段“ItcertainlyseemssobasedontherecentexperimentsconductedbyresearchersinJapan,whodevelopedawearablesoftrobotforpatientstouseduringtreatments,suchasinjections(注射)andotherunpleasanttherapiesinanattempttoeasetheirpainanddefendpeopleagainstanxiety.(从日本研究人员最近进行的实验来看，似乎确实如此。他们开发了一种可穿戴的软体机器人，供患者在治疗期间使用，如注射和其他令人不快的治疗，试图减轻他们的疼痛，保护人们免受焦虑。)”可知，这款机器人可以减轻患者的疼痛。故选B。【13题详解】细节理解题。根据文章第三段“Theresearchersfoundthatholdingtherobothelpedrelievetheexperienceforpatientsregardlessoftheexperimentalconditionsused,andconcludedthatthefeelingsofwell-beingthatcanbecreatedbyhumantouchmayhavealsobeenactivatedbytherobot.“Itiswellknownthat学科网（北京）股份有限公司

5interpersonaltouchcanreducepainandfear,andwebelievethatthiseffectcanbeachievedevenwithnonlivingsoftrobots,”statesProfessorTanaka.(研究人员发现，无论实验条件如何，抱着机器人都有助于缓解患者的体验，并得出结论，人类触摸所产生的幸福感可能也被机器人激活了。田中教授说：“众所周知，人与人之间的接触可以减少疼痛和恐惧，我们相信即使是在无生命的软体机器人身上也能达到这种效果。”)”可知，这款机器人让人们在触摸它的时候产生了幸福感，从而缓解了疼痛和焦虑。故选C。【14题详解】推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“FutureversionsoftherobotmightuseacontrolledgazeorevenAR(augmentedreality)technologiestohelpbuildaconnectionwiththepatientordistractthemfrompainperceptioninvarioussituations.(未来版本的机器人可能会使用控制凝视甚至AR(增强现实)技术来帮助与患者建立联系，或在各种情况下分散他们对疼痛的感知。)”可推断，研究人员未来会开发一些其他的医疗功能。故选A。【15题详解】主旨大意题。根据文章第一段“ItcertainlyseemssobasedontherecentexperimentsconductedbyresearchersinJapan,whodevelopedawearablesoftrobotforpatientstouseduringtreatments,suchasinjections(注射)andotherunpleasanttherapiesinanattempttoeasetheirpainanddefendpeopleagainstanxiety.Onbeingsubjectedtoamoderateheatstimulus(刺激),thestudyparticipantswhoworetherobotexperiencedlesspainthaninthetestsinwhichtheydidnotweartherobot.(从日本研究人员最近进行的实验来看，似乎确实如此。他们开发了一种可穿戴的软体机器人，供患者在治疗期间使用，如注射和其他令人不快的治疗，试图减轻他们的疼痛，保护人们免受焦虑。在接受适度的热刺激时，佩戴机器人的研究参与者比不佩戴机器人的测试参与者感受到的疼痛要少。)”及全文可知，文章主要介绍了一种可穿戴的软体机器人，它们可以帮助那些害怕注射的人们，以缓解他们的焦虑。所以“WearableSoftRobotHelpsPeopleScareofinjections.(可穿戴软机器人帮助人们避免打针。)”作为文章标题最为合适。故选D。【2023山东菏泽一模】You’veorderedanewpairofshoesonline.Theyarrive;yourushtothefrontdoorandcarrytheboxasyouopenit.Youuntiethelaces,guidethemtowardyourfeetandtheydon’tfit.So,backintheboxtheygoandanhourlateryoudropthematthelocalcollectionsstore.It’sdisappointing.Theshoeshaveneverbeenwornandthey’llbemakingtheirwaytoanewhomesoon.Right?Wrong.Whatdoeshappentoourgoodswhenweorderonlineandthenreturnthem?Therealityisthatmuchofitsimplyendsupinlandfill(垃圾场).Eachyear,5billionpoundsofwasteisgeneratedthroughreturnsintheworld.IntheUSalone,customersreturnapproximately3.5billionproducts,ofwhichonly20%areactuallyfaultyaccordingtoOptoro,acompanywhichspecializesintacklingthereturns.Itturnsoutthatreturnscreatearealheadacheforcompanies.Manycompaniessimplydon’thavethetechnologytohandlethesefaultsinreturnedgoods,soitisoftenmostprofitableforthemtosellthemcheaplytodiscountersviaawebofshipping,drivingandflyingthemaroundtheglobe,ortosimplytruckthemtothedump.Optoro’ssoftwarehelpsretailers(零售商)andmanufacturersresellunsoldgoodsmoreeasily.Theyofferanumberofoptionsforretailers,includingawebsitetoreselltheirgoods,calledBlinq,aswellashelpingwithre-routinggoodstodonation,storeshelves,AmazonoreBay.Theyestimatetheirworkhelpsreducelandfillwaste学科网（北京）股份有限公司

6by70%.AnnStarodaj,SeniorDirectorofSustainabilityatOptoro,saysthatwhileconsumerhabitsmightstillbeharmful,creatingaprofitableandenvironmentallyfriendlyfashionmodelfromstarttofinishisthewayforward.“Idon’tthinkpeoplearegoingtostopbuyingstuff,butcreatingabusinessmodelwhereyou’remakingiteasierforthemtomakesustainablechoicesisveryimportant.”8.WhatarethestatisticsinParagraph3about?A.Wastedisposal.B.Goodsdelivery.C.ClothingFashion.D.Wastereturns.9.Whydoreturnsbecomearealheadacheforcompanies?A.Verylittleprofitcanbemade.B.Relatedtechnologyisnotavailable.C.Goodsaredamagedonpurpose.D.Noplacescanbefoundtoburythem.10.Whatisparagraph5mainlyabout?A.Adifficulttask.B.Amarketingplan.C.Apracticalsolution.D.Aproducingprocess.11.WhatdoesAnnStarodajwanttoconvey?A.Returnsareeasytodealwith.B.Peopleshouldstopbuyinggoodsonline.C.Consumerhabitsbringaboutharmfulresults.D.Itisvitaltocreateasustainablebusinessmodel.【答案】8.D9.B10.C11.D【解析】【导语】这是一篇说明文。每年都有大量网购退货造成的垃圾，由此带来的问题非常棘手，对此人们提出了许多建议和可行方案。【8题详解】推理判断题。根据第三段最后两句“Eachyear,5billionpoundsofwasteisgeneratedthroughreturnsintheworld.IntheUSalone,customersreturnapproximately3.5billionproducts,ofwhichonly20%areactuallyfaultyaccordingtoOptoro,acompanywhichspecializesintacklingthereturns.(每年，全世界有50亿磅的垃圾是退货产生的。据专门处理退货问题的Optoro公司称，仅在美国，客户就退货了大约35亿件产品，其中只有20%是有问题的。)”可知，第3段的统计数字是来说明退货产生大量垃圾的。故选D。【9题详解】细节理解题。根据第四段第二句中的“Manycompaniessimplydon’thavethetechnologytohandlethesefaultsinreturnedgoods,,soitisoftenmostprofitableforthemtosellthemcheaplytodiscountersviaawebofshipping,drivingandflyingthemaroundtheglobe,ortosimplytruckthemtothedump.(许多公司根本没有技术来处理退货中的这些错误的技术，因此，对他们来说，最有利可图的方式往往是通过全球运输、驾驶和空运网络，将它们廉价卖给折扣店，或者干脆用卡车把它们运到垃圾场。)”可知，由于相关技术的缺乏，退货成为公司真正头疼的问题。故选B。【10题详解】主旨大意题。根据第五段第一句“Optoro’ssoftwarehelpsretailers(零售商)andmanufacturersresellunsold学科网（北京）股份有限公司

7goodsmoreeasily.Theyofferanumberofoptionsforretailers,includingawebsitetoreselltheirgoods,calledBlinq,aswellashelpingwithre-routinggoodstodonation,storeshelves,AmazonoreBay.Theyestimatetheirworkhelpsreducelandfillwasteby70%.(Optoro的软件可以帮助零售商和制造商更容易地转售未售出的商品。他们为零售商提供了多种选择，包括一个名为Blinq的转售商品的网站，以及帮助将商品重新安排到捐赠、商店货架、亚马逊或eBay上。他们估计他们的工作有助于减少70%的垃圾填埋。)”可知，第五段主要是讲一个实用的解决退货的办法——Optoro软件。故选C。【11题详解】细节理解题。根据最后一段第一句中的“AnnStarodaj,SeniorDirectorofSustainabilityatOptoro,saysthatwhileconsumerhabitsmightstillbeharmful,creatingaprofitableandenvironmentallyfriendlyfashionmodelfromstarttofinishisthewayforward(Optoro的可持续发展高级总监AnnStarodaj说虽然消费者的习惯可能仍然有害，但从头到尾创造一种有利可图且环保的时尚模式是前进的方向)”和第二句中的“creatingabusinessmodelwhereyou’remakingiteasierforthemtomakesustainablechoicesisveryimportant(创造一种商业模式，让他们更容易做出可持续的选择是非常重要的)”可知，AnnStarodaj想要传达的是创建一个可持续的有利可图且环保的商业模式是至关重要的。故选D。D【2023山东菏泽一模】Oneperson’shappinesscausesachainreactionthatbenefitsnotonlytheirfriends,buttheirfriends’friends,andtheirfriends’friends’friends.Theeffectlastsforuptooneyear.Theopposite,interestingly,isnotthecase:Sadnessdoesnotspreadthroughsocialnetworksasstronglyashappiness.Happinessappearstolovecompanymoresothanmisery.Focusingon4,739individuals,ChristakisandFowler,whoco-authoredthisstudy,observedmorethan50,000socialandfamilytiesandanalyzedthespreadofhappinessthroughoutthisgroup.Theresearchersfoundthatwhenanindividualbecomeshappy,afriendlivingwithinamileexperiencesa25percentincreasedchanceofbecominghappy.Aco-residentspouse(配偶)experiencesan8percentincreasedchance,siblings(兄弟姐妹)livingwithinonemilehavea14percentincreasedchance,andfornext-doorneighbors,34percent.Buttherealsurprisecamewithindirectrelationships.Again,whileanindividualbecominghappyincreaseshisfriend’schances,afriendofthatfriendexperiencesanearly10percentchanceofincreasedhappiness,andafriendofthatfriendhasa5.6percentincreasedchance.Theresearchersalsofoundthat,contrarytowhatyourparentstaughtyou,popularitydoesleadtohappiness.Peopleinthecenteroftheirnetworkgroupsarethemostlikelypeopletobecomehappy,andthentherearechancesthatincreasetotheextentthatthepeoplesurroundingthemalsohavelotsoffriends.However,becominghappydoesnothelpmigrateapersonfromthenetworkfringe(外围)tothecenter.Happinessspreadsthroughthenetworkwithoutchangingitsstructure.“Imagineabird’seyeviewofabackyardparty,”Fowlerexplains.“You’llseepeopleingroupsatthecenter,andothersonthefringe.Thehappiestpeopletendtobetheonesinthecenter.Butsomeoneonthefringewhosuddenlybecomeshappy,saythroughaparticularexchange,doesn’tsuddenlymoveintothecenterofthegroup.Hesimplystayswhereheis—onlynowhehasafarmoresatisfyingsenseofwell-being.”Nexttime,ifyou’rehappyandyouknowit,thankyourfriends—andtheirfriends.Andwhileyou’reatit,theirfriends’friends.Butifyou’resad,holdtheblame.学科网（北京）股份有限公司

812.Whowillbemorelikelytobecomehappyasamanishappyaccordingtotheresearch?A.Hiswife.B.Hisnext-doorneighbors.C.Hisbrothersandsisters.D.Afriendofhisfriend.13.WhydoesFowlermentionabackyardpartyinParagraph4?A.Toexplainarule.B.Toclarifyaconcept.C.Todescribeafact.D.Tomakeaprediction.14.Whatdoestheresearchaimtotellus?A.Happinesschangessocialstructures.B.Asocialnetworkisadouble-edgedsword.C.Happinessgoeshandinhandwithsadness.D.Happinessspreadsthroughsocialnetworks.15.Whatdoweknowfromthelasttwoparagraphs?A.Friends’friendsmaybringyouhappiness.B.Yourfriendsaretoblameforyoursadness.C.Yourfriendsdecidewhetheryouarehappy.D.Thehappiestfriendsatpartyareonthefringe.【答案】12.B13.B14.D15.A【解析】【导语】这是一篇说明文。介绍了一个观点：一个人的幸福通过社交网络传播，因此一个人的幸福和朋友，以及朋友的朋友有关。【12题详解】细节理解题。根据第二段二三句“Theresearchersfoundthatwhenanindividualbecomeshappy,afriendlivingwithinamileexperiencesa25percentincreasedchanceofbecominghappy.Aco-residentspouse(配偶)experiencesan8percentincreasedchance,siblings(兄弟姐妹)livingwithinonemilehavea14percentincreasedchance,andfornext-doorneighbors,34percent.(研究人员发现，当一个人变得快乐时，住在一英里以内的朋友变得快乐的几率会增加25%。同居配偶的几率增加了8%，住在一英里以内的兄弟姐妹的几率增加14%，而隔壁邻居的几率增加34%。)”可知，一个人开心的时候，最有可能因此变得开心的是他的邻居。故选B项。【13题详解】推理判断题。根据第四段第一句““Imagineabird’seyeviewofabackyardparty,”Fowlerexplains.“You’llseepeopleingroupsatthecenter,andothersonthefringe.Thehappiestpeopletendtobetheonesinthecenter…”(福勒解释道：“想象一下后院聚会的鸟瞰图，你会看到一群人在中心，其他人在边缘。最快乐的人往往是中心的人…”)”可知，福勒提出这个聚会的目的是为了解释某个和一个网络中最开心的人的位置相关的概念，上文第三段最后两句“However,becominghappydoesnothelpmigrateapersonfromthenetworkfringe(外围)tothecenter.Happinessspreadsthroughthenetworkwithoutchangingitsstructure.学科网（北京）股份有限公司

9(然而，变得快乐并不能帮助一个人从网络边缘迁移到中心。幸福通过网络传播而不改变其结构。)”提出了需要解释的观点：因为幸福通过网络传播，不改变网络的结构，因此一个人变得快乐并不会使他从网络的边缘迁移到中心。故选B项。【14题详解】推理判断题。根据第三段后两句“However,becominghappydoesnothelpmigrateapersonfromthenetworkfringe(外围)tothecenter.Happinessspreadsthroughthenetworkwithoutchangingitsstructure.(然而，变得快乐并不能帮助一个人从网络边缘迁移到中心。幸福通过网络传播而不改变其结构。)”可知，本研究旨在告诉读者幸福通过网络传播，即社交网络。故选D项。【15题详解】推理判断题。根据最后一段第一句“Nexttime,ifyou’rehappyandyouknowit,thankyourfriends—andtheirfriends.(下一次，如果你很开心，并且你知道这一点，那就感谢你的朋友和他们的朋友。)”可知，作者建议读者如果开心，那就得感谢朋友和朋友的朋友，可推测这是因为一个人的快乐可能是朋友或者朋友的朋友带来的。故选A项。【2023广东茂名一模】Willskippingbreakfastmakemefat?Thegoodnewsforthosewhodon’thavebreakfastisthatputtingonweightisn’tinevitable—aslongasyoucontrolthosehigh-caloriedesiresandstayactive.Researchshowsthatalthoughavoidingbreakfastwillmakeyouhungrierandyoumightmakeupforthatwithabiggerlunch,thiswon’tnecessarilymakeyou“fatter”—onaverage,thosewhoskipbreakfastdon’teatmoreacrossthewholedaythaniftheydidn’tskipit.Someresearchershavefoundthatyoumayeveneatfewercaloriesoverall,andendupusingyourbody’sfatreservesforenergy,whichcanactuallyhelpyouloseweight.However,weightisn’ttheonlyconsideration:studiesshowthatbreakfast-skippersarelikelytoexerciseless.Thismaybebecausetheyhavelowerenergylevels-aftereighthoursorsowithoutfood,thebodywillhaveusedupmostofitsstoresofeasy-to-accessenergyduringsleep.Morningfastersarealsomorelikelytohaveunhealthy,butappetite-suppressinghabits,suchassmokingordrinkingalotofcoffee.Ifyouwanttoensurethatyoueataregular,nutritiousbreakfast,trypreparingitthenightbeforedon’tleaveituntilthemorning,whenyourbrainstrugglestomakegooddecisions.Ifyoudoskipbreakfast...■Don’tmakeupforitwithahugelunch,otherwiseyou’llsufferovereating.■Makesureyoueatsomethingbeforeyouexercise,oryourisk“hittingthewall”.■Don’tmakeupforlackofenergywithcoffee-itcanmakeyouloseyourappetiteandmakeyouanxiousandnervous.8.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“inevitable”meaninParagraph2?A.Unbelievable.B.Unavoidable.C.Uncomfortable.D.Unbearable.9.Whydosomebreakfast-skippersloseweight?A.Theydomoreexercise.B.Theystayactiveallday.C.Theyreservetheirbodyfat.D.Theytakeinfewercalories.10.WhatisParagraph3mainlyabout?A.Aimsofthestudies.B.Waysoflosingweight.C.Effectsofskippingbreakfast.D.Suggestionsforbreakfast-skippers.学科网（北京）股份有限公司

1011.Whatistheauthor’sattitudetowardsskippingbreakfast?A.Objective.B.Positive.C.Negative.D.Doubtful.【答案】8.B9.D10.C11.A【解析】【导语】这是一篇说明文。文中主要就不吃早餐是否会变胖的问题展开论述，引用了各种研究结果和发现。【8题详解】词句猜测题。根据后文“aslongasyoucontrolthosehigh-caloriedesiresandstayactive.(只要你控制对高热量食物的渴望并保持活跃)”可知，只要控制对高热量食物的渴望并保持活跃，对于那些不吃早餐的人来说，好消息是体重并不是不可避免的，故画线词意思是“不可避免的”。故选B。【9题详解】细节理解题。根据第二段中“Someresearchershavefoundthatyoumayeveneatfewercaloriesoverall,andendupusingyourbody’sfatreservesforenergy,whichcanactuallyhelpyouloseweight.(一些研究人员发现，你甚至可以摄入更少的卡路里，最终利用身体的脂肪储备来获取能量，这实际上可以帮助你减肥)”可知，有些不吃早餐的人会减肥因为他们摄入的卡路里更少。故选D。10题详解】主旨大意题。根据第三段“However,weightisn’ttheonlyconsideration:studiesshowthatbreakfast-skippersarelikelytoexerciseless.Thismaybebecausetheyhavelowerenergylevels-aftereighthoursorsowithoutfood,thebodywillhaveusedupmostofitsstoresofeasy-to-accessenergyduringsleep.Morningfastersarealsomorelikelytohaveunhealthy,butappetite-suppressinghabits,suchassmokingordrinkingalotofcoffee.(然而，体重并不是唯一的考虑因素：研究表明，不吃早餐的人可能锻炼得更少。这可能是因为他们的能量水平较低——在不进食8小时左右后，身体将在睡眠中消耗掉大部分易于获取的能量。早起禁食的人也更有可能有不健康但抑制食欲的习惯，比如吸烟或喝大量咖啡)”可知，第三段主要讲了不吃早餐的影响。故选C。【11题详解】推理判断题。根据第二段“Researchshowsthatalthoughavoidingbreakfastwillmakeyouhungrierandyoumightmakeupforthatwithabiggerlunch,thiswon’tnecessarilymakeyou“fatter”—onaverage,thosewhoskipbreakfastdon’teatmoreacrossthewholedaythaniftheydidn’tskipit.(研究表明，尽管不吃早餐会让你更饿，你可能会用一顿丰盛的午餐来弥补，但这并不一定会让你“更胖”——平均而言，不吃早餐的人一整天都不会比不吃早餐的人吃得更多)”以及第三段“However,weightisn’ttheonlyconsideration:studiesshowthatbreakfast-skippersarelikelytoexerciseless.(然而，体重并不是唯一的考虑因素：研究表明，不吃早餐的人可能锻炼得更少)”可推知，文中不涉及作者对不吃早餐的态度，即作者对不吃早餐的态度是客观的。故选A。D【2023广东茂名一模】Thewires,screensandbatteriesthatmakeupourdevices-nottomentiontheplastic,metalandothermaterialsthatpackagethem-arefillinguplandfills.Somee-wasteisrelativelylarge:oldphonesandairconditioners,forinstance.Othere-wasteismorehidden,suchaselectronicsingle-usemedicaldiagnostickits,学科网（北京）股份有限公司

11environmentalsensors,andsmartlabelsthatcontainone-offbatteriesandotherequipment.“It’sthesesmallbatteriesthatarebigproblems,”sayspublichealthscientistDeleOgunseitan,whowasnotinvolvedindevelopingthebattery.”Nobodyreallypaysattentiontowheretheyendup.ResearchersattheCellulose&WoodMaterialsLaboratoryattheSwissFederalLaboratoriesforMaterialsScienceandTechnology(Empa)areworkingtoaddressthisproblem.TheirnewpaperinScientificReportsdescribesapaperbatterydevelopedfromenvironmentallyfriendlymaterialsthatcouldeventuallypresentasustainablealternativetothemoreharmfulbatteriescommoninlow-powerdevices.Thepaperbatteryhasthesamekeycomponentsasstandardbatteriesbutpackagesthemdifferently.Likeatypicalchemicalbattery,ithas-apositivelychargedsidecalledacathode(正极),anegativelychargedsidecalledananode(负极),andaconductivematerialcalledanelectrolyte(电解质)betweenthetwo.Atraditionalbattery’scomponentsarepackagedinplasticandmetal;inthenewbattery,theanodeandcathodeareinksprintedontothefrontandbackofapieceofpaper.Thatpaperisfilledwithsalt,whichdissolves(溶解)whenthepaperisdampenedwithwater.Theresultingsaltwatersolutionactsastheelectrolyte.Whenthepaperisdry,thebatteryisshelf-stable.Addjustacoupleofdropsofwater,however,andthesaltdissolves,allowingelectronstoflow.Oncethepaperisdampened,thebatterybecomesactivewithin20seconds.Thenewbattery’soperatingperformancedeclinesasthepaperdries.Whenthescientistsrewetthepaperduringtesting,thebatteryregainedfunctionalityandlastedanhourbeforebeginningtodryoutagain.12.WhatcanweinferaboutsmalldisposalbatteriesaccordingtoDeleOgunseitan?A.Theyarenobigproblems.B.Theyneedtobeaddressed.C.Theyshouldbemadelarger.D.Theyareenvironmentallyfriendly.13.What’sspecialaboutthenewbattery?A.Ithasacathodeandananode.B.Ithasdifferentkeycomponents.C.Itscathodeandanodeareprintedonpaper.D.Itscomponentsarepackagedinplasticandmetal.14.Whatisusedtomakethenewbatterystarttooperate?A.Salt.B.Metal.C.Ink.D.Water.15.Inwhichsectioncanwefindthetext?A.Advances.B.Reviews.C.Culture.D.Opinion.【答案】12.B13.C14.D15.A【解析】学科网（北京）股份有限公司

12【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了一种新型电池，同时讲述了该电池的工作原理以及相关应用。【12题详解】推理判断题。根据第一段中“Othere-wasteismorehidden,suchaselectronicsingle-usemedicaldiagnostickits,environmentalsensors,andsmartlabelsthatcontainone-offbatteriesandotherequipment.(其他电子垃圾则较为隐蔽，如电子一次性医疗诊断包、环境传感器以及包含一次性电池和其他设备的智能标签。)”以及第二段中““It’sthesesmallbatteriesthatarebigproblems,”sayspublichealthscientistDeleOgunseitan,whowasnotinvolvedindevelopingthebattery.”Nobodyreallypaysattentiontowheretheyendup.(“这些小电池才是大问题，”公共卫生科学家DeleOgunseitan说，他没有参与电池的开发。没有人真正关注它们最终会去哪里。)”可知，由于较小的一次性电池垃圾较为隐蔽，所以很少有人会真正的关注它们最终会去哪里。由此推断这些较小的一次性电池垃圾是亟需解决的。故选B。【13题详解】细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中“Atraditionalbattery’scomponentsarepackagedinplasticandmetal;inthenewbattery,theanodeandcathodeareinksprintedontothefrontandbackofapieceofpaper.(传统电池的组件用塑料和金属包装；在新电池中，阳极和阴极是印刷在纸张正面和背面的墨水。)”可知，新型电池中阳极和阴极是印在一张纸的正反面的墨水。故选C。【14题详解】细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中“Thatpaperisfilledwithsalt,whichdissolves(溶解)whenthepaperisdampenedwithwater.Theresultingsaltwatersolutionactsastheelectrolyte.(这张纸里装满了盐，当纸被水浸湿时，盐就会溶解。由此产生的盐水溶液充当电解质。)”以及最后一段中“Addjustacoupleofdropsofwater,however,andthesaltdissolves,allowingelectronstoflow.(然而，只要加入几滴水，盐就会溶解，让电子流动。)”可知，水是用来使新电池开始工作的。故选D。【15题详解】推理判断题。通读全文以及第三段中“TheirnewpaperinScientificReportsdescribesapaperbatterydevelopedfromenvironmentallyfriendlymaterialsthatcouldeventuallypresentasustainablealternativetothemoreharmfulbatteriescommoninlow-powerdevices.(他们在《科学报告》上发表的新论文描述了一种由环保材料开发的纸电池，最终可能成为低功耗设备中常见的有害电池的可持续替代品。)”可知，文章介绍的是一种新型的电池，介绍了该电池的工作原理以及相关应用。故可以推断文章出自先进科技部分。故选A。【2023安徽淮北一模】Abatterymadeofpaperstandsoutamongthe200bestinventionsoftheyearinTIMEMagazine.“Itsoundsimpossible:Justaddwatertoapieceofpaperandgetenergy,”saidTIMEMagazine,whochosetheSwiss-madebatteryasoneofthewinnersinthisyear’s“Experimental”inventions.ThebatterywascreatedbyresearchersattheSwissFederalLaboratoryforMaterialsTestingandResearch.“Overthelastdecades,wehavewitnessedanincreasinguseofelectronicdevices,leadinginturntoelectronicwaste(e-waste)becomingtheworld’sfastestgrowingwastestream.”wrotetheresearchersintheirpublishedpaper.Theydevelopedthepaperbatteryaimingtoreducetheenvironmentalimpactofsingle-useelectronicsbyturningtomore学科网（北京）股份有限公司

13environmentallyfriendlymaterials.Thebatterywasdescribedtobemadefrompaperwithsaltinsideandbasedonprintedinks:twokindsofinkscontainingdifferentmineralsactedasthepositiveendandthenegativeend.Analysisoftheperformanceofaone-cellpaperbatteryshowedthataftertwodropsofwaterwereadded,thebatterystartedworkingwithin20secondsandreachedastablevoltage(电压)of1.2V.Afteronehour,theone-cellbattery’sperformancedroppedsignificantlyasthepaperdriedout.Butaftertheresearchersaddedtwoextradropsofwater,itsperformanceincreasedwithastablevoltageof0.5Vforanotherhour.Withintwotofiveyears,thetechnologycouldbeusedinlow-powerelectronicssuchasmedicaldevicesandsmartpackaging.“Iseeanewroleforpaper...thatcouldalsobeananswertothegrowingconcernovere-waste,”saidEMPA’sGustavNyström,theinventor.HetoldTIMEMagazinetheywantedtoimprovetheefficiencyofthebatteryinthefutureandgetitworkingforlonger.EachyearTIMEMagazinelistsaselectionofbestinventionsthat“changehowwelive”,basedontheiroriginality,creativity,efficiency,impactandothercriteria.8.Whatdidtheresearchersaimtodobydevelopingapaperbattery?A.Createmoreenvironmentallyfriendlymaterials.B.Winthebestexperimentalinventionofthisyear.C.Reducetheimpactofelectronicsontheenvironment.D.Makethedevelopmentofelectronicdevicesgrowfaster.9.Howdidtheresearchersincreasetheperformanceofthebattery?A.Byrewettingthepaper.B.Bydroppingmoreink.C.Byshorteningitsworkinghours.D.Byaddinganotherpaperbattery.10.WhataspectofthebatterydotheresearchersplantopromoteaccordingtoGustavNyström?A.Itscreativity.B.Itspackaging.C.Itstechnology.D.Itsefficiency.11.Whatisthetextmainlyabout?A.Scientistsinventapaperbattery-justaddwater.B.Paperbatteryisnamedamongworld’sbestinventions.C.TIMEMagazinelistsaselectionofinventionseachyear.D.Anewroleforpapermayhelpreducetheelectronicwaste.【答案】8.C9.A10.D11.B【解析】【导语】本文是一篇新闻报道。文章主要讲的是纸电池被评为世界上最好的发明之一。【8题详解】推理判断题。根据第二段的“Theydevelopedthepaperbatteryaimingtoreducetheenvironmentalimpactofsingle-useelectronicsbyturningtomoreenvironmentallyfriendlymaterials.(他们开发的纸电池旨在通过转向更环保的材料来减少一次性电子产品对环境的影响)”可推知，研究人员开发纸电池的目的是减少电子产品对环境的影响。故选C。【9题详解】细节理解题。根据第三段的“Analysisoftheperformanceofaone-cellpaperbatteryshowedthataftertwodropsofwaterwereadded,thebatterystartedworkingwithin20secondsandreachedastablevoltage学科网（北京）股份有限公司

14(电压)of1.2V.Afteronehour,theone-cellbattery’sperformancedroppedsignificantlyasthepaperdriedout.Butaftertheresearchersaddedtwoextradropsofwater,itsperformanceincreasedwithastablevoltageof0.5Vforanotherhour.(对单芯纸电池的性能分析表明，在加入两滴水后，电池在20秒内开始工作，并达到1.2V的稳定电压。一小时后，由于纸张变干，单电池的性能显著下降。但在研究人员额外加入两滴水后，它的性能在0.5V的稳定电压下又提高了一个小时)”可知，研究人员通过重新润湿纸张来提高电池的性能。故选A。【10题详解】细节理解题。根据第四段的“HetoldTIMEMagazinetheywantedtoimprovetheefficiencyofthebatteryinthefuturedandgetitworkingforlonger.(他在接受《时代》杂志采访时表示，他们希望在未来提高电池的效率，使其工作时间更长)”可知，研究人员计划提升电池的效率，故选D。【11题详解】主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是第一段的“Abatterymadeofpaperstandsoutamongthe200bestinventionsoftheyearinTIMEMagazine.(在《时代》杂志评选的年度200项最佳发明中，纸做的电池脱颖而出)”可知，文章主要介绍的是纸电池被评为世界上最好的发明之一。故选B。D【2023安徽淮北一模】Acollegeprofessoratmyuniversityyearsagoshockedhisclasswithafrog.Heshowedoffawoodfrogthatwasstillalivebutfrozensolid.Thensuddenly,hethrewitagainstawallanditbrokeintopieces.Everyonetookaquickdeepbreath.Momentslater,heexplainedthathehadn’tactuallythrownthefrog.Fordramaticeffecthehadswitchedthefrogforalargepieceofice.Butthegoalwastoillustrateapoint:Thatawoodfrogdoesinfactfreezeassolidasicetosurvivethewinter.Thenitthawsagaininthespring.ThewoodfrogisoneofthemostfrequentlystudiedanimalsonEarththatfreezes.Firstit’sliquid,it’shoppingaround,thenicecomesonitfromtheoutside.Itsskingetsfrozenalittlebit,itseyesglazeover,itsbrainfreezes,andicepushesbloodtothefrog’sheartbeforeeventuallythat,too,isrocksolid.Thistransitionrequiresmajorchangesinbiochemistry.Iceslowlyformsaroundtheoutsideoforgansandcells.Atthesametime,thefrog’sliverpumpsoutincredibleamountsofglucose—asugaryliquidthatactslikeantifreezeforvitalorgans—thatflowseverywhereincludingtheinsidesofcellstokeepthemfromdying.Buttruesupercoolinginnature—andespeciallywithhumanorgans—comeswithrisks,saysShannonTessier,anassistantprofessoratHarvardMedicalSchoolwhostudieshowsuspendedanimationinnaturecantranslatetohumanorgantransplants.Woodfrogsandotheranimalsthatsurviveextremeconditionsinnaturehavemanyapplicationsinmedicine,especiallyintheworldoforgantransplants,Tessiersays.Ahumanheart,forexample,canonlyexistoutsidethebodyforaboutfourhours.“Sowe’retryingtousetheprinciplesfromwoodfrogswithhighamountsofglucoseandfreezeawholeheartorotherorgan,keepitinsuspendedanimation,safelyawakeit,andtransplantit.”12.Whydidthecollegeprofessortakeafrogtotheclass?A.Toshowoffhisamazingpet.B.Toswitchapieceoficewithit.C.Totellstudentssomefrogfacts.D.Toconductaspecialexperiment.13.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“thaws”meaninparagraph1?学科网（北京）股份有限公司

15A.Freezesitself.B.Comestolife.C.Becomeswarm.D.Turnsbackintowater.14.Whatprotectsthefrozenfrogfromdying?A.Itsicycell.B.Itsvitalorgan.C.Itswarmblood.D.Itssugaryliquid.15.Whowillprobablybenefitfromthefrog’sprinciplesaccordingtoShannonTessier?A.Theonewhohastotakeahearttransplantoperation.B.TheonewhoisapplyingfortheHarvardMedicalSchool.C.Theonewhoworksonthedevelopmentofanewmedicine.D.Theonewhoplanstoexperienceextremeconditionsinnature.【答案】12.C13.B14.D15.A【解析】【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了冻成冰块冬眠的木蛙。这种具有超强耐冻能力的动物在冬眠时甚至连呼吸、心跳都停止了，看起来就像被冻死了，但一到春天，它们也会像其他冬眠动物一样苏醒过来。木蛙这种冬眠的方式的确对人类很有启发，比如在医学上应用于对人体器官的低温保存，让病人可以顺利进行器官移植，从而有更大几率存活下来。【12题详解】推理判断题。根据第一段“Acollegeprofessoratmyuniversityyearsagoshockedhisclasswithafrog.Heshowedoffawoodfrogthatwasstillalivebutfrozensolid.Thensuddenly,hethrewitagainstawallanditbrokeintopieces.Everyonetookaquickdeepbreath.Momentslater,heexplainedthathehadn’tactuallythrownthefrog.Fordramaticeffecthehadswitchedthefrogforalargepieceofice.Butthegoalwastoillustrateapoint:Thatawoodfrogdoesinfactfreezeassolidasicetosurvivethewinter.(几年前，我们大学的一位教授用一只青蛙震惊了全班。他展示了一只林蛙，它还活着，但已经冻成固体了。突然，他把它扔到墙上，它摔成了碎片。每个人都深深地吸了一口气。过了一会儿，他解释说他并没有把青蛙扔出去。为了产生戏剧效果，他把青蛙换成了一大块冰。但这个实验的目的是为了说明一个问题：木蛙为了过冬，确实会冻得像冰一样坚硬)”可知，大学教授要带一只青蛙去上课是为了告诉学生一些青蛙的事实。故选C。【13题详解】词句猜测题。根据画线词上文“Butthegoalwastoillustrateapoint:Thatawoodfrogdoesinfactfreezeassolidasicetosurvivethewinter.(但这个实验的目的是为了说明一个问题：木蛙为了过冬，确实会冻得像冰一样坚硬)”以及后文“againinthespring”可知，木蛙为了过冬，确实会冻得像冰一样坚硬。然后在春天再次复苏过来。故画线词意思是“复苏”。故选B。【14题详解】细节理解题。根据第二段中“Atthesametime,thefrog’sliverpumpsoutincredibleamountsofglucose—asugaryliquidthatactslikeantifreezeforvitalorgans—thatflowseverywhereincludingtheinsidesofcellstokeepthemfromdying.(与此同时，青蛙的肝脏会排出大量的葡萄糖——一种含糖液体，对重要器官起防冻剂的作用——这些葡萄糖流动到包括细胞内部在内的所有地方，以防止它们死亡)”可知，含糖液体保护冻青蛙免于死亡。故选D。【15题详解】学科网（北京）股份有限公司

16推理判断题。根据最后一段中“Sowe’retryingtousetheprinciplesfromwoodfrogswithhighamountsofglucoseandfreezeawholeheartorotherorgan,keepitinsuspendedanimation,safelyawakeit,andtransplantit.(因此，我们正试图利用含有大量葡萄糖的木蛙的原理，冷冻整个心脏或其他器官，使其处于假死状态，安全地唤醒它，然后移植)”可知，ShannonTessier准备将木蛙原理运用到器官移植的技术中，因此一个接受心脏移植手术的人最有可能从这个原理中获益。故选A。【2023广东佛山一模】It’snosecretnowthatthemoretimewespendonsocialmedia,themorewefeeldissatisfiedwithourselves.Wetendtocompareourselvestoinfluencesandcelebrities-soit’seasytounderstandhowthatcanaffectourconfidence.But,howoftenhaveyoufoundyourselfcomparingyourlifetoyourfriends?Engagingwithsocialmediasharedbyourfriendscanbemoredamagingthanlookingatcontentsharedbycelebrities,newresearchhasfound.Thestudylookingathowsocialmediaaffectsbodyimagefoundthatanysocialmediaengagementwassignificantlyassociatedwithlower“appearancesatisfaction”.Additionally,itfoundthatengagingwithcontentpostedbypeopletheparticipantsknewwasmorethantwiceasdamagingaslookingatcontentpostedbystrangers,includingcelebrities.VirenSwami,ProfessorofSocialPsychologyatAngliaRuskinUniversity,believesthisispartlybecauseweknowit’shardtoattainthelivesofcelebritiesorinfluences,butwhenwe’recomparingourselvestoourfriends,itfeelslikeweshould-orcould-livethewaytheydo.“Onepossibleexplanationisthatpeoplemayperceiveapostshowingappearanceasbeingmuchmoreattainableifitcomesfromsomeonetheyknow,addingexpectationorpressureonthepersonengaginginthepost,”hesaid.“Atthesametime,peoplemaybemorecriticallyengagedwithpostsbythelikesofmodelsandcelebrities,andthereforeperceivetheimagestheysharetobemoreunrealistic."Thisisnotjustconfinedtobodyimagethough.Weallhaveoneareainourlivesthattriggers(触发)us.Maybeyou’vebeensearchingforanewjobformonthsandyoufindyourselfonsocialmedia,envyingyourschoolfriendwhojustlandedtheirdreamrole.Maybe...Allthisistosaytheobvious:weonlyseepartofpeople’slives-andifit’sgettingyoudown,you’reprobablycomparingyourinsidestootherpeople’soutsides.Everyonehastheirstrugglesandlifeisindeednotperfectforanyone.So,putdownyourphone,getoffline,bethankfulandtrytoliveyourownlife.8.Whatdidthenewstudyfind?A.Socialmediainvitesunfavorablecomments.B.Friends’postsaffectusmorethancelebrities’.C.Celebritieshaveanegativeinfluenceonourlife.D.Bodyimagecausesmoreconcernthansociallife.9WhyarewemorelikelytocomparewithourfriendsaccordingtoSwami?A.Theyserveasrolemodels.B.Weknowthewaytheylive.,C.Theirlifestylesareaccessible.D.Wearecuriousabouttheirlife.10.WhatdoestheunderlinedwordinParagraph6probablymean?学科网（北京）股份有限公司

17A.Restricted.B.Related.C.Devoted.D.Exposed.11.Whatdoestheauthorsuggestpeopledo?A.Findyourdreamandfightforit.B.Stopcomparingandbeyourself.C.Begratefulandleadaperfectlife.D.Stopcomplainingandgetdowntowork.【答案】8.B9.C10.A11.B【解析】【导语】这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了一项新研究。新研究发现朋友的帖子对人们的影响比名人的更大，让人们更容易与朋友进行比较。但是作者建议人们放下手机，心存感激，努力过自己的生活。【8题详解】细节理解题。文章第二段讲到“Engagingwithsocialmediasharedbyourfriendscanbemoredamagingthanlookingatcontentsharedbycelebrities,newresearchhasfound.(一项新的研究发现，与看名人分享的内容相比，参与朋友分享的社交媒体可能更具破坏性)”可知新研究发现朋友的帖子对我们的影响比名人的更大，故选B。【9题详解】推理判断题。文章第二段讲到“VirenSwami,ProfessorofSocialPsychologyatAngliaRuskinUniversity,believesthisispartlybecauseweknowit’shardtoattainthelivesofcelebritiesorinfluences,butwhenwe’recomparingourselvestoourfriends,itfeelslikeweshould-orcould-livethewaytheydo.(AngliaRuskin大学社会心理学教授VirenSwami认为，这部分是因为我们知道很难获得名人或影响力的生活，但当我们将自己与朋友进行比较时，感觉我们应该或者可以像他们那样生活)”可知根据Swam的说法，我们更容易与朋友进行比较是因为他们的生活方式更容易见得到，故选C。【10题详解】词义猜测题。文章划线单词下一句讲到“Weallhaveoneareainourlivesthattriggers(触发)us.Maybeyou’vebeensearchingforanewjobformonthsandyoufindyourselfonsocialmedia,envyingyourschoolfriendwhojustlandedtheirdreamrole.(我们的生活中都有一个领域触发了我们。也许你已经找了好几个月的新工作，你在社交媒体上发现自己，羡慕你的学校朋友，他刚刚找到了他们梦想中的角色。)”可知划线单词所在句子的意思是：但这不仅仅局限于身体形象。所以第六段中带下划线的单词可能的意思是“受限制的”，故选A。【11题详解】推理判断题。文章最后一段讲到“Everyonehastheirstrugglesandlifeisindeednotperfectforanyone.So,putdownyourphone,getoffline,bethankfulandtrytoliveyourownlife.(每个人都有自己的奋斗，生活对任何人来说都不完美。所以，放下手机，下线，心存感激，努力过自己的生活。)”可知作者建议人们停止比较，做你自己，故选B。学科网（北京）股份有限公司

18D【2023广东佛山一模】Giventhatthedictionarydefinitionofcuriosityis“thedesiretoknowsomething”,itmaybeoflittlesurprisethatmuchresearchhasconcerneditsbenefitsforeducation.ConsiderastudyattheUniversityofCaliforniaatDavisin2014.Theresearchersfirstaskedeachparticipanttoratetheircuriosityaboutlearningtheanswerstoaseriesofquestions,suchas“Whatdoestheterm‘dinosaur’actuallymean?”TheparticipantsthenlayinanfMRIbrainscanner(扫描仪)whilethesamequestionswerepresented,followedshortlyafterbytheanswers.Theparticipantswerethentestedontheirrecollectionofthefactsanhourlater.Theeffectsofcuriosityonlaterrecallwerestriking.Whentheparticipantswerehighlycuriousaboutafact,theywere30%morelikelytorecallit.Andthisseemedtocorrespondtoheightenedactivityinareasofthemidbrainthatreleasedopamine(多巴胺).Dopamineisnormallyassociatedwithreward,butanimalstudiessuggestthatitcanalsoenhancetheformationofnewneural(神经的)connections.Itlookedasifthefeelingofcuriositywashelpingpreparethebraintoabsorbthenewandimportantinformation,andthisthenresultedinamorestablememory.Interestingly,theresearchersfoundthatthedopaminehit,arisingfrominitialcuriosity,couldevenenhancethememoryofincidentalinformationthathadnodirectrelevancetotheprimaryquestion.Todemonstratethis,theyhadpresentedrandomfacesalongsidetheanswerstothequestionsand,anhourlater,checkedwhethertheparticipantsstillrecognizedthefaces.Theanalysesshowedthattheparticipantswerefarmorelikelytorememberthefaceifithadaccompaniedaquestionthathadawakenedtheircuriosity.Thisadditionalandunexpected,memoryboostcouldbeextremelyusefulwheneverwe’retryingtolearnsomethingnewandcomplicated.We’reunlikely,afterall,tofindeverysingleelementofourstudiesinteresting.Butifwecandevelopsomecuriosityaboutatleastsomeofthefacts,wemayfindthattherestofthematerialalsosticksfarmoreeasily.12.Whichaspectofcuriositydidthestudyfocuson?A.Itsscientificdefinition.B.Itsuniquecharacteristics.C.Itsinfluencesonmemory.D.Itsbenefitsforbrainhealth.13.Whatwasthepurposeofpresentingquestionstotheparticipantsfirst?A.Toassesstheirlearningability.B.Toawakentheirpassionforlearning.C.Tomeasuretheircuriosityaboutthequestions.D.Torefreshtheirmemoryofextinctwildanimals.14WhatcanbelearnedaboutdopamineaccordingtoParagraph3?A.Itblocksmemory.B.Itfacilitateslearning.C.Itpromotesfriendship.D.Itcuresneuraldisorder.学科网（北京）股份有限公司

1915.Whichmessageaboutlearningdoestheunexpectedfindingdeliver?A.Generateinterestinstudy.B.Locusonessentialinformation.C.Makelearningmaterialsrelated.D.Attachimportancetomemorization.【答案】12.C13.C14.B15.A【解析】【导语】本文是说明文。文章主要介绍好奇心可以帮助记忆和提高学习兴趣。【12题详解】推理判断题。根据第二段“ConsiderastudyattheUniversityofCaliforniaatDavisin2014.Theresearchersfirstaskedeachparticipanttoratetheircuriosityaboutlearningtheanswerstoaseriesofquestions,suchas“Whatdoestheterm‘dinosaur’actuallymean?”TheparticipantsthenlayinanfMRIbrainscanner(扫描仪)whilethesamequestionswerepresented,followedshortlyafterbytheanswers.Theparticipantswerethentestedontheirrecollectionofthefactsanhourlater.(想想2014年加州大学戴维斯分校的一项研究。研究人员首先要求每个参与者对一系列问题的答案进行好奇心评估，比如“‘恐龙”这个词到底是什么意思?”然后，参与者躺在功能核磁共振扫描仪中，同时提出同样的问题，然后很快就会给出答案。一小时后，测试参与者对这些事实的记忆。)”和第三段的“Theeffectsofcuriosityonlaterrecallwerestriking.(好奇心对后来回忆的影响是显著的。)”可推断，这项研究关注的是好奇心对记忆力的影响。故选C。【13题详解】细节理解题。根据第二段“Theresearchersfirstaskedeachparticipanttoratetheircuriosityaboutlearningtheanswerstoaseriesofquestions(研究人员首先要求每个参与者对一系列问题的答案进行好奇心评估)”可知，首先向参与者提出问题的目的是要衡量他们对问题的好奇心。故选C。【14题详解】推理判断题。根据第三段“Dopamineisnormallyassociatedwithreward,butanimalstudiessuggestthatitcanalsoenhancetheformationofnewneural(神经的)connections.Itlookedasifthefeelingofcuriositywashelpingpreparethebraintoabsorbthenewandimportantinformation,andthisthenresultedinamorestablememory.(多巴胺通常与奖赏有关，但动物研究表明，它也能促进新的神经连接的形成。似乎好奇的感觉有助于大脑准备吸收新的重要信息，这会导致记忆更加稳定。)”可推断，多巴胺促进新的神经连接的形成，有助于大脑吸收新知识，导致记忆稳定，因此推断它可能有利于学习。故选B。【15题详解】推理判断题。根据最后一段“Thisadditional,andunexpected,memoryboostcouldbeextremelyusefulwheneverwe’retryingtolearnsomethingnewandcomplicated.We’reunlikely,afterall,tofindeverysingleelementofourstudiesinteresting.Butifwecandevelopsomecuriosityaboutatleastsomeofthefacts,wemayfindthattherestofthematerialalsosticksfarmoreeasily.(当我们努力学习新的复杂的东西时，这种额外的、意想不到的记忆增强可能会非常有用。毕竟，我们不太可能发现我们研究中的每一个元素都很有趣。但是，如果我们能对至少一些事实产生好奇心，我们可能就会发现，其余的材料也更容易铭记在心。)”可知，这个意外的发现表明好奇心可以激发学习兴趣。故选A。学科网（北京）股份有限公司

20【2023山西临汾一模】Peoplearelookingtomakemeaningaftertheglobalpandemic.Andonewaythatsomeofusdothisistocreditcoincidences—theunexpectedconcurrence(同时发生)ofevents—withhelpingtofindjobs,friendsandspouses,makesignificantcareerdecisionsandrelievepains.Scholarsdisagreeonthecauseofcoincidences.Somesaytheyarerandomandduetoprobability.OthersseeGodorspiritualforcesatwork.Stillotherssayit’soursubconsciousmakingconnections.Nomatterthecause,peoplewhostudycoincidencessaythatpayingattentiontothesemomentsmayhelpus,especiallyintimesofstress.Studiesshowthatnoticingcoincidencesmayhelpboostboththeeffectivenessofpsychotherapyandmentalwell-being.MichaelSchauch,42,aninvestment-portfoliomanagerinSquamish,BritishColumbia,whoisanavidmountaineer,losthisbestfriendBrentlastyear.Afewmonthslater,Mr.SchauchclimbedamountainheandBrentoftenscaledtogether.Atthesummit,Mr.Schauchfoundhundredsofladybugs.WhenheclimbedadifferentmountainontheanniversaryofBrent’sdeath,hesawaladybugashestartedupeachnewsectionoftherockface.“IknewatoncethatitwasBrent,andthathewasstilltherewithme,asiftosay:‘You’vegotthis,Mike.Keepgoing!’”hesays.Coincidencescanmaketheworldfeellikeitmakesgoodsense,saysDavidB.Yaden,anassistantprofessorattheJohnsHopkinsUniversitySchool.Varietiesofspiritualexperiencesshowacorrelation(关联)betweencoincidencesandanincreaseinpositiveemotions，betterpersonalrelationshipsandagreatersenseofmeaninginlife.Coincidencesaremorelikelytohappentocertainpeople.“Peoplewhoaretroubledbydistressandsearchingforsignsaremorelikelytoexperiencecoincidences,”saysBemardBeitman,apsychiatristandacoincidenceresearcher.Ifyou’dliketoenhanceyourabilitytonoticecoincidences,thereareseveralstrategies,saysLisaMiller,aclinicalpsychologist:Beopentothem.Writethemdown.Talkaboutthemwithothers.“Wereallyneedthisdeepinnerwisdom.”shesays.8.Whatcanwelearnaboutcoincidencesfromparagraph1?A.Theyhappenasexpected.B.Theyprovideguidanceorrelief.C.Theyactivatesubconsciousmind.D.Theycontributetoinvisibleforces.9.WhydoestheauthormentionMichaelSchalch’sstory?A.Toclarifythecauseofcoincidences.B.Toofferamethodofcopingwithgrief.C.Toshowthecomfortingeffectofcoincidences.D.Topresentasolidfriendshipbetweentwoclimbers.10.Whatcanweinferfromthelastparagraph?A.Luckypeopletendtobesurprisedbycoincidences.B.Wisdomistothesoulwhatmentalhealthistothebody.C.Coincidencesmeanmoretoourdailylivesthanthesurface.D.Themorewecultivatecoincidences,themorelikelytheyhappen.11.Whatisthepassagemainlyabout?A.Themeaningfulmomentsinlife.B.Thehiddenpowerofcoincidences.C.Thevariousopinionsoncoincidences.D.Thestrategiesfornoticingcoincidences.学科网（北京）股份有限公司

21【答案】8.B9.C10.D11.B【解析】【导语】这是一篇说明文。介绍了“巧合”这一心理学概念，一起研究认为其对人们和世界起到的巨大作用。【8题详解】推理判断题。根据第一段最后一句“Nomatterthecause,peoplewhostudycoincidencessaythatpayingattentiontothesemomentsmayhelpus,especiallyintimesofstress.(不管是什么原因，研究巧合的人都说，关注这些时刻可能会帮助我们，特别是在压力时期。)”可知，关注这些巧合的事情，可能对人们有所帮助，尤其当人们面临压力的时候，可推测这些巧合可能给人们提供指导或者宽慰。故选B项。【9题详解】推理判断题。根据第二段最后两句“WhenheclimbedadifferentmountainontheanniversaryofBrent’sdeath,hesawaladybugashestartedupeachnewsectionoftherockface.“IknewatoncethatitwasBrent,andthathewasstilltherewithme,asiftosay:‘You’vegotthis,Mike.Keepgoing!’”hesays.(当他在布伦特忌日爬上一座不同的山时，每开启一块新的岩石表面，他都看到一只瓢虫。他说：“我一下子就知道是布伦特，他还在那里陪着我，好像在说：‘你有这个，迈克。继续！’”。)”可知，爬山时看到和朋友布伦特之前一起看到过的瓢虫，麦可尔·沙尔奇觉得自己的朋友一直没有离开，还陪在自己身边，这缓解了他的悲伤情绪，因此可推测本文介绍他的故事，是为了呈现这种巧合带来的宽慰人的作用。故选C项。【10题详解】推理判断题。根据最后一段第二句““Peoplewhoaretroubledbydistressandsearchingforsignsaremorelikelytoexperiencecoincidences,”saysBemardBeitman,apsychiatristandacoincidenceresearcher.(精神病学家和巧合研究者贝玛德·拜特曼说：“那些被痛苦困扰并寻找痛苦征兆的人更有可能经历巧合。”)”可知，专家举例表明，痛苦的人越想找到痛苦的征兆，他就越有可能体验这种巧合，即经历类似的痛苦，故从最后一段可以推测出的是人们越是去培养巧合，这种巧合越可能出现。故选D项。【11题详解】主旨大意题。根据第一段最后一句“Nomatterthecause,peoplewhostudycoincidencessaythatpayingattentiontothesemomentsmayhelpus,especiallyintimesofstress.(不管是什么原因，研究巧合的人都说，关注这些时刻可能会帮助我们，特别是在压力时期。)”；第二段第一句“Studiesshowthatnoticingcoincidencesmayhelpboostboththeeffectivenessofpsychotherapyandmentalwell-being.(研究表明，注意巧合可能有助于提高心理治疗的有效性和心理健康。)”以及第三段第一句“Coincidencescanmaketheworldfeellikeitmakesgoodsense,saysDavidB.Yaden,anassistantprofessorattheJohnsHopkinsUniversitySchool.(约翰·霍普金斯大学学院助理教授大卫·B·亚登说，巧合会让世界觉得这很有意义。)”可知，本文各段主要讲述了“巧合”对人们和世界的作用，即“巧合”隐藏着巨大的力量。故选B项。D【2023山西临汾一模】Afteraday’slabor,AndreasFichtnerandhiscolleagueshavespliced(绞接)togetherthreesegmentsoffibers,creatinga12.5-kilometer-longfiber-optic(光学的)cable.ItwillstayburiedinthesnowtospyontheactivityofGrfmsvotn,adangerous,glacier-coveredvolcano.Fichtner,ageophysicistattheSwissFederalInstituteofTechnology,inZurich,isoneoftheresearchersusing学科网（北京）股份有限公司

22fiberopticstotakethepulseofourplanet.Muchoftheirworkisdoneinremoteplaces,fromthetopsofvolcanoestothebottomsofseas,wheretraditionalmonitoringistoocostlyordifficult.ThetechniqueusedbyFichtner’steamiscalleddistributedacousticsensing,orDAS.“It’salmostlikeradarinthefiber,”saysthephysicistGiuseppeMarraoftheUnitedKingdom’sNationalPhysicalLaboratory,inTeddington.Whileradarusesreflectedradiowavestolocateobjects,DASusesreflectedlighttodetecteventsasvariedasearthquakeactivityandmovingtraffic,andtodeterminewheretheyoccurred.Insidethecablesareopticalfibers.DASinvolvesshootingquickpulsesoflaserlightdownthefiberanddetectingbitsoflightthatscatterbacktothelasersourceduetodisturbancesintheenvironment.Whentheearth’ssurfacevibratesandshifts,itpullsthecables,soadetectorcanidentifythesesmallchanges.TheNewYorkTimespointsoutthatalthoughwirelessandsatellitetechnologyarebooming,goodold-fashionedcablesarestillthemostefficientwaytosendinformationacrossoceans.Repurposingcablescouldgivescientiststheabilitytomonitorhigh-riskzonesthatwerepreviouslyhardtoreach.Theycouldhelpdetectearthquakesandtsunamisafewsecondsearlierthantraditionalwarningsystems.Inaddition,fiber-opticcablescouldalsohelpsolvesomeofthebiggestchallengesforhumans.Intherecentyears,scientistshavestartedtousethemtomeasureoceanwavesandaccessfault(断层)information.Itisbelievedthatfiber-opticcableswillservetobenefitusgreatlyinthefuture.12.WhatisthepurposeoftheworkofFichtner’steam?A.Totrackvolcanicactivities.B.Tostrikeoilunderthesea.C.Tolengthenfiber-opticcables.D.Tokeepfiberscoveredinthesnow.13.WhatcanwelearnaboutthetechniqueofDAS?A.Itdetermineswhenandwheredisastersoccurs.B.Itusesradiowavestolocatemovingobjects.C.Itimprovestheefficiencyoftransmittinglight.D.Itdetectstinyvariationoftheearth’ssurface.14Whatdoestheunderlinedexpression“Repurposingcables”probablymean?A.Recyclingcablesinnewfields.B.Adaptingcablesforanewfunction.C.Installingcablesbeneathvolcanoes.D.Promotingcablesintomassiveproduction.15.Whatisthebesttitleforthetext?A.DASIsFeelingtheHeartbeatofVolcanoesB.SatelliteTechnologyIsBoominginOurTimesC.UndergroundCablesAreTakingthePlanet’sPulseD.Fiber-opticCablesAreGivingUsInsightsintoEarthquakes【答案】12.A13.D14.B15.C【解析】【导语】这是一篇说明文。主要讲的是地下电缆正在测量地球的脉搏以及光纤电缆在将来会给我们带来很大的好处。【12题详解】细节理解题。根据第一段“Afteraday’slabor,AndreasFichtnerandhiscolleagueshavespliced(绞接)togetherthreesegmentsoffibers,creatinga12.5-kilometer-longfiber-optic(光学)cable.Itwillstay学科网（北京）股份有限公司

23buriedinthesnowtospyontheactivityofGrfmsvotn,adangerous,glacier-coveredvolcano.”（经过一天的劳动，AndreasFichtner和他的同事们将三段纤维拼接在一起，形成了一根12.5公里长的光纤电缆。它将被埋在雪中，监视Grfmsvotn火山的活动，这是一座危险的冰川覆盖的火山。）可知，Fichtner团队工作的目的是追踪火山活动。故选A项。【13题详解】细节理解题。根据第三段中“DASinvolvesshootingquickpulsesoflaserlightdownthefiberanddetectingbitsoflightthatscatterbacktothelasersourceduetodisturbancesintheenvironment.Whentheearth’ssurfacevibratesandshifts,itpullsthecables,soadetectorcanidentifythesesmallchanges.”（DAS包括沿光纤发射快速激光脉冲，并检测由于环境干扰而散射回激光源的光位。当地球表面振动和移动时，它会拉动电缆，所以探测器可以识别这些微小的变化。）可知，我们可以从DAS技术中了解到它能探测到地球表面的微小变化。故选D项。【14题详解】词义猜测题。根据第四段中“TheNewYorkTimespointsoutthatalthoughwirelessandsatellitetechnologyarebooming,goodold-fashionedcablesarestillthemostefficientwaytosendinformationacrossoceans.”（《纽约时报》指出，尽管无线和卫星技术正在蓬勃发展，但老式的电缆仍然是跨越海洋发送信息的最有效方式。）提出老式的电缆仍然是跨越海洋发送信息的最有效方式，以及划线单词句中的“…couldgivescientiststheabilitytomonitorhigh-riskzonesthatwerepreviouslyhardtoreach.”（可以使科学家能够监测以前难以到达的高风险地区。）可猜测，划线单词Repurposingcables为“重新调整电缆用途”，结合选项B项Adaptingcablesforanewfunction“为新功能改造电缆”意思一致。故选B项。【15题详解】主旨大意题。根据文章大意以及第二段“Fichtner,ageophysicistattheSwissFederalInstituteofTechnology,inZurich,isoneoftheresearchersusingfiberopticstotakethepulseofourplanet.Muchoftheirworkisdoneinremoteplaces,fromthetopsofvolcanoestothebottomsofseas,wheretraditionalmonitoringistoocostlyordifficult.”（Fichtner是苏黎世瑞士联邦理工学院的地球物理学家，他是使用光纤测量地球脉动的研究人员之一。他们的大部分工作是在偏远的地方完成的，从火山顶部到海底，传统的监测太昂贵或太困难。）和最后一段“Inaddition,fiber-opticcablescouldalsohelpsolvesomeofthebiggestchallengesforhumans.Intherecentyears,scientistshavestartedtousethemtomeasureoceanwavesandaccessfaultinformation.Itisbelievedthatfiber-opticcableswillservetobenefitusgreatlyinthefuture.”（此外，光纤电缆还可以帮助解决人类面临的一些最大挑战。近年来，科学家们已经开始使用它们来测量海浪和获取故障信息。人们相信光纤电缆在将来会给我们带来很大的好处。）可知，文章主要讲的是地下电缆正在测量地球的脉搏以及光纤电缆在将来会给我们带来很大的好处。故文章最好的标题是“地下电缆正在测量地球的脉搏”。故选C项。【2023安徽合肥一模】Honeybeesunderstandthat“nothing”canbe“something”thathasnumericalmeaning,showingthattheyhaveaprimitivegraspoftheconceptofzero,accordingtoanewly-publishedstudyinScience.Previousexperimentshaveshownthathoneybeeshavesomefacilityfornumbers,becausetheywereableto学科网（北京）股份有限公司

24countlandmarks(地标)astheysearchedaroundforasweetreward.Butinthesetests,theinsectscouldn’tcountveryhigh-onlytoaboutfour.Still,thatmaderesearchersinAustraliaandFrancewanttoexplorewhatelsethebeescoulddowithnumbers.ScarlettHowardatRMITUniversityinMelbourneattractedbeestoawallwheretheywerepresentedwithtwosquarecards.Eachcardhadadifferentnumberofblacksymbols,suchasdotsortriangles.Howardtrainedonegroupofbeestounderstandthatsugarwaterwouldalwaysbelocatedunderthecardwiththeleastnumberofsymbols.“Theycouldcomeandseetwocirclesversus(与...相对)threecircles,orfourtrianglesversusonetriangle,”sheexplains.Thebeesquicklylearnedtoflytothecardwiththefewestsymbols,Butthentheygotanothertest,Theresearcherspresentedthebeeswithacardthathadasinglesymbolandablankcardthathadnothingonit.Thebeesseemedtounderstandthat“zero”waslessthanone,becausetheyflewtowardtheblankcardmoreoftenthanyou’dexpectiftheywerechoosingatrandom.“Whenweshowedthemzero-versussix,theydidthatatamuchhigherlevelthanzeroversusone,”Howardsays.“Sowhattellsusisthattheyconsiderzeroasanactualquantityalongthenumberline.”AuroreAvargues-Weber,aresearcherwiththeUniversityofToulouse,pointsoutevenveryyoungchildrenhavetroubleunderstandingthatzeroisanumber.“It’seasyforthemtocount‘one,two,three,four,’butzero,it’snotsomethingtocount,”sheexplains.What’smore,thebrainsofbeesareincrediblytinybrainscomparedwiththebrainsofhumans.Evenso,thebeescanunderstandtheabstractconceptofanemptysetandshesaysshefoundthatverysurprising.8.Whatdidtheearlierstudiesfindaboutbees?A.Theycouldflyhigherthanexpected.B.Theycouldunderstandsomenumbers.C.Theycouldrememberarewardwell.D.Theycouldexplorelocallandmarks.9.WhatdidbeeslearntodoinHoward’sfirsttest?A.Distinguishcirclesfromtriangles.B.Drawvarioussymbolsonthecards.C.Identifythesmallerofthetwonumbers.D.Locatesugarwaterwithsymbolshapes.10.Whydidbeesflytotheblankcardmorefrequently?A.Theyweretoldthelocationofthereward.B.Theychosetodoitthoroughlybychance.C.Theypreferredthecardwithnothingonit.D.Theythoughtofzeroasanactualnumber.11.Whyareyoungchildrenmentionedinthelastparagraph?A.Toarguethatbeeshaveasurprisingmemory.B.Toshowthatbees’giftfornumbersisamazing.C.Toexplainthatbeeslearnaswellasyoungchildren.D.Toconfirmthatbeesaresmarterthanyoungchildren.【答案】8.B9.C10.D11.B【解析】学科网（北京）股份有限公司

25【导语】本文是篇说明文。文章讲述了研究者们通过一系列的实验来测试蜜蜂对于数字的认知能力，惊奇地发现了蜜蜂对于零的概念有一个基本的理解。【8题详解】细节理解题。根据第二段“Previousexperimentshaveshownthathoneybeeshavesomefacilityfornumbers,becausetheywereabletocountlandmarks(地标)astheysearchedaroundforasweetreward.”（之前的实验表明，蜜蜂对数字有一定的能力，因为它们在四处寻找甜蜜的回报时，能够数出地标。）可知，之前的实验发现蜜蜂能够理解一些数字。故选B。【9题详解】细节理解题。根据第三段“Thebeesquicklylearnedtoflytothecardwiththefewestsymbols,”（蜜蜂很快学会了飞向符号最少的卡片。）可知，在Howard的第一个实验中，蜜蜂学会了识别数量较少的那组符号。故选C。【10题详解】细节理解题。根据第四段“Sowhattellsusisthattheyconsiderzeroasanactualquantityalongthenumberline.”（所以这告诉我们，它们把零看作数轴上的一个实数。）可知，蜜蜂更加频繁地飞向那个空白的卡片是因为它们把零当作了一个实数。故选D。【11题详解】推理判断题。根据最后一段“AuroreAvargues-Weber,aresearcherwiththeUniversityofToulouse,pointsoutevenveryyoungchildrenhavetroubleunderstandingthatzeroisanumber.”（图卢兹大学的研究员AuroreAvargues-Weber指出，即使是很小的孩子也很难理解零是一个数字。）和“Evenso,thebeescanunderstandtheabstractconceptofanemptysetandshesaysshefoundthatverysurprising.”（即便如此，蜜蜂也能理解空集的抽象概念，她说她发现这非常令人惊讶。）及全段内容可知，作者提到小孩子对于零的理解能力，是为了显示蜜蜂对于数字的认知天赋令人惊讶。故选B。D【2023安徽合肥一模】Transportisundergoingamassivetransformationsoitcanmeetsociety’sdemandsforalow-carboneconomy.Introducingelectricvehicles(EV)anddeclininggasolineusearehelping,butzero-carbonhydrogencanspeedupboththetransition(转变)andlong-termdecarbonizationoftransport.IntheUS,transportationproducesthelargestshareofallgreenhousegasemissions(排放)intheeconomyat29%,accordingtotheEnvironmentalProtectionAgency.Morethan90%oftransportfuelispetrolbased,butifmorevehiclesusedhydrogen,emissionsofthiskindwouldplummet.However,hydrogenisnotconsideredanidealreplacementforgasolineasanenginefuelforcarsbecauseitishardertostoresafely.Andwhilefuelcellelectricvehicles(FCEVs)thatturnhydrogenintoelectricitycancompetewithEVperformance-andevenout-competethemonrangeandrefilltime,extraenergyisneededtoproducethehydrogenneededforfuel.Also,findinginvestmentforstorage,pipelinesandfuelstationsisstillachallengeformanynations.Currently,governmentsworldwidearebackinggreenhydrogenprojectstoreducegreenhousegasemissionsinheavyindustrieslikefreight(货运),steel,andenergystorage.Buthydrogentransportwillneedrapidproductionmethodstocreatethefuelneededfortheworld’sroadfleet.学科网（北京）股份有限公司

26Thankfully,researchisadvancingallthetime.Nanoscale(纳米级的)thinfilmsareappliedtoimprovingthechemicalprocesstorapidlyharvesthydrogenfromtheseawater.Thesametechnologyhasbeensuccessfullyusedinsolarpowerdeviceswithhigherefficiency-to-costrates.Sincehydrogenisthemostabundantelementintheuniverseandasseawatermakesupabout96%ofallwateronEarth,thereisavirtuallylimitlesssupply.Evenwastewaterandsolidwastecancreategreenhydrogen.ResearchersatPrincetonUniversityareusingsunlighttoseparatehydrogenfromindustrialwastewater.Chemicalplantsthatcurrentlyfacehighcostsforcleaningwastewatercouldtransformitintocleanhydrogensupplies.12.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“plummet”meaninParagraph2?A.Stop.B.Decrease.C.Continue.D.Disappear.13.WhatisParagraph3mainlyabout?A.Waysofstoringhydrogensafely.B.Benefitsoffuelcellelectricvehicles.C.Challengesofusinghydrogenascarfuel.D.Differencesbetweengasolineandhydrogen.14.Whatmakesitmoreefficienttogethydrogenfromtheocean?A.Theapplicationofsolarpowerdevices.B.Themethodofidentifyingwaterelements.CTheinvention.ofthewatertransportsystem.D.Theuseofthenanoscalethin-filmtechnology.15.Whichofthefollowingcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?A.CleanEnergyHydrogenReadytoTakeOffB.TraditionalFuelsBoundtoReachaDeadEndC.HowWeCanGenerateEnergyfromHydrogenD.WhattheFutureofTransportationMayBeLike【答案】12.B13.C14.D15.A【解析】【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了清洁能源氢气的开发和利用情况。【12题详解】词句猜测题。根据划线词上文“Morethan90%oftransportfuelispetrolbased,butifmorevehiclesusedhydrogen(超过90%的交通燃料是以汽油为基础的，但如果更多的车辆使用氢)”可知，如果使用氢气的话温室气体排放量会“下降”。由此可知，划线词的意思是“下降”。故选B项。【13题详解】主旨大意题。根据第三段中的“However,hydrogenisnotconsideredanidealreplacementforgasolineasanenginefuelforcarsbecauseitishardertostoresafely.(然而，氢并不被认为是汽油作为汽车发动机燃料的理想替代品，因为氢更难安全储存)”和“Also,findinginvestmentforstorage,pipelinesandfuelstationsisstillachallengeformanynations.(此外，为储存、管道和燃料站寻找投资对许多国家来说仍然是一个挑战)”可知，本段主要讲了使用氢作为汽车燃料的挑战。故选C项。【14题详解】学科网（北京）股份有限公司

27细节理解题。根据第五段中的Thankfully,researchisadvancingallthetime.Nanoscale(纳米级的)thinfilmsareappliedtoimprovingthechemicalprocesstorapidlyharvesthydrogenfromtheseawater.(值得庆幸的是，研究一直在进步。纳米薄膜被应用于改善化学过程，以快速从海水中获取氢气)”可知，采用纳米级薄膜技术使得从海洋中获取氢气更有效。故选D项。【15题详解】主旨大意题。根据第一段中的“Introducingelectricvehicles(EV)anddeclininggasolineusearehelping,butzero-carbonhydrogencanspeedupboththetransition(转变)andlong-termdecarbonizationoftransport.(引入电动汽车（EV）和减少汽油使用是有帮助的，但零碳氢可以加快交通的转型和长期脱碳)”及下文内容可知，文章主要介绍了清洁能源氢气的开发和利用情况。由此可知，选项A“清洁能源氢准备起飞”适合用作文章标题。故选A项。【2023河南郑州一模】Youdon’tneedtobeawhaleexperttoknowthattheselargeanimalsaremostathomeinthedepthsoftheworld’smanyoceans.Youmaynotbesurprisedthen,thattherewerenosurvivorswhen477pilotwhaleswerestuckonNewZealand’sremoteChathamIslandsinOctoberin2022.Itwasoneofthecountry’slargestmassstranding(搁浅)incidents.Althoughinthepastlocalauthoritieswereabletoquicklysendteamstotryandrescuethewhales,thatperfectresultwasimpossiblethistime.AccordingtotheNewZealandwhaleprotectionnon-profitorganization“ProjectJonah“,thereweremanydifficultiesconcerninganyattemptatsavingthewhales.TheremoteChathamIslandshaveasmallpopulation,meaningtrainedmedicalmedics(医护人员)wouldbeunabletogettothesceneintime.Inaddition,therewasariskcausedbypredators(捕食者)attractedtothebeachwhichendangeredbothrescueteamsandanyothersurvivingwhales.Asaresult,thewhalesthatmanagedtosurviveforawhileonshorehadtheirdreamsofreturningtotheoceancutshort.Thedecisionwasfinallymadetoeuthanizealloftheremaininglivingwhalesonthebeach.Otherwise,itcouldhavetakenweeksforthemtodienaturally.Thoughthemedicalmedicsdidsotoputthemoutoftheirsuffering,DarenGrover,thegeneralmanagerof“ProjectJonah”,describedtheoutcomeas“heartbreaking”,accordingtotheNewYorkPost.Thisincidenttookplacelessthanamonthafter230whaleswerefoundstrandedontheAustalianislandofTasmania.Fortunately,about30ofthoseanimalswerethenabletobesavedintimebylocalauthorities,accordingtoNPR.Thecauseofthesemassstrandingincidentsisnotobviousatthemoment,althoughvarioustheorieshavebeenraised.DarenGroversaidthattheremaybeanissuewiththeanimals’echolocationability-thesensethatallowsthemtofindtheirwaythroughthewater.Ifwhalesarefoundinshallowwaters,rescuersoftenplaybackrecordingsoftheanimals’owncallstopilotthemtothesea.Asmallnumberofwhaleswillalsobemovedtolargefacilitiesforrecovery.12.Whycouldn’tthelocalauthoritiesrescuethewhalesthistime?A.Theywereafraidofbeingattackedbywhales.B.Thenumberofthestrandedwhaleswastoolarge.C.Thelocalmedicalmedicslackedrescueexperience.学科网（北京）股份有限公司

28D.Theislandwasremoteanddangerousforrescueteams.13.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“euthanize”inparagraph3probablymean?A.Refloat.B.Killwithoutpain.C.Redirect.D.Takegoodcareof.14.WhatdidDarenGroverthinkoftheresultofthismasswhalestrandingincident?A.Sorrowful.B.Astonishing.C.Unbelievable.D.Worrying.15.Whatcanbeknownaboutthemasswhalestrandingfromthepassage?A.About30whalesweresuccessfullyrescuedthistime.B.Masswhalestrandingincidentsareconsistentnowadays.C.Thereasonforthiswhalestrandingincidentremainsunclear.D.Thismasswhalestrandingincidentcouldhavebeenavoided.【答案】12.D13.B14.A15.C【解析】【导语】本文是一篇新闻报道。报道的是在新西兰的偏远的查塔姆群岛有477头领航鲸搁浅，救援队要对其进行救援面临很大的困难，目前尚不明确这些大规模的搁浅事件的原因。【12题详解】细节理解题。根据第二段中的“TheremoteChathamIslandshaveasmallpopulation,meaningtrainedmedicalmedics(医护人员)wouldbeunabletogettothesceneintime.Inaddition,therewasariskcausedbypredators(捕食者)attractedtothebeachwhichendangeredbothrescueteamsandanyothersurvivingwhales.(偏远的查塔姆群岛人口很少，这意味着训练有素的医务人员将无法及时到达现场。此外，捕食者被吸引到海滩上也存在风险，危及救援队和任何其他幸存的鲸鱼。)”可知，由于查塔姆群岛地处偏僻，且捕食者被吸引到海滩上对救援对也是风险，所以这次不能及时救援的原因是岛屿偏远且对救援队有危险。故选D项。【13题详解】词句猜测题。根据第三段中的“Otherwise,itcouldhavetakenweeksforthemtodienaturally.(否则，它们可能需要数周时间才能自然死亡。)”内的otherwise可知，划线单词所在的句子为条件，意为“如果不对剩下的这些鲸鱼进行……的话，可能要等到数周后才能自然死亡”，结合选项可以判断，此处表示的是对剩余的鲸鱼进行“人为”的让其死亡，所以划线单词的意思为“安乐死”。故选B项。【14题详解】推理判断题。根据第三段中的“Thoughthemedicalmedicsdidsotoputthemoutoftheirsuffering,DarenGrover,thegeneralmanagerof“ProjectJonah”,describedtheoutcomeas“heartbreaking”,accordingtotheNewYorkPost.(据《纽约邮报》报道，尽管医务人员这样做是为了让它们摆脱痛苦，但“约拿计划”的负责人达伦·格罗弗将结果描述为“令人心碎”。)”可知，DarenGrover认为这样处理剩余的鲸鱼的确是为了让鲸鱼摆脱痛苦，但是这个结果还是让人悲痛的。故选A项。学科网（北京）股份有限公司

29【15题详解】细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中的“Thecauseofthesemassstrandingincidentsisnotobviousatthemoment,althoughvarioustheorieshavebeenraised.(这些大规模搁浅事件的原因目前还不明显，尽管已经提出了各种理论。)”可知，大规模搁浅事件原因不明。故选C项。【2023河南安阳一模】Gender(性别)equalityatworkbenefitseveryoneandthewaytogettherefasteristoempowermenasallies(同盟)inthefight.Thedifferencebetweenwomen’sandmen’searningsisonaverage18centsperdollarearned,andevenmorethanthatforwomenofcolor.Afteryearsinwhichwomenhaveformedabouthalfofthecollege-educatedworkforce,thissignificantunchangingpaygapandthelackofrepresentationofwomenintheupperranksofseniormanagementaretroubling.Infact,onlyasurprisinglytiny7.8percentofCEOsatS&P500companieswerefemaleatthecloseof2020.Whyisittakingsolongtobreakthewell-knownglassceilingonceandforall?Atanindividuallevel,menwhoareunwillingtoworkcloselywithwomencanofcoursehaveadamagingeffectonthecareersoftheirfemalecolleagues.Butmenwhoareindifferentaboutgenderequalityandalsowithoutnecessarilymeaningtopreventwomen’sadvancement.However,menhaveneverbeenentirelyabsentfromthestruggletoexpandeconomicaccessandprofessionalopportunityforwomen.In1984theSpeakeroftheU.S.HouseofRepresentativesandanothertwoofficials-allmen-spokeoutinfavorofnamingawomantotheDemocraticParty’spresidentialcandidate,andeventually,theymadeGeraldineFerrarothevicepresident,thefirstwomanevertorunonamajorpartyticket.Ferraro’saccesstoanimportantleadershiprolewastheproductnotonlyofdecadesofactivismandprotestbywomenbutalsoofpowerfulmen’sendorsementofthosedemands,apracticethatcontinuestobeimportanttoday.In2020,DemocraticpresidentialcandidateJosephBidenmadeapromisetoselectawomanashisvice-presidentialnominee(候选人)andultimatelysharedelectoralvictorywithrunningmateKamalaHarris,thefirstwomanandfirstpersonofcolortobeelectedvicepresident.Men’svoicesareimportant.Whenmenspeakupagainstgenderdiscrimination,theynotonlybecomeobviousasallieswhocanbecountedontosupportindustryorcompanyrulestoadvanceequality,buttheyalsoimproveawarenessandacceptanceofgenderinequalityasasharedproblem,notaspecialinterest.8.Whatdoesparagraph3mainlytalkabout?A.Thereasonwhygenderequalityishardtoachieve.B.Thereasonwhymenarepowerfulatwork.C.Theresultthatgenderinequalitybringstomen.D.Theresultthatwomen’sadvancementcausestocompanies.9.Whichofthefollowingbestexplains“endorsement”underlinedinparagraph4?A.Responsibility.B.Support.C.Ignorance.D.Misunderstanding.10.Whichcanbethebesttitleforthetext?A.SupportofMenIsontheSidelines.B.GenderEqualityIsWomen’sBusiness..C.GenderInequalityIsaCommonProblem.D.TheSecrettoAchievingGenderEqualityatWork:Men学科网（北京）股份有限公司

3011.Inwhichsectionofanewspapermayyoufindthistext?A.Education.B.Society.C.Health.D.Entertainment.【答案】8.A9.B10.D11.B【解析】【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍的是性别平等问题需要男性的加入和支持才能够得到进一步的解决。【8题详解】主旨大意题。根据第三段中的“Atanindividuallevel,menwhoareunwillingtoworkcloselywithwomencanofcoursehaveadamagingeffectonthecareersoftheirfemalecolleagues.(在个人层面上，不愿意与女性密切合作的男性当然会对女性同事的职业生涯产生破坏性影响。)”可知，不愿意与女性工作的男性会对女性同事的职业生涯有破坏性影响，由此可知，男性的行为是产生性别不平等的原因之一，所以第三段分析的是性别平等很难解决的原因。故选A项。【9题详解】词义猜测题。根据第四段中的“In1984theSpeakeroftheU.S.HouseofRepresentativesandanothertwoofficials-allmen-spokeoutinfavorofnamingawomantotheDemocraticParty’spresidentialcandidate,andeventually,theymadeGeraldineFerrarothevicepresident,thefirstwomanevertorunonamajorpartyticket.(1984年，美国众议院议长和另外两名男性官员公开支持提名一名女性为民主党总统候选人，最终，他们让GeraldineFerraro担任副总统，这是有史以来第一位竞选主要政党的女性。)”可知，在男性的帮助之下，GeraldineFerraro成为有史以来第一位竞选主要政党的女性，结合划线单词所在的句子中提到的GeraldineFerraro之所以能与男性平等，不仅是几十年女性激进主义和抗议的产物，也有有权势男性支持的产物，由此可知，划线单词的意思是“支持”。故选B项。【10题详解】主旨大意题。根据首段中的“Gender(性别)equalityatworkbenefitseveryoneandthewaytogettherefasteristoempowermenasallies(同盟)inthefight.(工作中的性别平等对每个人都有好处，而更快实现目标的方法是赋予男性作为战斗中的盟友的权力。)”以及尾段中的“Men’svoicesareimportant.(男人的声音很重要。)”可知，性别平等问题的解决需要的是男性的加入和支持，结合全文内容可知，本文的主题是“男性的加入和支持是解决性别平等问题的方法之一”。故选D项。【11题详解】推理判断题。根据首段中的“Gender(性别)equalityatworkbenefitseveryoneandthewaytogettherefasteristoempowermenasallies(同盟)inthefight.(工作中的性别平等对每个人都有好处，而更快实现目标的方法是赋予男性作为战斗中的盟友的权力。)”以及下文中所讲述的内容可知，本文主要是讲述的性别平等这一社会问题，所以文章应该出现在报纸的“社会”部分中。故选B项。【2023甘肃张掖一模】Elephantsareoftenseencomfortingupsetindividualelephantswithagentletouchoftheirtrunksreportedly.It’sonethingtowitnesssomethingthatlookslikecomfortingbehavior,butanotherthingtoprovethatthisiswhatelephantsaredoing.Now,scientistshaveshownthatAsianelephantsdoindeedgetupsetwhentheyseeothersintrouble,andtheyreachouttocomfortthem.Elephants,thus,jointhelistofotheranimals,学科网（北京）股份有限公司

31includingdogs,wolvesandsomebirds,whichhavebeenshowntodoso.Elephants’responsestostressaredifficulttoexplorebecauseonehastowaitforopportunitiesforthesearisingnaturallyinthewild.However,JoshuaPlotnik,ascientistatMahidolUniversityinThailandgotaroundthisproblem.HecomparedAsianelephants’behaviorsduringtimesofstresstothoseduringperiodswhenlittleupsetsthem.For1to2weekseverymonthfornearlyayear,Plotnikspent30to180minutesdailywatchingandrecordingthebehaviorof26AsianelephantslivinginElephantNaturalParkinnorthernThailand.Otherresearchershavepreviouslyshownthatwhenupset,anelephantmovesitsearsandraisesitstail;itmayalsomakealowsoundtoshowitsstress.“Whenelephantsintheparkseeanelephantbehavinginthismanner,theytypicallyrespondbyfeelingthesameemotion,”Plotniksaid,“justaswedowhenwatchingascarymovietogether.Ifanactorisfrightened,ourheartsraceandwereachforeachother’shands—areactionknownas‘emotionalcontagion’.”“Butmorestudiesareneeded,preferablyinwildpopulations,”Plotniksaid.“Whatisuncleariswhethertheseresponsesprimarilybenefittheupsetanimals,ortheres-ponders,”ShermindeSilva,abehavioralecologist,said.However,thestudy“providesaveryinterestingfirstexplorationintothebehaviorofelephantssufferingfromstress,”saidGraemeShannon,ascientistatColoradoStateUniversity.8.Whatdoestheunderlinedphrase“gotaround”inparagraph2mean?A.Overcame.B.Faced.C.Found.D.Raised.9.WhydidPlotnikmentionthe“watchingascarymovie”situation?A.Toexplainarule.B.Topresentafact.C.Toclarifyaconcept.D.Tosupportaconclusion.10.Whatcanbeinferredaboutthestudyaccordingtothelastparagraph?A.Ithassomelimitations.B.Itconfirmsaprediction.C.Itbenefitsfuturestudies.D.Itisthoughtworthless.11.Whichcanbethebesttitleforthetext?A.ElephantscopycomfortingbehaviorB.ElephantsaskforcomfortwhenintroubleC.ElephantsareeasilyinlowspiritsD.Elephantsunderstandtheircompanions’feelings【答案】8.A9.C10.A11.D【解析】【导语】本文是说明文。研究表明，大象能感知同伴的低落情绪，且会对其进行安慰。【8题详解】词句猜测题。根据第二段中“Elephants’responsestostressaredifficulttoexplorebecauseonehastowaitforopportunitiesforthesearisingnaturallyinthewild.(大象对压力的反应是很难探索的，因为人们必须等待在野外自然产生的机会)”以及画线词上文“However,JoshuaPlotnik,ascientistatMahidolUniversityinThailand”中表示转折意义的however可知，大象对压力的反应很难探究，但是JoshuaPlotnik通过观察大象自然公园里的大象克服了这一困难。故画线词意思是“克服”。故选A。【9题详解】推理判断题。根据第三段中““Whenelephantsintheparkseeanelephantbehavinginthismanner,theytypicallyrespondbyfeelingthesameemotion,”Plotniksaid,“justaswedowhenwatchingascarymovietogether.Ifanactorisfrightened,ourheartsraceandwereachforeachother’shands—areactionknown学科网（北京）股份有限公司

32as‘emotionalcontagion’.”(“当公园里的大象看到一头大象有这种行为时，它们通常会产生同样的情绪反应，”普洛特尼克说，“就像我们一起看恐怖电影时一样。如果演员受到惊吓，我们的心跳就会加速，我们会伸手去拉对方的手——这种反应被称为‘情绪传染’。”)”可推知，Plotnik提到了“看恐怖电影”的情况是为了阐明一个概念——情绪传染。故选C。【10题详解】推理判断题。根据最后一段中““Butmorestudiesareneeded,preferablyinwildpopulations,”Plotniksaid.“Whatisuncleariswhethertheseresponsesprimarilybenefittheupsetanimals,ortheres-ponders,”ShermindeSilva,abehavioralecologist,said.(普洛特尼克说：“但还需要更多的研究，最好是在野生种群中进行。”行为生态学家ShermindeSilva说：“目前尚不清楚的是，这些反应主要是对不安的动物有利，还是对反应者有利。”)”可知，该研究还是有一定的局限性的。故选A。【11题详解】主旨大意题。根据第一段中的“Now,scientistshaveshownthatAsianelephantsdoindeedgetupsetwhentheyseeothersintrouble,andtheyreachouttocomfortthem.Elephants,thus,jointhelistofotheranimals,includingdogs,wolvesandsomebirds,whichhavebeenshowntodoso.(现在，科学家们已经证明，亚洲象在看到同类陷入困境时确实会感到不安，它们会伸出手来安慰它们。因此，大象加入了其他动物的行列，包括狗、狼和一些鸟类，它们都被证明会这样做)”和下文的研究发现可知，本文主要讲述的是大象能感知同伴的情绪并给予安慰。D选项“大象能理解同伴的感受”最符合文章标题。故选D。学科网（北京）股份有限公司