自考英语二语法及课后翻译

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1、自考英语二语法及课后翻译　一、语法Grammar&Usage　　Subject-VerbAgreement(I)　　1.主谓一致的三条原则　　1)语法一致，即在语法形式上取得一致。　　Humanbeingsenjoylearning.　　Everybody’sunderstandingisincomplete.　　2)意义一致，即根据意义来处理一致关系。　　Thepeopletherearefightingfortheindependenceoftheircountry.　　Thedollarswasalotofmoneyatthattime.　　3)就近原则，即谓语动词的

2、单、复数形式取决于最靠近它的词语。　　Thereisapen,twopencilsandaneraserinthepencilbox.　　Neithertheboynorhisteachersknowtheanswer.　　2.集体名词作主语时与动词的一致　　1)当主语为furniture，equipment，machinery等词时，谓语动词通常用单数。　　ThefurnitureinthatshopisallmadeinChina.　　Officeequipmentisveryexpensivenowadays.　　Alotofnewmachineryhasbeenin

3、stalled.转自学易网www.studyez.com　　2)集体名词如people，cattle，police，poultry，等往往作复数用。　　Somepeopledrivemadlyinthiscountry.　　Manycattlehavediedbecauseofthefold.　　Thepolicehavebeensenttherebuttheyhavenotmadeanyarrestsyet.　　Poultryareplentifulinthatmountainregion.　　3)family,government,class,committee,aud

4、ience,team,public等词被视做一个整体时，其后的动词作单数;被视做为构成整体的个体时，其后的动词则为复数。　　Hisfamilyisahappyone.　　Hisfamilyareallinterestedinstamp-collecting.　　TheDemocraticGovernmentisinpowernow.　　Thegovernmentis/areconsideringfurthertaxcuts.　　Theaudiencewasveryquitewhenhewasgivinghisspeech.转自学易网www.studyez.com　　Thea

5、udiencewereshoutingandlaughingwhenhecameintothehall.　　Ourclassisthetopclassinthegrade.　　Theclassarebusytakingnotes.　　3.并列主语与动词的一致　　1)当“名词+名词”表示一种事物时，用单数动词。　　BaconandeggsisaverypopularBritishbreakfast.　　Toastandmarmalade(果酱面包)ismyfavoritebreakfast.　　Fishandchips(炸鱼与土豆片)isservedeveryday.　　2)

6、当主语是由and，both….and连接的并列结构时，如果主语所指的不是一种事物，动词则用复数形式。　　JackandMaryareinlovewitheachother.　　BothTomandJohnareabsenttoday.　　War,famineanddroughthaveclaimedthousandsoflivesinthatcountry.　　3)在又or或nor连接的并列结构中，动词单、复数形式一般与or或nor后边的名词或代词保持一致。转自学易网www.studyez.com　　Heorhisbrothersaretoblameforthis.　　Ei

7、theryouoryourfriendhastopaythebill.　　Eitherhisfatherorhismothercomestoseehimeveryday.　　Whencouplesquarrel,(either)thewifeorthehusbandhastogivein.　　Neithershenoryouaremistaken.　　Neitherthemanagernortheclerksarecollegegraduates.　　4)notonly…butalso连接的结构做主语时，动词的单、