上海市奉贤区2020-2021学年高二下学期期末调研测试英语Word版含解析

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2020学年奉贤区高二第二学期期末调研测试英语试卷考试时间：120分钟满分：140分I.ListeningComprehensionSectionADirections:InSectionA,youwillheartenshortconversationsbetweentwospeakers.Attheendofeachconversation,aquestionwillbeaskedaboutwhatwassaid.Theconversationsandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaconversationandthequestionaboutit,readthefourpossibleanswersonyourpaper,anddecidewhichoneisthebestanswertothequestionyouhaveheard.1.A.Onlytheman.B.Onlythewoman.C.Boththemanandthewoman.D.Neitherthemannorthewoman.2.A.Thesameprice.B.Differentprices.C.Thesamecolor.D.Thesamesize.3.A.Christinahasgonehome.B.Christinafeelsathomethere.C.She'sknownChristinaalongtime.D.ShejustmetChristina.4.A.20.B.25.C.18.D.36.5.A.It'ssnowy.B.It'scloudy.C.It'shot.D.It'sfine6.A.Thecinema.B.Theartcenter.C.Thedininghall.D.Thetheatre.7.A.Itwasn'topenonSundays.B.Itsopeninghadbeenpostponed.C.ItwasgoingtoclosebeforeSunday.D.Itdidn'tdeservethepraiseitreceived8.A.Thegalleryisagoodplacefortheexhibition.B.Preparingfortheexhibitionwon'tbeeasy.C.Themanisn'ttellingthetruthabouttheoffer.D.Themanismakingabaddecision.9.A.Spendingmoretimeonsightseeing.B.Visitingthecitywithagroup.C.Touringthecityonafineday.

1D.Takingthemanwithheronthetour.10.A.Theairwillbecleaneriftheygotoanothercity.B.It'llsoonbetoolatetocontrolthepollution.C.Societywillnotpayattentiontothenewlaws.D.Thesituationwillimproveifchangesaremade.SectionBDirections:InSectionB,youwillheartwopassagesandonelongerconversation.Aftereachpassageorconversation,youwillbeaskedseveralquestions.Thepassagesandtheconversationwillbereadtwice,butthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Whenyouhearaquestion,readthefourpossibleanswersonyourpaperanddecidewhichoneisthebestanswertothequestionyouhaveheard.Questions11through13arebasedonthefollowingpassage.11.A.Apoliceman.B.Afireman.C.AdoctorD.Abusinessman.12.A.Turnontheradio.B.Getupearly.C.CallJohnrightaway.D.Watchthelivenews.13.A.Joewantedtobecomeamillionaire.B.BothJohnandJoediedonSept.11.C.Thefatherdiedofstomachcancereventually.D.Johnwantedtobeafirefighterbecauseofayounglady.Questions14through16arebasedonthefollowingpassage.14.A.Thenumberoffishincreasesgreatly.B.Thereefs(礁)don'tmakeanywarningsounds.C.ThelevelofCO2inseawaterincreases.D.Variouskindsofsealifeareattractedtothereefs.15.A.Bythesoundsothersealifemakes.B.BythesmellsotherfishleaveC.Bythelightsotherfishgiveoff.D.Bythewavesothersealifesends.16.A.Theywillavoidswimmingnearreefs.B.Theyaresurroundedbyenemies.C.Theycan'tfindtheirwayhome.D.Theycan'tactwiselyforweakenedsenses.

2Questions17through20arebasedonthefollowingconversation.17.A.She-hasrecentlydoneherhairandlooks-fantastic.B.Shewasrecommendedasacandidateforanaward.C.She'soccupiedinissuingawardstotheprizewinners.D.Shewasproudofherrecentchangeinherpublicimage.18.A.Becausehedidn'treceivepositivereviews.B.BecauseheknewthewomanwasbeingpoliteC.Becausehispreviousnovelwasmuchbetter.D.Becausehisworkwasmorehumorousthangreat.19.A.Johnwasanattractiveman.B.Johnwasdevotedtohisbusiness.C.JohnwasgoodatcatchingthievesD.Johnenjoyedsharinghisweddingphotos.20.A.Therobberwasarmedwithaknife.BTherobberyoccurredatthehairdresser's.C.Themanhelpedcatchtherobberbycoincidence.D.Themanwasinaparkwhentherobberyhappened.Ⅱ.GrammarandVocabularySectionADirections:Afterreadingthepassagebelow,fillintheblankstomakethepassagecoherentandgrammaticallycorrect.Fortheblankswithagivenword,fillineachblankwiththeproperformofthegivenword;fortheotherblanks,useonewordthatbestfitseachblank.FlyingHighBarringtonIrvingmadehishistoricflightandfoundedaneducationalnon-profit-makingorganization.Hismessageforkids:“Theonlything____1____separatesyoufromscientistsisdetermination,hardworkandastronglikingforwhatyouwanttoachieve.”Thesecret,hebelieves,ishavingadreaminthefirstplace,andthatstartswithlearningexperiencesthatinspirekidstobuildcareers.ThemomentofinspirationforIrvingcameattheageof15inhisparents'bookstore.Onecustomer,aprofessionalpilot,askedIrving____2____he'dthoughtaboutbecomingapilot.“ItoldhimIdidn'tthinkIwassmartenough;butthenextdayhetookmetothecockpitofthecommercial

3airplaneheflewandthenI____3____(hook).”____4____(follow)hisdream,IrvingturneddownafootballscholarshiptotheUniversityofFlorida.Hewashedairplanestoearnmoneyforaflightschoolandincreasedhisflyingskillsbypractisingathomeona$40flightsimulator(模拟)videogame.Thenanotherdreamtookhold:flyingalonearoundtheworld.Hefacedmorethan50rejectionsforsponsorship____5____convincingcompaniestodonateaircraftcomponents.Hetookoffwithnoweatherradar,nodeo-icingsystem,andjust$30inhispocket.“IliketodothingspeoplesayIcan'tdo.”After97days,26stopsanddozensofthunderstorms,hetoucheddownto____6____cheeringcrowdinMiami.“Itwasseeingsomanyyoungpeoplewatchingandlistening____7____pushedmeintogivingbackwithmyknowledgeandexperience.”Irvinghasbeendoingiteversince.Hesetuphisnon-profit-makingorganization,ExperienceAviation,____8____(mean)toincreasethenumberofyouthinaviationandscience-relatedcareers.Kidsattendprogramdealingwithhands-onroboticsprojectsandflightsimulatorchallenges.“Wewanttocreatechancesforstudents____9____theycanaccomplishsomethingamazing,”henotes.PerhapsIrving's_____10_____(powerful)educationaltoolistheexamplehisownlifeprovides.Afterlandinghisrecord-breakingflightatage23,hesaid.“EveryonetoldmeIwastooyoung,thatIdidn'thaveenoughexperience,strength,orknowledge.TheytoldmeitwouldtakeforeverandI'dnevercomehome.Well,guesswhat?”【答案】1.that2.whether/if3.washooked4.Tofollow5.before6.a7.that8.meant9.sothat10.mostpowerful【解析】【分析】这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了巴林顿·欧文进行了他历史性的飞行，并建立了一个非营利性的教育组织。文章讲述了他的个人经历以及对教育的看法。【1题详解】考查定语从句。句意：你和科学家的唯一区别是决心、努力和对你想要取得的成就的强烈渴望。此处为定语从句修饰先行词thing，先行词在从句中作主语，指物，且由theonly修饰，只能用关系代词that引导从句。故填that。

4【2题详解】考查宾语从句。句意：一个顾客，一个专业的飞行员，问欧文他是否想过成为一名飞行员。此处为宾语从句，从句不缺少成分，表示“是否”应用whether或if引导。故填whether/if。【3题详解】考查动词语态。句意：但第二天，他带我来到他驾驶的那架商用飞机的驾驶舱，我就迷上了他。根据上文“thenextdayhetookmetothecockpitofthecommercialairplaneheflew,”可知为一般过去时，主语与谓语动词构成被动关系，用一般过去时的被动语态，主语为I，谓语动词用单数。故填washooked。【4题详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：为了实现自己的梦想，欧文拒绝了佛罗里达大学的橄榄球奖学金。follow在句中应用非谓语动词形式，此处为不定式作目的状语，句首单词首字母要大写。故填Tofollow。【5题详解】考查介词。句意：在说服公司捐赠飞机部件之前，他面临了50多次赞助拒绝。结合句意表示“在……之前”，后跟动名词作宾语，应用介词before。故填before。【6题详解】考查冠词。句意：经过97天，26次停留和几十次雷雨，他在迈阿密的欢呼人群中着陆。crowd为可数名词，此处表泛指应用不定冠词，且cheering是发音以辅音音素开头的单词，应用a。故填a。【7题详解】考查状语从句。句意：看到这么多年轻人在观看和倾听，促使我用自己的知识和经验去回报社会。引导结果状语从句，表示“如此……以至于……”应用so…that…。故填that。【8题详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：他成立了非盈利组织“体验航空”，旨在增加从事航空和科学相关职业的年轻人的数量。分析句子结构可知mean在句中应用非谓语动词形式，与逻辑主语ExperienceAviation构成被动关系，故应用过去分词,bemeanttodosth.“照理/应该做某事”。故填meant。【9题详解】考查状语从句。句意：他指出：“我们希望为学生创造机会，让他们能够成就一些了不起的事情。”引导目的状语从句，表示“以便，结果是”应用sothat。故填sothat。【10题详解】考查最高级。句意：也许欧文最有力的教育工具是他自己的生活提供的榜样。结合句意表示“最有力的”可知应用形容词最高级。故填mostpowerful。SectionBDirections:Fillineachblankswithaproperwordchosenfromthebox.Eachwordcanbeusedonlyonce.Notethat

5thereisonewordmorethanyouneed.A.riseB.decisionsC.worthD.promotingE.powerF.shiftedG.reliantH.promisedI.surveyingJ.postK.connectInarecentNewYorkercartoon,ahotelclerksaystotwocustomers,“Ifthere'sanythingwecandotomakeyourstaymorepleasant,justboastingaboutitallovertheinternet.”Itisahumoroussatireonthepopularviewthatonlineconsumershaveconsiderable____11____.Afewstrongwordsonanonlinereviewsitecanmakeabusinesschangeitsoperationmodeorgobankrupt.And,infact,onlinereviewsiteshavevastlychangedthewaypeoplemakeconsumer____12____.ReviewsitessuchasYelp,AmazonandTripAdvisorofferawiderangeofopinions.Bycombiningthemtogether,consumerscanknowmoreabouttherealqualityand____13____ofaproductorservice.Whenreviewsitesstartedappearing,they____14____opportunitiestobothbusinessesandshoppers.Areviewsiteallowedsmallbusinessesto____15____withmillionsofindividuals.Onestudyfoundthataone-star____16____inYelpratingsledtoafivetoninepercentincreaseinrevenue.Forconsumers,too,thereviewsitesofferednewopportunities.Asmoreshoppinghas____17____onlinefrombrick-and-mortarstores,consumershavebecomemore____18____onthefeedbackofothercustomerstomaketheirpurchasingdecisions.Andtherearereviewsitesfornearlyeverythingthesedays—fromtravelaccommodationstobargainshopping.Butatthesametime,thedrawbacksarebecomingexposed.Foronething,thereviewscanturnasimplepurchaseintoaresearchproject.Buyingsomethingasbasicasawaterbottleonlinenowinvolves____19____adozenbrands.Onlyasmallpercentageofcustomersactually_____20_____productreviewsonline.Ina2014study,MIT'sresearchersfoundthatoneinevery15reviewsofanitemisinfactwrittenbypeoplewhohaven'tpurchasedit.Theproblemisthattheother985customersrelyonthereviewswrittenbyeveryoneofthese15people.【答案】11.E12.B13.C14.H15.K16.A17.F18.G19.I20.J【解析】【分析】

6这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了在线评论网站已经极大地改变了人们做出消费决定的方式。评论网站承诺给企业和消费者提供机会，允许小企业与数百万个人建立联系，也给消费者提供了新的机会。【11题详解】考查名词。句意：这是对网络消费者拥有相当大力量这一流行观点的幽默讽刺。空处作宾语，表示“力量”应用名词power，为不可数名词。故填power。故选E。【12题详解】考查名词。句意：事实上，在线评论网站已经极大地改变了人们做出消费决定的方式。空处作宾语，表示“决定”应用名词decision，前文没有冠词，表示数量大于一应用复数形式。故填decisions。故选B。【13题详解】考查名词。句意：通过将两者结合在一起，消费者可以更多地了解产品或服务的真正质量和价值。空处作宾语，表示“价值”应用名词worth。故填worth。故选C。【14题详解】考查动词。句意：当评论网站开始出现时，它们承诺给企业和消费者提供机会。根据后文“opportunitiestobothbusinessesandshoppers”可知，空处作谓语，表示“承诺”应用动词promise，根据上文“Whenreviewsitesstartedappearing”可知为一般过去时。故填promised。故选H。【15题详解】考查动词。句意：一个评论网站允许小企业与数百万个人建立联系。根据后文“withmillionsofindividuals”结合句意表示“与……联系”可知短语为connectwith。故填connect。故选K。【16题详解】考查名词。句意：一项研究发现，Yelp评分的一星上升会带来5%到9%的收入增长。空处作主语，表示“上升”应用名词rise，冠词a提示用单数。故填rise。故选A。【17题详解】考查动词。句意：随着越来越多的购物从实体店转向网上，消费者在做出购买决定时越来越依赖其他顾客的反馈。根据后文“onlinefrombrick-and-mortarstores”以及句意“转向”可知应用动词shift，结合上文has可知为现在完成时。故填shifted。故选F。【18题详解】考查形容词。句意：随着越来越多的购物从实体店转向网上，消费者在做出购买决定时越来越依赖其他顾客的反馈。空处作表语，表示“依赖”应用形容词reliant。故填reliant。故选G。【19题详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：现在，在网上购买像水瓶这样的基本商品需要调查十几个品牌。结合语境表示“涉及做某事”可知短语为involvedoingsth.。故填surveying。故选I。【20题详解】

7考查动词。句意：只有一小部分顾客会在网上发布产品评论。结合后文以及句意“发布”可知应用动词post，作谓语，此处为一般现在时，主语为Onlyasmallpercentageofcustomers，谓语动词用原形。故填post。故选J。III.ReadingComprehensionSectionADirections:ForeachblankinthefollowingpassagetherearefourwordsorphrasesmarkedA,B,CandD.Fillineachblankwiththewordorphrasethatbestfitsthecontext.ItdidtakemequiteawhiletostartnoticingDr.YuvalNoahHarari’swell-receivedbook:Sapiens:ABriefHistoryofHumankind(人类简史).IboughtthebookafterIheardDouWentao(arenownedTVhose)mentionitonhispodcast,andtobefrank,Ireadthefirstchapterwithlittle____21____.ButitturnedouttobethebestbookIreadin2017.WhileIwasimmediately_____22_____thebookkeptevolvingasIreadit.Thebookbeganwithabriefintroductionofthelivesandactivitiesoftheearliestproto-humans(原始人)---Neanderthals(尼安德特人),Homoerectus(直立人)andearlyHomoSapiens(智人)---andthen____23____anexaminationofwhyitwastheHomosapiens,afterhundredsofthousandsofyearsofsurvivingbutprettymuchexistinginthemiddleofthefoodchain,____24____rocketedtothetopofitwithoutanysignificantgeneticchanges,conqueredmultipleclimates,andeventuallydomesticatedtheworldaroundthemfromfarmanimalstocrops.AndHarariincludesaninterestingbutfairly____25____argumentaboutthetruenatureofourrelationshiptoourmostnecessarycrop---wheat.Thinkforamomentaboutthe____26____Revolutionfromtheviewpointofwheat.Tenthousandyearsagowheatwasjustawildgrass,oneofmany,confinedtoasmallrangeintheMiddleEast.Allofasudden,withinjustafewshortmillennia,itwasgrowingeverywhere.Sohowdidthisgrassturnfrominsignificanttoubiquitous(到处存在的)?Wheatdiditbymanipulating(操纵)Homosapienstoitsadvantage.Thisapehadbeenlivingafairlycomfortablelife____27____andgatheringuntilabout10,000yearsago,butthenbeganto____28____moreandmoreeffortincultivatingwheat.Then,humansinmanypartsoftheworldweredoinglittlefromdawntodusk____29____takingcareofwheatplants.However,thebodyofHomosapienshadnotevolvedforcultivatingwheat.Thereforehumanspines,knees,necksandarchespaidtheprice.Moreover,thenewagriculturaltasksdemandedsomuchtimethatpeoplewereforcedtosettle_____30_____nexttotheirwheatfields.Thiscompletelychangedtheirwayoflife.Wedidnot_____31_____wheat.It’stheotherwayaround.Oneofthemostimportantandsustainedideasrunningthroughthebookisthatwhatultimately_____32_____Homosapiensfromallothercreatures---othermammals,otherapes,andevenother“humans”likeNeanderthals---wasnotouropposablethumbsorsomeother_____33_____

8standards,butinsteaditwasourabilitytogenerate(生成),believeinandactuponwhatYuvalNoahNararicalls“myths”or“_____34_____”(essentiallyideasandculturalinstitutions),particularlyonalargescaleandcollectivebasis,whicheventuallytransformedusfromcreaturesthatlivedinsmall,loosely-organizedgroups(thetypicalfeatureofmostapes)toourmodernstatus.Sapiens:ABriefHistoryofHumankindisafascinatingambitiousanddifficult-to-summarizebookthatisalsojusthighly_____35_____.Soasseniorhighschoolstudents,youwon’texperiencetoomuchdifficultyfollowingtheauthor’strainofthoughts.AndIstronglyrecommendyoutoindulge(纵情于)yourselfinthiswell-writtenbook.InspiredbyYuvalNoahHarari’smind-blowingbook:Sapiens:AbriefhistoryofHumankind21.A.attentionB.evaluationC.illustrationD.expectation22.A.fascinatedB.confusedC.distractedD.uninterested23.A.turnedtoB.gaveawayC.preparedforD.wentafter24.A.naturallyB.randomlyC.suddenlyD.hardly25.A.annoyingB.touchingC.embarrassingD.depressing26.A.IndustrialB.AgriculturalC.CulturalD.Political27.A.plantingB.huntingC.tradingD.wondering28.A.spareB.resistC.investD.demand29.A.regardlessofB.contrarytoC.togetherwithD.otherthan30.A.permanentlyB.delightfullyC.temporarilyD.instantly31.A.consumeB.growC.domesticateD.harvest32.A.distinguishedB.disqualifiedC.discouragedD.dissatisfied33.A.intellectualB.physicalC.psychologicalD.moral34.A.poemsB.reportsC.documentsD.fictions35.A.complexB.overratedC.readableD.appreciated【答案】21.D22.A23.A24.C25.D26.B27.B28.C29.D30.A31.C32.A33.B34.D35.C【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，作者介绍了《智人：人类简史》这本书的主要内容并推荐大家阅读。【21题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：坦率地说，我读第一章的时候，我没抱太大的期望。A.attention注意力；B.

9evaluation估价；C.illustration图解；D.expectation期待、期望。根据空后的“ButitturnedouttobethebestbookIreadin2017.”可知，但结果它是2017年我读过的最好的一本书，转折连词But表明这个结果与我以前的想法相反，说明刚开始读的时候我对这本书没报太大的期望（没想到它会是一本好书），故D项正确。【22题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：虽然我很快就被吸引住了，但这本书在我读的过程中不断发展（越来越精彩）。A.fascinated着迷的、被深深吸引的；B.confused迷惑的；C.distracted分心的；D.uninterested不感兴趣的。根据上文中的ButitturnedouttobethebestbookIreadin2017.”可知，它是2017年我读过的最好的一本书，因此我很快就被它吸引了，故A项正确。【23题详解】考查动词短语辨析。句意：这本书首先简要介绍了最早的原始人类——尼安德特人、直立人和早期智人的生活和活动，然后转向对为什么智人能够攀升到食物顶端并驯养了周围的世界这一问题的研究——在经历了几十万年的生存之后，智人基本上处于食物链的中间，在没有任何显著的基因变化的情况下，却突然飞升到顶端，征服了多种气候，并最终驯养了它们周围的世界，从家畜到农作物。A.turnedto转向；B.gaveaway泄露；C.preparedfor为……准备；D.wentafter追求。根据空前的“Thebookbeganwithabriefintroductionofthelivesandactivitiesoftheearliestproto-humans(原始人)---Neanderthals(尼安德特人),Homoerectus(直立人)andearlyHomoSapiens”可知，这本书首先简要介绍了最早的原始人类——尼安德特人、直立人和早期智人的生活和活动，再结合空后的“nexaminationofwhyitwastheHomosapiens”可知，介绍完这些后，这本书开始转向对为什么智人能够攀升到食物顶端并驯养了周围的世界这一问题的研究，故A项正确。【24题详解】考查副词词义辨析。句意同上。A.naturally自然地；B.randomly随便地；C.suddenly突然；D.hardly几乎不。根据空后的“withoutanysignificantgeneticchanges”可知，这种变化是在没有任何显著的基因变化的情况下发生的，因此是突然的，故C项正确。【25题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：哈拉里还提出了一个有趣但相当令人沮丧的论点，即我们与最需要的作物小麦之间关系的本质。A.annoying恼人的；B.touching动人的；C.embarrassing令人为难的；D.depressing令人沮丧的。根据空前的“interestingbut”可知与“有趣的”相对的自然是“令人沮丧的”，故D项正确。【26题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：让我们从小麦的角度来思考一下农业革命。A.Industrial工业的；B.Agricultural农业的；C.Cultural文化的；D.Political政治的。根据空后的“fromtheviewpointofwheat”可知，小麦属于农作物，因此此处指“农业革命”，故B项正确。

10【27题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：这种类人猿在大约一万年前就开始过着相当舒适的狩猎和采集生活，但后来开始投入越来越多的精力来种植小麦。A.planting种植；B.hunting狩猎；C.trading交易；D.wondering想知道。根据下文中的“butthenbeganto____8____moreandmoreeffortincultivatingwheat.”可知此处讲的是智人在种植小麦以前的活动，再结合空后的“gathering”可知此处指“狩猎和采集”，故B项正确。【28题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意同上。A.spare分让；B.resist抵抗；C.invest投资；D.demand要求。根据空后的“moreandmoreeffortincultivatingwheat”可知，后来它们开始投入越来越多的精力来种植小麦，故C项正确。【29题详解】考查介词短语辨析。句意：那时，世界上许多地方的人类除了照料小麦以外，从早到晚几乎什么也不做。A.regardlessof不管；B.contraryto与……相反；C.togetherwith连同；D.otherthan除了。根据空前的“doinglittlefromdawntodusk”及空后的“takingcareofwheatplants”可知此处指“除了照料小麦以外，从早到晚几乎什么也不做”，故D项正确。【30题详解】考查副词词义辨析。句意：此外，新的农业任务需要如此多的时间，人们被迫永久定居在他们的麦田附近。A.permanently永久地；B.delightfully快乐地；C.temporarily临时地；D.instantly立即地。根据空前的“thenewagriculturaltasksdemandedsomuchtime”可知，新的农业任务需要大量的时间，因此人们被迫永久定居在麦田附近，故A项正确。【31题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：我们没有驯养小麦。A.consume挥霍；B.grow种植；C.domesticate驯养；D.harvest收获。根据空后的“It’stheotherwayaround.”可知，这种生活方式和人类以前的生活方式正好相反，这说明人类以前没有驯养小麦，上文中的“domesticatedtheworldaroundthemfromfarmanimalstocrops”也是提示，故C项正确。【32题详解】1考查动词词义辨析。句意：贯穿全书的一个最重要和最持久的观点是，最终将智人与所有其他生物——其他哺乳动物、其他类人猿，甚至像尼安德特人这样的其他“人类”区别开来的，不是我们的对生拇指或其他一些身体标准，而是我们创造、信仰和行动的能力，哈拉里称之为“神话”或“小说”（基本上是思想和文化体系）。A.distinguished区别、区分；B.disqualified取消资格；C.discouraged使灰心；D.dissatisfied使不满意。根据空后的“Homosapiensfromallothercreatures”可知此处指“将智人与所有其他生物区别开来”，故A项正确。

11【33题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意同上。A.intellectual智力的；B.physical身体上的；C.psychological心理的；D.moral道德的。根据空前的“opposablethumbs”可知，对生拇指属于身体特征，因此此处指“身体标准”，故B项正确。【34题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意同上。A.poems诗；B.reports报告；C.documents文档；D.fictions小说。根据空前的“myths”可知此处指“小说”，故D项正确。【35题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：《智人：人类简史》是一本引人入胜、难以概括的书，可读性很强。A.complex复杂的；B.overrated高估的；C.readable读起来津津有味的、可读的；D.appreciated受欢迎的。根据空前的“Sapiens:ABriefHistoryofHumankindisafascinatingambitiousanddifficult-to-summarizebook”可知，《智人：人类简史》是一本引人入胜、难以概括的书，可读性很强，故C项正确。【点睛】本篇第1空A项attention的干扰性较大，有些同学会认为我刚开始并没有集中精力读这本书而误选此项，但根据空后的“ButitturnedouttobethebestbookIreadin2017.”可知，但结果它是2017年我读过的最好的一本书，转折连词But表明这个结果与我以前的想法相反，说明刚开始读的时候我对这本书没报太大的期望，言外之意，我没想到它会是一本好书，即：坦率地说，我读第一章的时候，我没抱太大的期望，故D项（expectation）正确。SectionBDirections:Readthefollowingthreepassages.Eachpassageisfollowedbyseveralquestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.Choosetheonethatfitsbestaccordingtotheinformationgiveninthepassageyouhavejustread.(A)WhenIwasapuppy,Ientertainedyouandmadeyoulaugh.Youcalledmeyourchild,anddespiteanumberofchewedshoesandacoupleofmurderedpillows,Ibecameyourbestfriend.WheneverIwas“bad”,you’dshakeyourfingeratmeandask“Howcouldyou?”—butthenyourolledmeoverforabelly(腹部)rub.Irememberthosenightsofrubbingyouinbedandlisteningtoyoursecretdreams,andIbelievedthatlifecouldnotbeanymoreperfect.Gradually,youbeganspendingmoretimeatworkandonyourcareer,andmoretimesearchingforahumanmate.She,nowyourwife,isnota“dogperson”—stillIwelcomedherintoourhome,triedtoshowheraffection,andobeyedher.Iwashappybecauseyouwerehappy.ThenthehumanbabiescamealongandIsharedyourexcitement.Iwasfascinatedbythepinkness,howthey

12smelled,andIwantedtomotherthem,too.OnlysheandyouworriedthatImighthurtthem,andIspentmostofmytimeinanotherroom.Therehadbeenatime,whenothersaskedyouifyouhadadog,thatyouproducedaphotoofmefromyourwalletandtoldthemstoriesaboutme.Thesepastfewyears,youjustanswered“yes”andchangedthesubject.Ihadgonefrombeing“yourdog”to“justadog”.Now,youhaveanewcareeropportunityinanothercity,andyouandtheywillbemovingtoanotherapartmentthatdoesnotallowpets.You’vemadetherightdecisionforyour“family”,buttherewasatimewhenIwasyouronlyfamily.Peopleintheanimalshelterareattentivetome,butIlostmyappetite.Atfirstwheneveranyonepassed,Irushedtothefront,hopingitwasyou—thatthiswasallabaddreamorIhopeditwouldatleastbesomeonewhocared,anyonewhomightsaveme.36.Howdidthedog’sownertreatthepuppywhenitwasatayoungerage?A.Heentertainedthepuppywithjokesandgestures.B.Hetreatedthepuppyasifitwereafamilymember.C.Hedisciplinedthepuppywhenitmadeamess.D.Hekeptthepuppyatadistanceforthechewedshoes.37.Whywasthepuppyexcludedfromtheroomafterthebabieswereborn?A.Thepuppywastemptedbythebabies’pinknessandsweetsmell.B.Thepuppyposesaseriousdangertothehealthandwell-beingofbabies.C.Thecouplewereconcernedthatthebabieswouldbeindanger.D.Themasterenviedthenaturalaffectionbetweenthebabiesandthepuppy.38.Whatcanweinferfromthelast3paragraphs?A.Itwashardforthepuppytoacceptthefactthatitwasignored.B.Themasterhadamixedfeelingfortheadvancementincareer.C.Thepuppyfeltrelievedforthemaster’sestablishmentofanewfamily.D.Itwasurgentforthemastertogiveupthepuppyandmovetoanothercity.39.Whichofthefollowingcouldbethebesttitleforthepassage?A.AGoodHearttoLeanonB.NewMemberoftheFamilyC.TheWordsofanAbandonedDogD.AnimalShelter:theLastHomeforPuppies【答案】36.B37.C38.A39.C【解析】

13【分析】这是一篇记叙文。一只忠诚但被遗弃的狗在讲述自己从小到大和主人在一起的点点滴滴的故事，主人对小狗疼爱有加，工作之余陪着小狗一起进行室内训练，带着小狗一起去公园散步，骑车，吃冰激凌,慢慢地主人的工作越来越忙，小狗见证了主人娶妻生子的整个历程，分享主人的幸福和喜悦．如今，主人要去另外一个城市从事新的工作，他们要搬到一个不允许带宠物的公寓里去，小狗表现了对主人依依不舍的感情。【36题详解】推理判断题。由第一段“WhenIwasapuppy,Ientertainedyouandmadeyoulaugh.Youcalledmeyourchild,anddespiteanumberofchewedshoesandacoupleofmurderedpillows,Ibecameyourbestfriend.WheneverIwas“bad”,you’dshakeyourfingeratmeandask“Howcouldyou?”—butthenyourolledmeoverforabelly(腹部)rub”可知，当我还是一只小狗的时候，我的顽皮滑稽每每惹来你发笑，为你带来欢乐。你把我叫做你的孩子，虽然家里许多鞋子和一些靠枕都被我咬得残缺不全，我依然是你最好的朋友。无论什么时候我干了“坏”事，你总会对我摇摇手指说：“你怎么可以这样呢？”不过最后你都会原谅我，把我扑倒然后搓我的肚皮。所以通过小狗的回忆可以看出，小狗的主人在小狗年幼时把小狗当家人一样对待。故B选项正确。【37题详解】细节理解题。由第四段“OnlysheandyouworriedthatImighthurtthem,andIspentmostofmytimeinanotherroom.”可知，小狗的主人夫妇害怕他弄伤婴儿，所以整天把小狗关在另一间房间里。所以是因为这对夫妇担心孩子会有危险。故C选项正确。【38题详解】推理判断题。由第三段“Therehadbeenatime,whenothersaskedyouifyouhadadog,thatyouproducedaphotoofmefromyourwalletandtoldthemstoriesaboutme.Thesepastfewyears,youjustanswered“yes”andchangedthesubject.Ihadgonefrombeing“yourdog”to“justadog”.”可知，曾几何时，人们问起你家里有没有宠物时，你总是毫不迟疑地从包里掏出我的照片，向他们娓娓道出我的轶事。可是，近几年有人问起同一个问题，你却只是冷冷地回答“是”，随即就转向别的话题。我已经从“你的狗儿”变成只是“一条狗”了。所以通过小狗主人态度的对比，我们能从倒数三段中推断出小狗很难接受自己被忽视的事实。故A选项正确。【39题详解】

14主旨大意题。通读全文可知，一只忠诚但被遗弃的狗在讲述自己从小到大和主人在一起的点点滴滴的故事，主人对小狗疼爱有加，工作之余陪着小狗一起进行室内训练，带着小狗一起去公园散步，骑车，吃冰激凌，慢慢地主人的工作越来越忙，小狗见证了主人娶妻生子的整个历程，分享主人的幸福和喜悦．如今，主人要得另外一个城市从事新的工作，他们要搬到一个不允许带宠物的公寓里去，小狗表现了对主人依依不舍的感情。所以短文都是围绕着“一只被遗弃的狗说的话”而展开的。故短文的最佳标题为“一只被遗弃的狗说的话”。故C选项正确。【点睛】通过对事物的对比或者比较是解决推理判断题的重要解题方法，通过对事物的对比，能够判断出事物的不同点，差距等，意在突出对方的优点或者缺点，或者判断出作者的态度，或者反映出一定的事实。由第三段“Therehadbeenatime,whenothersaskedyouifyouhadadog,thatyouproducedaphotoofmefromyourwalletandtoldthemstoriesaboutme.Thesepastfewyears,youjustanswered“yes”andchangedthesubject.Ihadgonefrombeing“yourdog”to“justadog”.”可知，曾几何时，人们问起你家里有没有宠物时，你总是毫不迟疑地从包里掏出我的照片，向他们娓娓道出我的轶事。可是，近几年有人问起同一个问题，你却只是冷冷地回答“是”，随即就转向别的话题。我已经从“你的狗儿”变成只是“一条狗”了。所以通过小狗主人态度的对比，我们能从倒数三段中推断出小狗很难接受自己被忽视的事实。故小题3的正确选项为A选项。(B)PublicNoticeofSleepNoMoreShanghai1.WhatprotectivemeasuresatSleepNoMorehavebeenputinplace?•Theshowareawillbecleanedwithdisinfectantthreetimesaday,includingbeforeandaftereachperformance.•Thenumberoraudiencesforeachperformancewillnotexceed75%ormaximumcapacity.•Allaudienceandstaff'membersarerequiredtowearfacemasksintheshowarea.•Toleavesufficienttimefordisinfection,thestarttimeformatinee(日场)performanceonweekendshasbeenadjustedto14:00.2WhatdoIneedtopreparebeforetheshow?Arethereanyadjustmentstotheshow?•PleaseapplyfortheShanghaiHealthCodeandcheckthatit'sgreeninadvance.•Beforeentry,thebodytemperatureofallaudiencemembersmustbetaken.•Audiencememberswillnotbeadmittedunderanyofthefollowingcircumstances:•don'twearyourfacemask;•yourShanghaiHealthCodeisinvalidornotinagreenstatus;•yourbodytemperatureisabove37.3℃;•anyothersymptomofCOVID-19isobserved.•TheMcKinnonHotel'scustomizedwillbeonsaleforaudience.3.IstheSleepNoMorecompanymonitoringthehealthstatusofitsperformersaswellasstaffmembers?AllChineseandinternationalperformersaswellasstaffmembersofSleepNoMorehavebeenquarantinedfor14dayswithnosymptoms.

15•Bodytemperaturesaretakenandrecordeddaily.•Anymemberofthecompanywillbeputinself-quarantineiftheyreportanysymptomsandsenttohospitalifnecessary.4.Afterbookingonline,canIcollectmypaperticketbeforehand?•Tominimizerisk,itisnowpossibletocollectpaperticketsbeforethedateofshowattheboxoffice.•PleasecollectyourticketsattheSleepNoMoreboxofficeuptotwoweeksinadvance.•Audiencememberswillbeadmittedviatheirpapertickets.•Kindreminder:pleasekeepyourpapersticketsafeasitwillnotbereplacediflost.•Theboxofficewillbeopenfrom10:30to17:00sevendaysaweek.5.Afterbooking,canIgetarefundformyticketorexchangeitforanotherdate?Ifthebookedperformanceiscancelledduetoforcemajeure,ticketrefundsorexchangeswillbeavailable.Otherwise,ticketexchangeisonlyavailableunderanyofthefollowingcircumstances:•TheaudiencemembercannotcometoshowduetoCOVID-19.•Theaudiencemember'sbodytemperatureisabove37.3℃andcannotbeadmittedtoSleepNoMore.40.Whichofthefollowingisnotincludedinprotectivemeasures?A.Theshowareamustbethoroughlydisinfected.B.Theaudiencenumberislimited.C.Alltheaudiencemustwearfacemasks.D.Publicrestroomsareforbidden.41.Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingistrue?AAudiencecanentertheshowareaatnoononweekends.B.Audiencecanexchangee-ticketsforpaperticketsupto14daysinadvance.C.IfaudienceholdtheShanghaiHealthCode,theydon'tneedtotakebodytemperature.D.Internationalperformershavebeenquarantinedfor14daysbeforeenteringChina.42.Whichofthefollowingsituationallowsaudiencetokeeptheticketvalid?AAudiencemeetwithforcemajeure.B.Audiencelosethepapertickets.C.AudienceareinfectedwithCOVID-19afterbookingthetickets.D.Audiencehaveclosecontactwithperformersoftheshow.【答案】40.D41.B42.C【解析】【分析】本文是一篇应用文。文章是上海SleepNoMore演出的观众入场须知。【40题详解】

16推理判断题。通过文章第一部分“Theshowareawillbecleanedwithdisinfectantthreetimesaday,includingbeforeandaftereachperformance.Thenumberoraudiencesforeachperformancewillnotexceed75%ormaximumcapacity.Allaudienceandstaff'membersarerequiredtowearfacemasksintheshowarea.(表演区域每天用消毒剂清洗三次，包括每次表演前后。每次演出的人数或观众人数不得超过75%或最大容量。所有观众和工作人员在展区必须戴口罩)”可知，展区必须彻底消毒，观众人数有限，以及所有的观众都必须戴口罩都属于防护措施，可推知，禁止使用公共厕所不属于防护措施。故选D项。【41题详解】推理判断题。根据文章第四部分“PleasecollectyourticketsattheSleepNoMoreboxofficeuptotwoweeksinadvance.Audiencememberswillbeadmittedviatheirpapertickets.(请提前两周到SleepNoMore票房取票。观众将通过纸质门票入场)”可推知，观众最多可提前14天将电子门票兑换成纸质门票。故选B项。【42题详解】细节理解题。通过文章最后一部分“Otherwise,ticketexchangeisonlyavailableunderanyofthefollowingcircumstances:TheaudiencemembercannotcometoshowduetoCOVID-19.(否则，只有在下列任何情况下，才可换票：观众因COVID-19无法前来观看演出)”可知，在观众在订票后感染了COVID-19的情况下，允许观众保留门票有效。故选C项。(C)Artificialintelligencehaspassedaclassictheoryofmindtestusedwithchimpanzees.ThetestexaminestheabilitytoperceivetheworldfromthepointofviewofanotherindividualandsoAIswiththisskillcouldbebetteratcooperatingandcommunicatingwithhumansandeachother.TocreatetheirAI,RaulVicenteattheUniversityofTartuinEstoniaandhiscolleagueswereinspiredbyananimalstudythatlookedatthefeedinghabitsofdominantandsubordinatechimpanzees."Chimpanzeeshavethesehierarchical(等级制的)structuresintheirsocietyand,inprinciple,thedominantonealmostalwaysgetsthefood,"saysVicente.Thechimpstudyshowedthatthesubordinate(下属的)animalwouldonlygoforfoodthatitknewthedominantanimalcouldn'tsee,suggestinganabilitytoplaceitselfinanother’sposition.Toreplicatethisset-up,Vicenteandhiscolleaguescreatedavirtual11-by-11GridinwhichtheyplacedtwoAIs-onedominantandonesubordinate–andasinglepieceoffoodindifferentorientationsandlocations.ThesubordinateAIwasabletomovewithinthegrid,andwasgivenpointsifitatefoodthatthedominantagentcouldn'tsee,butlostpointsifitatefoodinthedominantagent'ssight.Itlearnedviatrialanderror,inaprocesscalledreinforcementlearning,whetherornottomovetowardsthefood.AkeydifferencebetweenapesandtheAIisthattheAIrequiredseveralthousandtrialsbeforeitlearnedthe

17task,whilechimpanzeesunderstooditintuitively.Beingabletounderstandtheperspectiveofotherindividualsenablescommunication,cooperationandcompetition,saysVicente."Itisabsolutelyessentialforsurvivalforanysocialspecies.”AIswiththeoryofmindarekeytobuildingmachinesthatcanunderstandtheworldaroundthem.Inrecentyears,theskillhasbeendevelopedinarobotwhosememoriesaremodelledonhumanbrainsandinDeepMind'sToM-net,whichunderstandsthatotherscanhavefalsebeliefs.Theultimategoalofthiskindofresearchisformachinestobecomebetteratcommunicatingwithpeople,butitwillbealongtimebeforeAIsdeveloptheoryofmindatalevelcomparabletohumans,saysVicente.“Itwillbefunandeffectivetointeractwiththeseagentswhentheyareabletoputthemselvesinourperspective,”saysVicente,becauseAIswiththeoryofmindwouldbeabletocommunicatethingsthatwedon'tknoworcan'tsee.ButJoannaBrysonattheUniversityofBathintheUKsaysthatAIsthatdeveloptheabilitytoseefromotherperspectiveswon'tnecessarilyleadtomachinesthataremorelikehumans,asthereareotheraspectsoftheoryofmindthataren'tyetwell-capturedinvirtualtests.43.Whichofthefollowingstatementsaboutthechimpstudyistrue?A.Thesubordinatechimpfailedtogetthefoodduetotheirpooreyesight.B.TheinequalityamongchimpsdeservesourcarefulconsiderationC.AIscanlearnalotfromchimpssothattheycanbecomemoreuser-friendly.D.ThechimpstudyoffersacluetodevelopingAl'scapacitytofollowsocialpatterns.44.Theword"replicate"(Paragraph3)isclosestinmeaningto“________”.A.copyB.publishC.discoverD.review45.Whatcanbeinferredfromthepassage?A.ThesubordinateAIcouldidentifywhethertoeatthefoodfromtheverybeginningB.CreatingAIswithathinkingpatternsimilartothatofhumansisnotawalkinthepark.C.Itwon'tbelongbeforewecandevelopAIsthatcanrecognizeothers'falsebeliefs.D.AIscan'tmatchhumansintheoryofmindmainlybecausetheyhavepoormemories46.Whatdoesthepassagemainlytalkabout?A.AIcancommunicatewellwithhumansasapesdo.B.ThereisalongwaytogobeforeAIthinkslikehumans.C.AIlearnshowtoimagineitselfinanother'sshoes.D.Chimpanzeesareabletothinkfromothers'perspectives.【答案】43.D44.A45.B46.C

18【解析】【分析】这是一篇说明文。短文介绍了人工智能学习如何站在别人的角度想象自己。【43题详解】细节理解题。根据第一段“Artificialintelligencehaspassedaclassictheoryofmindtestusedwithchimpanzees.”（人工智能已经通过了一项用于黑猩猩的经典思维理论测试）根据第二段“TocreatetheirAI,RaulVicenteattheUniversityofTartuinEstoniaandhiscolleagueswereinspiredbyananimalstudythatlookedatthefeedinghabitsofdominantandsubordinatechimpanzees.”（为了创建他们的人工智能，爱沙尼亚塔尔图大学的RaulVicente和他的同事们受到了一项动物研究的启发，他们研究了占主导地为的黑猩猩和占从属地位的黑猩猩的食性）根据第四段“Toreplicatethisset-up,Vicenteandhiscolleaguescreatedavirtual11-by-11GridinwhichtheyplacedtwoAIs-onedominantandonesubordinate–andasinglepieceoffoodindifferentorientationsandlocations.ThesubordinateAIwasabletomovewithinthegrid,andwasgivenpointsifitatefoodthatthedominantagentcouldn'tsee,butlostpointsifitatefoodinthedominantagent'ssight.Itlearnedviatrialanderror,inaprocesscalledreinforcementlearning,whetherornottomovetowardsthefood.”（为了复制这一设置，Vicente和他的同事们创建了一个虚拟的11乘11网格，在其中他们将两个AI（一个主AI和一个从AI）和一块食物放置在不同的方向和位置，从属AI能够在网格内移动，如果它吃了主AI看不见的食物，就会得到分数，但是如果它吃了主AI看的见的食物，就会失去分数。它通过反复试验，在一个叫做强化学习的过程中，学会了是否向食物靠近）由此可知，对黑猩猩的研究为发展AI的社会模式能力提供了线索。故选D项。【44题详解】词句猜测题。根据第四段“Vicenteandhiscolleaguescreatedavirtual11-by-11GridinwhichtheyplacedtwoAIs-onedominantandonesubordinate–andasinglepieceoffoodindifferentorientationsandlocations.”(Vicente和他的同事们创建了一个虚拟的11乘11网格，在其中他们将两个AI-一个主AI和一个从AI-和一块食物放置在不同的方向和位置。)由此可知，AI的设置模式是模仿了占主导地为的黑猩猩和占从属地位的黑猩猩的模式。所以划线词的意思是“复制，模仿”的意思。故选A项。【45题详解】推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“Theultimategoalofthiskindofresearchisformachinestobecomebetteratcommunicatingwithpeople,butitwillbealongtimebeforeAIsdeveloptheoryofmindatalevelcomparabletohumans,saysVicente.”(维森特说，这类研究的最终目标是让机器更好地与人沟通，但人工智能要发展出与人类相当的心智理论还需要很长时间。)由此判断出，创造一个思维模式与人类相似的人工智能并不是轻而易举的事。故选B项。【46题详解】

19主旨大意题。根据第一段“ThetestexaminestheabilitytoperceivetheworldfromthepointofviewofanotherindividualandsoAIswiththisskillcouldbebetteratcooperatingandcommunicatingwithhumansandeachother.”(这项测试检验的是从另一个人的角度看世界的能力，因此具有这项技能的人工智能能够更好地与人类和其他人合作和交流。)以及下文的具体解释可知，短文主要在讲人工智能学习如何站在别人的角度想象自己。故选C项。SectionCDirections:Readthepassagecarefully.Fillineachblankwithapropersentencegiveninthebox.Eachsentencecanbeusedonlyonce.Notethattheretwomoresentencesthanyouneed.Englishischanging,INNT(isn’tit)?MillionsofpeoplearoundtheworldarelearningEnglishbuthowmanyofthemrealisethattheEnglishtheyarelearningisconstantlychanging?Newwordsareenteringthelanguage,existingwordsaredevelopingnewmeaningsandotherwordsaretailingoutofuse.____47____Sowhatdrivesthesechangesandshouldwetrytostopthem?Notsurprisingly,technologyisresponsibleforalotofnewwords.Twentyyearsago,nooneknewwhata“blog”wasbutwhenpeoplebeganwritingweblogsonline,thephrasewasquicklyshortenedto“blog”andthewriterwascalleda“blogger”.Andnowadays,internetusersareconstantlywarnedaboutthedangersof“phishing”,wherecriminalstrytogetyourcreditcardandbankdetailsbysendingdishonestmails.____48____Criminalsuseemailstocatchvictimsjustlikefishermenusewormstocatchfish.Thearrivaloftextingonmobilephonescreatedaquickandeasywaytostayintouchwithfriends.ItalsocreatedtheneedforaveryshortformofEnglish—atextmessageisonly160characterslong.Insteadofwriting“seeyoulater”,teenagersstartedtowrite“cu18r”andwhentheyfoundsomethingfunny,theywrote“lol”.insteadof“laughoutloud”.Atthemomentitisstillwrongtousethislanguageinessays,jobapplicationsandsoon.____49____Itwillchangesoon,Ithink,lol!GlobalisationhasbeenaneffectivewayofspreadingEnglisharoundtheworld.Butnowmanypeoplebelievethatnon-nativespeakersofEnglisharecreatingtheirownformofthelanguage,whichhasbeennamedGlobish.Withitslimitedvocabularyandsimplesentences,thisformofEnglishenablesaSpanishbusinessmantocommunicateeasilywithaChinesestudent,forexample.____50____Perhapsitalreadyis!Soifwecouldtravelintothefuture,wouldwefindpeopleallovertheworldspeakingacommonlanguage?Probablynotbutatleastcommunicationmightbesimpleroneday…innit?A.It’squickerandeasierthanusingtherightquestiontag.B.ButhowlongwillitbebeforetextspeakisstandardEnglish?

20C.Thewordisavariationon“fishing”.D.EventhegrammarofEnglishischangingslowly.E.SomepeoplebelieveGlobishwillbeLiemostcommonlyspokenlanguageintheworldoneday.F.Somepeoplearetakingastandagainstteentextspeakandslang.【答案】47.D48.C49.B50.E【解析】【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述随着历史的变迁，英语语言的运用也随之改变。【47题详解】上文“Newwordsareenteringthelanguage,existingwordsaredevelopingnewmeaningsandotherwordsaretailingoutofuse.（新词不断地进入英语，现有的词不断地产生新的含义，而其他的词则逐渐被淘汰。）”具体讲述了英语的变化，D项“EventhegrammarofEnglishischangingslowly.（甚至英语的语法也在慢慢改变。）”继续说明英语的变化，衔接上文。故选D项。【48题详解】上文“Andnowadays,internetusersareconstantlywarnedaboutthedangersof“phishing”,wherecriminalstrytogetyourcreditcardandbankdetailsbysendingdishonestmails.（如今，互联网用户不断被警告“网络钓鱼”的危险，罪犯试图通过发送不诚实的邮件获取你的信用卡和银行信息。）”和下文“Criminalsuseemailstocatchvictimsjustlikefishermenusewormstocatchfish.（罪犯用电子邮件来抓受害者，就像渔民用蠕虫抓鱼一样。）”是对“phishing”的解释，C项“Thewordisavariationon“fishing”.（这个词是fishing(钓鱼)的变体。）”说明phishing的由来，承上启下。故选C项。【49题详解】上文“Atthemomentitisstillwrongtousethislanguageinessays,jobapplicationsandsoon.（目前，在论文、求职申请等中使用这种语言仍然是错误的。）”说明这种语言还没有作为标准语言使用。下文“Itwillchangesoon,Ithink,lol!（很快就会改变的，我想，哈哈!）”是对某一问题的回答。B项“ButhowlongwillitbebeforetextspeakisstandardEnglish?（但是，还有多久短信会话才会成为标准英语呢?）”和下文的回答相衔接。故选B项。【50题详解】上文“Withitslimitedvocabularyandsimplesentences,thisformofEnglishenablesaSpanishbusinessmantocommunicateeasilywithaChinesestudent,forexample.（例如，由于词汇量有限，句子简单，这种形式的英语使西班牙商人能够轻松地与中国学生交流。）”说明全球语在非英语母语者中使用的原因。下文“Perhapsitalreadyis!（或许它已经是了！）”是对某一种观点的肯定。E项“SomepeoplebelieveGlobishwillbeLiemostcommonlyspokenlanguageintheworldoneday.

21（有些人认为全球语有一天会成为世界上最常用的语言。）”说明有人认为全球语有很好的发展前景，承上启下，符合语境。故选E项。IV.SummaryWriting51.Directions:Readthefollowingpassage.Summarizethemainideaandthemainpoint(s)ofthepassageinnomorethan60words.Useyourownwordsasfaraspossible.Wherearethebees?Beesareessentialtotheproductionoffoodweeat.Beesmakehoney,buttheyalsopollinatelargeareasofcrops,suchasstrawberries,applesandonions.Aboutathirdofthefoodweeatisaresultofpollinationofthebees.Unfortunately,beeshavebeendisappearingatanalarmingrate.In2006,beekeepersstartedreportingaboutsomethingcalledColonyCollapseDisaster(CCD).ThemainsignofCCDisthelossofadulthoneybeesfromahive.InOctoberof2006,somebeekeepersreportedthattheyhadlostbetween30and90percentoftheirhives.Thereweremanytheoriesforthedisappearanceofthebees.Butthemostconvincingonehastodowithpesticidesandlifestylesofbeestoday.Nowadays,beekeepergetmostoftheirincomenotfromproducinghoneybutfromrentingbeestopollinateplants.Thismeansthatthelifeofthetypicalbeenowconsistsoftravellingallaroundthecountrytopollinatecropsastheseasonschange.Thatmeansalotoftravelingontrucks,whichisverystressfultobees.Itisnotunusualforupto30%ofthehivetodieduringtransportduetostress.Inaddition,beesthatspendmostoftheirtimelockedupontrucksarenotexposedtowhattheyusuallyliveon.Instead,theyliveonasweetliquidfromcorn,usuallypollutedwithpesticides.Theexactreasonforthedisappearanceofbeesisnotsure,butlosingbeesisverycostlytotheeconomy.Thebeepollinationservicesareworthover$8billionayear.Withnobees,pollinationwillhavetobedonebyhand,whichwouldhaveeffectsonthequalityoffoodandincreasedfoodpriced.Wehearalotaboutbigenvironmentaldisastersalmosteveryday.Butoneofthebiggestmayjustbethelessofthattinyflyinginsect.____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________【答案】Beesnotonlyprovideuswithhoney,butalsohelppollinatecrops.However,theyaredisappearingatanalarmingrateforunknowreason,whichwillbedisastroustousandeconomy.Somepeoplethinkitisthepesticidewhileothersthinkitisduetotransport.【解析】

22【分析】本文属于环保文章，介绍蜜蜂正以惊人的速度消失，这可能和运输、农作物使用杀虫剂以及环境有关，但是没人知道确切原因。要求考生阅读完总结论点，不能超过60个词。【详解】第一步，归纳各个段落的段落大意，第一段讲述蜜蜂对我们很重要，但是却以惊人的速度消失，第二段讲述蜜蜂出现这种状况的情形，第三段讲述可能造成此现象的原因；第四段讲述这种现象对我们和经济的影响。第二步，可以择出重要的信息，蜜蜂对我们很重要，但是却以惊人的速度消失，可能造成此现象的原因，以及影响。第三步，得出答案，注意过渡与衔接，字数控制在60字以内。【点睛】概要写作做题技巧。概要写作不是对段落大意的简单堆积，需要学生读懂文章的大概意思和文章结构，还需要一定写作替换技巧，且注意语言的简洁性。第一步，确定文章的话题和各段的段落大意，比如本文话题为蜜蜂的消失，第一段讲述蜜蜂对我们很重要，但是却以惊人的速度消失，第二段讲述蜜蜂出现这种状况的情形，第三段讲述可能造成此现象的原因；第四段讲述这种现象对我们和经济的影响；第二步，分析各个段落的逻辑关系，确定主观点和次要观点；第三步，注意一定的写作技巧，比如同义词、近义词的替换，句型和结构的转换；第四步，检查单词拼写，语法规则，字数问题等。V.TranslationDirections:TranslatethefollowingsentencesintoEnglish,usingthewordsgiveninthebrackets.52.据说，袁隆平大学一毕业就投身于农业教学与研究。(upon)(汉译英）【答案】Itissaidthatupongraduating,YuanLongpingdevotedhimselftoagriculturaleducationandresearch.【解析】【分析】【详解】考查主语从句、介词、短语、动词和名词。表示“据说”应用it作形式主语，使用Itissaidthat句型；表示“致力于”短语为devoteto；表示“农业教学与研究”为agriculturaleducationandresearch；表示“毕业”应用动词graduate，介词upon之后，用动名词作宾语。主句描述一个客观的事实，用一般现在时；从句描述发生在过去的事情，用一般过去时。故翻译为Itissaidthatupongraduating,YuanLongpingdevotedhimselftoagriculturaleducationandresearch.【点睛】53.这位导演完全有理由相信他的这部影片将是一部经得起时间考验的经典之作。(stand)(汉译英）【答案】Thedirectorhaseveryreasontobelievehisfilmwillbeaclassiconestandingthetestoftime.【解析】【详解】

23考查动词和名词。句意：这位导演完全有理由相信他的这部影片将是一部经得起时间考验的经典之作。根据句意分析可知，主语导演“thedirector”，相信“believe”，理由，原因“reason”，“有理由相信”可翻译为“Thedirectorhaseveryreasontobelieve”；经典之作“classic”，经得起时间考验“standthetestoftime”；整合句子，believe后跟宾语从句，可翻译为“Thedirectorhaseveryreasontobelievehisfilmwillbeaclassicone”。standthetestoftime分词后置定语修饰aclassicone，且主语和stand之间为主动关系，故翻译为standingthetestoftime；陈述事实，可用一般现在时，故翻译为Thedirectorhaseveryreasontobelievehisfilmwillbeaclassiconestandingthetestoftime。54.毋庸置疑，正是爱因斯坦的相对论才使得我们对空间、时间和引力有更深入的理解。（it）(汉译英）【答案】Undoubtedly,itisthetheoriesofrelativityproposedbyEinsteinthathasledtoourdeeperunderstandingofspace,timeandgravity.【解析】【详解】考查强调句型，时态和短语。分析句子并结合句意可知，句子用强调句型结构itis...that...，时态为一般现在时，undoubtedly“毋庸置疑”副词作状语，修饰整个句子，强调主语thetheoriesofrelativity“相对论”，proposebyEinstein“被爱因斯坦提出”作后置定语，修饰主语，propose与theories是被动关系，用过去分词作定语，leadtosth.“导致某事”是谓语动词，根据句意，强调现在的结果，用现在完成时，主语是单数，用hasledto，ourdeeperunderstandingofspace,timeandgravity“我们对空间、时间和引力有更深入的理解”作宾语，故翻译为Undoubtedly,itisthetheoriesofrelativityproposedbyEinsteinthathasledtoourdeeperunderstandingofspace,timeandgravity.55.在任何情况下，我们都不要嘲笑别人，因为过往的经历教导我们，嘲笑别人的结果就是自己被嘲笑。（end）(汉译英)【答案】Undernocircumstancesshouldwelaughatothers,aspastexperienceshavetaughtusthatlaughingatothersusuallyendsupbeinglaughedatbyothers.【解析】【分析】【详解】考查动词短语、动名词的被动形式、部分倒装、介词短语、现在完成时、一般现在时、宾语从句和原因状语从句。表示“在任何情况下都不”应用介词短语undernocircumstances，放在句首句子应用部分倒装。表示“嘲笑”应用动词短语laughat。表示“因为”应用as引导原因状语从句，此处表示过去发生的事情对现在产生结果或影响，所以应用现在完成时。表示“经历”应用名词experience。表示“嘲笑别人的结果就是自己被嘲笑”应用宾语从句，从句中不缺少成分和意义，所以用that引导，此处为客观真理，所以应用一般现在时。根据提示，表示“以做某事告终”应用动词短语endupdoing，用动名词作宾语，此处表示被动，应用动名词的被动形式。再结合其它句意，故翻译为Undernocircumstancesshouldwelaughatothers,aspastexperienceshavetaughtusthatlaughingatothersusuallyendsupbeinglaughedatbyothers.。

24VI.GuidedWriting56.Directions:WriteanEnglishcompositionin120-150wordsaccordingtotheinstructionsgivenbelowinChinese.最近一本在线杂志发表了一篇文章，文中询问，在公众眼中，什么样的人是适合做年轻人的榜样（rolemodel）。请你写封信给该杂志，推荐一位你认为适合做榜样的名人（celebrity）。你的文章须包括：简单介绍这位名人；为何这位名人适合做年轻人的榜样。_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________【答案】DearSir/Madam.Ihavereadyourmagazine'sarticleaskingwhatkindofpersonissuitabletobearolemodelforyoungpeople.Inmyopinion,therolemodelforyoungpeopleshouldbeapersonofourownage,whoisnotonlypositiveandsunny,butalsohasmadeoutstandingachievements.Inmymind,WangYuan,theleaderofTFboysissuchaperson.Sincehisdebut,hehasbroughtusalotofwonderfulsongs.HisgreatestachievementisthatasarepresentativeofChineseyouth,hewasinvitedtoattendtheECOSOCYouthForum2017heldattheUNheadquartersinNewYorkanddeliveredaspeechinEnglish.HeisnotonlythefirstChineseartistinvitedtoparticipateintheUNyouthforum,butalsothefirstChineseyouthidolontheUNstage.Inviewofthereasonsabove,IthinkWangYuanisagoodrolemodelforus.yourstruly,Lihua【解析】【分析】本篇书面表达是应用文，要求写一封书信。【详解】第1步：根据提示可知，本文要求写一封书信：最近一本在线杂志发表了一篇文章，文中询问，在公众眼中，什么样的人是适合做年轻人的榜样，请你写封信给该杂志，推荐一位你认为适合做榜样的名人。你的文章须包括：简单介绍这位名人；为何这位名人适合做年轻人的榜样。时态应为一般现在时。第2步：根据写作要求，确定关键词（组），如；rolemodel（榜样），celebrity（名人），sunny（阳光的），positive（积极的），outstanding（杰出的），achievement（成就），debut（出道）及youthidol

25（青年偶像）等。第3步：根据提示及关键词（组）进行遣词造句，注意主谓一致和时态问题。第4步：连句成文，注意使用恰当的连词进行句子之间的衔接与过渡，书写一定要规范清晰，保持卷面的整洁美观。【点睛】范文语言地道，语篇连贯，词数适当。作者在范文中使用了较多高级词汇和句式，高级词汇有besuitabletodo（适合做……），inone’sopinion（依某人的观点），getintoshape(使身体好起来)，beinvitedtodo（受邀……）以及participatein（参加），而且还使用了非限定性定语从句“Inmyopinion,therolemodelforyoungpeopleshouldbeapersonofourownage,whoisnotonlypositiveandsunny,butalsohasmadeoutstandingachievements.”，表语从句“HisgreatestachievementisthatasarepresentativeofChineseyouth,hewasinvitedtoattendtheECOSOCYouthForum2017heldattheUNheadquartersinNewYorkanddeliveredaspeechinEnglish.”，宾语从句和非谓语动词“Ihavereadyourmagazine'sarticleaskingwhatkindofpersonissuitabletobearolemodelforyoungpeople.”，全文没有语法错误，上下句转换自然流畅。