英语六级新题型样题

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英语六级新题型样题PartIWriting(30minutes)Directions:Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowriteanessaycommentingontheremark“Earthprovidesenoughtosatisfyeveryman’sneed,butnoteveryman’sgreed.”Youcanciteexamplestoillustrateyourpoint.Youshouldwriteatleast150wordsbutnomorethan200words.WriteyouressayonAnswerSheet1.注意：此部分试题请在答题卡1上作答。PartIIListeningComprehension(30minutes)SectionADirections:Inthissection,youwillhear8shortconversationsand2longconversations.Attheendofeachconversation,oneormorequestionswillbeaskedaboutwhatwassaid.Boththeconversationandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Aftereachquestiontherewillbeapause.Duringthepause,youmustreadthefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD),anddecidewhichisthebestanswer.ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet1withasinglelinethroughthecentre.注意：此部分试题请在答题卡1上作答。1.2.3.4.A)ThemanhappenedtoseeAnnafallonherback.B)TheseriousaccidentmayleaveAnnaparalyzed.C)Thedoctor’stherapyhasbeenverysuccessful.D)TheinjurywillconfineAnnatobedforquiteawhile.A)Givehiscontributionsometimelater.B)Borrowsomemoneyfromthewoman.C)BuyanexpensivegiftforGemma.D)Takeupacollectionnextweek.A)Addmorefruitsandvegetablestoherdiet.B)AskTonytoconveythankstohismother.C)TellTony’smotherthatsheeatsnomeat.D)Declinetheinvitationasearlyaspossible.A)ShephonedFredaboutthebook.B)Shewaslatefortheappointment.C)SheranintoFredonherwayhere.D)Sheoftenkeepsotherpeoplewaiting.

15.A)Simplyraisetheissueintheirpresentation.B)Findmorerelevantinformationfortheirwork.C)Putmoreeffortintopreparingforthepresentation.D)Justmakeuseofwhateverinformationisavailable.6.A)Heneedsavehicletobeusedinharshweather.B)Hehasafairlylargecollectionofqualitytrucks.C)Hehashadhistruckadaptedforcoldtemperatures.D)Hedoesroutinetruckmaintenanceforthewoman.7.A)Visitadifferentstoreforasilkorcottonshirt.B)Getadiscountontheshirtsheisgoingtobuy.C)Lookforashirtofamoresuitablecolorandsize.D)Replacetheshirtwithoneofsomeothermaterial.8.A)Notmanypeoplehavereadhisarticle.B)Heregretshavingpublishedthearticle.C)Mostreadersdonotsharehisviewpoints.D)Thewomanisonlytryingtoconsolehim.Questions9to11arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.9.A)Totesthowresponsivedolphinsaretovarioussignals.B)Toexaminehowlongittakesdolphinstoacquireaskill.C)Toseeifdolphinscanlearntocommunicatewitheachother.D)Tofindoutifthefemaledolphinisclevererthanthemaleone.10.A)Presstheright-handleverfirst.B)Producetheappropriatesound.C)Raisetheirheadsabovethewater.D)Swimstraightintothesametank.11.A)Bothdolphinswereputinthesametank.B)Themaledolphinreceivedmorerewards.C)Theleverwasbeyondthedolphins’reach.D)Onlyonedolphinwasabletoseethelight.Questions12to15arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.12.A)Goodorbad,theyaretheretostay.B)Believeitornot,theyhavesurvived.C)Likeitornot,youhavetousethem.D)Gainorlose,theyshouldbemodernised.13.A)Thefrequenttraindelays.B)ThemonopolyofBritishRailways.C)Thefoodsoldonthetrains.D)Thehightrainticketfares.

214.A)Competitionfromothermodesoftransport.B)Thelowefficiencyoftheiroperation.C)Constantcomplaintsfrompassengers.D)Thepassingofthenewtransportact.15.A)Theywillbede-nationalised.B)Theylosealotofmoney.C)Theyarefastdisappearing.D)Theyprovideworseservice.SectionBDirections:Inthissection,youwillhear3shortpassages.Attheendofeachpassage,youwillhearsomequestions.Boththepassageandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaquestion,youmustchoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet1withasinglelinethroughthecentre.注意：此部分试题请在答题卡1上作答。PassageOneQuestions16to18arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.16.A)Icedcoffeessoldbysomepopularchainsarecontaminated.B)Someicedcoffeeshaveasmanycaloriesasahotdinner.C)Somebrand-namecoffeescontainharmfulsubstances.D)Drinkingcoffeeafteramealismorelikelytocauseobesity.17.A)Havesomefreshfruit.B)Takeahotshower.C)Exerciseatthegym.D)Eatahotdinner.18.A)Theycouldenjoyahappierfamilylife.B)Theycouldgreatlyimprovetheirworkefficiency.C)Manyembarrassingsituationscouldbeavoided.D)Manycancercasescouldbeprevented.PassageTwoQuestions19to21arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.19.A)Ithasattractedworldwideattention.B)Itwillchangetheconceptoffood.C)Itcanhelpsolveglobalfoodcrises.D)Itwillbecomepopulargradually.20.A)Itcomesregularlyfromitsdonors.B)IthasbeendrasticallycutbyNASA.C)Ithasbeenincreasedovertheyears.

3D)Itisstillfarfrombeingsufficient.

421.A)Theyarelesshealthythanweexpected.B)Theyarenotasnaturalaswebelieved.C)Theyarenotasexpensiveasbefore.D)Theyaremorenutritiousanddelicious.PassageThreeQuestions22to25arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.22.A)Writingarticlesonfamilyviolence.B)Huntingnewsforthedailyheadlines.C)ReportingcriminaloffensesinGreenville.D)Coveringmajoreventsofthedayinthecity.23.A)Ithasfewerviolentcrimesthanbigcities.B)Itisamuchsaferplacethanitusedtobe.C)Assaultsoftenhappenonschoolcampuses.D)Rapesrarelyoccurinthedowntownareas.24.A)Theyareverydestructive.B)Thereareawiderangeofcases.C)Therehasbeenariseinsuchcrimes.D)Theyhavearousedfearamongtheresidents.25.A)Offerhelptocrimevictims.B)Workasanewspapereditor.C)Writeaboutsomethingpleasant.D)Dosomeresearchonlocalpolitics.SectionCDirections:Inthissection,youwillhearapassagethreetimes.Whenthepassageisreadforthefirsttime,youshouldlistencarefullyforitsgeneralidea.Whenthepassageisreadforthesecondtime,youarerequiredtofillintheblankswiththeexactwordsyouhavejustheard.Finally,whenthepassageisreadforthethirdtime,youshouldcheckwhatyouhavewritten.注意：此部分试题请在答题卡1上作答。GeorgeHerbertMeadsaidthathumansaretalkedintohumanity.Hemeantthatwegainpersonalidentityaswecommunicatewithothers.Intheearliestyearsofourlives,ourparentstelluswhoweare.“You’re26.”“You’resostrong.”Wefirstseeourselvesthroughtheeyesofothers,sotheirmessagesformimportant27ofourself-concepts.Laterweinteractwithteachers,friends,28partners,andco-workerswhocommunicatetheirviewsofus.Thus,howweseeourselvesreflects

5theviewsofusthatotherscommunicate.

6The29connectionbetweenidentityandcommunicationisdramaticallyevidentinchildrenwho30humancontact.Casestudiesofchildrenwhowereisolatedfromothersrevealthattheylackafirmself-concept,andtheirmentalandpsychologicaldevelopmentisseverelyhinderedbylackoflanguage.Communicationwithothersnotonlyaffectsoursenseofidentitybutalsodirectlyinfluencesourphysicalandemotional31.Consistently,researchshowsthatcommunicatingwithotherspromoteshealth,whereassocialisolation32stress,disease,andearlydeath.Peoplewholackclosefriendshavegreaterlevelsofanxietyanddepressionthanpeoplewhoareclosetoothers.Agroupofresearchersreviewed33studiesthattracedtherelationshipbetweenhealthandinteractionwithothers.Theconclusionwasthatsocialisolationis34asdangerousashighbloodpressure,smokingandobesity.Manydoctorsandresearchersbelievethatlonelinessharmstheimmunesystem,makingusmoreillnesses.35toarangeofminorandmajorPartIIIReadingComprehension(40minutes)SectionADirections:Inthissection,thereisapassagewithtenblanks.Youarerequiredtoselectonewordforeachblankfromalistofchoicesgiveninawordbankfollowingthepassage.Readthepassagethroughcarefullybeforemakingyourchoices.Eachchoiceinthebankisidentifiedbyaletter.PleasemarkthecorrespondingletterforeachitemonAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.Youmaynotuseanyofthewordsinthebankmorethanonce.Questions36to45arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Tounderstandwhyweshouldbeconcernedabouthowyoungpeopleread,ithelpstoknowsomethingaboutthewaytheabilitytoreadevolved.Unliketheabilitytounderstandandproducespokenlanguage,theabilitytoreadmustbepainstakingly36byeachindividual.The“readingcircuits”weconstructinthebraincanbe37ortheycanberobust,dependingonhowoftenandhow38weusethem.Thedeepreaderentersastateofhypnotictrance(心醉神迷的状态).Whenreadersareenjoyingtheexperiencethemost,thepaceoftheirreading39slows.Thecombinationoffast,fluentdecodingofwordsandslow,unhurriedprogressonthepagegivesdeepreaderstimetoenrichtheirreadingwithreflectionandanalysis.Itgivesthemtimetoestablishan40relationshipwiththeauthor,thetwoofthem41inalongandwarmconversationlikepeoplefallinginlove.Thisisnotreadingasmanyyoungpeopleknowit.Theirreadingisinstrumental:thedifferencebetweenwhatliterarycriticFrankKermodecalls“carnal(肉体的)reading”and“spiritualreading.”Ifweallowouroffspringtobelievecarnalreadingisallthereis—ifwedon’topenthedoortospiritualreading,throughanearly42

7ondisciplineandpractice—wewillhave43themofanenjoyableexperiencetheywouldnototherwiseencounter.Observingyoungpeople’s44todigital

8devices,someprogressiveeducatorstalkabout“meetingkidswheretheyare,”moldinginstructionaroundtheironscreenhabits.Thisismistaken.Weneed,45,toshowthemsomeplacethey’veneverbeen,aplaceonlydeepreadingcantakethem.注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。A)acquiredB)actuallyC)attachmentD)cheatedE)engagedF)feebleG)illicitI)intimateJ)notwithstandingK)petitionL)ratherM)scarcelyN)swayedO)vigorouslyH)insistenceSectionBDirections:Inthissection,youaregoingtoreadapassagewithtenstatementsattachedtoit.Eachstatementcontainsinformationgiveninoneoftheparagraphs.Identifytheparagraphfromwhichtheinformationisderived.Youmaychooseaparagraphmorethanonce.Eachparagraphismarkedwithaletter.AnswerthequestionsbymarkingthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2.IntotheUnknownTheworldhasneverseenpopulationageingbefore.Canitcope?[A]Untiltheearly1990snobodymuchthoughtaboutwholepopulationsgettingolder.TheUNhadtheforesighttoconvenea“worldassemblyonageing”backin1982,butthatcameandwent.By1994theWorldBankhadnoticedthatsomethingbigwashappening.Inareportentitled“AvertingtheOldAgeCrisis”,itarguedthatpensionarrangementsinmostcountrieswereunsustainable.[B]Forthenexttenyearsasuccessionofbooks,mainlybyAmericans,soundedthealarm.TheyhadtitleslikeYoungvsOld,GrayDawnandTheComingGenerationalStorm,andtheirmessagewasblunt:health-caresystemswereheadingfortherocks,pensionersweretakingyoungpeopletothecleaners,andsoontherewouldbeintergenerationalwarfare.[C]Sincethenthedebatehasbecomelessemotional,notleastbecausealotmoreisknownaboutthesubject.Books,conferencesandresearchpapershavemultiplied.InternationalorganisationssuchastheOECDandtheEUissueregularreports.Populationageingisoneveryagenda,fromG8economicconferencestoNATOsummits.TheWorldEconomicForumplanstoconsiderthefutureofpensions

9andhealthcareatitsprestigiousDavosconferenceearlynextyear.Themedia,includingthisnewspaper,aregivingthesubjectextensivecoverage.

10[D]Whetherallthatattentionhastranslatedintosufficientactionisanotherquestion.Governmentsinrichcountriesnowacceptthattheirpensionandhealth-carepromiseswillsoonbecomeunaffordable,andmanyofthemhaveembarkedonreforms,butsofaronlytimidly.Thatisnotsurprising:politicianswithaneyeonthenextelectionwillhardlyrushtointroduceunpopularmeasuresthatmaynotbearfruitforyears,perhapsdecades.[E]Theoutlineofthechangesneededisclear.Toavoidfiscal(财政的)meltdown,publicpensionsandhealth-careprovisionwillhavetobereinedbackseverelyandtaxesmayhavetogoup.Byfarthemosteffectivemethodtorestrainpensionspendingistogivepeopletheopportunitytoworklonger,becauseitincreasestaxrevenuesandreducesspendingonpensionsatthesametime.Itmayevenkeepthemalivelonger.JohnRother,theAARP’sheadofpolicyandstrategy,pointstostudiesshowingthatotherthingsbeingequal,peoplewhoremainatworkhavelowerdeathratesthantheirretiredpeers.[F]Youngerpeopletodaymostlyacceptthattheywillhavetoworkforlongerandthattheirpensionswillbelessgenerous.Employersstillneedtobepersuadedthatolderworkersareworthholdingonto.Thatmaybebecausetheyhavehadplentyofyoungeronestochoosefrom,partlythankstothepost-warbaby-boomandpartlybecauseoverthepastfewdecadesmanymorewomenhaveenteredthelabourforce,increasingemployers’choice.Butthereservoirofwomenableandwillingtotakeuppaidworkisrunninglow,andthebaby-boomersaregoinggrey.[G]Inmanycountriesimmigrantshavebeenfillingsuchgapsinthelabourforceashavealreadyemerged(andrememberthattherealshortageisstillaroundtenyearsoff).Immigrationinthedevelopedworldisthehighestithaseverbeen,anditismakingausefuldifference.Instill-fertileAmericaitcurrentlyaccountsforabout40%oftotalpopulationgrowth,andinfast-ageingwesternEuropeforabout90%.[H]Onthefaceofit,itseemstheperfectsolution.Manydevelopingcountrieshavelotsofyoungpeopleinneedofjobs;manyrichcountriesneedhelpinghandsthatwillboosttaxrevenuesandkeepupeconomicgrowth.Butoverthenextfewdecadeslabourforcesinrichcountriesaresettoshrinksomuchthatinflowsofimmigrantswouldhavetoincreaseenormouslytocompensate:toatleasttwicetheircurrentsizeinwesternEurope’smostyouthfulcountries,andthreetimesintheolderones.Japanwouldneedalargemultipleofthefewimmigrantsithasatpresent.Publicopinionpollsshowthatpeopleinmostrichcountriesalreadythinkthatimmigrationistoohigh.Furtherbigincreaseswouldbepoliticallyunfeasible.[I]Totackletheproblemofageingpopulationsatitsroot,“old”countrieswouldhavetorejuvenate(使年轻)themselvesbyhavingmoreoftheirownchildren.Anumberofthemhavetried,somemoresuccessfullythanothers.Butitisnotasimplematterofofferingfinancialincentivesorprovidingmorechildcare.Modernurbanlifeinrichcountriesisnotwelladaptedtolargefamilies.Womenfindithardtocombinefamilyandcareer.Theyoftencompromisebyhavingjust

11onechild.

12[J]Andiffertilityinageingcountriesdoesnotpickup?Itwillnotbetheendoftheworld,atleastnotforquiteawhileyet,buttheworldwillslowlybecomeadifferentplace.Oldersocietiesmaybelessinnovativeandmorestronglydisinclinedtotakerisksthanyoungerones.By2025atthelatest,abouthalfthevotersinAmericaandmostofthoseinwesternEuropeancountrieswillbeover50—andolderpeopleturnouttovoteinmuchgreaternumbersthanyoungerones.Academicstudieshavefoundnoevidencesofarthatoldervotershaveusedtheirpowerattheballotboxtopushforpoliciesthatspecificallybenefitthem,thoughifinfuturetherearemanymoreofthemtheymightstartdoingso.[K]Noristhereanysignoftheintergenerationalwarfarepredictedinthe1990s.Afterall,olderpeoplethemselvesmostlyhavefamilies.Inarecentstudyofparentsandgrown-upchildrenin11Europeancountries,KarstenHankofMannheimUniversityfoundthat85%ofthemlivedwithin25kmofeachotherandthemajorityofthemwereintouchatleastonceaweek.[L]Evenso,theshiftinthecentreofgravitytoolderagegroupsisboundtohaveaprofoundeffectonsocieties,notjusteconomicallyandpoliticallybutinallsortsofotherwaystoo.RichardJacksonandNeilHoweofAmerica’sCSIS,inathoughtfulbookcalledTheGrayingoftheGreatPowers,arguethat,amongotherthings,theageingofthedevelopedcountrieswillhaveanumberofserioussecurityimplications.[M]Forexample,theshortageofyoungadultsislikelytomakecountriesmorereluctanttocommitthefewtheyhavetomilitaryservice.Inthedecadesto2050,Americawillfinditselfplayinganever-increasingroleinthedevelopedworld’sdefenceeffort.BecauseAmerica’spopulationwillstillbegrowingwhenthatofmostotherdevelopedcountriesisshrinking,Americawillbetheonlydevelopedcountrythatstillmattersgeopolitically(地缘政治上).Askmein2020[N]Thereislittlethatcanbedonetostoppopulationageing,sotheworldwillhavetolivewithit.Butsomeoftheconsequencescanbealleviated.Manyexpertsnowbelievethatgiventherightpolicies,theeffects,thoughgrave,neednotbecatastrophic.Mostcountrieshaverecognisedtheneedtodosomethingandarebeginningtoact.[O]Buteventhenthereisnoguaranteethattheireffortswillwork.Whatishappeningnowishistoricallyunprecedented.RonaldLee,directoroftheCentreontheEconomicsandDemographyofAgeingattheUniversityofCalifornia,Berkeley,putsitbrieflyandclearly:“Wedon’treallyknowwhatpopulationageingwillbelike,becausenobodyhasdoneityet.”注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。46.Employersshouldrealiseitisimportanttokeepolderworkersintheworkforce.

1347.ArecentstudyfoundthatmostoldpeopleinsomeEuropeancountrieshadregularweeklycontactwiththeiradultchildren.48.Fewgovernmentsinrichcountrieshavelaunchedboldreformstotackletheproblemofpopulationageing.49.Inareportpublishedsome20yearsago,thesustainabilityofold-agepensionsystemsinmostcountrieswascalledintodoubt.50.Countriesthathaveashortageofyoungadultswillbelesswillingtosendthemtowar.51.One-childfamiliesaremorecommoninageingsocietiesduetothestressofurbanlifeandthedifficultiesofbalancingfamilyandcareer.52.Aseriesofbooks,mostlyauthoredbyAmericans,warnedofconflictsbetweentheolderandyoungergenerations.53.Comparedwithyoungerones,oldersocietiestendtobelessinnovativeandtakefewerrisks.54.Thebestsolutiontothepensioncrisisistopostponetheretirementage.55.Immigrationasameanstoboosttheshrinkinglabourforcemaymeetwithresistanceinsomerichcountries.SectionCDirections:Thereare2passagesinthissection.Eachpassageisfollowedbysomequestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).YoushoulddecideonthebestchoiceandmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.PassageOneQuestions56to60arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Formostofthe20thcentury,Asiaaskeditselfwhatitcouldlearnfromthemodern,innovatingWest.Nowthequestionmustbereversed:whatcantheWest’soverlyindebtedandsluggish(经济滞长的)nationslearnfromaflourishingAsia?Justafewdecadesago,Asia’stwogiantswerestagnating(停滞不前)underfaultyeconomicideologies.However,onceChinabeganembracingfree-marketreformsinthe1980s,followedbyIndiainthe1990s,bothcountriesachievedrapidgrowth.Crucially,astheyopeneduptheirmarkets,theybalancedmarketeconomywithsensiblegovernmentdirection.AstheIndianeconomistAmartyaSenhaswiselysaid,“Theinvisiblehandofthemarkethasoftenreliedheavilyonthevisiblehandof

14government.”

15ContrastthismiddlepathwithAmericaandEurope,whichhaveeachgoneideologicallyoverboardintheirownways.Sincethe1980s,Americahasbeenincreasinglyclingingtotheideologyofuncontrolledfreemarketsanddismissingtheroleofgovernment—followingRonaldReagan’sideathat“governmentisnotthesolutiontoourproblem;governmentistheproblem.”Ofcourse,whenthemarketscamecrashingdownin2007,itwasdecisivegovernmentinterventionthatsavedtheday.Despitethisfact,manyAmericansarestillstronglyopposedto“biggovernment.”IfAmericanscouldonlyfreethemselvesfromtheirantigovernmentdoctrine,theywouldbegintoseethatAmerica’sproblemsarenotinsoluble.Afewsensiblefederalmeasurescouldputthecountrybackontherightpath.Asimpleconsumptiontaxof,say,5%wouldsignificantlyreducethecountry’shugegovernmentdeficitwithoutdamagingproductivity.AsmallgasolinetaxwouldhelpfreeAmericafromitsdependenceonoilimportsandcreateincentivesforgreenenergydevelopment.Inthesameway,asignificantreductionofwastefulagriculturalsubsidiescouldalsolowerthedeficit.Butinordertotakeadvantageofthesecommon-sensesolutions,Americanswillhavetoputasidetheirownattachmenttotheideaofsmallergovernmentandlessregulation.AmericanpoliticianswillhavetodevelopthecouragetofollowwhatistaughtinallAmericanpublic-policyschools:thattherearegoodtaxesandbadtaxes.Asiancountrieshaveembracedthiswisdom,andhavebuiltsoundlong-termfiscal(财政的)policiesasaresult.Meanwhile,Europehasfallenpreytoadifferentideologicaltrap:thebeliefthatEuropeangovernmentswouldalwayshaveinfiniteresourcesandcouldcontinueborrowingasiftherewerenotomorrow.UnliketheAmericans,whofeltthatthemarketsknewbest,theEuropeansfailedtoanticipatehowthemarketswouldreacttotheirendlessborrowing.Today,theEuropeanUnioniscreatinga$580billionfundtowardoffsovereigncollapse.ThiswillbuytheEUtime,butitwillnotsolvethebloc’slargerproblem.注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。56.WhathascontributedtotherapideconomicgrowthinChinaandIndia?A)Freemarketplusgovernmentintervention.B)Heavyrelianceonthehandofgovernment.C)Copyingwestern-styleeconomicbehavior.D)Timelyreformofgovernmentatalllevels.57.WhatdoesRonaldReaganmeanbysaying“governmentistheproblem”(Line5,Para.3)?A)Governmentactioniskeytosolvingeconomicproblems.B)Manysocialproblemsarisefromgovernmentinefficiency.C)Manysocialillsarecausedbywronggovernmentpolicies.D)Governmentregulationhinderseconomicdevelopment.

1658.WhatstoppedtheAmericaneconomyfromcollapsingin2007?A)Cooperationbetweenthegovernmentandbusinesses.B)Self-regulatoryrepairmechanismsofthefreemarket.C)Effectivemeasuresadoptedbythegovernment.D)Abandonmentofbiggovernmentbythepublic.59.Whatistheauthor’ssuggestiontotheAmericanpublicinfaceofthegovernmentdeficit?A)Theygiveuptheideaofsmallergovernmentandlessregulation.B)Theyputupwiththeinevitablesharpincreaseofdifferenttaxes.C)Theyurgethegovernmenttoreviseitsexistingpublicpolicies.D)Theydevelopgreenenergytoavoiddependenceonoilimport.60.WhatistheproblemwiththeEuropeanUnion?A)Conservativeideology.C)Lackofresources.B)Excessiveborrowing.D)Shrinkingmarket.PassageTwoQuestions61to65arebasedonthefollowingpassage.PictureatypicalMBAlecturetheatretwentyyearsago.Initthemajorityofstudentswillhaveconformedtothestandardmodelofthetime:male,middleclassandWestern.Walkintoaclasstoday,however,andyou’llgetacompletelydifferentimpression.Forastart,youwillnowseeplentymorewomen—theUniversityofPennsylvania’sWhartonSchool,forexample,boaststhat40%ofitsnewenrolmentisfemale.Youwillalsoseeawiderangeofethnicgroupsandnationalsofpracticallyeverycountry.Itmightbetempting,therefore,tothinkthattheoldbarriershavebeenbrokendownandequalopportunityachieved.But,increasingly,thisapparentdiversityisbecomingamaskforanewtypeofconformity.Behindthedifferencesinsex,skintonesandmothertongues,therearecommonattitudes,expectationsandambitionswhichriskcreatingasetofclonesamongthebusinessleadersofthefuture.Diversity,itseems,hasnothelpedtoaddressfundamentalweaknessesinbusinessleadership.Sowhatcanbedonetocreatemoreeffectivemanagersofthecommercialworld?AccordingtoValerieGauthier,associatedeanatHECParis,thekeyliesintheprocessbywhichMBAprogrammesrecruittheirstudents.Atthemomentcandidatesareselectedonafairlynarrowsetofcriteriasuchasprioracademicandcareerperformance,andanalyticalandproblemsolvingabilities.Thisisthencoupledtoaschool’spictureofwhatadiverseclassshouldlooklike,withtheresultthatpassport,ethnicoriginandsexcanallbecomeinfluencingfactors.Butschoolsrarelydigdowntofindoutwhatreallymakesanapplicantsucceed,tocreateaclasswhichalsocontainsdiversityofattitudeandapproach—arguablytheonlydiversitythat,inabusinesscontext,reallymatters.ProfessorGauthierbelievesschoolsshouldnotjustbeselectingcandidatesfromtraditionalsectorssuchasbanking,consultancyandindustry.Theyshouldalsobe

17seekingindividualswhohavebackgroundsinareassuchaspoliticalscience,the

18creativearts,historyorphilosophy,whichwillallowthemtoputbusinessdecisionsintoawidercontext.Indeed,theredoesseemtobeademandforthemoreroundedleaderssuchdiversitymightcreate.AstudybyMannaz,aleadershipdevelopmentcompany,suggeststhat,whilethebully-boychiefexecutiveofoldmaynothavebeeneradicatedcompletely,thereisadefiniteshiftinemphasistowardslesstoughstylesofmanagement—atleastinAmericaandEurope.Perhapsmostsignificant,accordingtoMannaz,istheincreasinginterestlargecompanieshaveinmorecollaborativemanagementmodels,suchasthoseprevalentinScandinavia,whichseektointegratethehardandsoftaspectsofleadershipandencouragedelegatedresponsibilityandaccountability.注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。61.Whatcharacterisesthebusinessschoolstudentpopulationoftoday?A)Greaterdiversity.C)Exceptionaldiligence.B)Intellectualmaturity.D)Higherambition.62.Whatistheauthor’sconcernaboutcurrentbusinessschooleducation?A)Itwillarousestudents’unrealisticexpectations.B)Itstressescompetitionratherthancooperation.C)Itfocusesontheoryratherthanonpracticalskills.D)Itwillproducebusinessleadersofauniformstyle.63.WhataspectofdiversitydoesValerieGauthierthinkismostimportant?A)Attitudeandapproachtobusiness.B)Socialandprofessionalexperience.C)Ageandeducationalbackground.D)Ethnicoriginandgender.64.WhatapplicantsdoestheauthorthinkMBAprogrammesshouldconsiderrecruiting?A)Applicantswithpriorexperienceincorporateactivities.B)Applicantswithsoundknowledgeinmathandstatistics.C)Applicantsfromlessdevelopedregionsandareas.D)Applicantsfromoutsidethetraditionalsectors.65.WhatdoesMannazsayaboutthecurrentmanagementstyle?A)Itiseradicatingthetoughaspectsofmanagement.B)Itisshiftingtowardsmorecollaborativemodels.C)Itadoptsthebully-boychiefexecutivemodel.D)Itencouragesmaleandfemaleexecutivestoworksidebyside.

19PartIVTranslation(30minutes)Directions:Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestotranslateapassagefromChineseintoEnglish.YoushouldwriteyouransweronAnswerSheet2.中国新年是中国最重要的传统节日，在中国也被称为春节。新年的庆祝活动从除夕开始一直延续到元宵节（theLanternFestival），即从农历（lunarcalendar）最后一个月的最后一天至新年第一个月的第十五天。各地欢度春节的习俗和传统有很大差异，但通常每个家庭都会在除夕夜团聚，一起吃年夜饭。为驱厄运、迎好运，家家户户都会进行大扫除。人们还会在门上粘贴红色的对联（couplets），对联的主题为健康、发财和好运。其他的活动还有放鞭炮、发红包和探亲访友等。注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。

20TapeScriptofListeningComprehensionSectionADirections:Inthissection,youwillhear8shortconversationsand2longconversations.Attheendofeachconversation,oneormorequestionswillbeaskedaboutwhatwassaid.Boththeconversationandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Aftereachquestiontherewillbeapause.Duringthepause,youmustreadthefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD),anddecidewhichisthebestanswer.ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet1withasinglelinethroughthecentre.1.W:DidyouhearthatAnnaneedstostayinbedforfourweeks?M:Yeah.Sheinjuredherspineinafall.Andthedoctortoldhertolieflatonherbackforamonth,soitcanmend.Q:Whatcanwelearnfromtheconversation?2.W:We’retakingupacollectiontobuyagiftforGemma.She’llhavebeenwiththecompany25yearsnextweek.M:Well,countmein,butI’mabitshortoncashnow.Whendoyouneedit?Q:Whatisthemangoingtodo?3.W:Tony’smotherhasinvitedmetodinner.DoyouthinkIshouldtellherinadvancethatI’mavegetarian?M:Ofcourse.Ithinkshe’dappreciateit—imaginehowyou’dbothfeelifshefixedaturkeydinnerorsomething.Q:Whatdoesthemansuggestthewomando?4.W:Ihopeyou’renottooputoutwithmeforthedelay.IhadtostopbyFred’shometopickupabookonmywayhere.M:Well,that’snotabigdeal.Butyoumightatleastphoneifyouknowyou’regoingtokeepsomeonewaiting.Q:Whatdowelearnaboutthewomanfromtheconversation?5.W:Idon’tthinkwehaveenoughinformationforourpresentation.Butwehavetogiveittomorrow.Theredoesn’tseemtobemuchwecandoaboutit.M:Yeah.Atthispoint,we’llhavetomakedowithwhatwe’vegot.Q:Whatdoesthemansuggesttheydo?6.M:ThistrucklookslikewhatIneed,butI’mworriedaboutmaintenance.Forus,it’llhavetooperateforlongperiodsoftimeinverycoldtemperatures.W:Wehaveseveralmodelsthatarespeciallyadaptedforextremeconditions.Wouldyouliketoseethem?Q:Whatdowelearnaboutthemanfromtheconversation?

217.W:I’dliketoexchangethisshirt.I’velearnedthatthepersonIboughtitforisallergictowool.M:Maybewecanfindsomethingincottonorsilk.Pleasecomethisway.Q:Whatdoesthewomanwanttodo?8.W:Ithinkyourarticleintheschoolnewspaperisrightontarget.Andyourviewpointshavecertainlyconvincedme.M:Thanks.Butinviewofthegeneralresponses,youandIaredefinitelyintheminority.Q:Whatdoesthemanmean?ConversationOneW:OneofthemostinterestingexperimentswithdolphinsmustbeonedonebyDrJarvisBastian.WhathetriedtodowastoteachamaledolphincalledBuzzandafemalecalledDoristocommunicatewitheachotheracrossasolidbarrier.M:Sohowdidhedoitexactly?W:Well,firstofallhekeptthetwodolphinstogetherinthesametankandtaughtthemtopressleverswhenevertheysawalight.Theleverswerefittedtothesideofthetanknexttoeachother.Ifthelightflashedonandoffseveraltimes,thedolphinsweresupposedtopresstheleft-handleverfollowedbytheright-handone.Ifthelightwaskeptsteady,thedolphinsweresupposedtopresstheleversinreverseorder.Whenevertheyrespondedcorrectlytheywererewardedwithfish.M:Soundsterriblycomplicated…W:Well,thatwasthefirststage.Inthesecondstage,DrBastianseparatedthedolphinsintotwotanks.Theycouldstillhearoneanotherbuttheycouldn’tactuallyseeeachother.Theleversandthelightweresetupinexactlythesameway,exceptthatthistimeitwasonlyDoriswhocouldseethelightindicatingwhichlevertopressfirst.Butinordertogettheirfishbothdolphinshadtopresstheleversinthecorrectorder.ThismeantofcoursethatDorishadtotellBuzzwhetheritwasaflashinglightorwhetheritwasasteadylight.M:Sodiditwork?W:Well–amazinglyenough,thedolphinsachieveda100%successrate…Questions9to11arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.9.WhatisthepurposeofDrJarvisBastian’sexperiment?10.Whatwerethedolphinssupposedtodowhentheysawthesteadylight?11.Howdidthesecondstageoftheexperimentdifferfromthefirststage?ConversationTwoW:There’sanelementthereaboutcompetition,though,isn’tthere?BecauseBritishRailwaysareanationalisedindustry,there’sonlyonerailwaysysteminthecountry.Ifyoudon’tlikeaparticularcanofbakedbeans,youcangoandbuyanother,butifyou

22don’tlikeaparticularrailway,youcan’tgoanduseanother.

23M:Somepeoplewhowritetomesaythis.Theysaythatifyoudidn’thaveamonopoly,youwouldn’tbeabletodothethingsyoudo.Well,Idon’tthinkwedoanythingdeliberatelytoupsetourcustomers.Wehaveparticularproblems.Since1946whentheTransportActcamein,wewerenationalised.W:Doyouthinkthat’sagoodthing?Hasitbeenagoodthingfortherailways,doyouthink,tobenationalised?M:Oh,Ithinkso,yes.Becauseingeneral,modesoftransportareallaround,let’sfacethefact.Thecararrived,thecarisheretostay.There’snoquestionaboutthat.W:Sowhatyou’resayingthenisthatiftherailwayshadn’tbeennationalised,theywouldsimplyhavedisappeared.M:Oh,Ithinktheywouldhave.They’redisappearingfastinAmerica.Er,theFrenchrailwayslose£1billionayear,theGermanrailways£2billionayear.Butyousee,thosegovernmentsarepreparedtopourmoneyintothetransportsystemtokeepitgoing.W:Soinasenseyou’recaughtbetweentwoextremes,ontheonehandyou’retryingnottolosetoomuchmoney,andontheotherhandyou’vegottoprovidethebestservice.M:Yes,you’reright.Questions12to15arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.12.WhatdoesthewomansayaboutBritishRailways?13.Whatdosomepeoplewhowritetothemancomplainabout?14.Whatdoesthemansaythreatenstheexistenceofrailways?15.Whatdoesthemansayaboutrailwaysinothercountries?SectionBDirections:Inthissection,youwillhear3shortpassages.Attheendofeachpassage,youwillhearsomequestions.Boththepassageandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaquestion,youmustchoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet1withasinglelinethroughthecentre.PassageOneEnjoyinganicedcoffee?Betterskipdinnerorhitthegymafterwards,withacancercharitywarningthatsomeicedcoffeescontainasmanycaloriesasahotdinner.TheWorldCancerResearchFund(WCRF)conductedasurveyoficedcoffeessoldbysomepopularchainsinBritainincludingStarbucks,CaffeNeroandCostaCoffeetogaugethecaloriesasstudiesincreasinglylinkobesitywithcancer.Theworstoffender—acoffeefromStarbucks—had561calories.Othericedcoffeescontainedmorethan450caloriesandthemajorityhadinexcessof200.Healthexpertsadvisethattheaveragewomanshouldconsumeabout2,000

24caloriesadayandamanabout2,500caloriestomaintainahealthyweight.Dieters

25aimfor1,000to1,500caloriesaday.“Thefactthatthereisanicedcoffeeonthemarketwithoveraquarterofawoman’sdailycaloriesallowanceisalarming,”Dr.RachelThompson,scienceprogrammanageratLondon-basedWCRF,saidinawidely-reportedstatement.“Thisistheamountofcaloriesyoumightexpecttohaveinaneveningmeal,notinadrink.”TheWCRFhasestimatedthat19,000cancersayearinBritaincouldbepreventedifpeoplelosttheirexcessweight,withgrowingevidencethatexcessbodyfatincreasestheriskofvariouscancers.“Ifyouarehavingthesetypesofcoffeeregularly,thentheywillincreasethechancesofyoubecomingoverweight,whichinturnincreasesyourriskofdevelopingcancer,aswellasotherdiseasessuchasheartdisease,”sheadded.Questions16to18arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.16.Whatwarningdidsomehealthexpertsgive?17.Whatdoesthespeakersuggestpeopledoaftertheyhaveanicedcoffee?18.WhatcouldBritishpeopleexpectiftheymaintainedanormalbodyweightaccordingtotheWCRF?PassageTwoInasmalllaboratoryattheMedicalUniversityofSouthCarolina,Dr.VladimirMironovhasbeenworkingforadecadetogrowmeat.Adevelopmentalbiologistandtissueengineer,Dr.Mironovisoneofonlyafewscientistsworldwideinvolvedinbioengineering“cultured”meat.It’saproducthebelievescouldhelpsolvefutureglobalfoodcrisesresultingfromshrinkingamountsoflandavailableforgrowingmeattheold-fashionedway.GrowthofculturedmeatisalsounderwayintheNetherlands,MironovtoldReutersinaninterview,butintheUnitedStates,itisscienceinsearchoffundinganddemand.ThenewNationalInstituteofFoodandAgriculturewon’tfundit,theNationalInstitutesofHealthwon’tfundit,andNASAfundeditonlybriefly,Mironovsaid.“It’sclassicdisruptivetechnology,”Mironovsaid.“Bringinganynewtechnologyonthemarket,onaverage,costs$1billion.Wedon’tevenhave$1million.”DirectoroftheAdvancedTissueBiofabricationCenterintheDepartmentofRegenerativeMedicineandCellBiologyatthemedicaluniversity,Mironovnowprimarilyconductsresearchontissueengineering,orgrowing,ofhumanorgans.“There’sanunpleasantfactorwhenpeoplefindoutmeatisgrowninalab.Theydon’tliketoassociatetechnologywithfood,”saidNicholasGenovese,avisitingscholarincancercellbiology.“Butthere’realotofproductsthatweeattodaythatareconsiderednaturalthatareproducedinasimilarmanner,”Genovesesaid.

26Questions19to21arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.

2719.WhatdoesDr.Mironovthinkofbioengineeringculturedmeat?20.WhatdoesDr.Mironovsayaboutthefundingfortheirresearch?21.WhatdoesNicholasGenovesesayaboutalotofproductsweeattoday?PassageThreeFlorenceHayesisajournalistfortheGreenvilleJournal,thedailynewspaperintown.Specifically,shecoverscrimeintheGreenvillearea.Thisresponsibilitytakeshertomanydifferentplaceseveryweek—thepolicestation,thecourtandthehospital.Mostofthecrimesthatshewritesaboutfallintotwogroups:violentcrimesandcrimesagainstproperty.Thereisn’tmuchviolentcrimeinasmalltownlikeGreenville,oratleastnotasmuchasinlargeurbanareas.ButassaultsoftenoccuronFridayandSaturdaynightsnearthebarsdowntown.There’realsooneortworapesoncampuseverysemester.Florenceisveryinterestedinthistypeofcrimeandtriestowritealongarticleabouteachone.SheexpectsthatthiswillmakewomenmorecarefulwhentheywalkaroundGreenvillealoneatnight.Fortunately,there’reusuallynomurdersinGreenville.CrimesagainstpropertymakeupmostofMs.Hayes’reporting.Theyrangefromminorcasesofdeliberatedamagingofthingstomuchmoreseriousoffenses,suchascaraccidentsinvolvingdrunkdrivers,orbankrobberies.ButFlorencehastoreportalloftheseviolations,fromthethiefwhotooktypewritersfromeveryunlockedroominadormitorytothethiefwhostole$1millionworthofartworkfromtheuniversitymuseum.Ms.Hayesenjoysworkingforanewspaper,butshesometimesgetsunhappyaboutallthecrimesshehastoreport.Shewouldprefertostartwritingaboutsomethingmoreinterestingandlessunpleasant,suchaslocalnewsorpolitics.Maybenextyear!Questions22to25arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.22.WhatisFlorenceHayes’mainresponsibilityasajournalist?23.WhatdoesthespeakersayaboutsecurityinGreenville?24.WhatdowelearnaboutcrimesagainstpropertyintheGreenvillearea?25.WhatwouldFlorenceHayesprefertodo?SectionCDirections:Inthissection,youwillhearapassagethreetimes.Whenthepassageisreadforthefirsttime,youshouldlistencarefullyforitsgeneralidea.Whenthepassageisreadforthesecondtime,youarerequiredtofillintheblankswiththeexactwordsyouhavejustheard.Finally,whenthepassageisreadforthethirdtime,youshouldcheckwhatyouhavewritten.

28GeorgeHerbertMeadsaidthathumansaretalkedintohumanity.Hemeantthatwegainpersonalidentityaswecommunicatewithothers.Intheearliestyearsofourlives,ourparentstelluswhoweare.“You’re(26)intelligent.”“You’resostrong.”Wefirstseeourselvesthroughtheeyesofothers,sotheirmessagesformimportant(27)foundationsofourself-concepts.Laterweinteractwithteachers,friends,(28)romanticpartners,andco-workerswhocommunicatetheirviewsofus.Thus,howweseeourselvesreflectstheviewsofusthatotherscommunicate.The(29)profoundconnectionbetweenidentityandcommunicationisdramaticallyevidentinchildrenwho(30)aredeprivedofhumancontact.Casestudiesofchildrenwhowereisolatedfromothersrevealthattheylackafirmself-concept,andtheirmentalandpsychologicaldevelopmentisseverelyhinderedbylackoflanguage.Communicationwithothersnotonlyaffectsoursenseofidentitybutalsodirectlyinfluencesourphysicalandemotional(31)well-being.Consistently,researchshowsthatcommunicatingwithotherspromoteshealth,whereassocialisolation(32)islinkedtostress,disease,andearlydeath.Peoplewholackclosefriendshavegreaterlevelsofanxietyanddepressionthanpeoplewhoareclosetoothers.Agroupofresearchersreviewed(33)scoresofstudiesthattracedtherelationshipbetweenhealthandinteractionwithothers.Theconclusionwasthatsocialisolationis(34)statisticallyasdangerousashighbloodpressure,smokingandobesity.Manydoctorsandresearchersbelievethatlonelinessharmstheimmunesystem,makingusmore(35)vulnerabletoarangeofminorandmajorillnesses.

29参考答案PartIISectionAListeningComprehension1.D6.A11.D2.A7.D12.C3.C8.C13.B4.B9.C14.A5.D10.A15.BSectionB16.B21.B17.C22.C18.D23.A19.C24.B20.D25.CSectionC26.intelligent28.romantic30.aredeprivedof32.islinkedto34.statistically27.foundations29.profound31.well-being33.scoresof35.vulnerablePartIIISectionAReadingComprehension36.A41.E37.F42.H38.O43.D39.B44.C40.I45.LSectionB46.F51.I47.K52.B48.D53.J49.A54.E50.M55.HSectionC56.A61.A57.D62.D58.C63.A59.A64.D60.B65.BPartIVTranslationChineseNewYearisthemostimportanttraditionalChineseholiday.InChina,itisalsoknownastheSpringFestival.NewYearcelebrationsrunfromChineseNewYear’sEve,thelastdayofthelastmonthofthelunarcalendar,totheLanternFestivalonthe15thdayofthefirstmonth.CustomsandtraditionsconcerningthecelebrationoftheChineseNewYearvarywidelyfromplacetoplace.However,NewYear’sEveisusuallyanoccasionforChinesefamiliestogatherfortheannualreuniondinner.Itisalsotraditionalforeveryfamilytothoroughlycleanthehouseinordertosweepawayillfortuneandtobringingoodluck.Anddoorswillbedecoratedwithredcoupletswiththemesofhealth,wealthandgoodluck.Otheractivitiesincludelightingfirecrackers,givingmoneyinredenvelopes,andvisitingrelativesandfriends.