资源描述：
《备战高考2023年全国通用英语复习考点汇编17 关系代词和关系副词引导的定语从句（重难考点原卷版)》由会员上传分享，免费在线阅读，更多相关内容在教育资源-天天文库。
关系代词和关系副词引导的定语从句（重难考点精讲练）定语从句在高考的基础知识方面的考查主要体现在单选题、语法填空及短文改错中，在单项选择中主要考查定语从句的一些基本用法，如常见关系词的选择，在选择的过程中，一定要注意限制性与非限制性定语从句的区别，定语从句与名词性从句，及状语从句的引导词的区别等，有时也会与其他修饰性的句型结构之间进行误导性考查，如与强调句性等，所以重点掌握的是从高考题中总结规律，达到熟练应用。定语从句是历年高考的重点，主要考查常见关系代词和关系副词的用法，比如which/that/as/when/where的用法及区别性的选择等，及与其他从句如名词性从句的区别等。在高考的中主要体现在语法填空，短文改错，完型填空等中。一、关系代词引导的定语从句考向一常见关系代词的基本用法1.that可指人或物；在定语从句中作主语，宾语，表语。指人时，相当于who或whom；指物时，相当于which。不能引导非限制性定语从句；不可置于介词后作宾语。2.which指物；在定语从句中作主语，宾语。如：Thebookwhich/thatwasonthedeskwasboughtbymyfather.（主语）3.who,whom,whose（1）who:主格,在从句中作主语，只可指人（2）whom:宾格，在从句中只能作宾语;只可指人（3）whose:表所属关系，在从句中作定语。译为：某人的，某物的（4）whose+名词=the+n.+ofwhich(某物的)=he+n.+ofwhom(某人的)注意：①关系代词作介词宾语(在定语从句中，介词提前时，介词后：表人用whom；表物用which)②关系代词在定语从句中用作介词宾语时,介词可放于从句之首,也可放于从句之末.但以放于句首较为正式.（介词前置，必须注意不影响动词词组的含义。关系代词who和that用作介词宾语时,介词必须放在句末。）4.asas引导定语从句,在定语从句中作主语、宾语、表语（1）如为限制性的，多用于thesame…as;thesameas(与……相同)；such…as…（如此，这样）;asmany/muchas（和……一样多）；so/as…as（与……一样）等结构中。如：（2）如为非限制性的，as还可以单独引导一个定语从句，代替整个主句，这种定语从句可置于句首，句中或句尾，译为＂正如，这一点＂。（动词常为know,see,expect,pointout,etc.）Asweallknow,smokingisharmfultoone'shealth.(as作宾语)众所周知，吸烟有害健康。学科网（北京）股份有限公司
1’1.Forthose________ wanttoseethefilm,putdownyournames,please.2.Thegovernmenthascarriedoutseveralnewplans,________benefitsarevariousandobvious.考向二that、which的辨析1.只能用that，不能用which的情况（1）先行词是all，something，everything，anything，nothing，little，much，few等不定代词或先行词被all，any，every，no，little，much，some等词修饰。☞Allthepeoplethatcomefromthecountryworkmuchharder.所有来自农村的人工作都更努力得多。（2）先行词被序数词、形容词最高级、theonly，thevery，thelast等修饰时，关系代词通常只用that，不用which.如：☞ThefirstEnglishnovelthatIreadwasCities.我读的第一本英文小说是《城市》。☞ThisisoneofthemostexcitingfootballgamesthatIhaveeverseen.这是我见过的最激动人心的足球比赛之一。☞Thisistheonlythingthatwecandonow.这是我们现在惟一能做的事情。（3）先行词既有人又有物时，关系代词只用that，不用which.如：☞Thescientistandhisachievementsthatyoutoldmeaboutareadmiredbyusall.我们所有人都钦佩你告诉我的那位科学家和他所取得的成就。☞TheforeignvisitorsspokehighlyofthepioneersandtheirperformancesthattheysawattheChildren’sPalace.外国游客高度赞扬了他们在少年宫所看到的少先队员以及他们的表演。（4）关系代词在限定性定语从句中作表语并带有类比含义时，通常只用that，不用which.如：☞ Heisnolongerthestarthathewas.他不再是过去的那位明星了。☞ Ourschoolisnolongertheschoolthatitusedtobe.我们的学校不再是以前的那所学校了。（5）句中其他位置已出现which，为避免重复，不用which而用that引导限定性定语从句。如：☞Whichisthecarthathasovertakenus？超过我们的是哪辆车？2.只用which，不能用that的情况学科网（北京）股份有限公司
2（1）在介词提前到关系代词之前形成“介词＋关系代词”结构来修饰表事物的先行词时，关系代词必须用which.如：☞Thehouseinwhichweliveisverylarge.我们住的房子非常大。☞Thisisthereferencebookofwhichtheteacherisspeaking.这就是老师正在谈及的那本参考书。注意：如果介词不放在修饰事物的限定性定语从句的句首，which就可换为that，如：☞Thisisthequestionwhich/thatwe’vehadsomuchdiscussionabout.=Thisisthequestionaboutwhichwe’vehadsomuchdiscussion.这就是我们已经多次讨论过的问题。（2）先行词为“those＋表事物的复数名词”时，关系代词通常只用which而不用that.例如：☞Studentsshouldkeepinmindthoseregulationswhichrestricttheirbehavior.学生应牢记那些规范自己的行为准则。☞Abookshopshoulddealwithavarietyofthosebestsellerswhicharenewlypublished.书店应该经营新出版的各种畅销书。（3）当先行词指物，关系词在句中作主语或宾语，引导非限制性定语从句的关系词只能用which，而不用that。\1.Shesaidshewoulddoanything________couldhelphermotherrecoverfromthedisease.2.Thereweremanyfansinthesocialmedia________ expressedtheirsadnessoverJinYong'sdeath.3.Thisisthemostinterestingbook________Ihaveread.二、关系副词引导的定语从句1.关系副词when，where，why的先行词是表示时间、地点或原因(一般为reason)的名词，在从句中作状语。有时可用＂介词＋which＂结构替换。☞IstillrememberthedaywhenIfirstcametoBeijing.我还记得我第一次来北京的那天。2.当定语从句中缺少主语或宾语时，即使先行词是表示时间、地点和原因的词仍用which/that。☞Isthisthereason(that)heexplainedforhisrudenessatthemeeting?这是他在会议上解释的无礼的原因吗？3.当先行词为一些表示抽象地点的名词，如：point，situation，case，stage等，如果引导词在从句中作状语，常用关系副词where引导定语从句；如果不作状语，则用关系代词that/which。☞Themediacanoftenhelpsolveproblemsanddrawattentiontosituationswherehelpisneeded.媒体经常能够帮助解决问题，把注意力吸引到需要帮助的情况。关系代词和关系副词的选择用法依据学科网（北京）股份有限公司
3根据从句谓语动词若是及物动词，后面若无宾语，用关系代词；若是不及物动词则用关系副词。根据关系词在从句中作的成分把关系词放进定语从句中，若作主语或宾语用关系代词；作状语则用关系副词。单句语法填空。1.TherewasatimeinEngland________peoplecouldnotputupwitheachother'sideas.2.Lifeislikearace________weallcompetewithourselvesagainsttime.3.Nextmonth,________ wewillspendourwinterholidaysinourhometown,isapproaching.1.（2021·成都三诊·短文改错）IhadaconcertticketforashowthatIcouldn'tattendit.2.（2021·天津十二区县联考2·单项填空·T10）Seniorfamilymembers,especiallyparents,shouldcreateanatmosphere________childrencanbeencouragedtopourouttheirhearthappily.A.thatB.whereC.whatD.which3.（2021·天津市5月压轴模拟·单项填空·T15）Learninganotherlanguageislikesteppingoutofadoor,______Icanlookbackandseemoreclearlymyownlanguage.A．BywhichB．throughwhichC．whichD．onwhich4.（2021·天津宝坻区三模·单项填空·T8）Youmaythinkofgivingupstudy,in____________casejustthinkitoverbeforemakingthedecision.A.thatB.whichC.whoseD.where5.（2021·天津和平区三模·单项填空·T4）________iswidelyaccepted,intheMiddleEastArabsgreeteachotherbytouchingnoses,butthisisnotapolitewayofgreetinginothercultures.A.AsB.ItC.WhichD.What6.（2021·天津和平区一模·单项填空·T14）Goforawalkinthecountryside,youcanenjoythebeautifulviewsandapeacefulatmosphere.A.whenB.whichC.whereD.what7.（2021·天津河东区二模·单项填空·T8）Ithinkyou'vegottothepoint________achangeisneeded,otherwiseyou'llfail.A.whenB.whereC.thatD.which8.（2021·天津河西区三模·单项填空·T14）Swimmingisgoodforteenagers,________someexpertssaywillhelpthemtostimulatetheirpotentialandpromotetheirbraindevelopment.A.whichB.whyC.WhomD.what9.（2021·南开中学5月模拟·单项填空·T10）Salesdirectorisaposition________communication学科网（北京）股份有限公司
4abilityisjustasimportantassales.A.whichB.whereC.whenD.why10.（2021·天津芦台一中六模·单项填空·T12）ThereareagreatnumberofattractionsinTianjin,______IliketheAncientCulturalStreetbest.A.whichB.whereC.amongthemD.amongwhich11.（2021·天津十二区县一模·单项填空·T6）Atlastwefoundapathleadingtothetopofthemountain,________wesawabeautifulsunrise.A.inwhereB.inwhichC.whichD.fromwhere12.（2021·天津杨村一中一模·单项填空·T10）Children,inmyopinion,____creativeabilityisunbelievablyrich,shouldbetrainedinthatarea.A.whichB.whatC.whoD.whose13.（2021·天津齐齐哈尔市三模·短文改错）Ihaveapetcat,whichnameisLucky.Shehaswhitehairandtwobigeyes.14.（2021•天津滨海学校开学模拟•单项填空•T4）Betweenthetwopartsoftheconcertisaninterval,________theaudiencecanbuyicecream.A.whenB.whereC.thatD.which15.（2021•大港一中入学模拟•单项填空•T3）Inthedarkstreet,theywasn’tasingleperson,_______shecouldturnforhelp.A.towhomB.whomC.towhichD.which16.（2021•天津和平区期中模拟•单项填空•T5）Wewillalwaysrememberthemoment_______myclassmateLiChongcrossedthefinishline.A.whenB.whereC.thatD.whose17.（2021•天津河西区期中模拟•单项填空•T13）"Thethirstforknowledgeisthestrongest__________thereisabarrier,"saysthepresidentoftheltalianUnionoftheBlind．A.whichB.whereC.sinceD.unless18.（2021•天津河西区期中模拟•单项填空•T15）Betweenthetwohalvesofthefootballgameisa15-minutebreak,__________theaudiencecanhavearest．A.whenB.whereC.whichD.that19.（2021•天津河西区期末模拟•单项填空•T7）Aftergraduatingfromcollege，Itooksometimeofftogotravelling，______turnedouttobeawisedecision.A.thatB.which学科网（北京）股份有限公司
5C.whenD.where20.（2021•红桥区期中模拟•单项填空•T9）Ican’thelpbutrememberthepreciouschild______smilehasbroughtmecountlesshoursofjoythroughouttheyears.A.whoseB.whoC.whomD.ofwhich21.（2021•天津红桥区期中模拟•单项填空•T12）StephenHawkingbelievesthattheearthisunlikelytobetheonlyplanet lifehasdevelopedgradually.A.thatB.whereC.whichD.whose22.（2021•天津静海区四校12月模拟•单项填空•T4）Therewasalongwaitatthereceptiondesk,______everyonewascheckingin.A.whyB.whichC.whomD.where23.（2021•静海区一中1月模拟•单项填空•T10）Children,inmyopinion,________creativeabilityisunbelievablyrich,________isseldomnoticedbyus,shouldbetrainedinthatarea.A.which;thatB.which;whatC.what;whoD.whose;which24.（2021•南开区3月模拟•单项填空•T7）Theresultisnotthesametheyhadexpected,wasratherdisappointing.A.what,asB.as,thatC.that,whichD.as,which25.（2021•南开区期中模拟•单项填空•T10）Studentsshouldinvolvethemselvesincommunityactivitiestheycangainexperienceforgrowth.A.whoB.whenC.whichD.where26.（2021•南开中学一模•单项填空•T5）TVshowprovideswomenastage__________theyshowtheirnaturaltalent,ratherthantheirlooks.A.thatB.whatC.whereD.when27.（2021•天津滨海七校联考•单项填空•T10）Toimprovelearningefficiency,studentsmustspendmoretimefocusingontheskills__________theyareweakin.A.whatB.whereC.whenD.which28.（2021•天津市八校期中模拟•单项填空•T7）The2020ChinaInternationalFairforTradeinservices,______themeis“GlobalServices,SharedProsperity”,attractedworldwideattention.A.itsB.whoseC.whichD.where学科网（北京）股份有限公司
629.（2021•天津市六校期末模拟•单项填空•T3）Inthepastfewyears,hehascollectedalotofancientcoins,__________datebacktotheMingandQingDynasties.A.mostofthemB.mostofthatC.mostofwhichD.mostofwhom30.（2021•合肥市二模•短文改错）"Look,here'sanothersnowman,"shoutedMaomao,joyfullyclappinghishands.Itwasourgrandpawhogreyhairwasblowinginthewind.31.（2021•珠海市二模•语法填空•T1）Sanxingdui(三星堆)isbelievedtohavesatattheheartoftheShustate,____1____historiansknowlittleaboutbecauseofthelackofwrittenrecords.32.（2021•肇庆市三模•语法填空•T5）LesssnowcoverinthemountainsisimportantintheWestandAlaska,____5____willgreatlyreducethechancesofdisasterscausedbytoomuchsnow.33.（2021•漳州一中新高考模拟•语法填空•T1）LouisCha(Chinese:ChaLeungYung;10March1924-30October2018),betterknownbyhispennameJinYong,wasaChinesewuxianovelistandessayist,___1___co-foundedtheHongKongdailynewspaperMingBaoin1959andservedasthefirsteditor-in-chief.34.（2021•玉林市一模•语法填空•T4）Itreflectstheculture____4____foolingandcomplainingispartofeverydaylife.35.（2021•永春县第三次联考•语法填空•T4）ShediscoveredArtemisinin（青蒿素）,adrug____4____hassignificantlyreducedthedeathratesforpatientssufferingfrommalaria.“ArtemisininisagiftfortheworldpeoplefromthetraditionalChinesemedicine.【2022】1.（2022年全国甲卷语法填空）Onthe1,100.Kilometerjourney,themanCaoShengkang,___62___losthiseyesightattheageofeightinacaraccident,crossed40citiesandcountiesinthreeprovince.2.（2022年全国乙卷短文改错）Theyoftenrunathighspeeds,whatmayputourlivesindanger.3.(2022年全国高考新高考I卷语法填空)TheGPNPisintendedtoprovidestrongerprotectionforallthespecies___65___livewithintheGiantPandaRangeandsignificantlyimprovethehealthoftheecosysteminthearea.【2021】1.BMIisaninternationallyrecognizedmeasurementtool________givesanindicationofwhethersomeoneisahealthyweight.(2021浙江卷)学科网（北京）股份有限公司
72.Whenyousleep,yourbrainsortsthrougheverything________happenedduringtheday,tryingtolinknewexperiencestooldmemories.(2021北京卷)3.WilliamHastieoncesuggestedthathistoryinformsusofpastmistakes________wecanlearnwithoutrepeatingthem.(2021天津卷)4.AttheChineseartfestival,therearedifferentstands________artistsdemonstratetheirskillsandteachthevisitors.(2021天津卷)【2020】1.（2020·新课标II卷·短文改错）Thankyouforyourletter,whatreallymademehappy.2.（2020·新课标III卷·语法填空）InancientChinalivedanartist61paintingswerealmostlifelike.3.（2020·新课标III卷·短文改错）Understandinghergoodintentions,IeatallthefoodwhatisprovidedbyMomwithappreciation.4.（2020·山东新高考·语法填空）The80,000objectscollectedbySirHansSloane,forexample,formed(form)thecorecollectionoftheBritishMuseum39openedin1759.5.（2020·新课标I卷·语法填空）Becausethemoon’sbodyblocksdirectradiocommunicationwithaprobe,Chinafirsthadtoputasatelliteinorbitabovethemooninaspot63itcouldsendsignalstothespacecraftandtoEarth.6.（2020·天津卷·单项填空）7.Mr.Smithownedthisoilpaintinguntiltheearly1990s,____________hegaveittohisgrandson.A.whichB.whenC.whereD.who【2019-2018】7.（2019·新课标II卷·语法填空）NowIreneAstburyworksfrom9amto5pmdailyatthepetshopinMacclesfield，___62___sheopenedwithherlatehusbandLes.8.（2019·北京卷·语法填空）Thestudentsbenefittingmostfromcollegearethose___9___aretotallyengaged(参与)inacademiclife.9.（2019·浙江卷·语法填空）Ontheedgeofthejacket,thereisapieceofcloth___58___givesofflightinthedark.10.（2019·新课标III卷·短文改错）Inthecafe,customerswillenjoythemselvesinthehistoricalenvironmentwhatiscreatedforthem.11.(2018·新课标卷II·语法填空)TheChineseMinistryofAgriculturefindsthatbetween2005—whenthegovernmentstartedasoil-testingprogram___69___givesspecificfertilizerrecommendationstofarmers-and2011,fertilizerusedroppedby7.7milliontons.12.(2018·江苏卷·单项填空)Self-driving is an area _______China and the rest of the world are on the same startingline.A.thatB.whereC.whichD.when13.(2018·天津卷·单项填空)Kae,_________sisterIsharedaroomwithwhenwewereatcollege,hasgonetoworkinAustralia.A.whomB.that学科网（北京）股份有限公司
8C.whoseD.her14.（2019·天津卷·单项填空）Theirchildisatthestage__________shecansayindividualwordsbutnotfullsentences.A.whyB.whereC.whichD.what15.（2019·新课标I卷·短文改错）OneafternoonwhereIwasinprimaryschool,Iwaswalkingbytheschoolplayground.16.（2019·北京卷·语法填空）Whatstudentsdoatcollegeseemstomattermuchmorethan___8___theygo.17.（2018·新课标I卷·短文改错）Theyalsohadasmallpondwhichtheyraisedfish.Mygrandpasaidlastsummertheyearnedquitealotbysellingthefish.学科网（北京）股份有限公司
