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2022—2023学年度高一第一学期期末练习题英语试卷本卷满分100分，考试时间90分钟一、完形填空(共10小题;每小题1.5分，共15分)阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题纸上将该项涂黑。OnafoggySundaymorning,AmrishaVaishwassleepingsoundlyathomeinArlington,Virginia.Thesoundthatwokehimat7:15wassoloudthatheassumeditcamefrominsidehishouse.Ashegotupto___1___carefully,heheardanothersound,thisonecomingmostdefinitelyfromoutside.Lookingoutofhisbedroomwindow,henoticedatree___2___insmokeabout500yardsaway.Acarwaswrappedbysmokearoundthetree’sbase,anditsenginewasonfire.Seeingthat,heimmediatelygrabbedbucketsofwaterandrantothecrashsite.Upclose,the___3___lookedworse.Thecarwassplitnearlyintwo,andthetreewaswherethedriver’sseatoughttohavebeen,asif___4___there.Hethoughtthatnoonecouldhavesurvivedthiscrash,andyettherewas15-year-oldQuintinThompson,still___5___withhisterrifiedfacepressedagainstthedriver’ssidewindow,invisiblepain.Vaishtriedputtingoutthefirewithhisbucketsofwateryetwithnosuccess.Whenthe___6___gotintothefrontseats,herealizedhehadtogettheboyoutofthereassoonaspossible.Instantly,Vaishtriedtoopenthebackdoor,buthefailed.Hepickedupastonebesidethetreeandhitthebackdoor.Thistime,it___7___.ThebackdoorwasopenedandVaishcrawledin.ThompsonwasstrugglingtogetfreewhenVaishnoticedhow___8___hislegswere.Usingapocketknife,VaishsawedthroughThompson’sseatbelt.NowthatThompsonwasfreeofrestraints(束缚),Vaishpulledhimoutofawindow,andthendraggedhimtosafetybeforethecarwas___9___surroundedbyflames.VaishcalledanambulanceasThompsonsufferedseverely.Soon,thedoctorsarrivedandVaishfelt____10____.1.A.analyseB.viewC.examineD.question2.A.envelopedB.chokedC.markedD.rescued3.A.woundB.damageC.engineD.smoke4.A.drawnB.guardedC.sentD.planted5.A.calmB.curiousC.consciousD.confident6.A.waterB.driverC.passengersD.flames7.A.respondedB.changedC.workedD.failed8.A.dirtyB.badC.uniqueD.normal9.A.slowlyB.entirelyC.simplyD.deadly10.A.relievedB.touchedC.recognizedD.satisfied二、语法(共15小题;每小题1分，共15分)第一节单项填空(共6小题;每小题1分，共6分)从每题所给的A、B、C、D第8页/共8页学科网（北京）股份有限公司
1四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。11.（2016·北京）Mygrandfatherstillplaystennisnowandthen, he’sinhisnineties.A.aslongasB.asifC.eventhoughD.incase12.Let’snotpickthesepeachesuntilthisweekend________theygetsweetenoughtobeeaten.A.eversinceB.asifC.eventhoughD.sothat13.【2018·江苏】_______you can sleep well, you will lose the ability to focus, plan and staymotivated afteroneor two nights.A.OnceB.UnlessC.IfD.When14.Theprizewillgotothewriter________storyshowsthemostimagination.A.thatB.whichC.whoseD.what15.Weallneedtogetinvolvedinsavingenergy________it'satwork,athome,oratschool.A.unlessB.onceC.whetherD.because16.______________Ihavetogiveaspeech,IgetextremelynervousbeforeIstart.A.WhateverB.WheneverC.WhoeverD.However第二节语法填空(共9小题;每小题1分，共9分)阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。Insociallife,timeplaysaveryimportantpart.IntheU.S.A.,gueststendtofeelthattheyarenothighlyregardediftheinvitationtoadinnerpartyissentonlythreeorfourdays____17____thepartydate,butitisnottrueinallcountries.Inotherareasoftheworld,itmay____18____(consider)foolishtomakeanappointmenttoofarinadvancebecauseplansthat____19____(make)foradatemorethanaweekawaytendtobeforgotten.Themeaningoftimediffersindifferentpartsoftheworld.____20____,misunderstandingsarisebetweenpeoplefromcultureswheretimeistreateddifferently.Promptness(准时)____21____(value)highlyinAmericanlife.Forexample,____22____peoplearenotpunctual,theymayberegardedasimpolite____23____notfullyresponsible.IntheU.S.A.,noonewouldthinkofkeepingabusinesspartner____24____(wait)foranhour,sinceitwouldbetooimpolite.Aperson____25____isfiveminuteslatewillsayafewwordsofexplanation,thoughperhapshewillnotcompletethesentence.三、阅读理解(共18小题;每小题2分，共36分)阅读下列短文,从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中,选出最佳选项，并在答题纸上将该项涂黑。AIwasneververyneat,whilemyroommateKatewasextremelyorganized.Eachofherobjectshaditsplace,butminealwayshidsomewhere.Sheevenlabeled(贴标签)everything.Ialwayslookedforeverything.Overtime,第8页/共8页学科网（北京）股份有限公司
2KategotneaterandIgotmessier.Shewouldpushmydirtyclothingover,andIwouldlaymybooksonhertidydesk.Webothgottiredofeachother.Warbrokeoutoneevening.Katecameintotheroom.Soon,Iheardherscreaming,“Takeyourshoesaway!Whyundermybed!”Deafened,Isawmyshoesflyingatme.Ijumpedtomyfeetandstartedyelling.Sheyelledbacklouder.Theroomwasfilledwithanger.Wecouldnothavestayedtogetherforasingleminutebutforaphonecall.Kateansweredit.Fromherendoftheconversation,Icouldtellrightawayhergrandmawasseriouslyill.Whenshehungup,shequicklycrawled(爬)underhercovers,sobbing.Obviously,thatwassomethingsheshouldnotgothroughalone.Allofasudden,awarmfeelingofsympathyroseupinmyheart.SlowlyIcollectedthepencils,tookbackthebooks,mademybed,cleanedthesocksandsweptthefloor,evenonherside.IgotsointomyworkthatIevendidn’tnoticeKatehadsatup.Shewaswatching,hertearsdriedandherexpressiononeofdisbelief.Then,shereachedoutherhandstograspmine.Ilookedupintohereyes.Shesmiledatme,“MThanks.”KateandIstayedroommatesfortherestoftheyear.Wedidn’talwaysagree,butwelearnedthekeytolivingtogether:givingin,cleaningupandholdingon.26.Theauthortidieduptheroommostprobablybecause________.A.shewasscaredbyKate’sangerB.shehatedherselfforbeingsomessyC.shewantedtoshowhercareD.shewasaskedbyKatetodoso27.HowisParagraph1mainlydeveloped?A.Byanalyzingcauses.B.Byshowingdifferences.C.Bydescribingaprocess.D.Byfollowingtimeorder.28.Whatmightbethebesttitleforthestory?A.MyFriendKateB.HardWorkPaysOffC.HowtoBeOrganizedD.LearningtoBeRoommatesBThefollowinglistincludessomebooksthatcomehighlyrecommendedbymillionsofreadersandalsoashortsummaryofthehighlightsofeachwork.TheGo-Giver,byBobBurgandJohnDavidMannIdidn’tevenexpectthatsuchashortbookcouldmakeahugedifferenceinmywaytowardslife.Itsimplyexplainscomplexlawsthatdirectmankind,andconcludesthatthereisalwaystruthintheopposite.DaoDeJingbyLaoZiDaoDeJingisoneofthefinestbooksonphilosophywrittenbyLaoZi,anancientChinesephilosopherandpoet.Itissincere,excitingandmakesyouthinkalot.Readitandgetintouchwiththecleareducativeunderstandingsthatgiveyouenoughtipstopursueyourlifegoalfullofpassion.TheScienceofGettingRich,byWallaceD.WattlesIhadmyownmisunderstandingsofgettingrichtillIreadthisbook.ThebookmadeahugedifferencetomylifeafterIdiscoveredthesecretsmentioned.Readitanditteachesyouhowtobecomerich,notimmediately,butstepbystep.ThePowerofHabit,byCharlesDuhigg第8页/共8页学科网（北京）股份有限公司
3IneverknewhabitsplayedsuchanimportantroleinshapingourfutureuntilIreadthisbook.Itsays,youarewhatyourhabitsare,andalsosuggeststheproventechniquestocreatenewhabitsthatchangeourlifestylesandeventuallyourlivers.Itismust-readforeveryonewhowishestoformlifetimehabits.TheRoadLessTravelled,byScottPeckSimplyput,buythisbookforthepathtowardsunderstandinginaspiritualwaythatstrengthensyourpersonalgrowth.Thisbooknevergivesyoueasysolutionstothechallengesoflife;itsimplyispartoflifeandleavesyouwithbetterunderstandingtoleadafulfilledlife.29.Whichbookcanhelpyouchaseyourdreampassionately?A.DaoDeJing.B.TheGo-Giver.C.TheRoadLessTravelled.D.TheScienceofGettingRich.30.WhichofthefollowingideasmayScottPeckagreewith?A.Habitscanshapeourfuture.B.Thereisalwaystruthintheopposite.C.Difficultyisoftenpartofpersonalgrowth.D.Weshouldfindeasysolutionstochallenges.31.Whatcanweknowaboutthebooksmentionedabove?A.Theyarealleasilywritten.B.Theyareallpopularbooks.C.Alltheirwritersareforeigners.D.Allthebooksareaboutlifegoals.CSarahcamerunningin.“LookwhatIfound.”OverthetopofthepaperIwasreadingcameacrispylongobjectthatcausedmetojump.Itwasasnakeskinthathadbeenshedbyoneofourmanygardensnakes.“Isn’titbeautiful?”saidmywide-eyedseven-year-old.Istaredattheorganicwrapperandthoughttomyselfthatitreallywasn’tthatbeautiful,butIhavelearnednevertoappearuninterestedwithchildren.Theyseeonlygoodqualityandexcellenceintheworlduntileducatedotherwise.“Whydoesitdothis?”Sarahasked“Snakesshedtheirskinbecausetheyneedtorenewthemselves,”Iexplained.“Whydotheyneedtorenewthemselves?”Sarahasked.Isuddenlyrememberedanarticleonthispagemanyyearsagowherethewriterwasexpressingherconceptofrenewal.Sheusedlayersofpaperoverawalltodescribehowwehideouroriginalselves,andsaidthatbypeelingawaythoselayersonebyone,weseetheoriginalbeneath.“Weoftenneedtoshedourskinsandthosecoatingsthatwecoverourselveswith,”Isaidtomynowabsorbeddaughter.“Weoutgrowsomethingsandfindotheronesunwantedorunnecessary.Thissnakenolongerneedsthisskin.Itisprobablytoocrinkly（起皱的）forhim,andheprobablydoesn’tthinkhelooksassmartinitasheoncedid.”Sarahwasgettingthepoint.Aswetalked,Iknewthatshebegantounderstand,althoughslightly,thatrenewalispartofprogress;thatweneedtotakeagoodlookatourselves,ourrooms,schoolworkandcreativity,andseewhatweneedtokeepandwhatweneedtocastoff.Iwascarefultopointoutthatthisisanaturalconsequenceoftheirgrowth.“Isee,Dad,”saidSarahandjumpedoffmylapandranoff.第8页/共8页学科网（北京）股份有限公司
4Ihopedshewouldrememberthis.Thatoften,inordertofindourrealselvesunderneaththelayersofcommunityandculturewithwhichwecoverourselvesyearafteryear,weneedtostartexaminingtheselayers.Weneedtogentlypeelsomeaway,aswerecognizethemtobeworthlessorunnecessary;oratbest,storetheonesthrownawayasmementoes（念想）ofourpromotiontoabettervitalityorspirit.32.Atthefirstsightofthesnakeskin,theauthorwas.A.scaredB.puzzledC.uninterestedD.excited33.Sarahlearnedfromherfatherthatrenewalis.A.torecoverthelayersinsideB.toreviewwhathasbeendoneC.anaturalpartofgettingmatureD.theprocessoffindingtheunwanted34.Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethattheauthor________.A.dislikesthesnakeskinatallB.showsconcernfornatureandcultureC.cangraspthechancetoeducatechildrenD.oftenencourageshisdaughtertoraisequestions35.Theauthormainlytellsthereaderthat________.A.snakescastoffthelayerstolooksmarterB.weshouldrenewourselvestogetimprovedC.snakesshedtheirskinstorenewthemselvesD.weshouldexploreouroriginalnatureunderneathDPersonalitytypesarelinkedwithstructuraldifferencesinthebrain,whichcouldexplainwhyonechildgrowsuptobeimpulsive(冲动的)andoutgoingwhileanotherbecomesdiligentandintrospective.Structuraldifferencesbetweenthebrainsof85peoplehavebeenmeasuredandlinkedwiththefourmaincategoriesofpersonalitytypes,whichwereclassifiedas“noveltyseeking”,characterizedbyimpulsiveactions;“harmavoidance”,markedbypessimismandshyness;“rewarddependence”,withanaddictivepersonality;and“persistence”,whoarepeopletendingtobediligent,hard-workingandperfectionists.Theresearcherssaidthebraindifferencesarestructuralandcanbemeasuredinthesizeofspecificregionsofthebrainthatappeartobelinkedwitheachofthefourpersonalitytypes.Forinstance,peopledefinedasnovelty-seekingpersonalitieshadastructurallybiggerareainthebrainwhilepeoplewithharm-avoidancepersonalitieshadsignificantlysmallervolumesoftissueinbrainregions.Thefactthatcharacteristicsarereflectedinspecificstructuraldifferencesisusefultoknow,forinstance,whenitcomestounderstandingachild’sbehaviorandchoosingtherightapproachsothatsomebodywhois,forexample,particularlytimid,mightbehelpedthrougheducationanddevelopment.Thereisnopointshoutingatachildwhoisveryshyandtellingthemoff,becauseitdoesnotcomenaturallytothemtoputthemselvesforward.Butactuallyknowingthereisabiologicalbasisforthishelpseducatorsorparentstousetherightapproachtohelpachildtocompensate.第8页/共8页学科网（北京）股份有限公司
5Peoplewhohaveareward-dependencepersonalitycould,forexample,behelpedatanearlyagebecausetheyareatriskofturningtodrink,drugsorfoodiftheydonotgetthefamilysupportandencouragementtheyneed.“Thisstudyshowsthatpersonalitycharacteristicsaresomethingyouarebornwith,buttheirfullexpressioncanbeadjustedduringdevelopmentwiththerightapproach,”saidProfessorVenneri,whocarriedoutthestudywithcolleaguesfromtheUniversityofParmainItalyandWashingtonUniversityinStLouis.Ifyouknowit’snotsomethingyoudobutsomethingyouare,youcanchangetheenvironmenttoreducetherisk.Knowingthatsomeonehassuchapredisposition(体质)couldhelpthemadoptpreventivestrategiesandavoidsituationswheretheymightseekrewardswhichcouldbepotentiallyharmful.36.Whichtypeofpersonmayturnouttobedrug-abusers?A“Noveltyseeking”.B.“Persistence”.C.“Harmavoidance”.D.“Rewarddependence”.37.Whichofthefollowingistrueaboutshypeople?A.Theystructurallyhaveasmallerbrainregion.B.Theycannaturallyputthemselvesforward.C.Theyaretootimidtobeeducatedandhelped.D.Theyareoftenshoutedatandscolded.38.What’sthemainideaofthepassage?A.Peoplehavechancestochangetheirpersonalitytypes.B.Structuraldifferencesinthebrainhaveeffectsoneducation.C.Personalitytypesarerelatedtostructuraldifferencesinthebrain.D.Scientistshaveidentifiedfourdifferentpersonalitytypes.39.Theauthorwritesthepassageto________.A.argueaclaimB.presentafactC.supportaresearchD.introduceanapproachENowadaysmoreandmorepeoplearetalkingaboutgeneticallymodifiedfoods(GMfoods).GMfoodsdevelopfromgeneticallymodifiedorganisms(有机体),whichhavehadspecificchangesintroducedintotheirDNAbygeneticengineeringtechniques.Thesetechniquesaremuchmoreprecisewhereanorganismisexposedtochemicalstocreateanonspecificbutstablechange.Formanypeople,thehightechproductionraisesallkindsofenvironmental,ethical,healthandsafetyproblems.Particularlyincountrieswithlongfarmingtraditions,theideaseemsagainstnature.Infact,GMfoodsarealreadyverymuchapartofourlives.Theywerefirstputonthemarketin1996.AthirdofthecornandmorethanhalfthecottongrownintheU.S.lastyearwastheproductofbiotechnology,accordingtotheDepartmentofAgriculture.Morethan65millionacresofgeneticallymodifiedcropswillbeplantedintheUSthisyear.Thegeneticgenieisoutofthebottle.However,likeanynewproductenteringthefoodchain,GMfoodsmustbesubjectedtocarefultesting.Inwealthycountries,thedebateaboutbiotechisnotsofiercebythefactthattheyhavealargenumberoffoodstochoosefrom,andasupplythatgoesbeyondtheneeds.Indevelopingcountriesdesperatetofeedfastgrowingandunderfedpopulations,thematterissimplerandmuchmoreurgent:dothebenefitsofbiotechoutweightherisks?第8页/共8页学科网（北京）股份有限公司
6Thestatisticsonpopulationgrowthandhungeraredisturbing.Lastyeartheworld'spopulationreached6billion.TheUNstatesthatnearly800millionpeoplearoundtheworldareunhealthy.About400millionwomenofchildbearingagedon'thaveenoughiron,whichmeanstheirbabiesareexposedtovariousbirthdefeats.Asmanyas100millionchildrensufferfromvitaminAdeficiency,aleadingcauseofblindness.Howcanbiotechhelp?Geneticengineeringiswidelyusedtoproduceplantsandanimalswithbetternutritionalvalues.Biotechnologistshavedevelopedgeneticallymodifiedriceandtheyareworkingonotherkindsofnutritionallyimprovedcrops.Biotechcanalsoimprovefarmingproductivityinplaceswherefoodshortagesarecausedbycropdamageattributabletodrought,poorsoilandcropviruses.40.Thepassagemainlytalksabout________.A.theworld'sfoodproblemB.thedevelopmentinbiotechC.thegeneticallymodifiedfoodsD.thewaytosolvefoodshortages41.Accordingtothepassage,GMfoods________.A.willreplacenaturallygrownfoodsB.arefarbetterthannaturallygrownfoodsC.mayhelptosolvetheproblemofpoornutritionD.cancauseserioustroubleindevelopingcountries42.Theunderlinedsentence“Thegeneticgenieisoutofthebottle.”inParagraph2probablymeansthat________.A.GMfoodsareavailableeverywhereB.thetechnologyinproducingGMfoodsisadvancedC.genetictechnologymayhaveuncontrollablepowersD.genetictechnologyhascomeoutoflaboratoriesintomarkets43What'sthewriter'sattitudetowardsGMfoods?A.Enthusiastic.B.Cautious.C.Disapproving.D.Unbelievable.四、词汇(共14小题;每小题1分，共14分)第一节选词填空(共7小题;每小题1分，共7分)用方框中单词的正确形式完成下列句子，每个单词(短语)只能用一次，有两个多余选项。attend,audience,confident,dueto,inspire,liveupto,previous,surround,unique44.Everyone’sfingerprintsare________.45.Hewasthefirstchildinthefamilyto________college.46.Thetreeshadbeenplantedbythe________ownerofthehouse.47.Theteamisquitesuccessful;alltheplayershave________intheirmanager.48.AsaluckychildIwas________byloveandkindness.49.Thebeautifultownhasalwaysbeenasourceof________forme.第8页/共8页学科网（北京）股份有限公司
750.Thefilmisveryattractive.Ithascertainly________myexpectations.第二节(共7小题;每小题1分，共7分)根据首字母和英文释义，填写适当的单词。请将完整的单词拼写填在答题纸上。51.Hetriedtoc________thefrightenedchildren.(tomakesomeonebecomequietandrelaxed)（根据首字母单词拼写）52.Hewouldn’thavethep________tositreadingallday.(theabilitytocontinuewaitingordoingsomethingforalongtimewithoutbecomingangryoranxious)（根据首字母单词拼写）53.Thereporterwereaskingalotoft________questions.(difficulttodealwith)（根据首字母单词拼写）54.Hereceivedawatchasapresentontheo________ofhisretirement.(aspecialevent,ceremonyorcelebration)（根据首字母单词拼写）55.Hedecidedtoleaveschoolforv________reasons.(severaldifferentkindsof…)（根据首字母单词拼写）56.Hiscoachdidn’ts________himforthebasketballteam,whichmademeveryupset.(choosesomebody/somethingfromagroupofpeopleorthings)（根据首字母单词拼写）57.Mysisterhasaburningd________tobeanartist.(astrongwishtohaveordosomething)（根据首字母单词拼写）五、书面表达(20分)58.假如你是红星中学高三学生李华，你的英国朋友Jim在做关于“中学生运动情况”的调查，想了解你的运动情况。请你给他回复邮件，内容包括：1.你喜欢的一项运动；2.这项运动给你带来的益处；3.关于运动的建议。注意:1.词数100左右；2.开头和结尾已给出，不计入词数。DearJim,_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________YoursLiHua第8页/共8页学科网（北京）股份有限公司
