自考英语阅读语法及课后翻译

《自考英语阅读语法及课后翻译》由会员上传分享，免费在线阅读，更多相关内容在工程资料-天天文库。

1、一、语法Grammar&UsageSubject-VerbAgreement(I)1．主谓一致的三条原则1）语法一致，即在语法形式上取得一致。Humanbeingsenjoylearning.Everybody’sunderstandingisincomplete.2）意义一致，即根据意义来处理一致关系。Thepeopletherearefightingfortheindependenceoftheircountry.Thedollarswasalotofmoneyatthattime.3)就近原则，即谓语动词的单、复

2、数形式取决于最靠近它的词语。Thereisapen,twopencilsandaneraserinthepencilbox.Neithertheboynorhisteachersknowtheanswer.2．集体名词作主语时与动词的一致1）当主语为furniture，equipment，machinery等词时，谓语动词通常用单数。ThefurnitureinthatshopisallmadeinChina.Officeequipmentisveryexpensivenowadays.Alotofnewmachine

3、ryhasbeeninstalled.2）集体名词如people，cattle，police，poultry，等往往作复数用。Somepeopledrivemadlyinthiscountry.Manycattlehavediedbecauseofthefold.Thepolicehavebeensenttherebuttheyhavenotmadeanyarrestsyet.Poultryareplentifulinthatmountainregion.3)family,government,class,commit

4、tee,audience,team,public等词被视做一个整体时，其后的动词作单数；被视做为构成整体的个体时，其后的动词则为复数。Hisfamilyisahappyone.Hisfamilyareallinterestedinstamp-collecting.TheDemocraticGovernmentisinpowernow.Thegovernmentis/areconsideringfurthertaxcuts.Theaudiencewasveryquitewhenhewasgivinghisspeech.T

5、heaudiencewereshoutingandlaughingwhenhecameintothehall.Ourclassisthetopclassinthegrade.Theclassarebusytakingnotes.3．并列主语与动词的一致1）当“名词+名词”表示一种事物时，用单数动词。BaconandeggsisaverypopularBritishbreakfast.Toastandmarmalade(果酱面包)ismyfavoritebreakfast.Fishandchips(炸鱼与土豆片)isse

6、rvedeveryday.2）当主语是由and，both….and连接的并列结构时，如果主语所指的不是一种事物，动词则用复数形式。JackandMaryareinlovewitheachother.BothTomandJohnareabsenttoday.War,famineanddroughthaveclaimedthousandsoflivesinthatcountry.3)在又or或nor连接的并列结构中，动词单、复数形式一般与or或nor后边的名词或代词保持一致。Heorhisbrothersaretoblam

7、eforthis.Eitheryouoryourfriendhastopaythebill.Eitherhisfatherorhismothercomestoseehimeveryday.Whencouplesquarrel,(either)thewifeorthehusbandhastogivein.Neithershenoryouaremistaken.Neitherthemanagernortheclerksarecollegegraduates.4)notonly…butalso连接的结构做主语时，动词的单、复

8、数形式依据butalso后的名词或代词。NotonlyFredbutalsohisparentslovethissmallpetdog.Notonlytheboysbutalsotheirmotherisveryell.课后练习TranslatethefollowingintoEnglish.1)Usetheverb+nounco