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博雅外语资料汇总PartIWriting（30minutes） 注意：此部分试题在答题卡1上。 Directions:Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowriteashortessayonthetopicofFreeAdmissiontoMuseums.Youshouldwriteatleast120wordsfollowingtheoutlinegivenbelow: 1.越来越多的博物馆免费开放的目的是什么？ 2.也会带来一些问题 3.你的看法PartIIReadingComprehension（SkimmingandScanning）（15minutes） Directions:Inthispart,youwillhave15minutestogooverthepassagequicklyandanswerthequestionsonAnswerSheet1.Forquestions1-7,choosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA），B），C）andD）.Forquestions8-10,completethesentenceswiththeinformationgiveninthepassage.HowDoYouSeeDiversity? Asamanager,Tiffanyisresponsibleforinterviewingapplicantsforsomeofthepositionswithhercompany.Duringoneinterview,shenoticedthatthecandidatenevermadedirecteyecontact.Shewaspuzzledandsomewhatdisappointedbecauseshelikedtheindividualotherwise. Hehadaperfectresumeandgavegoodresponsestoherquestions,butthefactthatheneverlookedherintheeyesaid“untrustworthy,”soshedecidedtoofferthejobtohersecondchoice.“Itwasn’tuntilIattendedadiversityworkshopthatIrealizedthepersonwepassedoverwastheperfectperson,”Tiffanyconfesses.Whatshehadn’tknownatthetimeoftheinterviewwasthatthecandidate’s“different”behaviorwassimplyaculturalmisunderstanding.HewasanAsian-Americanraisedinahouseholdwhererespectforthoseinauthoritywasshownbyaverting(避开)youreyes. “Iwasjustthrownoffbythelackofeyecontact;notrealizingitwascultural,”Tiffanysays.“Imissedout,butwillnotmissthatopportunityagain.” Manyofushavehadsimilarencounterswithbehaviorsweperceiveasdifferent.Astheworldbecomessmallerandourworkplacesmorediverse,itisbecomingessentialtoexpandourunderstandingofothersandtoreexaminesomeofourfalseassumptions.HireAdvantage Atatimewhenhiringqualifiedpeopleisbecomingmoredifficult,employerswhocaneliminateinvalidbiases(偏见)fromtheprocesshaveadistinctadvantage.Mycompany,MindsetsLLC,helpsorganizationsandindividualsseetheirownblindspots.Arealestaterecruiterweworkedwithillustratesthepositivedifferencesuchtrainingcanmake. “DuringmyMindsetscoachingsession,Iwastaughthowtorecruitadiversifiedworkforce.Irecruitedpeoplefromdifferentculturesandskillsets.Theagentswereabletoutilizetheirfullpotentialandexperiencestobuildupthecompany.Whentherealestatemarketbegantochange,itwasbecausewehadadiverseagentpoolthatwewereabletosayintherealestatemarketmuchlongerthanothersinthesameprofession.”BlindedbyGender Daleisanaccountexecutivewhoattendedoneofmyworkshopsonsupervisingadiverseworkforce.“Throughoneofthesessions,Idiscoveredmypersonalbias,”herecalls.“IlearnedIhadnotbeenlookingatapersonasawholeperson,andbeingopentodifferences.”Inhiscase,
1theblindnesswasnotaboutculturebutrathergender. “Ihadamanagementpositionopeninmydepartment;andthetwofinalistswereamanandawoman.HadInotattendedthisworkshop,Iwouldhaveautomaticallyassumedthemanwasthebestcandidatebecausethepositionrequiredquiteabitofextensivetravel.Myreasoningwouldhavebeenthateventhoughbothcandidatesweregreatandcouldhavebeensuccessfulintheposition,Iassumedthewomanwouldhavewantedtobehomewithherchildrenandnottravel.”Dale’sassumptionsareanotherexampleofthewell-intentionedbutincorrectthinkingthatlimitsanorganization’sabilitytotapintothefullpotentialofadiverseworkforce. “Ilearnedfromtheclassthatinsteadofimposingmygenderbiasesintothesituation,Ineededtopresentthefullrangeofduties,responsibilitiesandexpectationstoallcandidatesandallowthemtomakeaninformeddecision.”Dalecreditstheworkshop,“becauseithelpedmemakedecisionsbasedonfairness.”YearoftheKnow-It-All Dougisanothersupervisorwhoattendedoneofmyworkshops.Herecallsamajorlessonlearnedfromhisownemployee. “OneofmymostembarrassingmomentswaswhenIhadaChinese-AmericanemployeeputinarequesttotaketimeofftocelebrateChineseNewYear.Inmyignorance,Iassumedhehadhisdateswrong’,asthefirstofJanuaryhadjustpassed.WhenIadvisedhimofthis,Igavehimatongtalking-toaboutturninginrequestsearlywiththeproperdates. “Hepatientlywaited,thenwhenIwasdone,hesaidhewouldlikeChineseNewYearoff,nottheWesternNewYear.HeexplainedpolitelythatinhisculturethenewyeardidnotbeginJanuaryfirst,andthatChineseNewYear,whichistiedtothelunarcycle,isoneofthemostcelebratedholidaysontheChinesecalendar.Needlesstosay,Ifeltveryembarrassedinassuminghehadhisdatesmixedup.ButIlearnedagreatdealaboutassumptions,andthatthetimingofholidaysvariesconsiderablyfromculturetoculture. “AttendingthediversityworkshophelpedmerealizehowmuchIcouldlearnbysimplyaskingquestionsandcreatingdialogueswithtoyemployees,ratherthanmakingassumptionsandtryingtobeaknow-it-all,”Dougadmits.“ThebiggestthingItookawayfromtheworkshopislearninghowtobemore‘inclusive’todifferences.”ABetterBottomLine Anopenmindaboutdiversitynotonlyimprovesorganizationsinternally,itisprofitableaswell.Thesecommentsfromacustomerservicerepresentativeshowhowaninclusiveattitudecanimprovesales.“MostofmycustomersspeakEnglishasasecondlanguage.Oneofthebestthingsmycompanyhasdoneistocontractwithalanguageservicethatofferstranslationsoverthephone.Itwasn’tuntilmybossreceivedMindsets’trainingthatshewasabletounderstandhowimportantinclusivenesswastocustomerservice.Asaresult,ourcustomerbasehasincreased.” Oncewestarttoseepeopleasindividuals,anddiscardthestereotypes,wecanmovepositivelytowardinclusivenessforeveryone.Diversityisaboutcomingtogetherandtakingadvantageofourdifferencesandsimilarities.Itisaboutbuildingbettercommunitiesandorganizationsthatenhanceusasindividualsandreinforceoursharedhumanity. Whenwebegintoquestionourassumptionsandchallengewhatwethinkwehavelearnedfromourpast,fromthemedia,peers,family,friends,etc.,webegintorealizethatsomeofourconclusionsareflawed(有缺陷的)orcontrarytoourfundamentalvalues.Weneedtotrainourselvestothinkdifferently,shiftourmindsetsandrealizethatdiversityopensdoorsforallofus,
2creatingopportunitiesinorganizationsandcommunitiesthatbenefiteveryone. 注意：此部分试题请在答题卡1上作答。 1.WhatbotheredTiffanyduringaninterviewwithhercandidate？ A）Hejustwouldn’tlookherintheeye. B）Hewasslowinansweringherquestions. C）Hisresumedidn’tprovidethenecessaryinformation. D）Hisanswerstosomeofherquestionswereirrelevant. 2.Tiffany’smisjudgmentaboutthecandidatestemmedfrom_______. A）racialstereotypes B）invalidpersonalbias C）culturalignorance D）emphasisonphysicalappearance 3.Whatisbecomingessentialinthecourseofeconomicglobalizationaccordingtotheauthor? A）Hiringqualifiedtechnicalandmanagementpersonnel. B）Increasingunderstandingofpeopleofothercultures. C）Constantlyupdatingknowledgeandequipment. D）Expandingdomesticandinternationalmarkets. 4.WhatkindoforganizationisMindsetsLLC? A）Arealestateagency. B）Apersonneltrainingcompany. C）Aculturalexchangeorganization. D）Ahi-techcompany. 5.Afteroneoftheworkshops,accountexecutiveDalerealizedthat____. A）hehadhiredthewrongperson B）hecouldhavedonemoreforhiscompany C）hehadnotmanagedhisworkforcewell D）hemustgetridofhisgenderbias 6.WhatdidDalethinkofMindsetsLLC’sworkshop? A）Itwaswell-intentionedbutpoorlyconducted B）Ittappedintotheexecutives’fullpotential. C）Ithelpedhimmakefairdecisions. D）Itmetparticipants’diverseneeds. 7.HowdidDoug,asupervisor,respondtoaChinese-Americanemployee’srequestforleave? A）Hetoldhimtogetthedatesright. B）Hedemandedanexplanation. C）Heflatlyturneditdown. D）Hereadilyapprovedit. 8.Dougfelt________whenherealizedthathisassumptionwaswrong. 9.AfterattendingMindsets’workshops,theparticipantscametoknowtheimportanceof______totheirbusiness. 10.Whenweviewpeopleasindividualsandgetridofstereotypes,wecanachievediversityandbenefitfromthe_______betweenus.PartIIIListeningComprehension（35minutes） SectionA Directions:Inthissection,youwillhear8shortconversationsand2longconversations.Attheendofeachconversation,oneormorequestionswillbeaskedaboutwhatwassaid.Boththeconversationandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Aftereachquestiontherewillbeapause.Duringthepause,youmustreadthefourchoicesmarkedA），B），C）andD），anddecidewhichisthebestanswer.ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.
3 注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。 11.A）Sheexpectedmorepeopleatherparty.B）Sheenjoysentertainingsmallchildren. C）Shethrewasurprisepartyforherfriend. D）Shehasalwaysenjoyedgreatpopularity. 12.A）Theyarenotusedtolivinginacoldplace.B）TheyfeelluckytoliveinFlorida. C）Theyaregoingtohaveaholiday.D）Theyhavenotbookedtheirairticketsyet. 13.A）Hewaspleasedtogetthemedal.B）Hewasverycourageous. C）Heusedtobeafirefighter.D）Hewasaccusedofcausingafire. 14.A）Makeaprofitableinvestment.B）Buyanewwashingmachine. C）GetpartsforthemachinefromJapan.D）Havetheoldwashingmachinefixed. 15.A）Heispleasedwithhisexcitingnewjob.B）Hefindsthehugeworkloadunbearable. C）Hefindshisofficemuchtoobigforhim. D）Heisnottoexcitedabouthisnewposition. 16.A）Thewomanisgoingtoholdabigpartytomorrow. B）Themanhasnoideawhattherightthingtodois. C）Thewomandoesn’tknowhowtogettotheparty. D）Themanofferstodrivethewomantotheparty. 17.A）Drawingupabusinessplan. B）Discussingatermpaper. C）Finalizingacontract. D）Reviewingaco-authoredarticle. 18.A）Sheorderedsomepaper. B）Shehadtheprinterrepaired. C）Shechattedonlinewithafriend. D）Shefilledinanapplicationform. Questions19to22arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard. 19.A）Hishealthisgettingworse. B）Hecannolongerworkatsea. C）Hispastlifeupsetshimagooddeal. D）Hehasnotgottheexpectedpension. 20.A）Shepassedawayyearsago. B）Sheusedtoworkasamodel. C）Shehasbeenworkingataclinic. D）Shehasbeenseriouslyillforyears. 21.A）Shehasmadelotsofmoneyasadoctor.B）Sheisgoingtotakecareofherolddad. C）Shehasnevergotonwithherfather. D）Sheiskindandgenerousbynature. 22.A）Hodinesoutwithhiswifeeveryweekend. B）Heisexcellentbutlooksbad-tempered. C）Hedoesnotcareabouthisappearance. D）Heisnotquitepopularwithhispatients. Questions23to25arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard. 23.A）Themanhassenttheordertothewomanbymistake. B）Someofthetelephonesystemsdon’tworkproperly. C）Someofthepacksdonotcontainanymanuals. D）Thequalityofthegoodsisnotuptothestandard. 24.A）Sendaserviceengineertodotherepairs. B）Consultherbossaboutthebestsolution. C）Passtheman’sordertotherightperson. D）Solvetheproblemathercompany’scost. 25.A）Ideal. B）Temporary. C）Partial. D）Creative.SectionB
4 Directions:Inthissection,youwillhear3shortpassages.Attheendofeachpassage,youwillhearsomequestions.Boththepassageandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaquestion,youmustchoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA），B），C）andD）.ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre. 注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。 PassageOneQuestions26to28arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard. 26.A）Itisentertaining. B）Itisacostlyhobby. C）Ittakeslotsoftime. D）Itrequirestraining. 27.A）Theycanharmnearbyplants. B）Theymaycatchsomedisease. C）Theyfighteachotherforfood. D）Theymaypollutetheenvironment. 28.A）Placethefoodonwarmerspots. B）Usepreparedfeedmixturesonly. C）Avoidusinganycontaminatedfood D）Continuethefeedingtillitgetswarm. PassageTwoQuestions29to31arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard. 29.A）Hewillbetrayevenhisbestfriends. B）Heisabletomakeupgoodexcuses. C）Hewillliewheneverhewants. D）Hetriestoachievehisgoalatanycost. 30.A）Shemadehimapologize. B）Shereadilyforgavehim. C）Shebrokeupwithhim. D）Sherefusedtoanswerhiscalls. 31.A）Buyheranewsetoftires. B）Helpcleanherapartment. C）Lendherhisbatteries. D）Movefurnitureforher. PassageThreeQuestions32to35arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard. 32.A）Theatmospheretheyliveinisratherunreal. B）Theirparentsputtoomuchpressureonthem. C）It’shardforthemtogetalongwithotherkids. D）Theyhavetoliveintheshadowoftheirparents. 33.A）Healwaysboastsabouthisrichfather. B）Hewillgrowuptobegoodfornothing. C）Hehastoomuchtoknowthevalueofthings. D）Heistooyoungtomanagehisinheritedproperty. 34.A）ShewantsAmandatogetprofessionalcare. B）Shehasnoexperienceinraisingchildren. C）Shewantstoshowoffherwealth. D）Shehasnotimetodoitherself. 35.A）ThelifestyledepictedinHollywoodmovies. B）Theworshipofmoney,beautyandpleasure. C）Theattentionthemediafocusesonthem. D）Thepursuingofperfectioninperformance. SectionC Directions:Inthissection,youwillhearapassagethreetimes.Whenthepassageisreadforthefirsttime,youshouldlistencarefullyforitsgeneralidea.Whenthepassage
5isreadforthesecondtime,youarerequiredtofillintheblanksnumberedfrom36to43withtheexactwordsyouhavejustheard.Forblanksnumberedfrom44to46youarerequiredtofillinthemissinginformation.Fortheseblanks,youcaneitherusetheexactwordsyouhavejustheardorwritedownthemainpointsinyourownwords.Finally,whenthepassageisreadforthethirdtime,youshouldcheckwhatyouhavewritten.注意：此部分试题请在答题卡２上作答。 Around120yearsago,Ebbinghausbeganhisstudyofmemory.He（36）____onstudyinghowquicklythehumanmindcanremember（37）____.Oneresultofhisresearchisknownasthetotaltimehypothesis（假设），whichsimplymeanstheamountyoulearn（38）____onthetimeyouspendtryingtolessit.Thiscanbetakenasourfirstruleoflearning. Althoughitisusuallytruethatstudyingforfourhoursisbetterthanstudyingforone,thereisthequestionofhowweshouldusethefourhours.Forexample,isitbettertostudyforfourhours（39）____ortostudyforonehouradayforfourdaysina（40）____?Theanswer,asyoumayhave（41）____,isthatitisbettertospreadoutthestudytimes.This（42）____,throughwhichtoocanlearnmore（43）____bydividingourpracticetime,isknownasthedistributionofpracticeeffect.Thus,（44）__________________________________________. Butwe’renotfinishedyet.Wehaven’tconsideredhowweshouldstudyoververyshortperiodsoftime.（45）__________________________________________.Shouldyoulookatthesamewordinrapidsuccession,orlookatthewordandthenhavesomedelaybeforeyoulookatitagain?（46）__________________________________________.PartIVReadingComprehension（ReadinginDepth）（25minutes） SectionA Questions47to56arebasedonthefollowingpassage. EveryyearinthefirstweekofmyEnglishclass,somestudentsinformmethatwritingistoohard.Theyneverwrite,unlessassignments__47__it.Theyfindthewritingprocess__48__anddifficult. Howawfultobeabletospeakinalanguagebutnottowriteinit---__49__English,withitsrichvocabulary.Beingabletospeakbutnotwriteislikelivinginan__50__mansion(豪宅)andneverleavingonesmallroom.WhenImeetstudentswhothinktheycan’twrite,Iknots,asateachermy__51__istoshowthemtherestoftherooms.Mytaskistobuildfluencywhileprovidingtheopportunityinherentinanywritingactivityto__52__themoralandemotionaldevelopmentofmystudents.Onegreatwaytodothisisbyhavingstudentswriteinajournalinclasseveryday. Writingabilityislikestrengthtraining.Writingneedstobedone__53__,justlikeexercise;justasmusclesgrowstrongerwithexercise,writingskillsimprovequicklywithwritingpractice.Ioftenseeariseinstudentconfidenceand__54__afteronlyafewweeksofjournalwriting. ExpressingoneselfinwritingisoneofthemostimportantskillsIteachtostrengthenthewholestudent.Whenmystudentspracticejournalwriting,theyarepracticingfortheirfutureacademic,political,and__55__lives.Theybuildskillssothatsomedaytheymightwriteagreatnovel,apieceofsorelyneededlegislation,ortheperfectloveletter.Everydaythattheywriteintheirjournalsputsthemastep__56__tofluency,eloquence（雄辩），andcommandoflanguage. 注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。
6A）closerI）painfulB）daily J）performanceC）emotionalK）professionD）enhanceL）remarkablyE）enormousM）requireF）especially N）sensitiveG）hinder O）urgeH）mission SectionBPassageOneQuestions57to61arebasedonthefollowingpassage. TheJanuaryfashionshow,calledFutureFashion,exemplifiedhowfargreendesignhascome.OrganizedbytheNewYork-basednonprofitEarthPledge,theshowinspiredmanytopdesignerstoworkwithsustainablefabricsforthefirsttime.Severalhavesincemadepledgestoincludeorganicfabricsintheirlines. Thedesignerswhoundertakegreenfashionstillfacemanychallenges.ScottHahn,cofounderwithGregoryofRoganandLoomstate,whichusesall-organiccotton,sayshigh-qualitysustainablematerialscanstillbetoughtofind.“Mostdesignerswithexistinglabelsarefindingtherearen’tcomparablefabricsthatcanjustreplacewhatyou’redoingandwhatyourcustomersareusedto,”hesays.Forexample,organiccottonandnon-organiccottonarevirtuallyindistinguishableoncewovenintoadress.Butsomepopularsynthetics,likestretchnylon,stillhavefeweco-friendlyequivalents. Thosewhodomaketheswitcharefindingtheyhavemoresupport.LastyeartheinfluentialtradeshowDesigners&Agentsstoppedchargingitsparticipationfeeforyounggreenentrepreneurs（企业家）whoattenditstwospringtimeshowsinLosAngelesandNewYorkandgavespecialrecognitiontodesignerswhosecollectionsareatleast25%sustainable.Itnowcountsmorethan50greendesigners,upfromfewerthanadozentwoyearsago.ThisweekWal-Martissettoannounceamajorinitiativeaimedathelpingcottonfarmersgoorganic:itwillbuytransitional（过渡型的）cottonathigherprices,thushelpingtoexpandthesupplyofakeysustainablematerial.“Mainstreamisabouttooccur,”saysHahn. Someanalysts（分析师）arelesssure.Amongconsumers,only18%areevenawarethatecofashionexists,upfrom6%fouryearsago.NatalieHormilla,afashionwriter,isanexampleoftheunconvertedconsumer.Whenaskedifsheownedanysustainableclothes,shereplied:“NotthatI’mawareof.”Likemostconsumers,shefindslittletimetoshop,andwhenshedoes,she’sonthehuntfor“cutestuffthatisn’ttooexpensive.”Byherownadmission,greenjustisn’tyetonhermind.But—thankstothecombinedeffortsofdesigners,retailersandsuppliers—onedayitwillbe. 57.WhatissaidaboutFutureFashion? A）Itinspiredmanyleadingdesignerstostartgoinggreen. B）Itshowedthatdesignersusingorganicfabricswouldgofar. C）Itservedasanexampleofhowfashionshowsshouldbeorganized. D）Itconvincedthepublicthatfashionableclothesshouldbemadedurable. 58.AccordingtoScottHahn,onebigchallengetodesignerswhowillgoorganicisthat____. A）muchmoretimeisneededtofinishadressusingsustainablematerials
7 B）theyhavetocreatenewbrandsforclothesmadeoforganicmaterials C）customershavedifficultytellingorganicfromnon-organicmaterials D）qualityorganicreplacementsforsyntheticsarenotreadilyavailable 59.WelearnfromParagraph3thatdesignerswhoundertakegreenfashion____. A）canattendvarioustradeshowsfree B）arereadilyrecognizedbythefashionworld C）canbuyorganiccottonatfavorableprices D）aregainingmoreandmoresupport 60.WhatisNatalieHormilla’sattitudetowardecofashion? A）Shedoesn’tseemtocareaboutit. B）Shedoesn’tthinkitissustainable. C）Sheisdoubtfulofitspracticalvalue. D）Sheisverymuchopposedtotheidea. 61.Whatdoestheauthorthinkofgreenfashion? A）Greenproductswillsoongomainstream. B）Ithasaverypromisingfuture. C）Consumershavethefinalsay. D）Itwillappealmoretoyoungpeople.PassageTwoQuestions62to66arebasedonthefollowingpassage. Scientistshavedevisedawaytodetermineroughlywhereapersonhaslivedusingastrand（缕）ofhair,atechniquethatcouldhelptrackthemovementsofcriminalsuspectsorunidentifiedmurdervictims. Themethodreliesonmeasuringhowchemicalvariationsindrinkingwatershowupinpeople’shair. “You’rewhatyoueatanddrink,andthat’srecordedinyourhair,”saidThureCeiling,ageologistattheUniversityofUtah. WhileU.S.dietisrelativelyidentical,watersuppliesvary.Thedifferencesresultfromweatherpatterns.Thechemicalcompositionofrainfallchangesslightlyasraincloudsmove. Mosthydrogenandoxygenatomsinwaterarestable,buttracesofbothelementsarealsopresentasheavierisotopes（同位素）.Theheaviestrainfallsfirst.Asaresult,stormsthatformoverthePacificdeliverheavierwatertoCaliforniathantoUtah. SimilarpatternsexistthroughouttheU.S.Bymeasuringtheproportionofheavierhydrogenandoxygenisotopesalongastrandofhair,scientistscanconstructageographictimeline.Eachinchofhaircorrespondstoabouttwomonths. Cerling’steamcollectedtapwatersamplesfrom600citiesandconstructedamapoftheregionaldifferences.Theycheckedtheaccuracyorthemapbytesting200hairsamplescollectedfrom65barbershops. Theywereabletoaccuratelyplacethehairsamplesinbroadregionsroughlycorrespondingtothemovementofrainsystems. “It’snotgoodforpinpointing（精确定位），”Cedingsaid.“It’sgoodforeliminatingmanypossibilities.” ToddPark,alocaldetective,saidthemethodhashelpedhimlearnmoreaboutanunidentifiedwomanwhoseskeletonwasfoundnearGreatSaltLake. Thewomanwas5feettall.Policerecovered26bones,aT-shirtandseveralstrandsofhair. WhenParkheardabouttheresearch,hegavethehairsamplestotheresearchers.Chemicaltestingshowedthatoverthetwoyearsbeforeherdeath,shemovedabouteverytwomonths. ShestayedintheNorthwest,althoughthetestcouldnotbemorespecificthansomewherebetweeneasternOregonandwesternWyoming. “It’sstillasubstantialarea,”Parksaid.“Butitnarrowsitwaydownforme.”
8 注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。 62.Whatisthescientists’newdiscovery? A）One’shairgrowthhastodowiththeamountofwatertheydrink. B）Aperson’shairmayrevealwheretheyhavelived. C）Hairanalysisaccuratelyidentifiescriminalsuspects. D）Thechemicalcompositionofhairvariesfrompersontoperson. 63.Whatdoestheauthormeanby“You’rewhatyoueatanddrink”（Line1,Para.3）？ A）Foodanddrinkaffectone’spersonalitydevelopment. B）Foodanddrinkpreferencesvarywithindividuals. C）Foodanddrinkleavetracesinone’sbodytissues. D）Foodanddrinkareindispensabletoone’sexistence. 64.WhatissaidabouttherainfallinAmerica’sWest? A）ThereismuchmorerainfallinCaliforniathaninUtah. B）Thewateritdeliversbecomeslighterwhenitmovesinland. C）Itschemicalcompositionislessstablethaninotherareas. D）Itgathersmorelightisotopesasitmoveseastward. 65.WhatdidCerling’steamproduceintheirresearch? A）Amapshowingtheregionaldifferencesoftapwater. B）Acollectionofhairsamplesfromvariousbarbershops. C）Amethodtomeasuretheamountofwaterinhumanhair. D）Achartillustratingthemovementoftherainsystem. 66.WhatisthepracticalvalueofCerling’sresearch? A）Ithelpsanalyzethequalityofwaterindifferentregions. B）Ithelpsthepolicedeterminewhereacrimeiscommitted. C）Ithelpsthepolicenarrowdownpossibilitiesindetectivework. D）Ithelpsidentifythedrinkinghabitsofthepersonunderinvestigation.PartVCloze（15minutes） KimiyukiSudashouldbeaperfectcustomerforJapan’scar-makers.He’syoung,successfulexecutiveatanInternet-servicescompanyinTokyoandhasplentyofdisposable__67__.HeusedtoownToyota’sHiluxSurf,asportutilityvehicle.Butnowheuses__68__subwaysandtrains.“It’snotinconvenientatall,”hesays.__69__,“havingacarisso20thcentury.” Sudareflectsaworrisome__70__inJapan;theautomobileislosingitsemotionalappeal,__71__amongtheyoung,whoprefertospendtheirmoneyonthelatestelectronicdevices.__72__mini-carsandluxuryforeignbrandsarestillpopular,everythinginbetweenis__73__.Lastyearsalesfell6.7percent,7.6percent__74__youdon’tcountthemini-carmarket.Therehavebeen__75__one-yeardropsinothernations:salesinGermanyfell9percentin2007__76__ataxincrease.ButexpertssayJapanis__77__inthatsaleshavebeendecreasingsteadily__78__time.Since1990,yearlynew-carsaleshavefallenfrom7.8millionto5.4millionunitsin2007. Alarmedbythisstateof__79__,theJapanAutomobileManufacturersAssociation（JAMA）__80__acomprehensivestudyofthemarketin2006.Itfoundthata__81__wealthgap,demographic（人口结构）changesand__82__lackofinterestincarsledJapanesetoholdtheir__83__longer,replacetheircarswithsmallerones__84__giveupcarownershipaltogether.JAMA__85__afurthersalesdeclineof1.2percentthisyear.Someexpertsbelievethatifthe
9trendcontinuesformuchlonger,furtherconsolidation（合并）intheautomotivesectoris__86__. 67.A）profit B）paymentC）income D）budget 68.A）mostlyB）partiallyC）occasionally D）rarely 69.A）ThereforeB）BesidesC）OtherwiseD）Consequently70.A）driftB）tideC）current D）trend 71.A）remarkablyB）essentiallyC）speciallyD）particularly 72.A）WhileB）BecauseC）WhenD）Since 73.A）surgingB）stretchingC）slippingD）shaking 74.A）unlessB）ifC）as D）after 75.A）lowerB）slighterC）broader D）larger76.A）liabletoB）intermsofC）thankstoD）inviewof77.A）uniqueB）similarC）mysteriousD）strange 78.A）overB）againstC）on D）behind 79.A）messB）boomC）growth D）decay 80.A）proceededB）relievedC）launched D）revised 81.A）quickeningB）wideningC）strengtheningD）lengthening 82.A）averageB）massiveC）abundant D）general 83.A）labelsB）cyclesC）vehicles D）devices84.A）orB）untilC）but D）then 85.A）concludesB）predictsC）reckons D）prescribes 86.A）distantB）likelyC）temporaryD）immediatePartVITranslation（5minutes） Directions:CompletethesentencesbytranslatingintoEnglishtheChinesegiveninbrackets.PleasewriteyoutranslationonAnswerSheet2. 注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答，只需写出译文部分。 87.Soonafterhetransferredtothenewschool,Alifoundthathehad____________（很难跟上班里的同学）inmathandEnglish. 88.Ifshehadreturnedanhourearlier,Mary____________（就不会被大雨淋着了）. 89.Itissaidthatthosewhoarestressedorworkingovertimeare____________（更有可能增加体重）. 90.____________（很多人没有意识到的）isthatSimonisaloverofsports,andfootballinparticular. 91.Thestudyshowsthatthepoorfunctioningofthehumanbodyis____________（与缺乏锻炼密切相关）.答案：快速阅读：1.A)Hejustwouldn'tlookherintheeye.2.C)culturalignorance3.B)Increasingunderstandingofpeopleofothercultures.4.B)Apersonneltrainingcompany.5.D)Hemustgetridofhisgenderbias.6.C)Ithelpedhimmakefairdecisions.7.A)Hetoldhimtogetthedatesright.8.veryembarrassed9.inclusiveness10.differencesandsimilarities听力：11.D)Shehasalwaysenjoyedgreatpopularity.12.C)Theyaregoingtohaveaholiday.13.B)Hewasverycourageous.14.B)Buyanewwashingmachine.15.D)Heisnotsoexcitedabouthisnewposition.16.D)Themanofferstodrivethewomantotheparty.
1017.C)Finalizingacontract.18.A)Sheorderedsomepaper.19.B)Hecannolongerworkatsea.20.A)Shepassedawayyearsago.21.C)Shehasnevergotonwithherfather.22.B)Heisexcellentbutlooksbad-tempered.23.C)Someofthepacksdonotcontainanymanuals.24.D)Solvetheproblemathercompany'scost.25.A)Ideal.26.A)Itisentertaining.27.B)Theymaycatchsomedisease.28.D)Continuethefeedingtillitgetswarm.29.C)Hewillliewheneverhewants.30.A)Shemadehimapologize.31.D)Movefurnitureforher.32.A)Theatmospheretheyliveinisratherunreal.33.C)Hehastoomuchtoknowthevalueofthings.34.D)Shehasnotimetodoitherself.35.B)Theworshipofmoney,beautyandpleasure.36.concentrated37.information38.depends39.straight40.row41.suspected42.phenomenon43.efficiently44.Oursecondruleisthis:itisbettertostudyverybrieflybyoften.45.Let'ssayyou'retryingtolearnnewbutratherdifficultEnglishvocabulariesusingastackofcards.46.Theansweris:itisbettertospreadoutthepresentationofthewordsyouarelearning.选词填空：47.M)require48.I)painful49.F)especially50.E)enormous51.H)mission52.D)enhance53.B)daily54.J)performance55.C)emotional56.A)closer常规阅读：57.A)Itinspiredmanyleadingdesignerstostartgoinggreen.58.D)qualityorganicreplacementsforsyntheticsarenotreadilyavailable59.D)aregainingmoreandmoresupport60.A)Shedoesn'tseemtocareaboutit.61.B)Ithasaverypromisingfuture.62.B)Aperson'shairmayrevealwheretheyhavelived.63.C)Foodanddrinkleavetracesinone'sbodytissues.64.B)Thewateritdeliversbecomeslighterwhenitmovesinland.65.A)Amapshowingtheregionaldifferencesoftapwater.66.C)Ithelpsthepolicenarrowdownpossibilitiesindetectivework.完形填空67.C)income68.A)mostly69.B)Besides70.D)trend71.D)particularly72.A)While73.C)slipping74.B)if75.D)larger76.C)thanksto77.A)unique78.A)over79.D)decay80.C)launch81.B)widening82.D)general83.B)vehicles84.A)or85.B)predicts86.B)likely汉译英87.difficulty(in)catchingupwithhisfellowclassmates88.wouldnothavebeencaughtintheheavyrain89.morelikelytogain/putonweight90.Whatisnotrealizedbymanypeople/Whatmanypeopledonotrealize91.closelyrelatedtothelackofexercise
112008年12月大学英语四级(CET-4)真题试卷PartIWriting作文题目：LimitingTheUseofDisposablePlasticBags1.一次性塑料袋曾被广泛的使用2.造成的问题3.限制使用的意义PartIIReadingcomprehension(SkimmingandScanning)(15minutes)Directions:Inthispart,youwillhave15minutestogooverthepassagequicklyandanswerthequestionsonAnswerSheet1.Forquestion1-7,choosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).Forquestions8-10,completethesentenceswiththeinformationgiveninthepassage.That'senough,kids ItwasalovelydayattheparkandStellaBianchiwasenjoyingthesunshinewithhertwochildrenwhenayoungboy,agedaboutfour,approachedhertwo-year-oldsonandpushedhimtotheground."I'dwatchedhimforalittlewhileandmysonwasthefourthorfifthchildhe'dshoved."shesays,"Iwentovertothem,pickedupmyson,turnedtotheboyandsaid,firmly,'No,wedon'tpush.'"Whathappenednextwasunexpected."Theboy'smotherrantowardmefromacrossthepark."Stellasays."Ithoughtshewascomingovertoapologise,butinsteadshestartedshoutingatmefor'discipliningherchild'.AllIdidwaslethimknowhisbehaviourwasunacceptable.WasIsupposedtositbackwhileherkiddidwhateverhewanted,hurtingotherchildrenintheprocess?"Gettingyourownchildrentoplayniceisdifficultenough.Dealingwithotherpeople'schildrenhasbecomeaminefieldInmyhouse,jumpingonthesofaisnotallowed.Inmysister'shouseit'sencouraged.Forher,it'saboutkidsbeingkids:"Ifyoucan'tdoitatthree,whencanyoudoit?"Eachofthesephilosophiesisvalidand,ithastobesaid,mysonlovesvisitinghisaunt'shouse.ButIfindmyselfsaying"no"alotwhenherkidsareoveratmine.That'sOKbetweensistersbutbecomesdangerousterritorywhenyou'retalkingtothechildrenoffriendsoracquaintances."Kidsaren'tallraisedthesame."agreesProfessorNaomiWhiteofMonashUniversity."Butthere'sstillanideathatthey'rethepropertyoftheparents.Weseeourchildrenasanextensionofourselves,soifyou'resayingthatmychildisbehavinginappropriately,thenthat'ssomehowacriticismofme."Inthosecircumstances,it'sdifficulttoknowwhethertoapproachthechilddirectlyortheparentfirst.Therearetwoschoolsofthought."I'dgotothefirst."saysAndrewFuller,authorofTrickyKids,"Usuallyaquietreminderthat'wedon'tdothathere'isenough.Kidshavefinelytunedantennae(直觉）forhowtobehaveindifferentsettings."Hepointsoutthatbringingitupwiththeparentfirstmaymakethemfeelneglectful,whichcould
12causeproblems.Ofcourse,approachingthechildfirstcanbringitsownheadaches,too.ThisiswhyWhiterecommendsthatyouapproachtheparentsfirst."Raiseyourconcernswiththeparentsifthey'rethereandaskthemtodealwithit."shesays.****howtoapproachaparentinthissituation.PsychologistMeredithFulleranswers:"Explainyourneedsaswellasstressingtheimportanceofthefriendship.Prefaceyourremarkswithsomethinglike:'Iknowyou'llthinkI'msillybutinmyhouseIdon'twant...'"Whenitcomestosituationswhereyou'reearingforanotherchild.Whiteisstraightforward:"Commonsensemuseprevail.Ifthingsdon'tgowellthenhaveachat."There'reacoupleofnewgreyareas.Physicalpunishment,onceacceptedfromanyadult,isnolongerappropriate."Nowyoucan'tdoitwithoutfeelinguneasyaboutit."Whitesays.Menmightalsofeeluneasyaboutdealingwithotherpeople'schildren."Menfeelnervous,"Whitesays."Anewsetofconsiderationshascometotheforeaspartofthedebateabouthowwehandlechildren."ForAndrewFuller,thechild-centridnatureofoursocietyhasaffectedeveryone."Therulesaredifferentnowfromwhentoday'sparentsweregrowingup,"hesays."Adultsarescaredofsaying,'Don'tswear',oraskingachildtostanduponabus.They'reworriedthattherewillbeconflictiftheypointthesethingsout-eitherfromolderchildren,ortheirparents."Heseesitasalossofthesenseofcommonpublicgoodandpubliccourtesy(礼貌),andsaysthatadultssufferfromitasmuchaschildren.MeredithFulleragrees,"Acodeofconductishardtocreatewhenyou'relivinginaworldinwhicheveryoneisexhaustedfromoverworkandlackofsleep,andaworldinwhichnicepeopleareperceivedtofinishlast.""It'saboutwhatI'mdoinganwhatIneed,"AndrewFullersays."Thedayswhenakidcamehomefromschoolandsaid,'Igotintotrouble',anddadsaid,'Youprobablydeservedit',areover.Nowtheparentsarecharginguptotheschooltohaveagoatteachers."Thisjumpingtoourchildren'sdefenceispartofwhatfuelsthe"walkingoneggshells"feelingthatsurroundsourdealingswithotherpeople'schildren.Youknowthatifyouremonstrate（劝诫）withthechild,you'regoingtohavetodealwiththeparents.It'sadmirabletobeprotectiveofourkids,butisitgood?"Childrenhavetolearntonegotiatetheworldontheirown,withinreasonableboundaries,"Whitesays."Isuspectthatit'sonlycertainsectorsofthepopulationdoingtherunningtotheschool-better0educatedparentsareprobablymorelikelytobetooinvolved."Whitebelievesournotionsofamorechild-centredsocietyshouldbechallenged."Todaywehaveasituationwhere,inmanyfamilies,bothparentswork,sotheamountoftimechildrengetfromparentshasdiminished,"shesays."Also,sometimeswhenwetalkaboutbeingchild-centred,it'sawayoftalkingabouttreatingourchildrenlikecommodities(商品).We'recentredonthembutinwaysthatreflectpositivelyonus.Wetreatthemasobjectswhoseappearanceandachievementsaresomethingwecanbeproudor,ratherthanservethebestinterestsofthechildren."Onewayover-worked,under-resourcedparentsshowcommitmenttotheirchildrenistoleaptotheirdefence.Backatthepark,Bianchi'sintervention(干预）onherson;sbehalfendedinanundignifiedexchangeofinsultingwordswiththeotherboy'smother.AsBianchiapproachedtheparkbenchwhereshe'dbeensitting,othermumscameuptoherandcongratulatedherontakingastand."Apparentlytheboyhadalongstandingreputationforhad
13behaviourandhismumforevenworsebehaviourifhewaschallenged."AndrewFullerdoesn'tbelievethatweshouldbeafraidofdealingwithotherpeople'skids."Lookatkidsthataren'tyourownasapotentialminefield."hesays.Herecommendsthatwedon'tstaysilentoverinappropriatebehaviour,particularlywithregularvisitors.1.WhatdidStellaBianchiexpecttheyoungboy'smothertodowhenshetalkedtohim? A)Makeanapology. C)Disciplineherownboy. B)Comeovertointervene. D)Takeherownboyaway.2.Whatdoestheauthorsayaboutdealingwithotherpeople'schildren? A)It'simportantnottohurttheminanyway. B)It'snousetryingtostoptheirwrongdoing. C)It'sadvisabletotreatthemasone'sownkids. D)It'spossibleforonetogetintolotsoftrouble.3.AccordingtoProfessorNaomiWhiteofMonashUniversity,whenone'skidsarecriticised,theirparentswillprobablyfeel___________. A)discouraged C)puzzled B)hurt D)overwhelmed4.Whatshouldonedowhenseeingotherpeople'skidsmisbehaveaccordingtoAndrewFuller? A)Talktothemdirectlyinamildway. C)Simplyleavethemalone. B)Complaintotheirparentspolitely. D)Punishthemlightly.5.Duetothechild-centricnatureofoursociety,___________. A)parentsareworriedwhentheirkidsswearatthem B)peoplethinkitimpropertocriticisekidsinpublic C)peoplearereluctanttopointoutkid'swrongdoings D)manyconflictsarisebetweenparentsandtheirkids6.Inawordwhereeveryoneisexhaustedfromoverworkandlackofsleep,_________. A)it'seasyforpeopletobecomeimpatient B)it'sdifficulttocreateacodeofconduct C)it'simportanttobefriendlytoeverybody D)it'shardforpeopletoadmireeachother7.Howdidpeopleusetorespondwhentheirkidsgotintotroubleatschool? A)They'dquestiontheteachers. C)They'dtellthekidstocalmdown. B)They'dchargeuptotheschool. D)They'dputtheblameontheirkids.8.ProfessorWhitebelievesthatthenotionsofamorechild-centredsocietyshouldbe__________.9.AccordingtoProfessorWhite,today'sparentstreattheirchildrenassomethingthey_________.10. AndrewFullersuggeststhat,whenkidsbehaveinappropriately,peopleshouldnot________.PartIII ListeningComprehensionDirection:Inthissection,youwillhear8shortconversationsand2longconversation.Attheendofeachconversation,oneormorequestionswillbeaskedaboutwhatwas...Boththeconversationandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Aftereachquestiontherewillbeapause.Duringthepause,youmustreadthefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD),anddecidewhichisthebestanswer.ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.11.A)Onlytruefriendshipcanlastlong. B)Letterwritingisgoingoutofstyle. C)Shekeepsinregulartouchwithherclassmates.
14 D)Shehaslostcontactwithmostofheroldfriends.12.A)Apainter. C)Aporter. B)Amechanic. D)Acarpenter.13.A)Lookforaplacenearheroffice. C)Makeinquirieselsewhere. B)Findanewjobdownthestreet. D)Rentthe$600apartment.14.A)Hepreferstowearjeanswithalargerwaist. B)Hehasbeenextremelybusyrecently. C)Hehasgainedsomeweightlately. D)HeenjoyedgoingshoppingwithJaneyesterday.15.A)Thewomanpossessesanaturaltalentforart. B)Womenhaveabetterartistictastethanmen. C)Heisn'tgoodatabstractthinking. D)Hedoesn'tlikeabstractpaintings.16.A)Shecouldn'thavelefthernotebookinthelibrary. B)Shemayhaveputhernotebookamidthejournals. C)Sheshouldhavemadecarefulnoteswhiledoingreading. D)Sheshouldn'thavereadhisnoteswithouthisknowingit.17.A)Shewantstogetsomesleep. C)Shehasaliteratureclasstoattend. B)Sheneedstimetowriteapaper. D)Sheistroubledbyhersleepproblem.18.A)Heisconfidenthewillgetthejob. B)Hischanceofgettingthejobisslim. C)Itisn'teasytofindaqualifiedsalesmanager. D)Theinterviewdidn'tgoaswellasheexpected.Questions19to21arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.19.A)Hecanmanagehistimemoreflexibly. B)Hecanrenewcontactwithhisoldfriends. C)Hecanconcentrateonhisownprojects. D)Hecanlearntodoadministrativework.20.A)Readingitsadsinthenewspapers. B)Callingitspersonneldepartment. C)Contactingitsmanager. D)Searchingitswebsite.21.A)Tocutdownitsproductionexpenses. B)Tosolvetheproblemofstaffshortage. C)Toimproveitsadministrativeefficiency. D)Toutilizeitsretiredemployees'resources.Questions22to25arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.22.A)Buyatractor. B)Fixahouse.C)Seeapieceofproperty. D)Signabusinesscontract.23.A)Itisonlyfortymilesfromwheretheylive. B)Itisasmallonewithatwo-bedroomhouse. C)Itwasboughtatapricelowerthanexpected. D)Ithasalargegardenwithfreshvegetables.24.A)Growingpotatoeswillinvolvelesslabor. B)Itssoilmaynotbeverysuitableforcorn. C)Itmaynotbebigenoughforraisingcorn. D)Raisingpotatoeswillbemoreprofitable.25.A)Finances. B)Labor. C)Equipment. D)Profits.SectionBDirections:Inthissection,you'llhear3shortpassages.Attheendofeachpassages,youwillhearsomequestions.Boththepassageandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaquestion,youmustchoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.PassageOne
15Questions26to29arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.26.A)Tointroducethechiefofthecity'spoliceforce. B)Tocommentonatalkbyadistinguishedguest. C)Toaddresstheissueofcommunitysecurity. D)Toexplainthefunctionsofthecitycouncil.27.A)Hehasdistinguishedhimselfincitymanagement. B)HeisheadoftheInternationalPoliceForce. C)Hecompletedhishighereducationabroad. D)Heholdsamaster'sdegreeincriminology.28.A)Tocoordinateworkamongpolicedepartments. B)Togetpoliceofficersclosertothelocalpeople. C)Tohelptheresidentsintimesofemergency. D)Toenablethepolicetotakepromptaction.29.A)Popular. B)Discouraging. C)Effective. D)Controversial.PassageTwoQuestions30to32arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.30.A)Peoplediffergreatlyintheirabilitytocommunicate. B)Therearenumerouslanguagesinexistence. C)Mostpubliclanguagesareinherentlyvague. D)Biggapsexistbetweenprivateandpubliclanguages.31.A)Itisasignofhumanintelligence. B)Itimproveswithconstantpractice. C)Itissomethingwearebornwith. D)Itvariesfrompersontoperson.32.A)Howprivatelanguagesaredeveloped. B)Howdifferentlanguagesarerelated. C)Howpeoplecreatetheirlanguages. D)Howchildrenlearntouselanguage.PassageThreeQuestions33to35arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.33.A)Shewasatailor B)Shewasanengineer. C)Shewasaneducator.D)Shewasapublicspeaker.34.A)Basingthemonscience-fictionmovies. B)Includinginterestingexamplesinthem. C)Adjustingthemtodifferentaudiences. D)Focusingonthelatestprogressinspacescience.35.A)Whetherspacemencarryweapons. B)Howspacesuitsprotectspacemen. C)HowNASAtrainsitsspacemen. D)Whatspacemeneatanddrink.SectionCDirections:Inthissection,vouwillhearapassagethreetimes.Whenthepassageisreadforthefirsttime,youshouldlistencarefullyforitsgeneralidea.Whenthepassageisreadforthesecondtime,youarerequiredtofillintheblanksnumberedfrom36to43withtheexactwordsyouhavejustheard.Forblanksnumberedfrom44to46youarereqiredtofillinthemissinginformation.Fortheseblanks,youcaneitherusetheexactwordsyouhavejustheardorwritedownthemainpointsinyourownwords.Finally,whenthepassageisreadforthethirdtime,youshouldcheckwhatyouhavewritten. Crimeisincreasingworldwide.Thereiseveryreasontobelievethe(36)_______will
16continuethroughthenextfewdecades. Crimerateshavealwaysbeenhighinmulticultural,industrializedsocietiessuchastheUnitedStates,butanew(37)__________hasappearedontheworld(38)_________---rapidlyrisingcrimeratesinnationsthatpreviouslyreportedfew(39)_________.Streetcrimessuchasrobbery,rape,(40)___________,andautotheftareclearlyrising,(41)____________ineastemEuropeancountriessuchasHungaryandinwesternEuropeannationssuchastheUnitedkingdom. Whatisdirvingthiscrime(42)_________?Thesearenosimpleanswers.Still,therearecertainconditions(43)____________withrisingcrime;increasingheterogeneity(混杂)ofpopulations,greaterculturalpluralism,higherimmigration,democratizationofgovernments,(44)_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________. Theseconditionsareincreasinglyobservablearoundtheworld.Forinstance,culturesthatwerepreviouslyisolatedandhomogeneous(同种类的),suchasJapan,Denmark,andGreece,(45)____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________.Multiculturalismcanbearewarding,enrichingexperience,butitcanalsoleadtoaclashofvalues.Heterogeneityinsocietieswillbetheruleinthetwenty-firstcentury,and(46)________________PartIVReadingComprehension(ReadinginDepth) (25minutes)SectionAQuestions47to56arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Abooklesslifeisanincompletelife.Booksinfluencethedepthandbreadthoflife.Theymeetthenatural47______forfreedom,forexpression,forcreativityandbeautyoflife.Learners,therefore,musthavebooks,andtherighttypeofbook,forthesatisfactionoftheirneed.Readersturn48______tobooksbecausetheircuriosityconcerningallmannersofthings,theireagernesstoshareintheexperiencesofothersandtheirneedto49______fromtheirownlimitedenvironmentleadthemtofindinbooksfoodforthethemindandspirit.Throughtheirreadingtheyfindadeepersignificancetolifeasbooksacquaintthemwithlifeintheworldasitwasanditisnow.Theyarepresentedwitha50______ofhumanexperiencesandcometo51______otherwaysofthoughtandliving.Andwhile52______theirownrelationshipsandresponsestoreadersoftenfindthatthe 53______intheirstoriesaregoingthroughsimilaradjustments,whichhelptoclarifyandgivesignificancetotheirown.Booksprovide54______materialforreaders'imaginationtogrow.Imaginationisavaluablequalityandamotivatingpower,andstimulatesachievement.Whileenrichingtheirimagination,books55______theiroutlook,developafact-findingattitudeandtrainthemtouseleisure56______.Thesocialandeducationalsignificanceofthereaders'bookscannotbeoverestimatedinanacademiclibrary.SectionBPassageoneQuestion57to61arebasedonthefollowingpassage. Ifyou’reamaleandyou’rereadingthis,congratulations:you’reasurvivor.Accordingto
17statistics,you’remorethantwiceaslikelytodieofskincancerthanawoman,andninetimesmorelikelytodieofAIDS.Assumingyoumakeittotheendofyournaturalterm,about78yearsformeninAustralia,you’lldieonaveragefiveyearsbeforeawoman. There’remanyreasonsforthis---typically,mentakemorerisksthanwomenandaremorelikelytodrinkandsmoke—butperhapsmoreimportantly,mendon’tgotothedoctor. “menaren’tseeingdoctorsasoftenastheyshould,”saysDr.Gullotta.“thisisparticularlysofortheover-40s,whendiseasestendtostrike.” Gullottasayahealthymanshouldvisitthedoctoreveryyearortwo.Forthoseover45,itshouldbeatleastonceayear. TwomonthsagoGullottasawa50-year-oldmanwhohaddelayeddoinganythingabouthissmoker’scoughforayear. “whenIfinallysawhimithadalreadyspreadandhehassincediedfromlungcancer,”hesays.“Earlierdetectionandtreatmentmaynothavecuredhim butitwouldhaveprolongedhislife.” Accordingtoarecentsurvey,95%ofwomenagedbetween15andearly40sseeadoctoronceayear,comparedto70%ofmeninthesameagegroup. “Alotofmenthinkthey’reinvincible(不可战胜的),”Gullattasays.“theyonlycomeinwhenafrienddropsdeadonthegolfcourseandtheythink,’Geez,ifitcouldhappentohim,……’” Thenthere’stheostrichapproach.”Somemenarescaredofwhatmightbethereandwouldrathernotknow,”saysDr.RossCartmill. “mostmengettheircarsservicedmoreregularlythantheyservicetheirbodies,”Garmillsays.Hebelievesmostdiseasesthatcommonlyaffectmencouldbeaddressedbypreventivecheck-ups.Regularcheck-usformenwouldinevitablylacestrainonthepublicpurse,Cartmillsays.“butpreventionischeaperinthelongrunthanhavingtotreatthedisease.Besides,theultimatecostisfargreater:it’scalledprematuredeath.”57．Whydoestheauthorcongratulatehismalereadersatthebeginningofthepassage? A)Theyaremorelikelytosurviveseriousdiseasestoday B）Theiraveragelifespanhasbeenconsiderablyextended C)Theyhavelivedlongenoughtoreadthisarticle D)Theyaresuretoenjoyalongerandhappierlife58.Whatdoestheauthorstateisthemostimportantreasonmendiefiveyearsearlieronaveragethanwomen? A)mendrinkandsmokemuchmorethanwomen B)mendon’tseekmedicalcareasoftenaswomen C)menaren’tascautiousaswomeninfaceofdanger D)menaremorelikelytosufferfromfataldisease59.Whichofthefollowingbestcompletesthesentence“Geez,ifitcouldhappentohim,...”(line2,para.8) A)itcouldhappentome,too B）Ishouldavoidplayinggolf C)Ishouldconsidermyselflucky D)itwouldbeabigmisfortune60.whatdoesDr.RossCartmillmeanby“theostrichapproach“(Line1,Para9) A)Acauseattitudetowardsone’shealthconditions
18 B)Anewtherapyforcertainpsychologicalproblems C)Refusaltogetmedicaltreatmentforfearofthepaininvolved D)Unwillingnesstofindoutaboutone’sdiseasebecauseoffear61.WhatdoesCartmillsayaboutregularcheck-upsformen? A)Theymayincreasepublicexpense B)Theywillsavemoneyinthelongrun C)Theymaycausepsychologicalstrainsonmen D)TheywillenablementoliveaslongaswomenPassagetwoQuestion62to66arebasedonthefollowingpassage. High-qualitycustomerserviceispreachedbymany,butactuallykeepingcustomershappyiseasiersaidthandone. Shoppersseldomcomplaintothemanagerorownerofaretailstore,butinsteadwillalerttheirfriends,relatives,co-workers,strangersandanyonewhowilllisten. Storemanagersareoftenthelasttohearcomplaints,andoftenfindoutonlywhentheirregularcustomersdecidetofrequenttheircompetitors,accordingtostudyjointlyconductedbyVerdeGroupandWhartonSchool. “storytellinghurtsretailersandentertainsconsumers”saidPaulaCourtney,PresidentoftheVerdeGroup.“Thestorelosersthecustomer,buttheshoppermustalsofindareplacement” Onaverage,everyunhappycustomerwillcomplaintoatleastfourothers,andwillnolongervisitthespecificstore.Foreverydissatisfiedcustomer,astorewillloseuptothreemoreduetonegativereviews.Theresulting“snowballeffect”canbedisastroustoretailers. Accordingtotheresearch,shopperwhopurchasedclothingencounteredthemostproblemRankedsecondandthirdweregroceryandelectronicscustomers. Themostcommoncomplaintsincludefilledparkinglots,clutteredshelvesoverloadedracks,out-of-stockitems,longcheck-outlines,andrudesalespeople. Duringpeakshoppinghours,someretailerssolvedtheparkingproblemsbygettingmoonlighting(业余兼职的)localpolicetoworkasparkingattendants.Somehiredflagwaverstodirectcustomerstoemptyparkingspaces.Thisguidanceeliminatedtheneedforcustomerstocircletheparkinglotendlessly,andavoidedconfrontationbetweenthoseeyeingthesameparkingspace. Retailerscanrelievetheheadachesbyredesigningstorelayouts, pre-stockingsalesitems, hiringspeedyandexperiencedcashiers,andhavingsalesrepresentativesonhandtoanswerquestion. Mostimportantly,salespeopleshouldbediplomaticandpolitewithangrycustomers. “Retailerswho’erresponsiveandfriendlyaremorelikelytosmoothoverissuesthanthosewhoaren’tsofriendly,“saidprofessorStephenHoch.”Maybesomethingassimpleasagreeteratthestoreentrancewouldhelp.“Customerscanalsoimprovefutureshoppingexperiencesbyfilingcomplaintstotheretailer,insteadofcomplainingtotherestoftheworld.Retailersarehard-pressedtoimprovewhentheyhacenoideawhatiswrong.62.Whyarestoremanagersoftenthelasttohearcomplaints? A)Mostcustomerswon’tbothertocomplaineveniftheyhavehadunhappyexperiences.
19 B)Customerswouldratherrelatetheirunhappyexperiencestopeoplearoundthem. C)Fewcustomersbelievetheservicewillbeimproved D)customershavenoeasyaccesstostoremanagers63.whatdoesPaulaCourtneyimplybysaying”...theshoppermustalsofindareplacement”(Line2,Pra.4) A)Newcustomersareboundtoreplaceoldones B)Itisnotlikelytheshoppercanfindthesameproductsonoterstores. C)Moststoresprovidethesamekindofservice D)Notcomplainingtothemanagercausetheshoppersometroubletoo.64.Shopownersoftenhiremoonlightingpoliceasparkingattendantssothatshopper___. A)canstaylongerbrowsinginthestore B)won’thavetroubleparkingtheircars C)won’thaveanyworriesaboutsecurity D)canfindtheircarseasilyaftershopping65.Whatcontributesmosttosmoothingoverissueswithcustomers? A)Mannersofthesalespeople B)Hiringofefficientemployees C)Hugesupplyofgoodsforsale D)Designofstorelayout66.Toachievebettershoppingexperiences,customersareadvisedto___ A)exertpressureonstoretoimprovetheirservice B)settletheirdisputeswithstoresinadiplomaticway C)voicetheirdissatisfactiontostoremanagersdirectly D)shoparoundandmakecomparisonsbetweenstoresPartV Cloze (15minutes) PlayingorganizedsportsissuchacommonexperienceintheUnitedStatesthatmanychildrenandteenagerstakethemforgranted.Thisisespeciallytrue_67___childrenfromfamiliesandcommunitiesthathavetheresourcesneededtoorganizeand_68_sportsprogramsandmakesurethatthereiseasy__69__to participationopportunities.Childreninlow-incomefamiliesandpoorcommunitiesare__70__likelytotakeorganizedyouthsportsforgrantedbecausetheyoften__71__theresourcesneededtopayforparticipation__72__equipment,andtransportationtopracticesandgames__73__theircommunitiesdonothaveresourcestobuildand__74__sportsfieldsandfacilities. Organizedyouthsports__75__appearedduringtheearly20thcenturyintheUnitedStatesandotherwealthynations.Theywereoriginallydeveloped__76__someeducatoranddevelopmentalexperts__77__thatthebehaviorandcharacterofchildrenwere__78__influencedbytheirsocialsurroundingsandeverydayexperiences.This__79__manypeopletobelievethatifyoucouldorganizetheexperiencesofchildrenin__80__ways,youcouldinfluencethekindsofadultsthatthosechildrenwouldbecome. Thisbeliefthatthesocial__81__inluencedaperson’soveralldevelopmentwasvery__82__topeopleinterestedinprogressandreformintheUnitedStates__83__thebeginningofthe20thcentury.Itcausedthemtothinkabout__84__theymightcontroltheexperiencesof
20childrento__85__responsibleandproductiveadults.Theybelievedstronglythatdemocracydependedonresponsibilityandthata__86__capitalisteconomydependedontheproductivityofworks.67.A) among B) within C) on D)towards68.A) spread B) speed C) spur D)sponsor69.A) access B) entrance C)chance D)route70.A) little B) less C) more D)much71.A) shrink B) tighten C)limit D)lack72.A) bill B) accounts C) fees D)fare73.A) so B) as C) and D)but74.A) maintain B) contain C) sustain D)entertain75.A) last B) first C) later D)finally76.A) before B) while C) until D)when77.A) realized B) recalled C) expected D)exhibited78.A) specifically B) excessively C) strongly D)exactly79.A) moved B) conducted C) put D)led80.A) precise B) precious C) particular D)peculiar81.A) engagement B) environment C) state D)status82.A) encouraging B) disappointing C)upsetting D)surprising83.A) for B) with C) over D)at84.A) what B) how C) whatever D)however85.A) multiply B) manufacture C)produce D)provide86.A) growing B) breeding C)raising D)flyingPartVI Translatiion(5minutes)注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答，只需写出译文部分。87.Medicalresearchersarepainfullyawarethattherearemanyproblems______________(他们至今还没有答案)88._________(大多数父母所关心的)isprovidingthebesteducationpossiblefortheirchildren.89.You’dbettertakeasweaterwithyou________(以防天气变冷)。90.Throughtheproject,manypeoplehavereceivedtrainingand________(决定自己创业)。91.Theanti-virusagentwasnotknown____________(直到一名医生偶然发现了它)。
212008年12月大学英语四级(CET-4)真题答案写作LimitingTheUseofDisposablePlasticBags1.一次性塑料袋曾被广泛的使用2.造成的问题3.限制使用的意义DisposableplasticbagswereoncewidelyusedinChina.Whenwewentshoppingatsupermarketsanddepartmentsstores,shoppingassistantsoftenprovidedfreeplasticbagsforourconvenience.Forawhile,lifewithoutthemseemedunimaginableformostofus.However,disposableplasticbagsdobringseveredamagetoourenvironment.Costumersusuallythrewthemawayafteruse,andbecausetheyarethinandhardtodecompose,theseplasticproductswillexistforalongtime.Thisisanimmediatethreattoourearthandwater.Nowadays,thegovernmenthaspassedrelevantregulationsforlimitingtheuseofdisposableplasticbags:theyarenotfreeanymore.Insomeshoppingplaces,inordertoinvokethepublicawarenessofenvironmentalprotection,plasticbagsareofferedinamuchhigherprice.Asaresult,peoplearechangingtheirbehavior:paperandclothingbagsthatvanishedforalongtimecomebacktoourdailylife.Itistruethatbylimitingitsusage,everyoneinthissocietycontributessomeefforttotheimprovementoftheenvironment.快速阅读1.A makeanapology.对应原文第7行Ithoughtshewascomingovertoapologise2.D It’spossibleforonetogetintolotsoftrouble对应原文第10行Dealingwithotherpeople’schildrenhasbecomeaminefield,其中minefield指的是雷区，表明比较难于处理的问题3.B hurt对应原文第一页倒数第10行thenthat’ssomehowacriticismofme4.A Talktothemdirectlyinamildway.对应原文第一页倒数第6行usuallyaquietreminderthat“wedon’tdothathere”isenough.5.C peoplearereluctanttopointoutkid’swrongdoings.此题难度较大，需要阅读中跳跃的范围较大，要直接跳到原文第二页的第10行ForAndrewFuller,thechild-centricnatureofoursocietyhasaffectedeveryone,“Therulesaredifferentnowfromwhentoday’sparentsweregrowingup.6.B It’sdifficulttocreateacodeofconduct.对应原文第二页第16行7.D They’dputtheblameontheirkids对应原文第二页20行“Igotintotrouble”,anddadsaid,“Youprobablydeservedit.”8.challenged9.canbeproudof10.staysilent复合式听写Crimeisincreasingworldwide.Thereiseveryreasontobelievethetrendwillcontinuethroughthenextfewdecades.CrimerateshavealwaysbeenhighinmulticulturalindustrializedsocietiessuchastheUnitedStates.Butanewphenomenonhasappearedontheworldscene,rapidlyrising
22crimeratesinnationsthatpreviouslyreportedfewoffenses.Streetcrimessuchasrobbery,rape,murderandautotheftareclearlyrising,particularlyineasternEuropeancountriessuchasHungaryandinwesternEuropeannationssuchastheUnitedKingdom.Whatisdrivingthiscrimeexplosion?Therearenosimpleanswers.Still,there’recertainconditionsassociatedwithrisingcrime.Increasingheterogeneityofpopulations,greaterculturalpluralism,higherimmigration,democratizationofgovernments,changingnationalborders,greatereconomicgrowth,andthelackofacceptedsocialideasofrightandwrong.Theseconditionsareincreasingobservablearoundtheworld.Forinstance,culturesthatwerepreviouslyisolatedandhomogeneoussuchasJapan,Denmark,andGreecearenowfacingthesortofculturalvarietythathasbeencommoninAmericaformostofitshistory.Multiculturalismcanbearewarding,enrichingexperience,butitcanalsoleadtoaclashofvalues.Heterogeneityinsocietieswillbetheruleinthe21stcentury,andfailuretorecognizeandplanforsuchdiversitycanleadtoseriouscrimeproblems. 11.D. Shehaslostcontactwithmostofherfriends12.A. Apainter13.C. Makeinquirieselsewhere14.C. Hehasgainedsomeweightlately15.D hedoesn'tlikeabstractpaintings16.B shemayhaveputhernotebookamidthejournals17.A shewantstogetsomesleep18.B hischanceofgettingthejobisslim19.A. hecanmanagehistimemoreflexibly20.D. searchingthewebsite21D. toutilizeitsretiredemployees'resources22.C. Seeapieceofproperty23.B Itisasmallonewithatwo-bedroomhouse24.C. itmaynotbebigenoughforraisingcorn25.A. Finance26.A. tointroducethechiefofthecity'spoliceforce27.D heholdsamaster'sdegreeincriminology28.B. togetpoliceofficersclosertothelocalpeople29.C. effective30.B. therearenumerouslanguagesinexistence31.C itissomethingwearebornwith32.D howchildrenlearntouselanguage33.B shewasanengineer34.C. adjustingthemtodifferentaudience35.A whetherspacemencarryweapons36.trend37.phenomenon38scene39offences40murder41particularly42explosion43Associated44.changingnationalboarders,greatereconomicgrowthandthelackofacceptedsocialideasofrightandwrong45.arenowfacingthesortofculturalvarietythathasbeenaccompaniedAmericansformostofitshistory.46.failuretorecognizeandplanfordiversitycanleadtoseriouscrimeproblems.选词填空答案：47.F)derive48.K)naturally49.H)escape50.G)diversity51.N)respect52.I)establishing53.B)characters54.A)abundant55.O)widen56.C)communicating阅读：P1男人面对的身体危机更多57.C他们获得足够长以读到这篇文章58.B男人没有像女人那样经常去寻求医疗救治59.A这时也会发生在我身上60.D因为害怕而不愿意知道自己的病情61.B可以省钱
23P2商家与各科的矛盾关系62.A当他们有不愉快经历时，大多数顾客不会费力去投诉63.D不向经理投诉同样会带给顾客麻烦64.B不会在停车时遇到麻烦65.销售员的礼貌66.直接把他们的不满告诉商店经理完型:67.A)among68.D)sponsor69.A)access70.B)less71.D)lack72.C)fees73.C)and74.A)maintain75.B)first76.D)when77.A)realized78.C)strongly79.D)led80.C)particular81.B)environment82.A)encouraging83.D)at84.B)how85.C)produce86.A)growing翻译：87.towhichtheystillhavenoanswerstoday.88.whatmostparentsareconcernedabout.89.incaseoftemperaturedrop.90.decidedtostarttheirownbusiness.91.untiladoctorfounditbychance.
242008年6月大学英语四级(CET-4)真题试卷 一.写作部分(9：00-9：30) PartⅠWriting(30minutes) Directions:Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowriteALetterofApologyaccordingtotheoutlinegivenbelow.Youshouldwriteatleast120wordsfollowingtheoutlinegivenbelowinChinese. 1.娱乐活动多种多样 2.娱乐活动可能使人们受益，也可能有危害性 3.作为大学生，我的看法。 二.快速阅读(9：30-9：45) MediaSelectionforAdvertisements Afterdeterminingthetargetaudienceforaproductorservice,advertisingagenciesmustselecttheappropriatemediafortheadvertisement.Wediscussherethemajortypesofmediausedinadvertising.Wefocusourattentiononseventypesofadvertising:television,newspapers,radio,magazines,out-of-home.Internet,anddirectmail. Television Televisionisanattractivemediumforadvertisingbecauseitdeliversmassaudiencestoadvertisers.WhenyouconsiderthatnearlythreeoutoffourAmericanshaveseenthegameshowWhoWantstoBeaMillionaire?youcanunderstandthepoweroftelevisiontocommunicatewithalargeaudience.Whenadvertiserscreateabrand,forexample,theywanttoimpressconsumerswiththebrandanditsimage.Televisionprovidesanidealvehicleforthistypeofcommunication.Buttelevisionisanexpensivemedium,andnotalladvertiserscanaffordtouseit. Television'sinfluenceonadvertisingisfourfold.First,narrowcastingmeansthattelevisionchannelsareseenbyanincreasinglynarrowsegmentoftheaudience.TheGolfChannel,forinstance.iswatchedbypeoplewhoplaygolf.HomeandGardenTelevisionisseenbythoseinterestedinhouseholdimprovementprojects.Thus,audiencesaresmallerandmorehomogeneous(具有共同特点的)thantheyhavebeeninthepast.Second,thereisanincreaseinthenumberoftelevisionchannelsavailabletoviewers,andthus,advertisers.Thishasalsoresultedinanincreaseinthesheernumberofadvertisementstowhichaudiencesareexposed.Third,digitalrecordingdevicesallowaudiencemembersmorecontroloverwhichcommercialstheywatch.Fourth,controloverprogrammingisbeingpassedfromthenetworkstolocalcableoperatorsandsatelliteprogrammers. Newspaper? Aftertelevision,themediumattractingthenextlargestannualadrevenueisnewspapers.TheNewYorkTimes,whichreachesanationalaudience,accountsfor$1billioninadrevenueannually,iimincreaseditsnationalcirculation(发行量)by40%andisnowavailableforhomedeliveryinionciues.Locally,newspapersarethelargestadvertisingmedium. Newspapersarealessexpensiveadvertisingmediumthantelevisionandprovideawayforadvertiserstocommunicatealonger.moredetailedmessagetotheiraudiencethantheycan
25through48hours,meaningnewspapersarealsoaquickwayofgettingthemassageout.Newspapersareofenthemostimportantformofnewsforalocalcommunity,andtheydevelopahighdegreeofloyaltyfromlocalreader. Radio AdvertisingonradiocontinuestogrowRadioisoftenusedinconjunctionwithoutdoorbill-boards(广告牌)andiheInternettoreachevenmorecustomersthantelevision.Advertisersarelikelytouseradiobecauseitisalessexpensivemediumthantelevision,whichmeansadvertiserscanaffordtorepealtheiradsoften.Internetcompaniesarealsoturning10radioadvertising.Radioprovidesawayforadvertiserstocommunicatewithaudiencemembersatalltimesoftheday.Consumerslistentoradioontheirwaytoschoolorwork,atwork,onthewayhome,andintheeveninghours. Twomajorchanges—satelliteandInternetradio—willforceradioadvertiserstoadapttheirmethods.Bothoftheseradioformsallowlistenerstotuneinstationsthataremoredistantthanthe localstationstheycouldreceiveinthepast.Asaresult,radiowillincreasinglyattracttargetaudienceswholivemanymilesapart. Magazines Newsweeklies,women’stitles,andbusinessmagazineshaveallseenincreasesinadvertisingbecausetheyattractthehigh-endmarket,magazinesarepopularwithadvertisersbecauseofthenarrowmarketthattheydeliver.Abroadcastmediumsuchasnetworktelevisionattractsalltypesofaudiencemembers,butmagazineaudiencesaremorehomogeneous,ifyoureadsportsillustrated,forexample,youhavemuchincommonwiththemagazine’sotherreaders.Advertisersseemagazinesasanefficientwayofreachingtargetaudiencemembers. Advertiserusingtheprintmedia-magazinesandnewspapers-willneedtoadapttotwomainchanges.First,theinternetwillbringlargeraudiencestolocalnewspapers,thesesecond.Advertiserswillhavetounderstandhowtouseanincreasingnumberofmagazinesfortheirtargetaudiences.Althoughsomemagazineswillmaintainnationalaudiences,alargenumberofmagazineswillentertainnarroweraudiences. Out-of-homeadvertising Out-of-homeadvertising.Alsocalledplace-basedadvertising,hasbecomeanincreasinglyeffectivewayofreachingconsumers,whoaremoreactivethaneverbefore.Manyconsumerstodaydonotsitathomeandwatchtelevision.Usingbillboards,newsstands,andbussheltersforadvertisingisaneffectivewayofreachingtheseon-the-goconsumers.Moreconsumerstravellongerdistancestoandfromwork,whichalsomakesout-of-homeadvertisingeffective,technologyhaschangedthenatureofthebillboardbusiness,makingitamoreeffectivemediumthaninthepast. Usingdigitalprinting,billboardcompaniescanprintabillboardin2hours,comparedwith6dayspreviously.Thisallowsadvertisersmorevarietyinthetypesofmessagestheycreatebecausethey. Canchangetheirmessagesmorequickly. Internet Asconsumersbecomemorecomfortablewithonlineshopping,advertiserswillseektoreachthismarketAsconsumersgetmoreoftheirnewsandinformationfromtheInternet,theabilityoftelevisionandradiotogetthewordouttoconsumerswilldecrease.ThechallengetoInternetadvertisersIstocreateadsthataudiencemembersremember.
26 Internetadvertisingwillplayamoreprominentroleinorganizations'advertisinginthenearftuture.Internetaudiencestendtobequitehomogeneous,butsmall.Advertiserswillhavetoadjusttheirmethodstoreachtheseaudiencesandwillhavetoadapttheirpersuasivestrategiestotheonlinemediumaswell. Directmail Afinaladvertisingmediumisdirectmail,whichusesmailingstoconsumerstocommunicateaclient'smessageDirectmailincludesnewsletters.postcardsandspecialpromotions.Directmailisaneffectivewaytobuildrelationshipswithconsumers.Formanybusinesses.directmailisthemosteffectivefromofadvertising. 1.Televisionisanattractiveadvertisingmediuminthat_____________. A)ithaslargeaudiences B)itappealstohousewives C)ithelpsbuildupacompany'sreputation D)itisaffordabletomostadvertisers 2.WiththeincreaseinthenumberofTVchannels_________. A)thecostofTVadvertisinghasdecreased B)thenuiflberofTVviewershasincreased C)advertisers'interestinothermediahasdecreased D)thenumberofTVadspeoplecanseehasincreased 3.Comparedwithtelevision,newspapersasanadvertisingmedium_________________. A)earnalargerannualadrevenue B)conveymoredetailedmessages C)usemoreproductiontechniques D)getmessagesoutmoreeffectively 4.Advertisingonradiocontinuestogrowbecause___________. A)morelocalradiostationshavebeensetup B)moderntechnologymakesitmoreentertaining C)itprovideseasyaccesstoconsumers D)ithasbeenrevolutionizedbyInternetradio. 5.Magazinesareseenbyadvertisersasanefficientwayto___________. A)reachtargetaudiences B)moderntechnologymakesitmoreentertainingC)appealtoeducatedpeople. D)conveyallkindsofmessages 6.Oui-of-homeadvertisinghasbecomemoreeffectivebecause_______ A)billboardscanbereplacedwithintwohours B)consumerstravelmorenoweverbefore C)suchadshavebeenmademuchmoreattractive D)thepaceofurbanlifeismuchfasternowadays 7.ThechallengetoInternetadvertisersistocreateadsthatare___________. A)quicktoupdate B)pleasanttolookat C)easytoremember D)convenienttoaccess 8.Internetadvertiserswillhavetoadjusttheirmethodstoreachaudiencesthattendtobe_____________ 9.Directmailisaneffecitiveformofadvertisingforbusinessestodevelop_________________________
27 10.Thispassagediscusseshowadvertisersselect________________foradvertisements. 注意：收答题卡一作文和快速阅读部分(9：45-10：00) 三.听力部分(10：00-10：35) SectionA 11.A)Givehisankleagoodrest. B)Treathisinjuryimmediately. C)Continuehisregularactivities. D)Becarefulwhenclimbingsteps. 12.A)Onatrain. B)Onaplane. C)Inatheater. D)Inarestaurant. 13.A)Atragicaccident. B)Afadoccasion C)Smith'sunusuallifestory. D)Smith'ssleepingproblem. 14.A)Reviewthedetailsofallherlessons. B)Comparenoteswithhisclassmates. C)Talkwithherabouthislearningproblems.D)Focusonthemainpointsofherlectures. 15.A)Themanblamedthewomanforbeingcareless. B)Themanmisunderstoodthewoman'sapology. C)Thewomanofferedtopayfortheman'scoffee. D)Thewomanspiltcoffeeontheman'sjacket. 16.A)Extremelytedious. B)Hardtounderstand. C)Lackingagootplot. D)Notworthseeingtwice. 17.A)Attendingeverylecture. B)Doinglostsofhomework. C)Readingveryextensively. D)Usingtest-takingstrategies. 18.A)ThedigitalTVsystemwillofferdifferentprograms. B)Heiseagertoseewhatthenewsystemislike. C)Hethinksitunrealistictohave500channels. D)ThenewTVsystemmaynotprovideanythingbetter. Question19to22arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard. 19.a)anoticebytheelectricityboard. b)adspromotingelectricappliances. c)thedescriptionofathiefindisguise. d)anewpolicyonpensioners'welfare. 20.a)speakingwithaproperaccent. b)wearinganofficialuniform. c)makingfriendswiththem d)showingthemhisID. 21.a)tobeonthealertwhenbeingfollowed. b)nottoleaveseniorcitizensaloneathome. c)nottoletanyoneinwithoutanappointment. d)towatchoutforthosefromtheelectricityboard. 22.a)shewasrobbedneartheparkinglot. b)allhermoneyinthebankdisappeared. c)thepensionshehadjustdrawnwasstolen. d)shewasknockeddowninthepostoffice. Question23to25arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard. 23.a)marketingconsultancy. b)Professionalaccountancy. c)luxuryhotelmanagement. d)businessconferenceorganization 24.a)havingagoodknowledgeofitscustoms. b)knowingsomekeypeopleintourism. c)havingbeentothecountrybefore. d)beingabletospeakjapanese. 25.a)itwillbringherpotentialintofullplay. b)itwillinvolvelotsoftraintravel. c)itwillenablehertoimproveherCinese.d)itwillgivehermorechancestovisitJapan. SectionB
28 PassageOne Question26to28arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard. 26.a)Thelackoftime b)Thequalityoflife. c)Thefrustrationsatwork. d)Thepressureonworkingfamilies. 27.a)Theywerejustasbusyaspeopleoftoday. b)Theysawtheimportanceofcollectiveefforts. c)Theydidn'tcomplainasmuchasmodernman. d)Theylivedahardlifebyhuntingandgathering. 28.a)Tolookforcreativeideasofawardingemployees. b)Toexplorestrategiesforloweringproductioncosts. c)Toseeknewapproachestodealingwithcomplaints. d)Tofindeffectivewaystogiveemployeesflexibility. PassageTwo Question29to31arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard. 29.a)familyviolence. b)hischildren'sefforts. c)herfather'sdisloyalty. d)hissecondwife'spositiveinfluence. 30.a)hisadvancedage. b)hischildren'sefforts. c)hisimprovedfinancialcondition. d)hissecondwife'spositiveinfluence. 31.a)loveisblind. b)lovebreedslove. c)divorceoftenhasdisastrousconsequences. d)happinessishardtofindinblendedfamilies. PassageThree Question32to35arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard. 32.a)itwaslocatedinapark b)itsownerdiedofaheartattack c)itwentbankruptallofsudden. d)itspottedplantswereforleaseonly. 33.a)plantingsometreesinthegreenhouse b)writingawantadtoalocalnewspaper c)puttingupagoingoutofbusinesssign d)helpingacustomerselectsomepurchases 34.a)openinganoffiveinthenewofficepark b)keepingbetterrelationswithhercompany c)developingfreshbusinessopportunities d)buildingabiggreenhouseofhisown 35.a)owningthegreenhouseoneday b)securingajobattheofficepark c)cultivatingmorepottedplants. d)findingcustomersoutoftown SectionC 注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。 We'renowwitnessingtheemergenceofanadvancedeconomybasedoninformationandknowledge.Physical(36)___,rawmaterials,andcapitalarenolongerthekey(37)____inthecreationofwealth.Now,the(38)____rawmaterialinoureconomyisknowledge.Tomorrow'swealthdependsonthedevelopmentandexchangeofknowledge.And(39)___enteringtheworkforceoffertheirknowledge,nottheirmuscles.Knowledgeworkersgetpaidfortheireducationandtheirabilitytolearn.Knowledgeworkers(40)____inmindwork.Theydealwithsymbols:words,(41)___anddata.
29 Whatdoesallthismeanforyou?Asafutureknowledgeworker,youcanexpecttobe(42)____,processing,aswellasexchanginginformation.(43)____,threeoutoffourjobsinvolvesomeformofmindwork,andthatnumberwillincreasesharplyinthefuture.Managementandemployeesalike(44)____. Inthenewworldofwork,youcanlookforwardtobeinginconstanttraining(45)____.Youcanalsoexpecttobetakinggreatercontrolofyourcareer.Gonearethenine-fivejobs.lifetimesecurity,predictablepromotions,andeventheconventionalworkplace,asyouarefamiliarwith.(46)____,anddon’twaitforsomeoneto“empower”you.Youhavetoempoweryourself. 四.阅读词汇部分选词阅读及完型(10：35-11：25) 选词填空 PartIVReadingComprehension(ReadinginDepth)(25minutes) SectionA Question57to61arebasedonthefollowingpassage. SomeyearsagoIwasofferedawritingassignmentthatwouldrequirethreemonthsoftravelthroughEurope.Ihadbeenabroadacoupleoftimes,butIcouldhardly-47-toknowmywayaroundthecontinent.Moreover,myknowledgeofforeignlanguageswas-48-toalittlecollegeFrench. Ihesitated.HowwouldI,unabletospeakthelanguage,-49-unfamiliarwithlocalgeographyortransportationsystems,setup-50-anddoresearch?Itseemedimpossible,andwithconsiderable-51-Isatdowntowritealetterbeggingoff.Halfwaythrough,athoughtranthroughmymind:youcan’tlearnifyoudon’ttry.SoIacceptedtheassignment. Thereweresomebad-52-.ButbythetimeIhadfinishedthetripIwasanexperiencedtraveler.Andeversince.Ihaveneverhesitatedtoheadforeventhemostremoteofplaces.Withoutguidesoreven-53-bookings.ConfidentthatsomehowIwillmanage. Thepointisthatthenew,thedifferent,isalmostbydefinition–54-.buteachtimeyoutrysomething.Youlearn.Andasthelearningpliesup.Theworldopenstoyou. I’velearnedtoskiat40,andflownuptheRhineriverina–55-.AndIknowI’llgotodoingsuchthings.It’snotbecauseI’mbraverormoredaringthanothers.I’mnot.ButI’llacceptanxietyasanothernameforchallengeandIbelieveIcan-56-wonders. 注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。 A.complishI.manufacture B.advancedJ.moments C.balloonK.news D.claimL.reduced E.constantlyM.regret F.declareN.scary G.interviewsO.totally H.limited PassageOne Question57to61arebasedonthefollowingpassage. Globalwarmingmayormaynotbethegreatenvironmentalcrisisofthe21stcentury,but-regardlessofwhetheritisorisn't-wewon'tdomuchaboutit.Wewillargueoveritandmayeven,asanation,makesomefairlysolemn-soundingcommitmentstoavoidit.Butthemoredramaticandmeaningfulthesecommitmentsseem,thelesslikelytheyaretobeobserved.
30 A1Gorecallsglobalwarmingan"inconvenienttruth,"asifmerelyrecognizingitcouldputusonapathtoasolution.Buttherealtruthisthatwedon'tknowenoughtorelieveglobalwarming,and-withoutmajortechnologicalbreakthroughs-wecan'tdomuchaboutit. From2003to2050,theworld'spopulationisprojectedtogrowfrom6.4billonto9.1billion,a42%increase.ifenergyuseperpersonandtechnologyremaintesame,totalenergyuseandgreenhousegasemissions(mainly,CO2)willbe42%higherin2050.Butthat'stoolow,becausesocietiesthatgrowricherusemoreenergy.Weneedeconmicgrowthunlesswecondemntheworld'spoortotheirpresent Povertyandfreezeeveryoneelse'slivingstandards.Withmodestgrowth,energyuseandgreenhouseemissionsmorethendoubleby2050. Nogovernmentwilladoptrigidrestrictionsoneconomicgrowthandpersonalfreedom(limitsonelectricityusage,drivingandtravel)thatmightcutbackglobalwarming.Still,politicianswanttoshowthey're"doingsomething"ConsidertheKyotoProtoco(京都议定书).Itallowedcountriesthatjoinedtopunishthosethatdidn't.Butithasn'treducedCO2emissions(upabout25%since1990),andmanysignatories(签字国)didn'tadopttoughenoughpoliciestohittheir2008-2012targets. Thepracticalcodusionisthatifglobalwarmingisapotentialdisaster,theonlysolutionisnewtechnology.Onlyanaggressiveresearchanddevelopmentprogrammightfindwaysofbreakingourdependenceonfossilfuelsordealingwithit. Thetroublewiththeglobalwarmingdebateisthatithasbecomeamoralproblewhenit'sreallyanengineeringone.Theinconvenienttruthisthatifwedon'tsolvetheengineeringproblem,we'rehelpless. 57.Whatissaidaboutglobalwarminginthefirstparagraph? A)Itmaynotproveanenvironmentalcrisisatall. B)Itisanissuerequiringworldwidecommitments. C)Seriousstepshavebeentakentoavoidorstopit.D)Verylittlewillbedonetobringitundercontrol. 58.Accordingtotheauthor'sunderstanding,whatisA1Gore'sviewonglobalwarming? A)Itisarealitybothpeopleandpoliticiansareunawareof. B)Itisaphenomenonthatcausesusmanyinconveniences. C)Itisaproblemthatcanbesolvedonceitisrecognized. D)Itisanareaweactuallyhavelittleknowledgeabout. 59.Greenhouseemissionswillmorethandoubleby2050becauseof___. A)economicgrowth B)wastefuluseofenergyC)thewideninggapbetweentherichandpoorD)therapidadvancesofscienceandtechnology 60.Theauthorbelievesthat,sincethesigningoftheKyotoProtocol,____. A)politicianshavestartedtodosomethingtobetterthesituation B)fewnationshaveadoptedrealtoughmeasurestolimitenergyuse C)reductionsinenergyconsumptionhavegreatlycutbackglobalwarming D)internationalcooperationhascontributedtosolvingenvoronmentalproblems 61.Whatisthemessagetheauthorintendstoconvey? A)Globalwarmingismoreofamoralissuethanapracticalone. B)Theultimatesolutiontoglobalwarmingliesinnewtechnology. C)Thedebateoverglobalwarmingwillleadtotechnologicalbreakthroughs.
31 D)Peoplehavetogiveupcertainmaterialcomfortstostopglobalwarming. PassageTwo Question62to66arebasedonthefollowingpassage. Somedayasirangerwillreadyoure-mailwithoutyourpermissionorscantheWebsiteyou'vevisited，Orperhapssomeonewillcasuallyglancethroughyourcreditcardpurchasesorcellphonebillstofindoutyourshoppingpreferencesorcallinghabits. Infact,it'slikelysomeofthesethingshavealreadyhappenedtoyou.Whowouldwatchyouwithoutyourpermission?Itmightbeaspouse,agirlfriend,amarketingcompany,aboss,acoporacriminal.Whoeveritis,theywillseeyouinawayyouneverintendedtobeseen-the21stcenturyequivalentofbeingcaughtnaked. Psychologiststellusboundariesarehealthy,thatit'simportanttorevealyourselftofriends,familyandloversinstages,atappropriatetimes.Butfewboundariesremain.Thedigitalbreadcrumbs(碎屑)youleaveeverywheremakeiteasyforstrangerstoreconstructwhoyouare,whereyouareandwhatyoulike.Insomecases,asimpleGooglesearchcanrevealwhatyouthink.Likeitornot,increasinglyweliveinaworldwhereyousimplycannotkeepasecret. Thekeyquestionis:Doesthatmatter? FormanyAmericans,theanswerapparentlyis"no." WhenopinionpollsaskAmericansaboutprivacy,mostsaytheyareconcernedaboutlosingit.Asurveyfoundanoverwhelmingpessimismaboutprivacy,with60percentofrespondentssayingtheyfeeltheirprivacyis"slippingaway,andthatbothersme." Butpeoplesayonethinganddoanother.OnlyatinyfractionofAmericanschangeanybehaviorsinanefforttopreservetheirprivacy.Fewpeopleturndownadiscountattollbooths(收费站)toavoidusingtheEZ-Passsystemthatcantrackautomobilemovements.Andfewturndownsupermarketloyaltycards.PrivacyeconomistAlessandroAcauistihasrunaseriesofteststhatrevealpeoplewillsurrenderpersonalinformationlikeSocailSecuritynumbersjusttogettheirhandsonapitiful50-cents-offcoupon(优惠卷)。 Butprivacydoesmatter-atleastsometimes.It'slikehealth:Whenyouhaveit,youdon'tnoticeit.Onlywhenit'sgonedoyouwishyou'ddonemoretoprotectit. 62.Whatdoestheauthormeanbysaying"the21stcenturyequivalentofbeingcaughtnaked"(Lines3-4,Para.2)? A)People'spersonalinformationiseasilyaccessedwithouttheirknowledge. B)Inthe21stcenturypeopletryeverymeanstolookintoothers'secrets. C)Peopletendtobemorefrankwitheachotherintheinformationage. D)Criminalsareeasilycaughtonthespotwithadvancedtechnology. 63.Whatwouldpsychologistsadviseontherelationshipsbetweenfriends? A)Friendsshouldopentheirheartstoeachother. B)Friendsshouldalwaysbefaithfultoeachother. C)Thereshouldbeadistanceevenbetweenfriends. D)Thereshouldbefewerdisputesbetweenfriends. 64.Whydoestheauthorsay"weliveinaworldwhereyousimplycannotkeepasecret"(Line5,para.3) A)Modernsocietyhasfinallyevolvedintoanopensociety. B)Peopleleavetracesaroundwhenusingmoderntechnology. C)Therearealwayspeoplewhoarecuriousaboutothers'affairs.
32 D)Manysearchenginesprofitbyrevealingpeople'sidentities. 65.WhatdomostAmericansdowithregardtoprivacyprotection? A)Theychangebehaviorsthatmightdisclosetheiridentity. B)Theyusevariousloyaltycardsforbusinesstransactions. C)Theyrelymostandmoreonelectronicdevices. D)Theytalkalotbuthardlydoanythingaboutit. 66.Accordingtothepassage,privacyislikehealthinthat___. A)peoplewillmakeeveryefforttokeepit. B)itsimportanceisrarelyunderstood C)isissomethingthatcaneasilybelost D)peopledon'tcherishituntiltheyloseit PartVCloze(15minutes) Universitiesareinstitutionsthatteachawidevarietyofsubjectsatadvancedlevels.Theyalsocarryoutresearchworkaimed-67-extendingman'sknowledgeofthesesubjects.Theemphasisgiventoeachofthesefunctions-68-fromuniversitytouniversity,accordingtotheviewsofthepeoplein-69-andaccordingtotheresourcesavailable.Thesmallerandneweruniversitiesdono-70-thestafforequipmenttocarryoutthe-71-researchprojectspossibleinlargerinstitutions.-72-mostexpertsagreethatsomeresearchactivityis-73-tokeepthestaffandtheirstudentsin-74-withthelastestdevelopmentsintheirsubjects. Moststudentsattendauniversitymainlyto-75-theknowledgeneededfortheirchosen-76-.Educationistsbelievethatthisaimshouldnotbethe-77-one.Universitieshavealwaysaimedtoproducemenandwomen-78-judgmentandwisdomaswellasknowledge.Forthisreason,they-79-studentstomeetotherswithdiffering-80-andtoreadwidelyto-81-theirunderstandinginmanyfieldsofstudy.-82-asecondaryschoolcourse,astudentshouldbeinterestedenoughinasubjecttoenjoygainingknowledgeforitsown-83-.Heshouldbepreparedto-84-sacrificestostudyhischosen-85-indepth.Heshouldhaveanambitiontomakesome-86-contributiontoman'sknowledge. 67.A)atB)byC)toD)in 68.A)turnsB)rangesC)movesD)varies 69.A)prospectB)placeC)controlD)favor 70.A)occupyB)possessC)involveD)spare 71.A)maximumB)mediumC)virtualD)vast 72.A)ButB)AsC)WhileD)For 73.A)naturalB)essentialC)functionalD)optional 74.A)coordinationB)accordanceC)touchD)grasp 75.A)acquireB)acceptC)endureD)ensure 76.A)processionB)professionC)possessionD)preference 77.A)typicalB)trueC)mereD)only 78.A)withB)underC)onD)through 79.A)promptB)provokeC)encourageD)anticipate 80.A)historiesB)expressionsC)interestsD)curiosities 81.A)broadenB)lengthenC)enforceD)specify 82.A)AmidB)OverC)AfterD)Upon 83.A)objectB)effectC)courseD)sake 84.A)takeB)sufferC)makeD)pay 85.A)fieldB)targetC)scopeD)goal
33 86.A)radicalB)meaningfulC)truthfulD)initial 五.翻译部分(11：25-11：30) PartVITranslation(5minutes) 注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答，只需写出译文部分。 87.Oureffortswillpayoffiftheresultsoftheresearch_________.(能应用于新技术的开发) 88.Ican’tbootmycomputernow.Something__________(一定出了毛病)withitsoperatingsystem. 89.Leavingone’sjob,_____________(无论是什么工作),isadifficultchange, evenforthosewholookforwardtoretiring. 90._________(与我成长的地方相比),thistownismoreprosperousandexciting. 91._________(直到他完成使命)didherealizethathewasseriouslyill.
34答案 PartIIReadingComprehension(SkimmingandScanning) 1.A2.D3.B4.C5.A6.D/B7.C 8.quitehomogeneous9.relationshipswithconsumers10.media PartIIIListeningComprehension 11.A12.C13.B14.D15.D16.B17.A18.D19.C20.D21.C22.C23.A24.D25.B26.A27.A28.D29.B30.D31.B32.B 33.C34.C35.A 36.labor37.ingredients38.vital39.individuals40.engage41.figures42.generating 43.Currently 44.willbemakingdecisionsinsuchareasasproductdevelopment,qualitycontrol,andcustomersatisfaction. 45.toacquirenewskillsthatwillhelpyoukeepupwithimprovedtechnologiesandprocedures. 46.Don'texpectthecompanieswillprovideyouwithaclearlydefinedcareerpath, PartIVReadingComprehension(ReadinginDepth) 47.D48.H49.O50.G51.K52.J53.B54.N55.C56.A57.D58.C59.A60.B61.B62.A63.C64.B65.D66.D PartVCloze 67.A68.D69.B70.B71.D72.C73.B74.C75.A76.B77.D78.A79.C80.C81.A82.B83.D84.B85.A86.C PartVITranslation 87.能应用于新技术的开发canbeappliedtotheresearchanddevelopmentofnewtechnology 88.一定出了毛病Theremustbesomethingwrong/theremustbesomeerrors/problems 89.不管是什么工作nomatterwhatkinditis/whateveritis 90.与我成长的地方相比ComparedwiththeplacewhereIgrewup 91.直到他完成使命Notuntilhehadaccomplishedthetask
352007年12月大学英语四级(CET-4)真题试卷PartIWriting(30minutes)Whatelectivestochoose1.各大学开设了各种各样的选修课2.学生因为各种原因选择了不同的选修课3.以你自己为例……PartⅡRadingcomprehension(Skimmingandscanning)(15minutes)Directions:Inthispart,youwillhave15minutestogooverthepasssagequicklyandanswerthequestionsonAnswerSheet1.Forquestions1-7,choosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).Forquestions8-10,completethesentenceswiththeinformationgiveninthepassage.UniveraitiesBranchOutAsneverbeforeintheirlongstory,universitieshavebecomeinstrumentsofnationalcompetitionaswellasinstrumentsofpeace.Theyaretheplaceofthescientificdiscoveriesthatmoveeconomiesforward,andtheprimarymeansofeducatingthetalentrequiredtoobtainandmaintaincompetitiveadvantages.Butatthesametime,theopeningofnationalborderstotheflowofgoods,services,informationandespeciallypeoplehasmadeuniversitiesapowerfulforceforglobalintegration,mutualunderstandingandgeopoliticalstability.Inresponsetothesameforcesthathavedriventheworldeconomy,universitieshavebecomeMoreself-consciousyglobal:seekingstudentsfromaroundtheworldwhorepresenttheentirerangeofculturesandvalues,sendingtheirownstudentsabroadtopreparethemforglobalcareers,offeringcoursesofstudythataddressthechallengesofaninterconnectedworldandcollaborative（合作的）researchprogramstoadvancescienceforthebenefitofallhumanity.Oftheforcesshapinghighereducationnoneismoresweepingthanthemovementacrossborders.Overthepastthreedecadesthenumberofstudentsleavinghomeeachyeartostudyabroadhasgrownatanannualrateof3.0percent,from8000,000in1975to2.5millionin2994.Mosttravelfromonedevelopednationtoanother,buttheflowfromdevelopingtodevelopedcountriesidgrowingrapidly.Thereverseflow,fromdevelopedtodevelopingcountries,isontherise,too.Todayforeignstudentsearn30percentofthedoctoraldegreesawardedintheUnitedStatesand38percentofthoseintheUnitedKingdom.Andthenumbercrossingbordersforundergraduatestudyisgrowingaswell,to8percentoftheundergraduatesatAmerica’sbestinstitutionsand10percentofallundergraduatesintheU.K.IntheUnitedStates,20percentofthenewlyhiredprofessorsinscienceandengineeringareforeign-born,andinChinamanynewlyhiredfacultyhiredfacultymembersatthetopresearchuniversitiesreceivedtheirgraduateeducationabroad.Universitiesarealsoencouragingstudentstospendsomeoftheirundergraduateyearsinanothercountry.InEurope,morethan140,000studentsparticipateintheErasmusprogrameachyear,takingcoursesforcreditinoneof2,2000participatinginstitutionsacrossthecontinent.Andin
36theUnitedStates,institutionsarehelpingplacestudentsinsummerinternships（实习）abroadtopreparethemforglobalcareers.YaleandHarvardhaveledtheway,offeringeveryundergraduateatleastoneinternationalstudyorinternshipopportunityandprovidingthefinancialresourcestomakeitpossible.Globalizationisalsoreshapingthewayresearchisdone.Onenewtrendinvolvessourcingportionsofaresearchprogramtoanothercountry.YaleprofessorandHowardHughesMedicalShanghai’sFudanUniversity,incollaborationwithfacultycolleaguesfrombothschools.TheShanghaicenterhas95employeesandgraduatestudentsworkingina4,300-square-meterlaboratoryseminarswithscientistsfrombothcampuses.Thearrangementbenefitsbothcountries;Xu’sYalelabismoreproductive,thankstothelowercostsofconducingfromaword-classscientistandhisU.S.team.Asaresultofitsstrengthinscience,theUnitedStateshasconsistentlyledoftheworldintheworldinthecommercializationofmajornewtechnologies,fromthemainframecomputerandintegratedcircuitofthe1960stotheinternetinfrastructure(基础设施)andapplicationssoftwareofthe1990s.Thelinkbetweenuniversity-basedscienceandindustrialapplicationisoftenindirectbutsometimeshighlyvisible:SiliconValleywasintentionallycreatedbyStanfordUniversity,andRoute128outsideBostonhaslonghousedcompaniesspunofffromMITandHarvard.Aroundtheworld,governmentshaveencouragedcopyingofhismodel,perhapsmostsuccessfullyinCambridge,England,whereMicrosoftandscoresofotherleadingsoftwareandbiotechnologycompanieshavesetupshoparoundtheuniversity.Forallitssuccess,theUnitedStatesremainsdeeplyhesitantaboutsustainingtheresearchuniversitymodel.MostpoliticianrecognizethelinkbetweeninvestmentinscienceandnationalEconomicstrength,butsupportforresearchfundinghasbeenunsteady.ThebudgetoftheNationalInstitutesofHealthdoubledbetween1998and2003,buthasrisenmoreslowlythaninflationssincethen.Supportforthephysicalsciencesandengineeringbarelykeptpacewithinflationduringthatsameperiod.Theattempttomakeuplostgroundiswelcome,butthenationwouldbebetterservedbysteady,predictableincreasesinsciencefundingattherateoflong-termGDPgrowth,whichisontheorderofinflationplus3percentperyear.Americanpoliticianshavegreatdifficultyrecognizingthatadmittingmoreforeignstudentscangreatlypromotethenationalinterestbyincreasinginternationalunderstanding.Adjustedforinflation,publicfundingforinternationalexchangesandforeign-languagestudyiswellbelowthelevelsof40yearsago.InthewakeofSeptember11,changesinthevisaprocesscausedadramaticdeclineinthenumberofforeignstudentsseekingadmissiontoU.S.Universities,andacorrespondingsurgeinenrollmentsinAustralia,SingaporeandtheU.K.ObjectionsfromAmericansuniversityandbusinessleadersledtoimprovementsintheprocessandareversalofthedecline,buttheUnitedStatesisstillseenbymanyasunwelcomingtointernationalstudents.MostAmericansrecognizethatuniversitiescontributetothenation’swell-beingthroughtheirscientificresearch,butmanyfearthatforeignstudentsthreatenAmericancompetitivenessbytakingtheirknowledgeandskillsbackhome.Theyfailtograspthatwelcomingforeignstudentsandlikeimmigrantsthroughouthistory-strengththenation;andsecond,foreignstudentswhostudyintheUnitedStatesbecomeambassadorsformanyofitsmostcherished(珍视)valueswhentheyreturnhome.Oratleasttheyunderstandthembetter.InAmericaaselsewhere,fewInstrumentsofforeignpolicyareaseffectiveinpromotingpeaceandstabilityaswelcominginternationaluniversitystudents.
37注意：此部分试题请在答题卡1上作答。1．Fromthefirstparagraphweknowthatpresent–dayuniversitieshavebecomeA．moreandmoreresearch-orientedB．in-servicetrainingorganizationsC．morepopularizedthaneverbeforeD．apowerfulforceforglobalintegration2．Overthepastthreedecades,theenrollmentofoverseasstudentshasincreasedA．by2.5millionB．by800,000C．atanannualrateof3.9percentD．atanannualrateof8percent3．IntheUnitedStates,howmanyofthenewlyhiredprofessorsinscienceandengineeringareforeign-born?A．10%B．20%C．30%D．38%4．HowdoYaleandHarvardpreparetheirundergraduatesforglobalcareers?A．TheyorganizeaseriesofseminarsonworldeconomyB．TheyofferthemvariouscoursesininternationalpoliticsC．TheyarrangeforthemtoparticipateintheErasmusprogramD．Theygivethemchancesforinternationalstudyorinternship5．Anexampleillustratingthegeneraltrendofuniversities’globalizationisA．Yale’scollaborationwithFudanUniversityongeneticresearchB．Yale’shelpingChineseuniversitiestolaunchresearchprojectsC．Yale’sstudentexchangeprogramwithEuropeaninstitutionsD．Yale’sestablishingbranchcampusesthroughouttheworld6．WhatdowelearnaboutSiliconValleyfromthepassage?A．IthousesmanycompaniesspunofffromMITandHarvardB．ItisknowntobethebirthplaceofMicrosoftCompanyC．ItwasintentionallycreatedbyStanfordUniversityD．ItiswheretheInternetinfrastructurewasbuiltup7．WhatissaidabouttheU.S.federalfundingforresearch?A．Ithasincreasedby3percentB．IthasbeenunsteadyforyearsC．IthasbeenmorethansufficientD．Itdoubledbetween1998and20038．ThedramaticdeclineintheenrollmentofforeignstudentsintheU.SafterSeptember11wascausedby9．ManyAmericansfearthatAmericancompetivenessmaybethreatenedbyforeignstudentswhowill10．ThepolicyofwelcomingforeignstudentscanbenefittheU.S.inthattheverybestofthemwillstayandPartⅢListeningComprehension(35minutes)SectionADirection:Inhissection,youwillhear8shortconversationsand2longconversations.Attheendofeachconversation,oneormorequestionswillbeaskedaboutwhatwassaid.boththeconversationandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Aftereachquestiontherewillapause.Duringthepause,youmustreadthefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD),anddecidewhichisthebestanswer.ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthe
38centre.注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。11.A)Sheusedtobeinpoorhealth.C)ShewassomewhatoverweightB)Shewaspopularamongboys.D)Shedidn’tdowellathighschool.12.A)Atheairport.C)Inabookingoffice.B)Inarestaurant.D)Atthehotelreception.13.A)Teachinghersonbyherself.C)Askingtheteacherforextrahelp.B)Havingconfidenceinherson.D)Tellinghersonnottoworry.14.A)Haveashortbreak.C)Continueherworkoutdoors.B)Taketwoweeksoff.D)Goonvacationwiththeman.15.A)Heistakingcareofthistwinbrother.C)HeisworriedaboutRod’shealth.C)Hehabeenfeelingillallweek.D)Hehasbeeninperfectcondition.16.A)Shesoldallherfurniturebeforeshemovedhouse.B)Shestillkeepssomeoldfurnitureinhernewhouse.C)Sheplanstoputallheroldfurnitureinthebasement.D)ShebroughtanewsetoffurniturefromItalylastmonth.17.A)Thewomanwonderedwhythemandidn’treturnthebook.B)Thewomandoesn’tseemtoknowwhatthebookisabout.C)Thewomandoesn’tfindthebookusefulanymore.D)Thewomanforgotlendingthebooktotheman.18.A)Mostoftheman’sfriendsareathletes.B)Fewpeoplesharethewoman’sopinion.C)Themandoesn’tlooklikeasportsman.D)Thewomandoubtstheman’sathleticability.Questions19to22arebasedontheconversationyouhaveheard.19.A)Shehaspackeditinoneofherbags.B)Shehasprobablyleftitinataxi.C)Sheidgoingtogetittheairport.D)Sheisafraidthatshehaslostit.20)A)Itendsinwinter.B)Itwillcostheralot.C)Itwilllastoneweek.D)Itdependsontheweather.21.A)Theplaneistakingoffsoon.B)Theremightbeatrafficjam.C)Thetaxiiswaitingforthem.D)Thereisalotofstufftopack.22.A)Athome.B)Intheman’scar.C)Attheairport.D)Bythesideofataxi.Questions23to25arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.23.A)Sheisthirstyforpromotion.B)Shewantsamuchhighersalary.C)Sheistiredofherpresentwork.D)Shewantstosavetravelexpenses.24.A)Translator.B)Travelagent.C)Languageinstructor.D)Environmentengineer.25.A)Livelypersonalityandinquiringmind.B)Communicationskillsandteamspirit.C)Devotionandworkefficiency.D)Educationandexperience.SectionBDirections:Inthissection,youwillhear3shortpassage.Attheendofeachpassage,youwillhearsomequestions.Boththepassageandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaquestions.,youmustchoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA）,B）,C）andD）.ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.PassageOne
39Questions26to29arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.26．A）Theycarealotaboutchildren.B）Theyneedlookingafterintheiroldage.C）Theywanttoenrichtheirlifeexperience.D）Theywantchildrentokeepthemcompany.27.A.Theyareusuallyadoptedfromdistantplaces.B.Theirbirthinfromationisusuallykeptsecret.C.Theirbirthparentsoftentrytoconcealtheirbirthinformation.D.Theiradoptiveparentsdon’twantthemtoknowtheirbirthparents.28.A.Theygenerallyholdbadfeelingstowardstheirbirthparents.B.Theydonotwanttohurtthefeelingsoftheiradoptiveparents.C.Theyhavemixedfeelingsaboutfindingtheirnaturalparents.D.Theyarefullyawareoftheexpensesinvolvedinthesearch.29.A.Earlyadoptionmakesforcloserparent-childrelationship.B.Mostpeopleprefertoadoptchildrenfromoverseas.C.Understandingisthekeytosuccessfuladoption.D.Adoptionhasmuchtodowithlove.PassageTwoQuestions30to32arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.30.A.Hesufferedfrommentalillness.B.HeboughtThewashingonpost.C.Heturnedafailingnewspaperintoasuccess.D.Hewasonceareporterforamajornewspaper.31.A.ShewasthefirstwomantoleadabigU.S.publishingcompany.B.ShegotherfirstjobasateacherattheUniversityofChicago.C.Shecommittedsuicidebecauseofhermentaldisorder.D.Shetookoverherfather’spositionwhenhedied.32.A.Peoplecametoseetheroleofwomeninthebusinessworld.B.KatharineplayedamajorpartinreshapingAmericans’mind.C.AmericanmediawouldbequitedifferentwithoutKatharine.D.Katharinehadexertedanimportantinfluenceontheworld.PassageThreeQuestions33to35arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.33.A.It’llenablethemtoenjoythebestmedicalcare.B.It’llallowthemtoreceivefreemedicaltheatment.C.It’llprotectthemfrompossiblefinancialcrises.D.It’llpreentthedoctorsfromoverchargingthem.34．A）Theycan’timmediatelygetbackthemoneypaidfortheirmedicalcost.B）Theyhavetogothroughverycomplicatedapplicationprocedures.C）Theycanonlyvisitdoctorswhospeaktheirnativelanguages.D）Theymaynotbeabletoreceivetimelymedicaltreatment.35．A）Theydon’thavetopayforthemedicalservices.B）Theyneedn’tpaytheentiremedicalbillatonce.C）Theymustsendthereceiptstotheinsurancecompanypromptly.
40D）Theyhavetopayamuchhigherpricetogetaninsurancepolicy.SectionCDirections:Inthissection,youwillhearapassagethreetimes.Whenthepassageisreadforthefirsttime,youshouldlistencarefullyforitsgeneralidea.Whenthepassageisreadforthesecondtime,youarerequiredtofillintheblanksnumberedfrom36to43withtheexactwordsyouhavejustheard.Forblanksnumberedfrom44to46youarerequiredtofillinthemissinginformation.Fortheseblanks,youcaneitherusetheexactwordsyouhavejustheardorwritedownthemainpointsinyourownwords.Finally,whenthepassageisreadforthethirdtime,youshouldcheckwhatyouhavewritten.Moreandmoreoftheword’spopulationarelivingintownsorcities.Thespeedatwhichcitiesaregrowinginthelessdevelopedcountriesis（36）.Between1920and1960bigcitiesindevelopedcountries（37）twoandahalftimesinsize,butinotherpartsoftheworldthegrowthwaseighttimestheirsize.They（38）sizeofgrowthisbadenough,buttherearenowalsovery（39）signsoftroubleinthe（40）ofpercentagesofpeoplelivingintownsandpercentagesofpeopleworkinginindustry.Duringthenineteenthcenturycitiesgrewasaresultofthegrowthofindustry.InEuropethe（41）ofpeoplelivingincitieswasalwayssmallerthanthatofthe（42）workinginfactories.Now,however,the（43）isalmostalwaystrueinthenewlyindustrializedworld:（44）.Withoutabaseofpeopleworkinginindustry,thesecitiescannotpayfortheirgrowth;（45）.Therehasbeenlittleopportunitytobuildwatersuppliesorotherfacilities.（46）agrowthinthenumberofhopelessanddespairingparentsandstarvingchildren.PartⅣReadingComprehension(ReadinginDepth)(25minutes)SectionADirections:Inthissection．Thereisapassagewithtenblanks.Youarerequiredtoselectonewordforeachblankfromalistofchoicesgiveninawordbankfollowingthepassage.Readthepassagethroughcarefullybeforemakingyourchoices.Eachchoiceinthebankisidentifiedbyaletter.PleasemarkthecorrespondingletterforeachitemonAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.Youmaynotuseanyofthewordsinthebankmorethanonce.Questions47to56arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Aswarspreadstomanycomersoftheglobe,Childrensadlyhavebeendrawnintothecenterofconflicts.InAfghanistan,Bosnia,andColombia,however,groupsofchildrenhavebeentakingpartinpeaceeducation47.Thechildren,afterlearningtoresolveconflicts,tookonthe48ofpeacemakers.TheChildren’sMovementforpeacemakerswasevennominated(提名)ortheNobelpeaceprizein1998.Groupsofchildren49ispeacemakersstudiedhumanrightsanpovertyissuesinColombia,eventuallyformingagroupwithfiveotherschoolsinBogotaknownaTheSchoolsofPeace.Theclassroom50opportunitiesforchildrentoreplaceangry,violentbehaviorswith51,peacefulones.Itisintheclassroomthatcaringandrespectforeachpersonempowerschildrentotakeastep52towardbecomingpeacemakers.Fortunately,educatorshaveaccesstomanyonlineresourcesthatare53usefulwhenhelpingchildrenalongthepathtopeace.TheYoung
41PeacemakersClub,startedin1992,providesaWebsitewithresourcesforteachersand54onstaringaKindnessCampaign.TheWorldCentersofCompassionforChildrenInternationalcallattentiontochildren’srightsandhowtohelpthe55ofwar.StartingaPeacemakers’Clubisapraiseworthyventureforaclassanonethatcouldspreadtootherclassroomsanideallyaffectthecultureofthe56school.注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。A)actingI)informationB)assumingJ)offersC)comprehensiveK)projectsD)cooperativeL)respectivelyE)entireM)roleF)especiallyN)technologyG)forwardO)victimsH)imagesSectionBDirections:Thereare2passagesinthissection.Eachpassageisfollowedbysomequestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemarefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).YoushoulddecideonthebestchoiceandmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.PassageOneQuestions57to61arebasedonfollowingpassage.Byalmostanymeasure,thereisaboominInternet-basedinstruction.Injustafewyears,34percentofAmericanuniversitieshavebegunofferingsomeformofdistancelearning(DL),andamongthelargerschools,it’scloserto90percent.Ifyoudoubtthepopularityofthetrend,youprobablyhaven’t.Itenrolls90,000student,astatisticusedtosupportitsclaimtobethelargestprivateuniversityinthecountry.Whilethekindsofinstructionofferedintheseprogramswilldiffer,DLusuallysignifiesacourseinwhichtheinstructionspostsyllabi(课程大纲),readingassignments,andschedulesonWebsites,andstudentssendintheirassignmentsbye-mail.Generallyspeaking,face-to-facecommunicationwithaninstructorisminimizedoreliminatedaltogether.Theattractionforstudentsmightatfirstseemobvious.Primarily,there’stheconveniencepromisedbycoursesontheNet:youcandothework,astheysay,inyourpajamas(睡衣).Butfiguresindicatethatthereducedeffortresultsinareducedcommitmenttothecourse.WhiledropoutratesforallfreshmenatAmericanuniversitiesisaround20percent,therateforonlinestudentsis35percent.Studentsthemselvesseemtounderstandtheweaknessesinherentinthesetup.InasurveyconductedforeCornell,theDLdivisionofCornellUniversity,lessthanathirdoftherespondentsexpectedthequalityoftheonlinecoursetobeasgoodastheclassroomcourse.Clearyformtheschoolsperspective,there’salotofmoneytobesaved.Althoughsomeofthemoreambitiousprogramsrequirenewinvestmentsinserversandnetworkstosupportcollaborativesoftware,mostDLcoursescanrunonexistingorminimallyupgraded(升级)systems.Themorestudentswhoenrollinacoursebutdon’tcometocampus,themorethe
42schoolsavesonkeepingthelightsonintheclassrooms,payingdoorkeepers,andmaintainingparkinglots,Andthere’sevindencethatinstructorsmustworkhardertorunaDLcourseforavarietyofreasons,won’tbepaidanymore,andmightwellbepaidless.57.WhatisthemoststrikingfeatureoftheUniversityofPhoenix?A)Allitscoursesareofferedonline.B)Itsonlinecoursesareofthebestquality.C)ItboaststhelargestnumberofstudentsoncampusD)Anyonetakingitsonlinecoursesissuretogetadegree.58．Accordingtothepassage,distancelearningisbasicallycharacterizedby_____A)AconsiderableflexibilityinitsacademicrequirementsB)Thegreatdiversityofstudents’academicbackgroundsC)Aminimumortotalabsenceofface-to-faceinstructionD)tthecasualrelationshipbetweenstudentsandprofessors59.ManystudentstakeInternet-basedcoursesmainlybecausetheycan_____A)EarntheiracademicdegreeswithmuchlesseffortB)SaveagreatdealontravelingandboardingexpensesC)SelectcoursesfromvariouscollegesanduniversitiesD)Workontherequiredcourseswheneverandwherever60.Whataccountsforthehighdrop-outratesforonlinestudents?A)Thereisnostrictcontrolovertheacademicstandardsofthecourses.B)Theevaluationsystemusedbyonlineuniversitiesisinherentlyweak.C)Thereisnomechanismtoensurethattheymaketherequiredeffort.D)Lackofclassroominteractionreducestheeffectivenessofinstruction.61.Accordingtothepassage,universitiesshowgreatenthusiasmforDLprogramsforthepurposeof_____A)buildinguptheirreputationC)upgradingtheirteachingfacilitiesB)cuttingdownontheirexpensesD)providingconvenienceforstudentsPassageTwoQuestions62to66arebasedonthefollowingpassage.InthisageofInternetchat,videogamesandrealitytelevision,thereisnoshortageofmindlessactivitiestokeepachildoccupied.Yet,despitethecompetition,my8-year-olddaughterRebeccawantstospendherleisuretimewritingshortstories.Shewantstoenteroneofherstoriesintoawritingcontest,acompetitionshewonlastyes.AsawriterIknowaboutwinningcontest,andaboutlosingthem.Iknowwhatitisliketoworkhardonastoryonlytoreceivearejectionslipfromthepublisher.Ialsoknowthepressuresoftryingtoliveuptoareputationcreatedbypreviousvictories.Whatifshedoesn’twinthecontestagain?That’sthestrangethingaboutbeingaparent.Somanyofourownpastscarsanddashedhopescansurface.Arevelation（启示）camelastweekwhenIaskedher,“Don’tyouwanttowinagain?”“No,”shereplied,“Ijustwanttotellthestoryofanangelgoingtofirstgrade.”Ihadjustspentweekscorrectingherstoriesasshespontaneously（自由地）toldthem.TellingmyselfthatIwasmerelyanexperiencedwriterguidingtheyoungwriteracrossthehall,Iofferedsuggestionsforcharacters,conflictsandendingsforhertales.Thestoryaboutafearfulangel
43startingfirsttradewasquickly“guided”bymeintothetaleofalittlegirlwithawildimaginationtakingherfistmusiclesson.Ihadturnedhercontestintomycontestwithoutevenrealizingit.Stayingbackandgivingkidsspacetogrowisnotaseasyasitlooks.BecauseIkonwverylittleaboutfarmanimalswhousetoolsorangelswhogotofirstgrade,IhadtoacceptthefactthatIwasco-opting（借用）mydaughter’sexperence.Whilesteppingbackwasdifficultforme,itwascertainlyagoodfirststepthatIwillquicklyfollowwithmoresteps,puttingmyselffarenoughawaytogiveherroombutcloseenoughtohelpifasked.AllthewhileIwillberemindingmyselfthatchildrenneedroomtoexperiment,growandfindtheirownvoices.注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。62.Whatdowelearnfromthefirstparagraph?A)Childrendofindlotsoffuninmanymindlessactivites.B)Rebeccaismuchtoooccupiedtoenjoyherleisuretime.C)Rebeccadrawsonalotofonlinematerialsforherwriting.D)Alotofdistractionscompeteforchildren’stimenowadays.63.Whatdidtheauthorsayaboutherownwritingexperience?A)Shedidnotquiteliveuptoherreputationasawriter.B)Herwaytosuccesswasfullofpainsandfrustrations.C)Shewasconstantlyunderpressureofwritingmore.D)Mostofherstorieshadbeenrejectedbypublishers.64.WhydidRebeccawanttoenterthisyear’swritingcontest?A)Shebelievedshepossessedrealtalentforwriting.B)Shewassureofwinningwithhermother’shelp.C)Shewantedtoshareherstorieswithreaders.D)Shehadwonaprizeinthepreviouscontest.65.What’stheauthor’sadviceforparents?A)Awritingcareer,thoughattractive,isnotforeverychildtopursue.B)Childrenshouldbeallowedfreedomtogrowthroughexperience.C)Parentsshouldkeepaneyeontheactivitiestheiropinions.PartVCloze（15minutes）Directions:Thereare20blanksinthefollowingpassage.ForeachblanktherearefourchoicesmarkedA），B）,C）andD）ontherightsideofthepaper.YoushouldchoosetheONEthatbestfitsintothepassage.ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。Onefactorthatcaninfluenceconsumersistheirmoodstate.Moodmaybedefined67atemporaryandmildpositiveornegativefeelingthatisgeneralizedandnottied68anyparticularcircumstance.Moodsshouldbe69fromemotionswhichareusuallymoreintense,70tospecificcircumstances,andoftenconscious.71onesense,theeffectofaconsumer’smoodcanbethoughtofin72thesamewayascanourreactionstothe73ofourfriends—whenourfriendsarehappyand“up”,thattendstoinfluenceuspositively,74whentheyare“down”,thatcanhavea75impactonus.Similarly,consumersoperatingundera76moodstatetendtoreacttostimulate（刺激因素）inadirection77withthatmoodstate.Thus,forexample,weshouldexpecttosee
4478inapositivemoodstateevaluateproductsinmoreofa79mannerthantheywouldwhennotinsuchastate,80moodstatesappearcapableof81aconsumer’smeomory.Moodsappeartobe82influencedbymarketingtechniques.Forexample,therhythm,pitch,and83ofmusichasbeenshowntoinfluencebehaviorsuchasthe84oftimespentinsupermarketsor85topurchaseproducts.Inaddition,advertisingcaninfluenceconsumers’moodswhich,in86,arecapableofinfluencingconsumers’reactionstoproducts.67．A）asB）aboutC）byD）with68．A）overB）underC）toD）up69．A）derivedB）descendedC）dividedD）distinguished70．A）relatedB）referredC）attachedD）associated71A）OnB）OfC）InD）By72．A）thusB）muchC）evenD）still73．A）signalB）gestureC）viewD）behavior74．A）forB）butC）unlessD）provided75．A）relativeB）decisiveC）negativeD）sensitive76．A）givenB）grantedC）fixedD）driven77．A）resistantB）persistentC）insistentD）consistent78．A）consumerB）businessmenC）retailersD）manufacturers79．A）casualB）criticalD）favorableC）serious80．A）HoweverB）OtherwiseC）MoreoverD）Nevertheless81.A)liftingB)enhancingC)raisingD)cultivating82.A)readilyC)cautiouslyB)rarelyD)currently83.A)stepB)speedC)bandD)volume84.A)extentB)amountC)scopeD)range85.A)facilitiesB)capacitiesC)reflectionsD)intensions86.A)turnB)totalC)detailD)depthPartVI Translation (5minutes)Directions:CmpletethesentencesbytranslatingintoEnglishtheChinesegiveninbrackets.PleasewriteyourtranslationonAnswerSheet2.注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答，只需写出译文部分。87.________________（多亏了一系列的新发明）,doctorscantreatthisdiseasesuccessfully.88.Inmysixties,onechangeInoticeisthat_________________(我比以前更容易累了).89.Iamgoingtopursuethiscourse,____________________(无论我要作出什么样的牺牲).90.Iwouldprefershoppingonlinetoshoppinginadepartmentstorebecause__________（它更加方便和省时）.91.ManyAmericansliveoncredit,andtheirqualityoflife____________________（是用他们能够借到多少衡量的），nothowmuchtheycanearn.
452007年12月四级参考答案 1.B.inservicetrainingorganizations 2.C.atanannualrateof3.9percent 3.B.20% 4.D.Theygivethemchancesforinternationalstudyorinternship 5.A.YalescollaborationwithFudanUniversityongeneticresearch 6.C.ItisintentionallycreatedbyStanfordUniversity. 7.B.Ithasbeenunsteadyforyears. 8.changesinthevisaprocess 9.taketheirknowledgeandskillsbackhome 10.strengthenthenation 听力 11.C)Shewassomewhatoverweight 12.D)Atahotelreception 13.B)Havingconfidenceinherson 14.A)Haveashortbreak15.D)Hehasbeeninperfectcondition16.B)Shestillkeepssomeoldfurnitureinhernewhouse 17.D)Thewomanforgotlendingthebooktotheman 18.C)Themandoesntlooklikeasportsman 19.A)Shehaspackeditinoneofherbags. 20.C)Itwilllastoneweek. 21.B)Thetaxiiswaitingforthem. 22.A)Athome. 23.C)Sheistiredofherpresentwork. 24.A)Translator. 25.D)Educationandexperience. 26.A)Theycarealotaboutchildren. 27.B)Theirbirthinformationisusuallykeptsecret. 28.C)Theyhavemixedfeelingsaboutfindingtheirnaturalparents. 29.D)Adoptionhasmuchtodowithlove. 30.B)HeboughtTheWashingtonPost. 31.A)ShewasthefirstwomantoleadabigU.Spublishingcompany. 32.D)Katharinehadexertedanimportantinfluenceontheworld. 33.C)Itllprotectthemfrompossiblefinancialcrises. 34.A)Theycantimmediatelygetbackthemoneypaidfortheirmedicalcost. 35.B)Theyneedntpaytheentiremedicalbillatonce. 36.alarming.37.increased38.sheer 39.disturbing 40.comparison 41.proportion 42.workforce 43.reverse 44.Thepercentageofpeoplelivingincitiesismuchhigherthanthepercentageworkinginindustry. 45.Thereisnotenoughmoneytobuildadequatehousesforthepeoplethatlivethere,letalonethenewarrivals. 46.Sothefiguresforthegrowthoftownsandcitiesrepresentproportionalgrowthofunemploymentandunderemployment 阅读 47.K.projects 48.M.role 49.A.acting 50.J.offers 51.D.cooperative 52.G.forward 53.F.especially 54.I.information 55.O.victims 56.E.entire. 57.A.Allitscoursesareofferedonline. 58.C.aminimumortotalabsenceofface-to-faceinstruction.
46 59.D.workontherequiredcourseswheneverandwherever. 60.C.Thereisnomechanismtoensurethattheymaketherequiredeffort. 61.B.cuttingdownontheirexpenses. 62.A.Childrendofindlotsoffuninmanymindlessactivities. 63.B.Herwaytosuccesswasfullofpainsandfrustrations. 64.C.Shewantedtoshareherstorieswithreaders. 65.C.shewantedtohelpRebeccarealizeherdreamofbecomingawriter. 66.B.Childrenshouldbeallowedfreedomtogrowthroughexperience. 完型 67.Aas 68.Cto69.Ddistinguished 70.Arelated 71.CIn 72.Bmuch 73.Dbehavior 74.Bbut 75.Cnegative 76.Agiven 77.Dconsistent 78.Aconsumers 79.Dfavorable 80.CMoreover 81.Benhancing 82.Areadily 83.Dvolume 84.Bamount85.Dintentions86.Aturn
472007年6月23日大学英语四级(CET-4)真题试卷PartIWriting(30minutes)注意：此部分试题在答题卡1上。Directions: Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowriteashortessayonthetopicofWelcometoourclub.Youshouldwriteatleast120wordsfollowingtheoutlinegivenbellow:欢迎辞，欢迎加入俱乐部。标题：Welcometoourclub书写提纲：1. 表达你的欢迎；2. 对你们俱乐部作一个简要介绍。PartIIReadingComprehension(SkimmingandScanning)(15minutes)Directions: Inthispart,youwillhave15minutestogooverthepassagequicklyandanswerthequestionsonAnswerSheet1.Forquestions1-7,markY(forYES) ifthestatementagreeswiththeinformationgiveninthepassage;N(forNO) ifstatementcontradictstheinformationgiveninthepassage;NG(forNOTGIVEN) iftheinformationisnotgiveninthepassage.Forquestion8-10,completethesentenceswiththeinformationgiveninthepassage.ProtectYourPrivacyWhenJob-huntingOnlineIdentitytheftandidentityfraudaretermsusedtorefertoalltypesofcrimeinwhichsomeonewrongfullyobtainsandusesanotherperson’spersonaldatainsomewaythatinvolvesfraudordeception,typicallyforeconomicgain.Thenumbersassociatedwithidentitytheftarebeginningtoaddupfastthesedays.ArecentGeneralAccountingOfficereportestimatesthatasmanyas750,000Americansarevictimsofidentitythefteveryyear.Andthatnumbermaybelow,asmanypeoplechoosenottoreportthecrimeeveniftheyknowtheyhavebeenvictimized.Identitytheftis“anabsoluteepidemic,”statesRobertEllisSmith,arespectedauthorandadvocateofprivacy.“It’scertainlypickedupinthelastfourorfiveyears.It’sworldwide.Itaffectseverybody,andthere’sverylittleyoucandotopreventitand,worstofall,youcan’tdetectituntilit’sprobablytoolate.”Unlikeyourfingerprints,whichareuniquetoyouandcannotbegiventosomeoneelsefortheiruse,youpersonaldata,especiallyyoursocialsecuritynumber,yourbankaccountorcreditcardnumber,yourtelephonecallingcardnumber,andothervaluableidentifyingdata,canbeused,iftheyfallintothewronghands,topersonallyprofitatyourexpense.IntheUnitedStatesandCanada,forexample,manypeoplehavereportedthatunauthorizedpersonshavetakenfundsoutoftheirbankorfinancialaccounts,or,intheworstcases,takenovertheiridentitiesaltogether,runningupvastdebtsandcommittingcrimeswhileusingthevictims’names.Inmanycases,avictim’slossesmayincludednotonlyout-of-pocketfinanciallosses,butsubstantialadditionalfinancialcostsassociatedwithtryingtorestorehisreputationinthecommunityandcorrecting
48erroneousinformationforwhichthecriminalisresponsible.AccordingtotheFBI,identitytheftisthenumberonefraudcommittedontheInternet.Sohowdojobseekersprotectthemselveswhilecontinuingtocirculatetheirresumesonline?Thekeytoasuccessfulonlinejobsearchislearningtomanagertherisks.HerearesometipsforstayingsafewhileconductingajobsearchontheInternet.1.Checkforaprivacypolicy.Ifyouareconsideringpostingyourresumeonline,makesurethejobsearchsiteyourareconsideringhasaprivacypolicy,likeCareerBuilder.com.Thepolicyshouldspellouthowyourinformationwillbeused,storedandwhetherornotitwillbeshared.Youmaywanttothinktwiceaboutpostingyourresumeonasitethatautomaticallysharesyourinformationwithothers.Youcouldbeopeningyourselfuptounwantedcallsfromsolicitors(推销员).Whenreviewingthesite’sprivacypolicy,you’llbeabletodeleteyourresumejustaseasilyasyoupostedit.Youwon’tnecessarilywantyourresumetoremainoutthereontheInternetonceyoulandajob.Remember,thelongeryourresumeremainspostedonajobboard,themoreexposure,bothpositiveandnot-so-positive,itwillreceive.2.Takeadvantageofsitefeatures.Lawfuljobsearchsitesofferlevelsofprivacyprotection.Beforepostingyourresume,carefullyconsideryourjobsearchobjectiveandthelevelofriskyouarewillingtoassume.CareerBuilder.com,forexample,offersthreelevelsofprivacyfromwhichjobseekerscanchoose.Thefirstisstandardposting.Thisoptiongivesjobseekerswhoposttheirresumesthemostvisibilitytothebroadestemployeraudiencepossible.Thesecondisanonymous(匿名的)posting.Thisallowsjobseekersthesamevisibilityasthoseinthestandardpostingcategorywithoutanyoftheircontactinformationbeingdisplayed.Jobseekerswhowishtoremainanonymousbutwanttosharesomeotherinformationmaychoosewhichpiecesofcontactinformationtodisplay.Thethirdisprivateposting.Thisoptionallowsajobseekertopostaresumewithouthavingitsearchedbyemployers.PrivatepostingallowsjobseekerstoquicklyandeasilyapplyforjobsthatappearonCareerBuilder.comwithoutretypingtheirinformation.3.Safeguardyouridentity.CareerexpertssaythatoneofthewaysjobseekerscanstaysafewhileusingtheInternettosearchoutjobsistoconcealtheiridentities.Replaceyournameonyourresumewithageneric(泛指的)identifier,suchas“IntranetDeveloperCandidate,”or“ExperiencedMarketingRepresentative.”Youshouldalsoconsidereliminatingthenameandlocationofyourcurrentemployer.Dependingonyourtitle,itmaynotbeallthatdifficulttodeterminewhoyouareoncethenameofyourcompanyisprovided.Useageneraldescriptionofthecompanysuchas“Majorautomanufacturer,”or“Internationalpackagedgoodssupplier.”Ifyourjobtitleisunique,considerusingthegenericequivalentinsteadoftheexacttitleassignedbyyouremployer.4.Establishandemailaddressforyoursearch.Anotherwaytoprotectyourprivacywhileseekingemploymentonlineistoopenupanemailaccountspecificallyforyouronlinejobsearch.Thiswillsafeguardyourexistingemailboxintheeventsomeoneyoudon’tknowgetsholdofyouremailaddressandsharesitwithothers.Usinganemailaddressspecificallyforyoujobsearchalsoeliminatesthepossibilitythatyou
49willreceiveunwelcomeemailsinyourprimarymailbox.Whennamingyournewemailaddress,besurethatitdoesn’tcontainreferencestoyournameorotherinformationthatwillgiveawayyouridentity.Thebestsolutionisanemailaddressthatisrelevanttothejobyouareseekingsuchassalesmgr2004@provider.com.5.Protectyourreference.Ifyourresumecontainsasectionwiththenamesandcontactinformationofyourreferences,takeitout.There’snosenseinsafeguardingyourinformationwhilesharingprivatecontactinformationofyourreferences.6.Keepconfidential(机密的)informationconfidential.Donot,underanycircumstances,shareyoursocialsecurity,driver’slicense,andbankaccountnumbersorotherpersonalinformation,suchasraceoreyecolor.Honestemployersdonotneedthisinformationwithaninitialapplication.Don’tprovidethiseveniftheysaytheyneeditinordertoconductabackgroundcheck.Thisisoneoftheoldesttricksinthebook–don’tfallforit.注意：此部分试题请在答题卡1上作答。1.RobertEllisSmithbelievesidentitytheftisdifficulttodetectandonecanhardlydoanythingtopreventit.2.Inmanycases,identitytheftnotonlycausesthevictims’immediatefinanciallossesbutcoststhemalottorestoretheirreputation.3.Identitytheftisaminoroffenceanditsharmhasbeensomewhatoverestimated.4.Itisimportantthatyourresumenotstayonlinelongerthanisnecessary.5.OfthethreeoptionsofferedbyCareerBuilder.cominSuggestion2,thethirdoneisapparentlymoststronglyrecommended.6.Employersrequireapplicantstosubmitverypersonalinformationonbackgroundchecks.7.Applicantsareadvisedtousegenericnamesforthemselvesandtheircurrentemployerswhenseekingemploymentonline.8.Usingaspecialemailaddressinthejobsearchcanhelppreventyourfromreceiving________.9. Toprotectyourreferences,youshouldnotpostonlinetheir________.10. Accordingtothepassage,identitytheftiscommittedtypicallyfor________.PartIIIListingComprehension(35minutes)SectionADirections: Inthissection,youwillhear8shortconversationsand2longconversations.Attheendofeachconversation,oneormorequestionswillbeaskedaboutwhatwassaid.Boththeconversationandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Aftereachquestiontherewillbeapause.Duringthepause,youmustreadthefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD),anddecidewhichisthebestanswer,thenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethoughthecentre.注意：此部分答题在答题卡2上作答。11. A)Itcouldhelppeopleofallagestoavoidcancer.B)Itwasmainlymeantforcancerpatients.C)Itmightappealmoretoviewersover40.D)Itwasfrequentlyinterruptedbycommercials.12. A)Themanisfondoftraveling.B)Thewomanisaphotographer.
50C)Thewomantookalotofpicturesatthecontest.D)Themanadmiresthewoman’stalentinwriting.13. A)Themanregretsbeingabsent-minded.B)Thewomansavedthemansometrouble.C)Themanplacedthereadinglistonadesk.D)Thewomanemptiedthewastepaperbasket.14. A)HequitteachinginJune.B)Hehasleftthearmyrecently.C)Heopenedarestaurantneartheschool.D)Hehastakenoverhisbrother’sbusiness.15. A)Sheseldomreadsbooksfromcovertocover.B)Sheisinterestedinreadingnovels.C)Shereadonlypartofthebook.D)Shewaseagertoknowwhatthebookwasabout.16. A)Shewasabsentallweekowingtosickness.B)Shewasseriouslyinjuredinacaraccident.C)Shecalledtosaythatherhusbandhadbeenhospitalized.D)Shehadtobeawayfromschooltoattendtoherhusband.17. A)ThespeakerswanttorenttheSmiths’oldhouse.B)ThemanlivestwoblocksawayfromtheSmiths.C)Thewomanisnotsureifsheisontherightstreet.D)TheSmiths’newhouseisnotfarfromtheiroldone.18. A)Themanhadahardtimefindingaparkingspace.B)Thewomanfoundtheyhadgottothewrongspot.C)Thewomanwasoffendedbytheman’slatearrival.D)Themancouldn’tfindhiscarintheparkinglot.Questions19to22arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.19. A)Thehotelclerkhadputhisreservationunderanothername.B)Thehotelclerkinsistedthathedidn’tmakeanyreservation.C)Thehotelclerktriedtotakeadvantageofhisinexperience.D)Thehotelclerkcouldn’tfindhisreservationforthatnight.20. A)Agrandweddingwasbeingheldinthehotel.B)Therewasaconferencegoingoninthecity.C)Thehotelwasundergoingmajorrepairs.D)Itwasabusyseasonforholiday-makers.21. A)Itwasfreeofchargeonweekends.B)Ithada15%discountonweekdays.C)Itwasofferedtofrequentguestsonly.D)Itwas10%cheaperthaninotherhotels.22. A)Demandcompensationfromthehotel.B)Askforanadditionaldiscount.C)Complaintothehotelmanager.D)Findacheaperroominanotherhotel.Questions23to25arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.
5123. A)AnemployeeinthecitycouncilatBirmingham.B)AssistantDirectoroftheAdmissionsOffice.C)HeadoftheOverseasStudentsOffice.D)SecretaryofBirminghamMedicalSchool.24. A)Nearlyfiftypercentareforeigners.B)AboutfifteenpercentarefromAfrica.C)AlargemajorityarefromLatinAmerica.D)AsmallnumberarefromtheFarEast.25. A)Shewillhavemorecontactwithstudents.B)Itwillbringhercapabilityintofullerplay.C)ShewillbemoreinvolvedIpolicy-making.D)Itwillbelessdemandingthanherpresentjob.SectionBDirections: Inthissection,youwillhear3shortpassages.Attheendofeachpassage,youwillhearsomequestions.Boththepassageandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaquestion,youmustchoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).ThenmarkthecorrespondingletterontheAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.PassageOneQuestions26to28arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.26. A)Herparentsthrivedintheurbanenvironment.B)HerparentsleftChicagotoworkonafarm.C)Herparentsimmigrated toAmerica.D)Herparentssetupanice-creamstore.27. A)HetaughtEnglishinChicago.B)Hewascrippledinacaraccident.C)Heworkedtobecomeanexecutive.D)Hewasbornwithalimp.28. A)Shewasfondoflivinganisolatedlife.B)ShewasfascinatedbyAmericanculture.C)Shewasverygenerousinofferinghelp.D)Shewashighlydevotedtoherfamily.PassageTwoQuestions29to32arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.29. A)Hesufferedanervousbreakdown.B)Hewaswronglydiagnosed.C)Hewasseriouslyinjured.D)Hedevelopedastrangedisease.30. A)Hewasabletotalkagain.B)Heracedtothenursinghome.C)Hecouldtellredandblueapart.D)Hecouldnotrecognizehiswife.31. A)Twenty-ninedays.B)Twoandahalfmonths.C)Severalminutes.D)Fourteenhours.32. A)Theywelcomedthepublicityinthemedia.B)Theavoidedappearingontelevision.C)Theyreleasedavideoofhisprogress.D)Theydeclinedtogivedetailsofhiscondition.
52PassageThreeQuestions33to35arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.33. A)Forpeopletoshareideasandshowfarmproducts.B)Forofficialstoeducatethefarmingcommunity.C)Forfarmerstoexchangetheirdailynecessities.D)Forfarmerstocelebratetheirharvests.34. A)Bybringingananimalrarelyseenonnearbyfarms.B)Bybringingabagofgraininexchangeforaticket.C)Byofferingtodo volunteerworkatthefair.D)Byperformingaspecialskillattheentrance.35. A)TheycontributetothemodernizationofAmericanfarms.B)Theyhelptoincreasethestategovernments’revenue.C)Theyprovideastageforpeopletogiveperformances.D)TheyremindAmericansoftheimportanceofagriculture.SectionCDirections: Inthissection,youwillhearapassagethreetimes.Whenthepassageisreadforthefirsttime,youshouldlistencarefullyforitsgeneralidea.Whenthepassageisreadforthesecondtime,youarerequiredtofillintheblanksnumberedfrom36to43withtheexactwordsyouhavejustheard.Forblanksnumberedfrom44to46youarerequiredtofillinthemissinginformation.Fortheseblanks,youcaneitherusetheexactwordsyouhavejustheardorwritedownthemainpointsinyourownwords.Finally,whenthepassageisreadforthethirdtime,youshouldcheckwhatyouhavewritten.注意：此部分试题在答题卡2上；请在答题卡2上作答。Students’pressuresometimescomesfromtheirparents.Mostparentsarewell(36)________,butsomeofthemaren’tveryhelpfulwiththeproblemstheirsonsanddaughtershavein(37)________tocollege,andafewofthemseemtogooutoftheirwaytoaddtotheirchildren’sdifficulties.Foronething,parentsareoftennot(38)________ofthekindsofproblemstheirchildrenface.Theydon’trealizethatthe(39)________iskeener,thattherequired(40)________ofworkarehigher,andthattheirchildrenmaynotbepreparedforthechange.(41)________toseeingA’sandB’sonhighschoolreportcards,theymaybeupsetwhentheirchildren’sfirst(42)________collegegradesarebelowthatlevel.Attheirkindest,theymaygently(43)________whyJohnorMaryisn’tdoingbetter,whetherheorsheistryingashardasheorsheshould,andsoon.(44)________________________________.Sometimesparentsregardtheirchildrenasextensionsofthemselvesand(45)________________________________.Intheirinvolvementandidentificationwiththeirchildren,theyforgetthateveryoneisdifferentandthateachpersonmustdevelopinhisorherownway.Theyforgetthattheirchildren,(46)________________________________.PartIVReadingComprehension(readingindepth)(25minutes)SectionADirections: Inthissection,thereisapassagewithtenblanks.Youarerequiredtoselectonewordforeachblankfromalistofchoicesgiveninawordbankfollowingthepassage.Readthepassagethroughcarefullybeforemakingyourchoices.Eachchoiceinbankisidentifiedbyaletter.PleasemarkthecorrespondingletterforeachitemonAnswerSheet2withasingleline
53throughthecentre.Youmaynotuseanyofthewordsinthebankmorethanonce.Questions47to56arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Yearsago,doctorsoftensaidthatpainwasanormalpartoflife.Inparticular,whenolderpatients__47__ofpain,theyweretolditwasanaturalpartofagingandtheywouldhavetolearntolivewithit.Timeshavechanged.Today,wetakepain__48__.Indeed,painisnowconsideredthefifthvitalsign,asimportantasbloodpressure,temperature,breathingrateandpulsein__49__aperson’swell-being.Weknowthatchronic(慢性的)paincandisrupt(扰乱)aperson’slife,causingproblemsthat__50__frommissedworktodepression.That’swhyagrowingnumberofhospitalsnowdependuponphysicianswho__51__inpainmedicine.Notonlydoweevaluatethecauseofthepain,whichcanhelpustreatthepainbetter,butwealsohelpprovidecomprehensivetherapyfordepressionandotherpsychologicalandsocial__52__relatedtochronicpain.Suchcomprehensivetherapyoften__53__theworkofsocialworkers,psychiatrists(心理医生)andpsychologists,aswellasspecialistsinpainmedicine.Thismodern__54__forpainmanagementhasledtoawealthofinnovativetreatmentswhicharemoreeffectiveandwithfewersideeffectsthaneverbefore.Decadesago,therewereonlya__55__numberofdrugsavailable,andmanyofthemcaused__56__sideeffectsinolderpeople,includingdizzinessandfatigue.Thiscreatedadouble-edgedsword:themedicationshelpedrelievethepainbutcausedotherproblemsthatcouldbeworsethanthepainitself.A) result I) determiningB) involves J) limitedC) significant K) gravelyD) range L) complainedE) relieved M) respectF) issues N) promptingG) seriously O) specializeH) magnificent SectionBPassageOneQuestions57to61arebasedonthefollowingpassage.I’vebeenwritingformostofmylife.ThebookWritingWithoutTeachersintroducedmetoonedistinctionandonepracticethathashelpedmywritingprocessestremendously.Thedistinctionisbetweenthecreativemindandthecriticalmind.Whileyouneedtoemploybothtogettoafinishedresult,theycannotworkinparallelnomatterhowmuchwemightliketothinkso.Tryingtocriticizewritingontheflyispossiblythesinglegreatestbarriertowritingthatmostofusencounter.Ifyouarelisteningtothat5thgradeEnglishteachercorrectyourgrammarwhileyouaretryingtocaptureafleeting(稍纵即逝的)thought,thethoughtwilldie.Ifyoucapturethefleetingthoughtandsimplyshareitwiththeworldinrawform,nooneislikelytounderstand.Youmustlearntocreatefirstandthencriticizeifyouwanttomakewritingthetoolforthinkingthatitis.ThepracticethatcanhelpyoupastyourlearnedbadhabitsoftryingtoeditasyouwriteiswhatElbowcalls“freewriting.”Infreewriting,theobjectiveistogetwordsdownonpaper
54non-stop,usuallyfor15-20minutes.Nostopping,nogoingback,nocriticizing.Thegoalistogetthewordsflowing.Asthewordsbegintoflow,theideaswillcomefromtheshadowsandletthemselvesbecapturedonyournotepadoryourscreen.Nowyouhaverawmaterialsthatyoucanbegintoworkwithusingthecriticalmindthatyou’vepersuadedtositonthesideandwatchquietly.Mostlikely,youwillbelievethatthiswilltakemoretimethanyouactuallyhaveandyouwillendupstaringblanklyatthepagesasthedeadlinedrawsnear.Insteadofstaringatablankstartfillingitwithwordsnomatterhowbad.Halfwaythroughyouavailabletime,stopandreworkyourrawwritingintosomethingclosertofinishedproduct.Movebackandforthuntilyourunoutoftimeand thefinalresultwillmostlikelybefarbetterthanyourcurrentpractices.注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。57. Whentheauthorsaysthecreativemindandthecriticalmind“cannotworkinparallel”(Line4,Para.1)inthewritingprocess,hemeans________.A)noonecanbebothcreativeandcriticalB)theycannotberegardedasequallyimportantC)theyareinconstantconflictwitheachotherD)onecannotusethematthesametime58. Whatpreventspeoplefromwritingonis________.A)puttingtheirideasinrawformB)attemptingtoeditastheywriteC)ignoringgrammaticalsoundnessD)tryingtocapturefleetingthoughts59. Whatisthechiefobjectiveofthefirststageofwriting?A)Toorganizeone’sthoughtslogically.B)Tochooseanappropriatetopic.C)Togetone’sideasdown.D)Tocollectrawmaterials.60. Onecommonconcernofwritersabout“freewriting”isthat________.A)itoverstressestheroleofthecreativemindB)ittakestoomuchtimetoeditafterwardsC)itmaybringabouttoomuchcriticismD)itdoesnothelpthemtothinkclearly61. Inwhatwaydoesthecriticalmindhelpthewriterinthewritingprocess?A)Itrefineshiswritingintobettershape.B)Ithelpshimtocomeupwithnewideas.C)Itsavesthewritingtimeavailabletohim.D)Itallowshimtositonthesideandobserve.PassageTwoIdon’teverwanttotalkaboutbeingawomanscientistagain.Therewasatimeinmylifewhenpeopleaskedconstantlyforstoriesaboutwhatit’sliketoworkinafielddominatedbymen.IwasneververygoodattellingthosestoriesbecausetruthfullyIneverfoundtheminteresting.WhatIdofindinterestingistheoriginoftheuniverse,theshapeofspace-timeandthenatureofblackholes.At19,whenIbeganstudyingastrophysics,it didnotbothermeintheleasttobetheonlywomanintheclassroom.ButwhileearningmyPh.D.atMITandthenasapost-doctordoingspaceresearch,theissuestartedtobotherme.Myeveryachievement—jobs,researchpapers,awards—wasviewedthroughthelensofgender(性别)politics.Soweremyfailures.Sometimes,whenIwaspushedintoanargumentonleftbrainversus(相对于)rightbrain,ornatureversusnurture(培育),Iwouldinstantlyfightfiercelyonmybehalfandallwomankind.Thenonedayafewyearsago,outofmymouthcameasentencethatwouldeventuallybecomemyreplytoanyandallprovocations:Idon’ttalkaboutthatanymore.Ittookme10years
55togetbacktheconfidenceIhadat19andtorealizethatIdidn’twanttodealwithgenderissues.Whyshouldcuringsexismbeyetanotherterribleburdenoneveryfemalescientist?Afterall,Idon’tstudysociologyorpoliticaltheory.TodayIresearchandteachatBarnard,awomen’scollegeinNewYorkCity.Recently,someoneaskedmehowmayofthe45studentsinmyclasswerewomen.Youcannotimaginemysatisfactionatbeingabletoanswer,45.Iknowsomeofmystudentsworryhowtheywillmanagetheirscientificresearchandadesireforchildren.AndIdon’tdismissthoseconcerns.Still,Idon’ttellthem“war”stories.Instead,Ihavegiventhemthis:thevisualoftheirphysicsprofessorheavilypregnantdoingphysicsexperiments.Andinturntheyhavegivenmetheimageof45womendrivenbyaloveofscience.Andthat’sasightworthtalkingabout.62. Whydoesn’ttheauthorwanttotalkaboutbeingawomanscientistagain?A)Shefeelsunhappyworkinginmale-dominatedfields.B)Sheisfedupwiththeissueofgenderdiscrimination.C)Sheisnotgoodattellingstoriesofthekind.D)Shefindsspaceresearchmoreimportant.63. FromParagraph2,wecaninferthatpeoplewouldattributetheauthor’sfailuresto________.A)theveryfactthatsheisawomanB)herinvolvementingenderpoliticsC)herover-confidenceasafemaleastrophysicistD)theburdenshebearsinamale-dominatedsociety64. WhatdidtheauthorconstantlyfightagainstwhiledoingherPh.D.andpost-doctoralresearch?A)Lackofconfidenceinsucceedinginspacescience.B)Unfairaccusationsfrombothinsideandoutsidehercircle.C)People’sstereotypedattitudetowardfemalescientists.D)Widespreadmisconceptionsaboutnatureandnurtured.65. Whydoestheauthorfeelgreatsatisfactionwhentalkingaboutherclass?A)Femalestudentsnolongerhavetobotheraboutgenderissues.B)Herstudents’performancehasbroughtbackherconfidence.C)Herfemalestudentscandojustaswellasmalestudents.D)Morefemalestudentsarepursuingsciencethanbefore.66. Whatdoestheimagetheauthorpresentstoherstudentssuggest?A)Womenstudentsneedn’thavetheconcernsofhergeneration.B)Womenhavemorebarriersontheirwaytoacademicsuccess.C)Womencanbalanceacareerinscienceandhavingafamily.D)Womennowhavefewerproblemspursuingasciencecareer.PartVCloze(15minutes)Directions: Thereare20blanksinthefollowingpassage.ForeachblanktherearefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD)ontherightsideofthepaper.YoushouldchoosetheONEthatbestfitsintothepassage.ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。AnearthquakehitKashmironOct.8,2005.ittooksome75,000lives,__67__130,000andleftnearly3.5millionwithoutfood,jobsorhomes.__68__overnight,scoresoftentvillages
56bloomed__69__theregion,tendedbyinternationalaidorganizations,military__70__andaidgroupsworkingdayandnighttoshelterthesurvivorsbeforewinterset__71__.Mercifully,theseasonwasmild.Butwiththe__72__ofspringtherefugeeswillbemovedagain.Campsthat__73__healthcare,foodandshelterfor150,000survivorshavebeguntocloseastheywere__74__intendedtobepermanent.Formostoftherefugees,thethoughtofgoingbackbrings__75__emotions.Thepastsixmonthshavebeendifficult.Familiesof__76__manyas10peoplehavehadtoshelter__77__asingletentandsharecookstovesandbathing__78__withneighbors.“Theyarelookingforwardtothecleanwateroftheirrivers,”officialssay.“Theyare__79__offreefreshfruit.Theywanttogetbacktotheirherdsandstart__80__again.”Butmostwillbereturningto__81__butheapsofruins.Inmanyvillages,electrical__82__havenotbeenrepaired,norhaveroads.Aidworkers__83__thatitwilltakeyearstorebuildwhattheearthquaketook__84__.Andforthethousandsofsurvivors,the__85__willneverbecomplete.Yetthesurvivorshavetostartsomewhere.Newhomescanbebuilt__86__thestones,bricksandbeamsofoldones.Springiscominganditisagoodtimetostartagain.67. A)injuredB)ruinedC)destroyedD)damaged68. A)AltogetherB)AlmostC)ScarcelyD)Surely69. A)amongB)aboveC)amidD)across70. A)ranksB)equipmentC)personnelD)installations71. A)outB)inC)onD)forth72. A)fallingB)emergenceC)arrivalD)appearing73. A)strengthenedB)aidedC)transferredD)provided74. A)neverB)onceC)everD)yet75. A)puzzledB)contrastedC)doubledD)mixed76. A)likeB)asC)soD)too77. A)byB)belowC)underD)with78. A)facilitiesB)instrumentsC)implementsD)appliances79. A)seekingB)dreamingC)longingD)searching80. A)producingB)cultivatingC)farmingD)nourishing81. A)anythingB)somethingC)everythingD)nothing82. A)linesB)channelsC)pathsD)currents83. A)accountB)measureC)estimateD)evaluate84. A)asideB)awayC)upD)out85. A)reservationB)retreatC)replacementD)recovery86. A)fromB)throughC)uponD)ontoPartVITranslation(5minutes)87. Thefindingofthisstudyfailedto________________________(将人们的睡眠质量考虑在内).88. ThepreventandtreatmentofAIDSis________________________(我们可以合作的领域).89. Becauseoftheleginjury,theathlete ________________________(决定退出比赛).90. Tomakedonationsorformoreinformation,please ________________________(按以下地址和我们联系).
5791. Pleasecomehereattentomorrowmorning ________________________(如果你方便的话).2007年6月23日四级参考答案PartIIReadingComprehension(SkimmingandScanning)1. Y2. Y3. N.4. Y.5. NG6. N7. Y8. unwelcomeemails9. namesandcontactinformation10. economicgainPartIIIListeningComprehension11. C 12. D 13. B 14. A 15. C16. D 17. D 18. A 19. C 20. B21. A 22. C 23. B 24. A 25. C26. C 27. B 28. D 29. C 30. A31. B 32. D 33. A 34. B 35. D36. meaning37. adjusting38. aware39. competition40. standards41. accustomed42. semester43. inquire44. attheirworst,theymaythreatentotaketheirchildrenoutofcollegeorcutofffunds45. thinkitonlyrightandnaturalthattheydeterminewhattheirchildrendowiththeirlives46. whoarenowyoungadultsmust,betheonesresponsibleforwhattheydoandwhattheyare15.10PartIVReadingComprehension(ReadinginDepth)47. L 48. G 49. I 50. D51. O 52. F 53. B 54. M 55. J56. C 57. D 58. B 59. C 60. B61. A 62. B 63. A 64. C 65. D66. C PartVCloze67. A 68. B 69. D 70. C71. B 72. C 73. D 74. A 75. D76. B 77. C 78. A 79. B 80. C81. D 82. A 83. C 84. B 85. D86. A PartVITranslation(5minutes)87. takepeople’ssleepqualityintoaccount88. thefield(where)wecancooperate/thefieldinwhichwecancooperate89. decidedtoquitthematch90. contactusatthefollowingaddress91. ifitisconvenientforyou/atyourconvenience
582006年12月23日大学英语新四级(CET-4)真题试卷PartIWriting(30minutes)注意：此部分试题在答题卡1上。Directions: Forthispart,youareallowed30minutetowriteashortessayonthetopicofstudentsselectingtheirlectures.Youshouldwriteatleast120wordsfollowingtheoutlinegivenbellow:1. 许多人喜欢在除夕夜看春节晚会2. 但有些人提出取消春节晚会3. 我的看法PartIIReadingComprehension(SkimmingandScanning)(15minutes)Directions: Inthispart,youwillhave15minutetogooverthepassagequicklyandanswerthequestionsonAnswerSheet1.Forquestions1-7,markY(forYES) ifthestatementagreeswiththeinformationgiveninthepassage;N(forNO) ifstatementcontradictstheinformationgiveninthepassage;NG(forNOTGIVEN) iftheinformationisnotgiveninthepassage.Forquestion8-10,completethesentenceswiththeinformationgiveninthepassage.SixSecretsofHigh-EnergyPeopleThere’sanenergycrisisinAmerica,andithasnothingtodowithfossilfuels.Millionsofusgetupeachmorningalreadywearyoverthedayholds.“Ijustcan’tgetstarted,”peoplesay.Butit’snotphysicalenergythatmostofuslack.Sure,wecouldalluseextrasleepandabetterdiet.Butintruth,peoplearehealthiertodaythanatanytimeinhistory.Icanalmostguaranteethatifyoulongformoreenergy,theproblemisnotwithyourbody.Whatyou’reseekingisnotphysicalenergy.It’semotionalenergy.Yet,sadtosay,lifesometimesseemsdesignedtoexhaustoursupply.Weworktoohard.Wehavefamilyobligations.Weencounteremergenciesandpersonalcrises.Nowondersomanyofussufferfromemotionalfatigue,akindofutterexhaustionofthespirit.Andyetweallknowpeoplewhoarefilledwithjoy,despitetheunpleasantcircumstancesoftheirlives.Evenasachild,Iobservedpeoplewhowerepoor,ordisabled,orill,butwhononethelessfacedlifewithoptimismandvigor.ConsiderLauraHillenbrand,whodespiteanextremelyweakbody,wrotethebest-sellerSeabiscuit.Hillenbrandbarelyhadenoughphysicalenergytodragherselfoutofbedtowrite.Butshewasfueledbyhavingastoryshewantedtoshare.Itwasemotionalenergythathelpedhersucceed.Unlikephysicalenergy,whichisfiniteanddiminisheswithage,emotionalenergyisunlimitedandhasnothingtodowithgenesorupbringing.Sohowdoyougetit?Youcan’tsimplytellyourselftobepositive.Youmusttakeaction.Herearesixpracticalstrategiesthatwork.1.Dosomethingnew.Verylittlethat’snewoccursinourlives.Theimpactofthissamenessonouremotionalenergyisgradual,buthuge:It’slikeatirewithaslowleak.Youdon’tnoticeitatfirst,but
59eventuallyyou’llgetaflat.It’suptoyoutoplugtheleak—eventhoughtherearealwaysadozenreasonstostaystuckinyourdullroutinesoflife.That’swhereMaura,36,awaitress,foundherselfayearago.Fortunately,Maurahadalifeline—agroupofwomenfriendswhomeetregularlytodiscusstheirlives.TheirlivelydiscussionsspurredMauratomakesmallbutneverthelesslifealteringchanges.Shejoinedagyminthenexttown.ShechangedherlookwithashorthaircutandnewblackT-shirts.Eventually,Mauragatheredthecouragetoquitherjobandstartherownbusiness.Here’sachallenge:Ifit’ssomethingyouwouldn’tordinarilydo,doit.Tryadishyou’venevereaten.Listentomusicyou’dordinarilytuneout.You’lldiscoverthesesmallthingsaddtoyouremotionalenergy.2.Reclaimlife’smeaning.Somanyofmypatientstellmethattheirlivesusedtohavemeaning,butthatsomewherealongthelinethingswentstale.Thefirststepinsolvingthismeaningshortageistofigureoutwhatyoureallycareabout,andthendosomethingaboutit.AcaseinpointisIvy,57,apioneerininvestmentbanking.“ImistakenlybelievedthatallthemoneyImadewouldmeansomething,”shesays.“ButIfeellost,likea22-year-oldwonderingwhattodowithherlife.”Ivy’ssolution?ShestartedaprogramthatshowsWallStreetershowtodonatetimeandmoneytopoorchildren.Intheprocess,Ivyfilledherlifewithmeaning.3.Putyourselfinthefunzone.Mostofusgrown-upsareseriouslyfun-deprived.High-energypeoplehavethesameday-to-dayworkastherestofus,buttheymanagetofindsomethingenjoyableineverysituation.ArealestatebrokerIknowkeepsherselfamusedonthejobbymentallyredecoratingthehousessheshowstoclients.“Iloveimaginingwhateventhemostrun-downhousecouldlooklikewithalittletenderlovingcare,”shesays.“It’sachallenge—andtheleastdesirablepropertiesareusuallythemostfun.”Wealldefinefundifferently,ofcourse,butIcanguaranteethis:Ifyouputjustabitofitintoyourday,youenergywillincreasequickly.4.Bidfarewelltoguiltandregret.Everyone’spastisfilledwithregretsthatstillcausepain.Butfromanemotionalenergypointofview,theyaredeadweightsthatkeepusfrommovingforward.Whiletheycan’tmerelybewilledaway,Idorecommendyouremindyourselfthatwhateverhappenedisinthepast,andnothingcanchangethat.Holdingontothememoryonlyallowsthedamagetocontinueintothepresent.5.Makeupyourmind.Sayyou’vebeenthinkingaboutcuttingyourhairshort.Willitlookstylish—ortooextreme?Youendlesslythinkitover.Havingthedecisionhangingoveryourheadisahugeenergydrain.Everytimeyoucan’tdecide,youburdenyourselfwithalternatives.Quitthinkingthatyouhavetomaketherightdecision;instead,makeachoiceanddon’tlookback.6.Givetoget.Emotionalenergyhasakindofmagicalquality;themoreyougive,themoreyougetback.Thisisthedifferencebetweenemotionalandphysicalenergy.Withthelatter,youhavetogetittobeabletogiveit.Withtheformer,however,yougetitbygivingit.
60Startbyaskingeveryoneyoumeet,“Howareyou?”asifyoureallywanttoknow,thenlistentothereply.Betheonewhohears.Mostofusalsoneedtosmilemoreoften.Ifyoudon’tsmileatthepersonyoulovefirstthinginthemorning,you’resuckingenergyoutofyourrelationship.Finally,helpanotherperson—andmakethehelpreal,concrete.Giveamassage(按摩)tosomeoneyoulove,orcookherdinner.Then,expandthecircletowork.Tryaskingyourselfwhatyou’ddoifyourgoalweretobehelpfulratherthanefficient.Afterall,ifit’struethatwhatgoesaroundcomesaround,whynotmakesurethatwhat’scirculatingaroundyouisthegoodstuff?注意：此部分试题请在答题卡1上作答。1.TheenergycrisisinAmericadiscussedheremainlyreferstoashortageoffossilfuels.2.Peoplethesedaystendtolackphysicalenergy.3.LauraHillenbrandisanexamplecitedtoshowhowemotionalenergycancontributetoone’ssuccessinlife.4.Theauthorbelievesemotionalenergyisinheritedandgeneticallydetermined.5.Evensmallchangespeoplemakeintheirlivescanhelpincreasetheiremotionalenergy.6.Ivyfilledherlifewithmeaningbylaunchingaprogramtohelppoorchildren.7.Thereal-estatebrokertheauthorknowsistalentedinhomeredecoration.8.Peopleholdingontosadmemoriesofthepastwillfinditdifficultto________.9.Whenitcomestodecision-making,oneshouldmakeaquickchoicewithout________.10.Emotionalenergyisinawaydifferentfromphysicalenergyinthatthemoreyougive,________.PartIIIListingComprehension(35minutes)SectionADirections: Inthissection,youwillhear8shortconversationsand2longconversations.Attheendofeachconversation,oneormorequestionswillbeaskedaboutwhatwassaid.Boththeconversationandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Aftereachquestiontherewillbeapause.Duringthepause,youmustreadthefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD),anddecidewhichisthebestanswer,thenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethoughthecentre.注意：此部分答题在答题卡2上作答。11.A)Planhisbudgetcarefully.B)Givehermoreinformation.C)Asksomeoneelseforadvice.D)Buyagiftforhisgirlfriend.12.A)She’llhavesomechocolatecake.B)She’lltakealookatthemenu.C)She’llgowithoutdessert.D)She’llpreparethedinner.13.A)Themancanspeakaforeignlanguage.B)ThewomanhopestoimproveherEnglish.C)Thewomanknowsmanydifferentlanguages.D)Themanwishestovisitmanymorecountries.14.A)Gotothelibrary.B)Meetthewoman.C)SeeProfessorSmith.D)Haveadrinkinthebar.15.A)Sheisn’tsurewhenProfessorBloomwillbeback.B)Themanshouldn’tbelateforhisclass.C)Themancancomebacksometimelater.D)Shecanpassonthemessagefortheman.
6116.A)Hehasastrangepersonality.B)He’sgotemotionalproblems.C)Hisillnessisbeyondcure.D)Hisbehaviorishardtoexplain.17.A)Theticketsaremoreexpensivethanexpected.B)Theticketsaresoldinadvanceathalfprice.C)It’sdifficulttobuytheticketsonthespot.D)It’sbettertobuytheticketsbeforehand.18.A)Heturnedsuddenlyandranintoatree.B)Hewashitbyafallenboxfromatruck.C)Hedrovetoofastandcrashedintoatruck.D)Hewastryingtoovertakethetruckaheadofhim.Questions19to21arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.19.A)TogoboatingontheSt.LawrenceRiver.B)TogosightseeinginQuebecProvince.C)TocallonafriendinQuebecCity.D)ToattendaweddinginMontreal.20.A)StudythemapofQuebecProvince.B)FindmoreaboutQuebecProvince.C)BrushuponherFrench.D)Learnmoreaboutthelocalcustoms.21.A)It’smostbeautifulinsummer.B)Ithasmanyhistoricalbuildings.C)Itwasgreatlyexpandedinthe18thcentury.D)It’stheonlyFrench-speakingcityinCanada.Questions22to25arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.22.A)Itwasaboutalittleanimal.B)Ittookhersixyearstowrite.C)Itwasadaptedfromafairytale.D)Itwasaboutalittlegirlandherpet.23.A)Sheknowshowtowritebest-sellingnovels.B)Shecanearnalotofmoneybywritingforadults.C)Sheisabletowinenoughsupportfrompublishers.D)Shecanmakealivingbydoingwhatshelikes.24.A)Thecharacters.B)Thereaders.C)Herideas.D)Herlifeexperiences.25.A)Shedoesn’treallyknowwheretheyoriginated.B)Shemainlydrewonstoriesofancientsaints.C)Theypoppedoutofherchildhooddreams.D)Theygrewoutofherlonghoursofthinking.SectionBDirections: Inthissection,youwillhear3shortpassages.Attheendofeachpassage,youwillhearsomequestions.Boththepassageandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaquestion,youmustchoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).ThenmarkthecorrespondingletterontheAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.PassageOne26.A)Monitorstudents’sleeppatterns.B)Helpstudentsconcentrateinclass.C)Recordstudents’weeklyperformance.D)Askstudentstocompleteasleepreport.27.A)Declininghealth.B)Lackofattention.C)Lossofmotivation.D)Improperbehavior.28. A)Theyshouldmakesuretheirchildrenarealwayspunctualforschool.B)Theyshouldensuretheirchildrengrowupinahealthyenvironment.
62C)Theyshouldhelptheirchildrenaccomplishhigh-qualitywork.D)Theyshouldseetoitthattheirchildrenhaveadequatesleep.PassageTwoQuestions29to32arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.29.A)Shestoppedbeingahomemaker.B)Shebecameafamouseducator.C)Shebecameapublicfigure.D)Shequitdrivingaltogether.30.A)Amotorist’sspeeding.B)Herrunningastopsign.C)Herlackofdrivingexperience.D)Amotorist’sfailuretoconcentrate.31.A)Nervousandunsureofherself.B)Calmandconfidentofherself.C)Courageousandforceful.D)Distractedandreluctant.32.A)Morestricttrainingofwomendrivers.B)Restrictionsoncellphoneusewhiledriving.C)Improvedtrafficconditionsincities.D)Newregulationstoensurechildren’ssafety.PassageThreeQuestions33to35arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.33.A)Theyhaven’tdevotedasmuchenergytomedicineastospacetravel.B)Threearetoomanykindsofcoldvirusesforthemtoidentify.C)Itisnoteconomicaltofindacureforeachtypeofcold.D)Theybelievepeoplecanrecoverwithouttreatment.34.A)Theyrevealtheseriousnessoftheproblem.B)Theyindicatehowfastthevirusspreads.C)Theytelluswhatkindofmedicinetotake.D)Theyshowourbodyisfightingthevirus.35.A)Itactuallydoesmoreharmthangood.B)Itcausesdamagetosomeorgansofourbody.C)Itworksbetterwhencombinedwithotherremedies.D)Ithelpsustorecovermuchsooner.SectionCDirections: Inthissection,youwillhearapassagethreetimes.Whenthepassageisreadforthefirsttime,youshouldlistencarefullyforitsgeneralidea.Whenthepassageisreadforthesecondtime,youarerequiredtofillintheblanksnumberedfrom36to43withtheexactwordsyouhavejustheard.Forblanksnumberedfrom44to46youarerequiredtofillinthemissinginformation.Fortheseblanks,youcaneitherusetheexactwordsyouhavejustheardorwritedownthemainpointsinyourownwords.Finally,whenthepassageisreadforthethirdtime,youshouldcheckwhatyouhavewritten.注意：此部分试题在答题卡2上；请在答题卡2上作答。Youprobablyhavenoticedthatpeopleexpresssimilarideasindifferentwaysdependingonthesituationtheyarein.Thisisvery(36)________.Alllanguageshavetwogenerallevelsof(37)________:aformallevelandaninformallevel.Englishisno(38)________.Thedifferenceinthesetwolevelsisthesituationinwhichyouusea(39)________level.Formallanguageisthekindoflanguageyoufindintextbooks,(40)________booksandinbusinessletters.YouwouldalsouseformalEnglishincompositionsand(41)________thatyouwriteinschool.Informallanguageisusedinconversationwith(42)________,familymembersandfriends,andwhenwe
63write(43)________notesorletterstoclosefriends.Formallanguageisdifferentfrominformallanguageinseveralways.First,formallanguagetendstobemorepolite.(44)________________________________.Forexample,Imightsaytoafriendorafamilymember“Closethedoor,please,”(45)________________________________.Anotherdifferencebetweenformalandinformallanguageissomeofthevocabulary.(46)________________________________.Let’ssaythatIreallylikesoccer.IfIamtalkingtomyfriendImightsay“Iamjustcrazyaboutsoccer!”ButifIweretalkingtomyboss,Iwouldprobablysay“Ireallyenjoysoccer.”PartIVReadingComprehension(readingindepth)(25minutes)SectionADirections: Inthissection,thereisapassagewithtenblanks.Youarerequiredtoselectonewordforeachblankfromalistofchoicesgiveninawordbankfollowingthepassage.Readthepassagethroughcarefullybeforemakingyourchoices.Eachchoiceinbankisidentifiedbyaletter.PleasemarkthecorrespondingletterforeachitemonAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.Youmaynotuseanyofthewordsinthebankmorethanonce.Questions47to56arebasedonthefollowingpassage.ThefloodofwomenintothejobmarketboostedeconomicgrowthandchangedU.S.societyinmanyways.Manyin-homejobsthatusedtobedone__47__bywomen—rangingfromfamilyshoppingtopreparingmealstodoing__48__work—stillneedtobedonebysomeone.Husbandsandchildrennowdosomeofthesejobs,a__49__thathaschangedthetargetmarketformanyproducts.Oraworkingwomanmayfaceacrushing“povertyoftime”andlookforhelpelsewhere,creatingopportunitiesforproducersoffrozenmeals,childcarecenters,drycleaners,financialservices,andthelike.Althoughthereisstillabigwage__50__betweenmenandwomen,theincomeworkingwomen__51__givesthemnewindependenceandbuyingpower.Forexample,womennow__52__abouthalfofallcars.Notlongago,manycarsdealers__53__womenshoppersbyignoringthemorsuggestingthattheycomebackwiththeirhusbands.Nowcarcompanieshaverealizedthatwomenare__54__customers.It’sinterestingthatsomeleadingJapanesecardealerswerethefirstto__55__payattentiontowomencustomers.InJapan,fewerwomenhavejobsorbuycars—theJapanesesocietyisstillverymuchmale-oriented.Perhapsitwasthe__56__contrastwithJapanesesocietythatpromptedAmericanfirmstopaymoreattentiontowomenbuyers.注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答A) scale I) potentialB) retailed J) gapC) generate K) voluntaryD) extreme L) excessiveE) technically M) insultedF) affordable N) purchaseG) situation O) primarilyH) really SectionB
64Directions: Thereare2passagesinthissection.Eachpassageisfollowedbysomequestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).YoushoulddecideonthebestchoiceandmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.PassageOneQuestions57to61arebasedonthefollowingpassage.ReachingnewpeaksofpopularityinNorthAmericaisIcebergWater,whichisharvestedfromicebergsoffthecoastofNewfoundland,Canada.ArthurvonWiesenberger,whocarriesthetitleWaterMaster,isoneofthefewwatercriticsinNorthAmerica.Asaboy,hespenttimeinthelargercitiesofItaly,FranceandSwitzerland,wherebottledwaterisconsumeddaily.Eventhen,hekeptawaterjournal,notingthebrandshelikedbest.“Mydogcouldtellthedifferencebetweenbottledandtapwater,”Hesays.Butisplaintapwaterallthatbad?Notatall.Infact,NewYork’smunicipalwaterformorethanacenturywascalledthechampagneoftapwateranduntilrecentlyconsideredamongthebestintheworldintermsofbothtasteandpurity.Similarly,amagazineinEnglandfoundthattapwaterfromtheThamesRivertastedbetterthanseveralleadingbrandsofbottledwaterthatwere400timesmoreexpensive.Nevertheless,soft-drinkcompaniesviewbottledwaterasthenextbattle-groundformarketshare—thisdespitethefactthatover25percentofbottledwatercomesfromtapwater:PepsiCo’sAquafinaandCoca-Cola’sDasaniarebothpurifiedtapwaterratherthanspringwater.Asdinersthirstforleadingbrands,bottlersandrestaurateurssalivate(垂涎)overtheprofits.Arestaurant’stypicalmark-uponwineis100to150percent,whereasonbottledwaterit’soften300to500percent.Butsincewaterismuchcheaperthanwine,andmanyofthefancierbrandsaren’tavailableinstores,mostdinersdon’tnoticeorcare.Asaresult,somerestaurantsareturningupthepressuretosellbottledwater.AccordingtoanarticleinTheStreetJournal,someofthemoreshamelesstacticsincludeplacingattractivebottlesonthetableforavisualsell,listingbrandsonthemenuwithoutprices,andpouringbottledwaterwithoutevenaskingthedinersiftheywantit.Regardlessofhowit’ssold,thepopularityofbottledwatertapsintoourdesireforbetterhealth,ourwishtoappearcultivated,andevenalongingforlostpurity.注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。57. WhatdoweknowaboutIcebergWaterfromthepassage?A)Itisakindoficedwater.B)Itisjustplaintapwater.C)Itisakindofbottledwater.D)Itisakindofmineralwater.58. Bysaying“Mydogcouldtellthedifferencebetweenbottledandtapwater”(Line4Para.2),vonWiesenbergerwantstoconveythemessagethat________.A)plaintapwateriscertainlyunfitfordrinkingB)bottledwaterisclearlysuperiortotapwaterC)bottledwateroftenappealsmoretodogstasteD)dogscanusuallydetectafinedifferenceintaste59. The“fancierbrands”(Line3Para.5)refersto________.A)tapwaterfromtheThamesRiver
65B)famouswinesnotsoldinordinarystoresC)PepsiCo’sAquafinaandCoca-Cola’sDasaniD)expensivebottledwaterwithimpressivenames60. Whyaresomerestaurantsturningupthepressuretosellbottledwater?A)Bottledwaterbringsinhugeprofits.B)Competitionfromthewineindustryisintense.C)Mostdinersfindbottledwateraffordable.D)Bottledwatersatisfieddiners’desiretofashionable.61. Accordingtopassage,whyisbottledwatersopopular?A)Itismuchcheaperthanwine.B)Itisconsideredhealthier.C)Itappealstomorecultivatedpeople.D)Itismorewidelypromotedinthemarket.PassageTwoAswehaveseen,thefocusofmedicalcareinoursocietyhasbeenshiftingfromcuringdiseasetopreventingdisease—especiallyintermsofchangingourmanyunhealthybehaviors,suchaspooreatinghabits,smoking,andfailuretoexercise.Thelineofthoughtinvolvedinthisshiftcanbepursuedfurther.Imagineapersonwhoisabouttherightweight,butdoesnoteatverynutritious(有营养的)foods,whofeelsOKbutexercisesonlyoccasionally,whogoestoworkeveryday,butisnotanoutstandingworker,whodrinksafewbeersathomemostnightsbutdoesnotdrivewhiledrunk,andwhohasnochestpainsorabnormalbloodcounts,butsleepsalotandoftenfeelstired.Thispersonisnotill.Hemaynotevenbeatriskforanyparticulardisease.Butwecanimaginethatthispersoncouldbealothealthier.Thefieldofmedicinehasnottraditionallydistinguishedbetweensomeonewhoismerely“notill”andsomeonewhoisinexcellenthealthandpaysattentiontothebody’sspecialneeds.Bothtypeshavesimplybeencalled“well.”Inrecentyears,however,somehealthspecialistshavebeguntoapplytheterms“well”and“wellness”onlytothosewhoareactivelystrivingtomaintainandimprovetheirhealth.Peoplewhoarewellareconcernedwithnutritionandexercise,andtheymakeapointofmonitoringtheirbody’scondition.Mostimportant,perhaps,peoplewhoarewelltakeactiveresponsibilityforallmattersrelatedtotheirhealth.Evenpeoplewhohaveaphysicaldiseaseorhandicap(缺陷)maybe“well,”inthisnewsense,iftheymakeanefforttomaintainthebestpossiblehealththeycaninthefaceoftheirphysicallimitations.“Wellness”mayperhapsbestbeviewednotasastatethatpeoplecanachieve,butasanidealthatpeoplecanstrivefor.Peoplewhoarewellarelikelytobebetterabletoresistdiseaseandtofightdiseasewhenitstrikes.Andbyfocusingattentiononhealthywaysofliving,theconceptofwellnesscanhaveabeneficialimpactonthewaysinwhichpeoplefacethechallengesofdailylife.62. Todaymedicalcareisplacingmorestresson________.A)keepingpeopleinahealthyphysicalconditionB)monitoringpatients’bodyfunctionsC)removingpeople’sbadlivinghabitsD)ensuringpeople’spsychologicalwell-being63. Inthefirstparagraph,peopleareremindedthat________.A)goodhealthismorethannotbeingillB)drinking,evenifnottoexcess,couldbeharmfulC)regularhealthchecksareessentialtokeepingfitD)preventionismoredifficultthancure
6664. Traditionally,apersonisconsidered“well”ifhe________.A)doesnothaveanyunhealthylivinghabitsB)doesnothaveanyphysicalhandicapsC)isabletohandlehisdailyroutinesD)isfreefromanykindofdisease65. Accordingtotheauthor,thetruemeaningof“wellness”isforpeople________.A)tobestsatisfytheirbody’sspecialneedsB)tostrivetomaintainthebestpossiblehealthC)tomeetthestricteststandardsofbodilyhealthD)tokeepaproperbalancebetweenworkandleisure66. Accordingtowhattheauthoradvocates,whichofthefollowinggroupsofpeoplewouldbeconsideredhealthy?A)Peoplewhohavestrongmusclesaswellasslimfigures.B)Peoplewhoarenotpresentlyexperiencinganysymptomsofdisease.C)Peoplewhotrytobeaspossible,regardlessoftheirlimitations.D)Peoplewhocanrecoverfromillnessevenwithoutseekingmedicalcare.PartVCloze(15minutes)Directions: Thereare20blanksinthefollowingpassage.ForeachblanktherearefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD)ontherightsideofthepaper.YoushouldchoosetheONEthatbestfitsintothepassage.ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.Languageisthemostastonishingbehaviorintheanimalkingdom.Itisthespecies-typicalbehaviorthatsetshumanscompletely__67__fromallotheranimals.Languageisameansofcommunication,__68__itismuchmorethanthat.Manyanimalscan__69__.Thedanceofthehoneybeecommunicatesthelocationofflowers__70__othermembersofthehive(蜂群).Buthumanlanguagepermitscommunicationaboutanything,__71__thingslikeunicorn(独角兽)thathaveneverexisted.Thekey__72__inthefactthattheunitsofmeaning,words,canbe__73__togetherindifferentways,accordingto__74__,tocommunicatedifferentmeanings.Languageisthemostimportantlearningwedo.Nothing__75__humanssomuchasourabilitytocommunicateabstractthoughts,__76__abouttheuniverse,themind,love,dreams,ororderingadrink.Itisanimmenselycomplex__77__thatwetakeforgranted.Indeed,wearenotawareofmost__78__ofourspeechandunderstanding.Considerwhathappenswhenonepersonisspeakingto__79__.Thespeakerhastotranslatethoughtsinto__80__language.Brainimagingstudiessuggestthatthetimefromthoughtstothe__81__ofspeechisextremelyfast,only0.04seconds!Thelistenermusthearthesoundsto__82__outwhatthespeakermeans.Hemustusethesoundsofspeechto__83__thewordsspoken,understandthepatternof__84__ofthewords(sentences),andfinally__85__themeaning.Thistakessomewhatlonger,aminimumofabout0.5seconds.But__86__started,itisofcourseacontinuousprocess.67. A)apartB)offC)upD)down68. A)soB)butC)orD)for69. A)transferB)transmitC)conveyD)communicate70. A)toB)fromC)overD)on71. A)onlyB)almostC)evenD)just72. A)staysB)situatesC)hidesD)lies73. A)stuckB)strungC)rungD)consisted74. A)rulesB)scalesC)lawsD)standards
6775. A)combinesB)containsC)definesD)declares76. A)whatB)whetherC)whileD)if77. A)prospectB)progressC)processD)produce78. A)aspectsB)abstractsC)anglesD)assumptions79. A)anybodyB)anotherC)otherD)everybody80. A)bodyB)gestureC)writtenD)spoken81. A)growingB)fixingC)beginningD)building82. A)putB)takeC)drawD)figure83. A)identifyB)locateC)revealD)discover84. A)performanceB)organizationC)designD)layout85. A)prescribeB)justifyC)utterD)interpret86. A)sinceB)afterC)onceD)untilPartVITranslation(5minutes)Directions: CompletethesentencesbytranslatingintoEnglishtheChinesegiveninbrackets.PleasewriteyoutranslationonAnswerSheet2.87.Specialistsininterculturalstudiessaythatitisnoteasyto______(适应不同文化中的生活).88.SincemychildhoodIhavefoundthat________(没有什么比读书对我更有吸引力).89.Thevictim________(本来会有机会活下来)ifhehadbeentakentohospitalintime.90.Somepsychologistsclaimthatpeople________(出门在外时可能会感到孤独).91.Thenation’spopulationcontinuestorise________(以每年1200万人的速度).
682006年12月23日新四级参考答案PartIWriting四级英语参考范文：TheapproachoftheChineseLunarNewYearposesanationalissueconcerningthenecessityofholdingtheCCTVSpringFestivalGala.Itsestablishedstatusisbeingchallengedbyagrowingnumberofpeople,especiallybyyoungergenerations.Itisincreasinglydifficulttocaterforalltastes.Someindividualsdeemthatitshouldbecanceledorreplacedbyotherprograms.TheseyoungpeoplefocustheirattentiononotherformsofcelebrationinsteadofimmersingthemselvesinTV.Despitethat,themajorityofmid-agedpeopleandseniorcitizensupholdtheimportanceofthetraditionalperformance.Themoststrikingfeatureofthisgalaisitstraditionallycloselinkwithordinarypeople’slives.MostofpeopleviewthisgalaasanannualstapleonthetraditionalChineseSpringFestivalEve.Theyallhavearestlessnightandgluetheireyesonthetelevision.Iamnotsupportiveoftheviewthatthegrandgalashouldbeabandoned.Undoubtedly,itplaysavitalroleinthecelebrationofChineseNewYear.Toincreaseitsappealandmeetyoungadults’need,theupcomingperformanceshouldinvitesomebignamesincludingsuperstarsfromHongKongandTaiwan.Wearealleagerlyanticipatingthisunforgettableeveningshow.PartIIReadingComprehension(SkimmingandScanning)1.N2.N3.Y4.N5.Y6.Y7.NG8. moveforward9. lookingback10. themoreyougetbackPartIIIListeningComprehension11. B 12. C 13. A 14. C 15. D16. B 17. D 18. A 19. D 20. C21. B 22. A 23. D 24. B 25. A26. C 27. B 28. D 29. C 30. D31. A 32. B 33. B 34. D 35. A36.natural37.usage38.exception39.particular40.reference41.essays42.colleagues43.personal44.Whatwemayfindinterestingisthatitusuallytakesmorewordstobepolite45.buttoastranger,Iprobablywouldsay“wouldyoumindclosingthedoor?”46.Thereareboundtobesomewordsandphrasesthatbelonginformallanguageandothersthatareinformal.PartIVReadingComprehension(ReadinginDepth)47. O 48. K 49. G 50. J51. C 52. N 53. M 54. I 55. H56. D
6957. C 58. B 59. D 60. A61. B 62. C 63. B 64. D 65. B66. C PartVCloze67. A 68. B 69. D 70. A71. C 72. D 73. B 74. A 75. C76.B 77. C 78. A 79. B 80. D81. C 82. D 83. A 84. B 85. D86. C 87.adapttolivesindifferentcultures/adapt(oneself)tolivingindifferentcultures88.nothingismoreattractive/appealingtomethanreading89.wouldhaveachancetosurvive90.mightfeellonelywhentheyareawayfromhome/mightfeellonelywhenawayfromhome91. attherateof12millionpeopleperyear/atthespeedof12millionpeopleeveryyear
702006年6月24日大学英语新四级(CET-4)真题试卷PartIWriting(30minute)注意：此部分试题在答题卡1上。Directions: Forthispart,youareallowed30minutetowriteashortessayonthetopicofstudentsselectingtheirlectures.Youshouldwriteatleast120wordsfollowingtheoutlinegivenbellow:1. 有些大学允许学生自由选择某些课程的任课教师2. 学生选择教师时所考虑的主要因素3. 学生自选任课教师的益处和可能产生的问题OnStudentsSelectingLecturersPartIIReadingcomprehension(skimmingandscanning)(15minute)Directions: Inthispart,youwillhave15minutetogooverthepassagequicklyandanswerthequestionsonAnswerSheet1.Forquestions1-7,markY(forYES) ifthestatementagreeswiththeinformationgiveninthepassage;N(forNO) ifstatementcontradictstheinformationgiveninthepassage;NG(forNOTGIVEN) iftheinformationisnotgiveninthepassage.Forquestion8-10,completethesentenceswiththeinformationgiveninthepassage.HighwaysEarlyinthe20thcentury,mostofthestreetsandroadsintheU.S.weremadeofdirt,brick,andcedarwoodblocks.Builtforhorse,carriage,andfoottraffic,theywereusuallypoorlycaredforandtoonarrowtoaccommodate(容纳)automobiles.Withtheincreaseinautoproduction,privateturnpike(收费公路)companiesunderlocalauthoritiesbegantospringup,andby1921therewere387,000milesofpavedroads.Manywerebuiltusingspecificationsof19thcenturyScottishengineersThomasTelfordandJohnMacAdam(forwhomthemacadamsurfaceisnamed),whosespecificationsstressedtheimportanceofadequatedrainage.Beyondthat,therewerenonationalstandardsforsize,weightrestrictions,orcommercialsigns.DuringWorldWarI,roadsthroughoutthecountrywerenearlydestroyedbytheweightoftrucks.WhenGeneralEisenhowerreturnedfromGermanyin1919,afterservingintheU.S.army’sfirsttranscontinentalmotorconvoy(车队),henoted:“Theoldconvoyhadstartedmethinkingaboutgood,two-lanehighways,butGermany’sAutobahnormotorwayhadmademeseethewisdomofbroaderribbonsacrosstheland.”Itwouldtakeanotherwarbeforethefederalgovernmentwouldactonanationalhighwaysystem.DuringWorldWarII,atremendousincreaseintrucksandnewroadswererequired.Thewardemonstratedhowcriticalhighwaysweretothedefenseeffort.Thirteenpercentofdefenseplantsreceivedalltheirsuppliesbytruck,andalmostallotherplantsshippedmorethanhalfoftheirproductsbyvehicle.Thewaralsorevealedthatlocalcontrolofhighwayshadledtoa
71confusingvarietyofdesignstandards.Evenfederalandstatehighwaysdidnotfollowbasicstandards.Somestatesallowedtrucksupto36,000pounds,whileothersrestrictedanythingover7,000pounds.Agovernmentstudyrecommendedanationalhighwaysystemof33,920miles,andcongresssoonpassedtheFederal-AidHighwayActof1944,whichcalledforstrict,centrallycontrolleddesigncriteria.Theinterstatehighwaysystemwasfinallylaunchedin1956andhasbeenhailedasoneofthegreatestpublicworksprojectsofthecentury.Tobuildits44,000-milewebofhighways,bridge,andtunnels,hundredsofuniqueengineeringdesignsandsolutionshadtobeworkedout.Considerthemanygeographicfeaturesofthecountry:mountains,steepgrades,wetlands,rivers,desertsandplains.Variablesincludedtheslopeoftheland,theabilityofthepavementtosupporttheload,theintensityofroaduse,andthenatureoftheunderlyingsoil.Urbanareaswereanotherproblem.Innovativedesignsofroadways,tunnels,bridges,overpasses,andinterchangesthatcouldrunthroughorbypassurbanareassoonbegantoweavetheirwayacrossthecountry,foreveralteringthefaceofAmerica.Today,theinterstatesystemlinkseverymajorcityintheU.S.,andtheU.S.withCanadaandMexico.Builtwithsafetyinmind,thehighwayshavewidelanesandshoulders,dividingmedians,orbarriers,longentryandexitlanes,curvesengineeredforsafeturns,andlimitedaccess.ThedeathrateonhighwaysishalfthatofallotherU.S.roads(0.86deathsper100millionpassengermilescomparedto1.99deathsper100milliononallotherroads).ByopeningtheNorthAmericancontinent,highwayshaveenabledconsumergoodsandservicestoreachpeopleinremoteandruralareasofthecountry,spurredthegrowthofsuburbs,andprovidedpeoplewithgreateroptionsintermofjobs,accesstoculturalprograms,healthcare,andotherbenefits.Aboveall,theinterstatesystemprovidesindividualswithwhattheycherishmost:personalfreedomofmobility.Theinterstatesystemhasbeenanessentialelementofthenation’seconomicgrowthintermsofshippingandjobcreation:morethan75percentofthenation’sfreightdeliveriesarrivebytruck;andmostproductsthatarrivebyrailorairuseinterstatesforthelastlegofthejourneybyvehicle.NotonlyhasthehighwaysystemaffectedtheAmericaneconomybyprovidingshippingroutes,ithasledtothegrowthofspin-offindustrieslikeservicestations,motels,restaurants,andshoppingcenters.Ithasallowedtherelocationofmanufacturingplantsandotherindustriesfromurbanareastorural.Bytheendofthecenturytherewasanimmensenetworkofpavedroads,residentialstreets,expressways,andfreewaysbuilttosupportmillionsofvehicles.ThehighwaysystemwasofficiallyrenamedforEisenhowertohonorhisvisionandleadership.Theyearconstructionbeganhesaid:“Together,theunitedforcesofourcommunicationandtransportationsystemsaredynamicelementsintheverynamewebear—UnitedStates.Withoutthem,wewouldbeamereallianceofmanyseparateparts.”注意：此部分试题请在答题卡1上作答。1. Nationalstandardsforpavedroadswereinplaceby1921.2. GeneralEisenhowerfeltthatthebroadGermanmotorwaysmademoresensethanthetwo-lanehighwaysofAmerica.3. Itwasinthe1950sthattheAmericangovernmentfinallytookactiontobuildanationalhighwaysystem.
724. Manyoftheproblemspresentedbythecountry’sgeographicalfeaturesfoundsolutionsininnovativeengineeringprojects.5. Inspiteofsafetyconsiderations,thedeathrateoninterstatehighwaysisstillhigherthanthatofotherAmericanroads.6. TheinterstatehighwaysystemprovidesaccessbetweenmajormilitaryinstallationsinAmerica.7. Servicestations,motelsandrestaurantspromotedthedevelopmentoftheinterstatehighwaysystem.[附：答题卡1]1. [Y][N][NG]2. [Y][N][NG]3. [Y][N][NG]4. [Y][N][NG]5. [Y][N][NG]6. [Y][N][NG]7. [Y][N][NG]8-10题请见答题卡1[附：答题卡1]8. Thegreatestbenefitbroughtaboutbytheinterstatesystemwas________.9. Trucksusingtheinterstatehighwaysdelivermorethan________.10. TheinterstatesystemwasrenamedafterEisenhowerinrecognitionof________.PartIIIListeningComprehensionSectionADirections: Inthissection,youwillhear8shortconversationsand2longconversations.Attheendofeachconversation,oneormorequestionswillbeaskedaboutwhatwassaid.Boththeconversationandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Aftereachquestiontherewillbeapause.Duringthepause,youmustreadthefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD),anddecidewhichisthebestanswer,thenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethoughthecentre.注意：此部分答题在答题卡2上作答。11. A)Thegirlsgotonwellwitheachother.B)It’sunderstandablethatgirlsdon’tgetalong.C)Shewasangrywiththeotheryoungstars.D)Thegirlslackedthecouragetofight.12. A)Thewomandoesherownhousework.B)Thewomanneedsahousekeeper.C)Thewoman’shouseisinamess.D)Thewomanworksasahousekeeper.13. A)TheEdwardsarequitewell-off.B)TheEdwardsshouldcutdownontheirlivingexpenses.C)It’llbeunwisefortheEdwardstobuyanotherhouse.D)It’stooexpensivefortheEdwardstoliveintheirpresenthouse.14. A)Thewomandidn’texpectittobesowarmatnoon.B)Thewomanissensitivetoweatherchanges.
73C)Theweatherforecastwasunreliable.D)Theweatherturnedcoldallofasudden.15.A)Ataclinic.B)Inasupermarket.C)Atarestaurant.D)Inanicecreamshop.16. A)ThewomandidnotfeelanydangergrowingupintheBronx.B)ThemanthinksitwasquitesafelivingintheBronxdistrict.C)Thewomanstartedworkingatanearlyagetosupportherfamily.D)Themandoesn’tthinkitsafetosendan8-year-oldtobuythings.17. A)Themanhasneverseenthewomanbefore.B)Thetwospeakersworkforthesamecompany.C)Thetwospeakersworkonthesamefloor.D)Thewomanisinterestedinmarketresearch.18. A)Thewomancan’ttolerateanynoise.B)Themanislookingforanapartment.C)Themanhasmissedhisappointment.D)Thewomanisgoingtotakeatraintrip.Questions19to21arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.19. A)Tomakeabusinessreporttothewoman.B)Tobeinterviewedforajobinthewoman’scompany.C)Toresignfromhispositioninthewoman’scompany.D)Toexchangestockmarketinformationwiththewoman.20. A)Heisheadofasmalltradingcompany.B)Heworksinaninternationalinsurancecompany.C)Heleadsateamofbrokersinabigcompany.D)Heisapublicrelationsofficerinasmallcompany.21. A)ThewomanthinksMr.Saundersisaskingformorethantheycanoffer.B)Mr.Saunderswillshareonethirdofthewoman’sresponsibilities.C)Mr.Saundersbelievesthathedeservesmorepaidvacations.D)ThewomanseemstobesatisfiedwithMr.Saunders’pastexperience.Questions22to25arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.22. A)She’sworriedabouttheseminar.B)Themankeepsinterruptingher.C)Shefindsittoohard.D)Shelacksinterestinit.23. A)Thelecturersareboring.B)Thecourseispoorlydesigned.C)SheprefersPhilosophytoEnglish.D)Sheenjoysliteraturemore.24.A)Karen’sfriend.B)Karen’sparents.C)Karen’slecturers.D)Karen’sherself.25.A)Changinghermajor.B)Spendinglessofherparents’money.C)GettingtransferredtotheEnglishDepartment.D)Leavingtheuniversity.SectionBDirections: Inthissection,youwillhear3shortpassages.Attheendofeachpassage,youwillhearsomequestions.Boththepassageandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaquestion,youmustchoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).ThenmarkthecorrespondingletterontheAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.注意:此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答.PassageOne
74Questions26to29arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.26. A)Rentagrave.B)Burnthebody.C)Burythedeadnearachurch.D)Buyapieceoflandforagrave.27. A)Tosolvetheproblemoflackofland.B)Toseewhethertheyhavedecayed.C)TofollowtheGreekreligiouspractice.D)Tomovethemtoamulti-storeygraveyard.28. A)Theyshouldbeburiedlyingdown.B)Theyshouldbeburiedstandingup.C)Theyshouldbeburiedafterbeingwashed.D)Theyshouldbeburiedwhenpartiallydecayed.29. A)Burningdeadbodiestoashes.B)Storingdeadbodiesinaremoteplace.C)Placingdeadbodiesinaboneroom.D)Diggingupdeadbodiesafterthreeyears.PassageTwoQuestions30to32arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.30. A)ManyforeigntouristvisittheUniteStateseveryyear.B)Americansenjoyeatingoutwiththeirfriends.C)TheUnitedStatesisacountryofimmigrants.D)Americanspreferforeignfoodstotheirownfood.31. A)Theycanmakefriendswithpeoplefromothercountries.B)Theycangettoknowpeopleofotherculturesandtheirlifestyles.C)Theycanpractisespeakingforeignlanguagesthere.D)Theycanmeetwithbusinessmenfromallovertheworld.32. A)Thecouplecookthedishesandthechildrenhelpthem.B)Thehusbanddoesthecookingandthewifeservesasthewaitress.C)Themotherdoesthecookingwhilethefatherandchildrenservingtheguests.D)Ahiredcookpreparesthedishesandthefamilymembersservetheguests.PassageThreeQuestions33to35arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.33. A)Hetookthemtowatchabasketballgame.B)HetrainedthemtoplayEuropeanfootball.C)Heletthemcompeteingettingballsoutofabasket.D)Hetaughtthemtoplayanexcitingnewgame.34. A)Theplayersfoundthebaskettoohightoreach.B)Theplayershadtroublegettingtheballoutofthebasket.C)Theplayershaddifficultyunderstandingthecomplexrules.D)Theplayerssoonfoundthegameboring.35. A)Byremovingthebottomofthebasket.B)Byloweringthepositionofthebasket.C)Bysimplifyingthecomplexrules.
75D)Byalteringthesizeofthebasket.SectionCDirections: Inthissection,youwillhearapassagethreetimes.Whenthepassageisreadforthefirsttime,youshouldlistencarefullyforitsgeneralidea.Whenthepassageisreadforthesecondtime,youarerequiredtofillintheblanksnumberedfrom36to43withtheexactwordsyouhavejustheard.Forblanksnumberedfrom44to46youarerequiredtofillinthemissinginformation.Fortheseblanks,youcaneitherusetheexactwordsyouhavejustheardorwritedownthemainpointsinyourownwords.Finally,whenthepassageisreadforthethirdtime,youshouldcheckwhatyouhavewritten.注意：此部分试题在答题卡2上；请在答题卡2上作答。ForAmericans,timeismoney.Theysay,“youonlygetsomuchtimeinthislife;you’dbetteruseitwisely.”The(36)________willnotbebetterthanthepastorpresent,asAmericanare(37)________toseethings,unlesspeopleusetheirtimeforconstructiveactivity.ThusAmericans(38)________a“well-organized”person,onewhohasawrittenlistofthinstodoanda(39)________fordoingthem.Theidealpersonispunctualandis(40)________ofotherpeople’stime.Theydonot(41)________people’stimewithconversationorotheractivitythathasno(42)________beneficialoutcome.TheAmericanattitudetowardtimeisnot(43)________sharedbyothers,especiallynon-Europeans.Theyaremorelikelytoregardtimeas(44)________________________________.Oneofthemoredifficultthingsmanystudentsmustadjusttointhestatesisthenotionthattimemustbesavedwheneverpossibleandusedwiselyeveryday.Inthecontest(45)________________________________,McDonald’s,KFC,andotherfastfoodestablishmentsaresuccessfulinacountrywheremanypeoplewanttospendtheleastamountoftimepreparingandeatingmeals.AsMcDonald’srestaurants(46)________________________________,bringingnotjusthamburgersbutanemphasisonspeed,efficiency,andshinycleanliness.PartIVReadingcomprehension(readingindepth)(25minutes)SectionADirections: Inthissection,thereisapassagewithtenblanks.Youarerequiredtoselectonewordforeachblankfromalistofchoicesgiveninawordbankfollowingthepassage.Readthepassagethroughcarefullybeforemakingyourchoices.Eachchoiceinbankisidentifiedbyaletter.PleasemarkthecorrespondingletterforeachitemonAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.Youmaynotuseanyofthewordsinthebankmorethanonce.Questions47to56arebasedonthefollowingpassage.ElNinoisnamegiventothemysteriousandoftenunpredictablechangeintheclimateoftheworld.Thisstrange__47__happenseveryfivetoeightyears.ItstartsinthePacificOceanandisthoughttobecausedbyafailureinthetradewinds(信风)，whichaffectstheoceancurrentsdrivenbythesewinds.Asthetradewindslessenin__48__,theoceantemperaturesrise,causingthePerucurrentflowinginfromtheeasttowarmupbyasmuchas5℃.Thewarmingoftheoceanhasfar-reachingeffects.Thehot,humid(潮湿的)airovertheoceancausessevere__49__thunderstorms.TherainfallisincreasedacrossSouthAmerica.__50__floodstoPeru.IntheWestpacific,therearedroughtsaffectingAustraliaandIndonesia.Sowhilesomepartsoftheworldprepareforheavyrainsandfloods,otherpartsfacedrought,poor
76cropsand__51__.ElNinousuallylastsforabout18months.The1982-83ElNinobroughtthemost__52__weatherinmodernhistory.Itseffectwasworldwideanditleftmorethan2,000peopledeadandcausedovereightbillionpounds__53__ofdamage.The1990ElNinolasteduntilJune1995.Scientists__54__thistobethelongestElNinofor2,000years.Nowadays,weatherexpertsareabletoforecastwhenanElNinowill__55__,buttheyarestillnot__56__surewhatleadstoitorwhataffectshowstrongitwillbe.A) estimate I) completelyB) strength J) destructiveC) deliberately K) starvationD) notify L) bringingE) tropical M) exhaustionF) phenomenon N) worthG) stable O) strikeH) attraction SectionBPassageOneQuestions57to61arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Communicationstechnologiesarefarfromequalwhenitcomestoconveyingthetruth.Thefirststudytocomparehonestyacrossarangeofcommunicationmediahasfundthatpeoplearetwiceaslikelytotellliesinphoneconversationsastheyareinemails.Thefactthatemailsareautomaticallyrecorded—andcancomebacktohaunt(困扰)you—appearstobethekeytothefinding.JeffHancockofCornellUniversityinIthaca,NewYork,asked30studentstokeepacommunicationsdiaryforaweek.Inittheynotedthenumberofconversationsoremailexchangestheyhadlastingmorethan10minutes,andconfessedtohowmanyliestheytold.Hancockthenworkedoutthenumberofliesperconversationforeachmedium.Hefoundthatliesmadeup14percentofemails,21percentofinstantmessages,27percentofface-to-faceinteractionsandanastonishing37percentofphonecalls.Hisresultstobepresentedattheconferenceonhuman-computerinteractioninVienna,Austria,inApril,havesurprisedpsychologists.Someexpectedemailerstobethebiggestliars,reasoningthatbecausedeceptionmakespeopleuncomfortable,thedetachment(非直接接触)ofemailingwouldmakeiteasiertolie.Othersexpectedpeopletoliemoreinface-to-faceexchangesbecausewearemostpractisedatthatformofcommunication.ButHancocksaysitisalsocrucialwhetheraconversationisbeingrecordedandcouldbereread,andwhetheritoccursinrealtime.Peopleappeartobeafraidtoliewhentheyknowthecommunicationcouldlaterbeusedtoholdthemtoaccount,hesays.Thisiswhyfewerliesappearinemailthanonthephone.Peoplearealsomorelikelytolieinrealtime—inainstantmessageorphonecall,say—thaniftheyhavetimetothinkofaresponse,saysHancock.Hefoundmanyliesarespontaneous(脱口而出的)responsestoanunexpecteddemand,suchas:“Doyoulikemydress?”Hancockhopeshisresearchwillhelpcompaniesworkourthebestwaysfortheiremployeestocommunicate.Forinstance,thephonemightbethebestmediumfoesaleswhereemployeesare
77encouragedtostretchthetruth.But,givenhisresult,workassessmentwherehonestyisapriority,mightbebestdoneusingemail.注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。57. Hancock’sstudyfocuseson________.A)theconsequencesoflyinginvariouscommunicationsmediaB)thesuccessofcommunicationstechnologiesinconveyingideasC)peoplearelesslikelytolieininstantmessagesD)people’shonestylevelsacrossarangeofcommunicationsmedia58. Hancock’sresearchfindingsurprisedthosewhobelievedthat________.A)peoplearelesslikelytolieininstantmessagesB)peopleareunlikelytolieinface-to-faceinteractionsC)peoplearemostlikelytolieinemailcommunicationD)peoplearetwiceaslikelytolieinphoneconversations59. Accordingtothepassage,whyarepeoplemorelikelytotellthetruththroughcertainmediaofcommunication?A)Theyareafraidofleavingbehindtracesoftheirlies.B)Theybelievethathonestyisthebestpolicy.C)Theytendtoberelaxedwhenusingthosemedia.D)Theyaremostpractisedatthoseformsofcommunication.60. AccordingtoHancockthetelephoneisapreferablemediumforpromotingsalesbecause________.A)salesmencantalkdirectlytotheircustomersB)salesmenmayfeellessrestrainedtoexaggerateC)salesmencanimpresscustomersasbeingtrustworthyD)salesmenmaypassoninstantmessageseffectively61. Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethat________.A)honestyshouldbeencouragedininterpersonalcommunicationsB)moreemployerswilluseemailstocommunicatewiththeiremployeesC)suitablemediashouldbechosenfordifferentcommunicationpurposesD)emailisnowthedominantmediumofcommunicationwithinacompanyPassageTwoQuestions62to66arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Inacountrythatdefinesitselfbyideals,notbysharedblood,whoshouldbeallowedtocomeworkandlivehere?InthewakeoftheSept.11attacksthesequestionshaveneverseemedmorepressing.OnDec.11,2001,aspartoftheefforttoincreasehomelandsecurity,federalandlocalauthoritiesin14statesstaged“OperationSafeTravel”—raidsonairportstoarrestemployeeswithfalseidentification(身份证明).InSaltLakeCitytherewere69arrests.Butthosecapturedwereanythingbutterrorists,mostofthemillegalimmigrantsfromCentralorSouthAmerica.Authoritiessaidtheundocumentedworkers’illegalstatusmadethemopentoblackmail(讹诈)byterrorists.ManyimmigrantsinSaltLakeCitywereangeredbythearrestsandsaidtheyfeltasiftheywerebeingtreatedlikedisposablegoods.MayorAndersonsaidthosefeelingswerejustifiedtoacertainextent.“We’resayingwewant
78youtoworkintheseplaces,we’regoingtolooktheotherwayintermsofwhatourlawsare,andthenwhenit’sconvenientforus,orwhenwecantrytomakeapointintermsofnationalsecurity,especiallyafterSept.11,thenyou’redisposable.Therearewholefamiliesbeinguprootedforallofthewrongreasons,”Andersonsaid.IfSept.11hadneverhappened,theairportworkerswouldnothavebeenarrestedandcouldhavegoneonquietlylivinginAmerica,probablyindefinitely.AnaCastro,amanagerataBen&Jerry’sicecreamshopattheairporthadbeenworking10yearswiththesamefalseSocialSecuritycardwhenshewasarrestedintheDecemberairportraid.Nowsheandherfamilyarelivingunderthethreatofdeportation(驱逐出境).Castro’scaseiscurrentlywaitingtobesettled.Whilesheawaitstheoutcome,thegovernmenthasgrantedherpermissiontoworkhereandshehasreturnedtoherjobatBen&Jerry’s.62. Accordingtotheauthor,theUnitedStatesclaimstobeanation________.A)composedofpeoplehavingdifferentvaluesB)encouragingindividualpursuitsC)sharingcommoninterestsD)foundedonsharedideals63. HowdidtheimmigrantsinSaltLakeCityfeelabout“OperationSafeTravel”?A)Guilty.B)Offended.C)Disappointed.D)Discouraged.64. Undocumentedworkersbecamethetargetof“OperationSafeTravel”because________.A)evidencewasfoundthattheywerepotentialterroristsB)mostofthemworkedatairportsunderthreatofterroristsC)terroristsmighttakeadvantageoftheirillegalstatusD)theywerereportedlyhelpinghideterroristsaroundtheairport65. Bysaying“...we’regoingtolooktheotherwayintermsofwhatourlawsare”(Line2,Para.4),MayorAndersonmeans“________”.A)wewillturnablindeyetoyourillegalstatusB)wewillexaminethelawsinadifferentwayC)thereareotherwaysofenforcingthelawD)theexistinglawsmustnotbeignored66. WhatdowelearnaboutAnaCastrofromthelastparagraph?A)Shewillbedeportedsoonerorlater.B)Sheisallowedtostaypermanently.C)Hercasehasbeendropped.D)Herfateremainsuncertain.PartVCloze(15minutes)Directions: Thereare20blanksinthefollowingpassage.ForeachblanktherearefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD)ontherightsideofthepaper.YoushouldchoosetheONEthatbestfitsintothepassage.ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.Doyouwakeupeverydayfeelingtootired,orevenupset?Ifso,thenanewalarmclockcouldbejustforyou.Theclock,calledSleepSmart,measuresyoursleepcycle,andwaits__67__youtobeinyourlightestphaseofsleep__68__rousingyou.Itsmakerssaythatshould__69__youwakeupfeelingrefreshedeverymorning.Asyousleepyoupass__70__asequenceofsleepstates—lightsleep,deepsleepandREM(rapideyemovement)sleep—that__71__approximatelyevery90minutes.Thepointinthatcycleatwhichyouwakecan__72__howyoufeellater,andmay__73__haveagreaterimpactthan
79howmuchorlittleyouhaveslept.Beingrousedduringalightphase__74__youaremorelikelytowakeupenergetic.SleepSmart__75__thedistinctpatternofbrainwaves__76__duringeachphaseofsleep,viaaheadbandequipped__77__electrodes(电极)andamicroprocessor.Thismeasurestheelectricalactivityofthewearer’sbrain,inmuchthe__78__wayassomemachinesusedformedicalandresearch__79__,andcommunicateswirelesslywithaclockunitnearthebed.You__80__theclockwiththelatesttimeat__81__youwanttobewakened,andit__82__duly(适时地)wakesyouduringthelastlightsleepphasebeforethat.The__83__wasinventedbyagroupofstudentsatBrownUniversityinRhodeIsland__84__afriendcomplainedofwakinguptiredandperformingpoorlyonatest.“__85__sleep-deprivedpeopleourselves,westartedthinkingof__86__todoaboutit,”saysEricShashoua,arecentcollegegraduateandnowchiefexecutiveofficerofAxonSleepResearchLaboratories,acompanycreatedbythestudentstodeveloptheiridea.67. A)besideB)nearC)forD)around68. A)uponB)beforeC)towardsD)till69. A)ensureB)assureC)requireD)request70. A)throughB)intoC)aboutD)on71. A)revealsB)reversesC)resumesD)repeats72. A)effectB)affectC)reflectD)perfect73. A)alreadyB)everC)neverD)even74. A)meansB)marksC)saysD)dictates75. A)removesB)relievesC)recordsD)recalls76. A)proceededB)producedC)pronouncedD)progressed77. A)byB)ofC)withD)over78. A)familiarB)similarC)identicalD)same79. A)findingsB)prospectsC)proposalsD)purposes80. A)promptB)programC)plugD)plan81. A)whereB)thisC)whichD)that82. A)thenB)alsoC)almostD)yet83. A)claimB)conclusionC)conceptD)explanation84. A)onceB)afterC)sinceD)while85. A)BesidesB)DespiteC)ToD)As86. A)whatB)howC)whetherD)whenPartVITranslation(5minutes)Directions: CompletethesentencesonAnswerSheet2bytranslatingintoEnglishtheChinesegiveninbrackets.87.Havingspentsometimeinthecity,hehadnotrouble________(找到去历史博物馆的路).88.________(为了挣钱供我上学)，Motheroftentakesonmoreworkthanisgoodforher.89.Theprofessorrequiredthat________(我们交研究报告)。90.Themoreyouexplain,________(我愈糊涂).91.Thoughaskilledworker,________(他被公司解雇了)lastweekbecauseoftheeconomiccrisis.
802006年6月24日新四级参考答案范文：OnStudentsChoosingLecturersNowadays,someuniversitiesgivestudentstherighttochoosewhoteachessomeoftheirclasses.Thishasledtosomedebateoverwhetherstudentsshouldbegiventhismuchpower.Thereareseveralfactorsthatstudentsconsiderwhenchoosingalecturer,includingtheteachingstyleofthelecturer,thelecturer’sacademicbackground,andthelecturer’sreputationamongstudents.Theideallecturerisonewhohasaninterestingteachingstyle,adiverseacademicbackground,andagoodreputationamongstudents.Therearebothpositiveandnegativeaspectstoallowingstudentstochoosetheirlecturers.Givingstudentsthechoiceencouragesthemtotakeownershipfortheirclasses,andalsoputspressureonteacherstoimprovetheirteachingquality.However,thefactorsthatstudentsconsidermightnotbetheonesthatleadtothehighestqualityofeducation.Schoolsmightendupwithlecturerswhoteachinterestingclasseswithoutmuchcontent.1.N2.Y3.Y4.Y5.N6.NG7.N8.Thegreatestbenefitbroughtaboutbytheinterstatesystemwaspersonalfreedomofmobility9.Trucksusingtheinterstatehighwaysdelivermorethan75percent10.TheinterstatesystemwasrenamedafterEisenhowerinrecognitionhisvisionandleadership11. A 12. A 13. C 14. D 15. C16. A 17. B 18. B 19. B 20. C21. D 22. D 23. C 24. B 25. D26. D 27. A 28. B 29. A 30. C31. B 32. C 33. D 34. B 35. A36.future37.trained38.admire39.schedule40.considerate41.waste42.visible43. necessarily44. somethingthatissimplytherearoundthem,notsomethingtheycanuse45. thefastfoodindustrycanbeseenasaclearexampleofAmericanculturalproduct46. spreadaroundtheworld,theyhavebeenviewedassymbolsofAmericansocietyandculture47. Fphenomenon48. Bstrength49. Etropical50. Lbringing51. Kstarvation52. Jdestructive53. Nworth54. Aestimate55. Ostrike56. Icompletely57. D 58. C 59. A 60. B61. C 62. D 63. B 64. C 65. C66. D 67. C 68. B 69. A 70. A71. D 72. B 73. D 74. A 75. C
8176. B 77. C 78. D 79. D 80. B81. C 82. A 83. C 84. B 85. D86. A 87. findingthewaytothehistorymuseum88. Inordertosupportmyuniversitystudies(tofinancemyeducation)89. wehandinourresearchreport(s)90. themoreconfusedIam91. hewasfiredbythecompany
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