大学英语创意阅读答案

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Unit1AdvertisingWordstonoteaboundtobepresentinlargenumbersoramountsacreaunitformeasuringthesurfaceareaofland,equalto4,047squaremetersblasteddamagedbystormsorstrongwindsbrochureasmallmagazinecontainingdetailsandpicturesofgoodsorservicesthatyoucanbuycavernalargecavedeluxeusedtodescribethingsthatarebetterinqualityandmoreexpensivethatotherthingsofthesametypedroughtalongperiodoftimewhenthereislittleornorainexoticinterestingorexcitingbecauseofbeingunusualornotfamiliarhandcraftedmadebyaperson,notamachine,andusuallymadewithgreatskillindependentfair,becauseofnotbeinginfluencedbyanyoneelsenestledtobeinaprotectedandcomfortablepositionpaddlingpoolasmallswimmingpoolthatisnotdeep,forsmallchildrentoplayinparadiseaperfectplaceorsituationperchedplacedhighupontheedgeofsomethingscubadiversomebodywhoswimsunderwaterwithacontainerofairontheirbackandatubeforbreathingthroughsharkasometimeslargefishwithteeththatlivesinthesea;sometypesofsharkattackpeoplesituatedinaparticularplace,locatedtyphoonatropicalstormwithstrongwindsthatmoveincirclesUnderstandingthetextPartA:Comprehendingthetext1.Amajorpurposeofadvertisingisioinformofnew〃rodacfsorgoodbargains/helDproducerstosell[heirproducts.Itispossiblethatadvertisingisbecominglesseffectivebecauseweexposediotoomuchadvertising〃。卬andsomuchofitismisleading,sopeople〃。卬ignoreit.2.Themoreadventurousmembersofthefamilycanvis"someoftheattractionsofiheisland,Mcludingatriptoanancienicayem/siudyihefascinaiingseacreaturesofthatarea.Thelessadventurousmemberscanuseihehoielsvriu”)山gDool/i)addlingpoolor4yihecourseorWs”[helessadyeifumt/splacesofintere"(inanair-conditionedvehicle)suchasalocallake.GhostsareoftenseenaroundLakeTali.Woodhasbeenusedtomaketheaccommodation“units”.Theholidayischeapbecausetheresortisnewandtheownersclaimtobemoreinterestedinmakingtheguestshappythanmakingmoney.3.BantuIslandisreallyonlyasmall,bare,exposedrockinihemiddleof[heocean.Swimmingaroundtheislandwouldbeverydangerousbecauseofthemanysharks.Theswimmingpoolisn'tverymuchinusebecausethereisnowaferinit.Theauthordoesn'tbelievethestoriesaboutLakeTalibecauseiiistoosmallandtooshallowforthestoriesiobeTheauthorsaystheonlyreasonyourmoney“goesfurther“isthatBaniuIslandisalongw4yawayso

1them卬〃/beiravelEgfiEher.Theexpressionisnotbeingusedinitsi，sua/meaningofmoneylastinglongerasihin2savesocheap.1.Theadvicetheauthorgivesinthelastparagraphsistobenerycarefulwhenreadingadvertisementsanda/wrystochecktheinformationfromindependentsourcebeforeyo/加yMafeyerisbeingadvenised.PartA:ComparingthetextsTheBrochureTheNewspaperArticle1resortBuildingsite2Ashallowhay/islandparadiseBeachlessbay/barerock3FascinatingseacreaturesHungrysharks4Deluxeair-conditionedtransportOpen-backedjeep5Individual,handcraftedunitsWoodenhuts6AncientandmysteriouslakeDirtypondPartB:Interpretingthetext1.Thewriteristryingtosaythatadvertisingisoftenverymisleadingand,insomecases,“legalizedlying".TheadvertisingbrochureforBantuIslandisobviouslyverymisleading-and,althoughnothingitsaysisactuallyalie,itcouldbearguedthatitdoesnotrepresentthetruth.2.Becauseoncetheygottotheislandandsawwhatitwaslike,theywouldnotwanttogoonanytours.3.No,itwasverycarefullywordedsothatitwouldbedifficulttoproveittoldanylies-simplydidnottellthewholetruthormisledthereaderindifferentways.Forexample,theresortdoeshaveaswimmingpool(andevenapaddlingpool)—itdoesnotactuallysaythattheydon'thaveanywater;itdoessaythatseacreaturesabound,itdoesnotsaytheyaresharks,etc.4.Weshouldlookcarefullyatthingsthatseemattractive(andcheap).Thereisoftenaproblemthatisnotobvious.Thismightalsoapplytootherthings,suchasamotorvehicle,anewapartment,t4specialoffers“onCDs,books,etc.DevelopingyourskillsBrochureNewspaperlayoutAOnceinalifetimeHoliday(Thismeanssomethingveryspecial—sospecialitcannoteverberepeated)A"'Never-To-Be-Repeated^Holiday(Thismeansitonlyhappensoncebecauseitwassobadyouwouldneverdoitagain)A"Holiday"forNobody

2AHolidayforAlltheFamilyChoiceofInformationSeacreaturesbrand-newcooledrareitomitsanydetailsofthesize,etc.oftheattractions(e.g.LakeTali).Nomentionofhavingtowashinasmallstream(i.e.noplumbingorwashingfacilitiesinthehotel).Sharkshalf-builtblastedTheydon'texistPunctuation...youwon'thaveapennymoretopay!—Theexclamationmarkissupposedtoshowthereaderwhatawonderfuldealshe/heisgettingwiththeholiday.A"Holiday“forNobody—theinvertedcommasindicatethatthewriterfeelstheword“Holiday”isnotthecorrectword.The“BeautiesofBantuIsland”一againtheinvertedcommassuggestedthat“Beauties”doesnotdescribetherealityoftheIsland.**Air-conditioned,\fctback-to-natureM,“resort”,“Lake”,etc.alltheseshowthatthewriterdoesnotfeelthewordsarebeingusedwiththeirusualmeaningandconnotationsComeandEatattheLuxuriousandRelaxin-“FrenchKitchen”Enjoythewonderfidselectionofiempiingdishesfromourextensivemenu.Themagnificeniviewovertheoceanwillmakeitaneveningtoremember/cherish.Ourhigh/yTraEed/profesNonal/friendlyandexperienced/knowledgeable/politestaffwillbedelighted/pleased/ihrilledtolookafteryoureveryneedandthereasonable/inexpensivepriceswillpleasantlysurpriseyou.Don'tdelay/waihBooknow!Youwon'tbedisaDDointed/aorry.Anybodywhoisthinkingofgoingtothenewrestaurantcalledthe“FrenchKitchen",don'tthinkagain.Iwastemptedbytheadvertisementinthisnewspaperlastweek.Unfortunaiely/Re?reiiably,Icanhonestly/什uihfUlly/real/丫saythatIwasverydispleasedbymydecision.Toenjoythe“magnificentHew“oftheocean,youwouldneedtoleanatleastameteroutofthewindowandpeerroundthebuildingnextdoor.I'veseenabetter/moreimpressive/wider/moreienwlingselectionofdishesinmylocalfastfoodrestaurantandmuchmoreDoliie/friendlierstaffinanarmytrainingcamp.Asforthe“reasonable/inexDensive''prices!Mybankmanagerwillthinkthat1boughttherestaurantwhenheseesmyaccount.It'struethattheywerea“surprise”,butdefinitelynot"pleasant.Don'tYouwillcertainlybedisauDointed.ExtendingyourvocabularyPartAAntonymsBrand-new-ancientNestled—perchedShallow-deep

3Paradise—nightmareGive-awayprice-expensiveRefreshing—bitterPartAScalesofmeaningfrequencydegreeQuantity•Constantly/alw•perfectly/absolutely/totally•all/everyays•extremely/enormously/particularly/exceedingly/exceptionally•avastnumber•Regularly/repe•very•most/themajorityatedly・slightly/alittle/tosomeextentof/generally•Often/frequent•innoway•many/alot1y•notintheslightest/notatallolYnumerous•Sometimes/oc•much/agreatdealcasionally•acouple/afew•Notalways・none•Rarely/seldom/intermittently•Once•Hardlyever•never

4Unit2SchoolDaysWordstonoteappalledbureaucracycajoleoffendedorshockedverymuchbysomethingacomplicatedandannoyingsystemofrulesandprocessestopersuadesomeonetodosomethingbyencouragingthemgentlyorbybeingnicetothem.carefreecompulsorycooperativedespairhappyandwithoutanyworriesmustbedonebecauseofalaworrulewillingtodowhatisbeingaskedafeelingthatasituationissobadthatnothingyoucandowillchangeit.dominatedtobethemostimportantissue,activity,problemetc,inaparticularsituationeffectivelywhatthesituationreallyis,althoughitsappearanceorofficialdescriptionmightbedifferentfranticallyintolerablemotivatedprimitiveinaveryurgentwayimpossibletobearordealwithenthusiasticanddeterminedtoachievesuccessataverysimplestageofdevelopment,beforemodemtechnologyandthinkingrationalereceptiveseveretender(age)tertiarythesetofreasonsthatsomethingsuchasaplanorbeliefisbasedonwillingtolistentoorconsidersuggestionsverystrictorextremeatimeofyourlifewhenyouarestillyoungandlackexperiencerelatingtocollegesofuniversities;intheplaceorpositioncountedasnumberthreeUnderstandingthetextPartA1.False.Theintroductoryparagraphasksachallengingquestion:"Isitpossiblethatthechildrenarenotatfaultatall,butsocietyitself?"Also,4tfailures^^isininvertedcommas.Thissuggeststhatthewordshouldbeinterpreteddifferently:itsuggeststhatthechildrenarenotatfault.2.True.Lookatspeechparagraph2:Childrenhavetositexamsatanagewhentheyareleastreceptivetoformallearning.3.True.Inspeechparagraph3:^Interestingsubjects“areavailable“onlyforthosewhohavealreadybeenlabeledasfailures**4.True.Inparagraph3:manywordsinthisparagraphindicatepressure:“push”,44cajole,\“force","searchfrantically^^.Inparagraph4:Parentsarefoolishifthey“despairattheirchildren'sperfectlynormalbehavior.^^5.True.Youmightaskwhetherthe''educationalsystem“hasanyclearideaatallaboutitsobjectives.Butassumingthe"educationalsystem^^aimseducatechildren,textsuggestsvery

5definitelythatitisfailingtoday,e.g.Inparagraph4:Thesystemmight“makeorbreak“childrenintheirearlyteenage.Inparagraph5:Thereare“severepenakies^^inthesystem.1.True.Inparagraph7:"betweentheageoffiveand18...thebrainisbiologicallyatitmostreceptive”.2.False.Paragraph7describestheorganizationoftheschoolday("40minutepiecesoflearning")asnotdesignedtoencourageseriouslearning.3.False.Paragraph11tellsusthatthewriterhas“noidea“whethertheNUSiscorrectinbelieving4"thatchildrenwouldactuallylearnmore”.Butthewriteris“suretheywouldbehappier”——perhapsyoucouldencourageaclassdebate,atthisstage,onthesubject“Happychildrenshouldbetheprimaryobjectiveofprimaryandsecondaryeducationsystems.”PartBInterpretingthetext1.Theseexams“decidetheirfutures“andthepenaltiesforfailureare“final''.Alsolookatparagraph6■-thethreatofbeingafailureforlife"isperhapsevenworsethanadeathsentence.2.Thelabormarketdoesnoturgentlyneed“newlyqualifiedpeople”.Thereisno“hurry”；thesituationisnotcritical.3.Tocomparethelargenumberoflessonswiththetinyresultandalsotosaythat4440-minutepiecesoflearning"and“littlepiecesofgeographyorhistoryorbiology"donotreallyadduptoanysubstantialbodyofknowledge.Perhaps,too,thewriterwantstoshowthatmerestatisticsdonotreallyprovethattheresultsaregood.4.Thewordsuggestsanunpleasantexperience.Thewriterwas,whenachild,thesubject・・・andtheeducationalsystemwasthe"boss”.Theresultsofthechildren'ssubjectionwerenotgood.Alsolookatparagraph8again:thesystem“canneverbecalledefficient";itissimplyhelpstheadministratorsandthebureaucrats.DevelopingyourskillsPartAUsingreferencemarkers1.2.3.4.c)b)c)a)•"But"(paragraph4,line26)doestwojobs.Itreferssbacktothewholesubjectofexamsandpressures;italsosignalsthatthereisgoingtobeachangeofdirectioninthewholediscussion.•"It”(para4,line32)refersbacktothe“problem"ifchildren"suddenlystopreading^^■一andtheparagraphgoestosaythatthisisnotreallyaproblem.•"so"(paragraph4,line36)isanothersmallbutveryimportantlinkingword.Often---ashere-itisusedto“wrapup”,orconclude,anargument.•"IF'(paragraph5,line38)introducesahypotheticalsituation.Itraisestheideaofimaginingbigchangesandnewconditions.Again,it'sasmallwordwithmanyuses.•Inparagraph8,“forexample"isperhapsamoresimpleinstanceoflinking:heretheinefficiencyofthe“presentsystem^^isshownclearlybytheexample-i.e.it'lakesupto11years“loproduceevenbasicresults.PartBUsingdiscoursemarkers1.However/YetFunction:showingcontrast2.onthewhole/ingeneral/generailyspeaking/overallFunction:generalizing3.except/exceptfor/withtheexceptionofFunction:introducingexceptions4.asfor/asregardsFunction:focusingattention

61.so/andso/sonowFunction:showinglogicalsequence1.ListingPoints■一Thereareseveralproblemsinthepresentsystem.Firstly,thereistheproblemofexam.Secondly,thereisthepressurefromparents.Thirdly,thereistheissueofcompetitionamongstudents.2.GivingAdditionalInformation-Relaxationandfunshouldbepartofeducation.Furthennore,brightnewideasoftencometokidswhentheyarerelaxing.3.ShowingContrastwithPrecedingInformation---1wassubjectedtothousandsuponthousandsofboringclassroomhours.YetIdon'tremembermuchofwhatIwastaught!/Idon'trememberwhatIwastaughtthough.4.ShowingLogicalSequence■■-Somyexperiencesuggestsverystronglythatsomethingisseriouslywrongwiththesystem...5.IntroducingExceptionsandExamples■一Ithinkmyexperienceissharedbymillionsofotherstudents,exceptperhapsthosewhodon'thaveanyopinionsoftheirown!6.Generalizing---Asarule,teachersprobablyhavegoodintentions.7.FocusingAttentiononaTopic—Asfarashomeworkisconcerned,Irecommendthattheamountbereduced80percent.ExtendingyourvocabularyPartAWordstonote1.carefree2.intolerable3.receptive4.compulsory5.severe6.motivated7.appalled8.franticallyPartBExpression1.regardlessof2.howmuch3.certainly4.must5.helporruin6.frequently7.resultUnit3ATaleoftheUnexpectedWordstonotebulletssmallpiecesofmetalthatareshotfromagunandcauseseriousdamagetothepersonorthingstheyhitcompensatetopaysomeonemoneybeausesomethingbadhashappenedtothemcontentedlyhappilydisastersverybadthingsthathappenandcausealotofdamageorkillalotofpeople

7driftedmovedslowlyandgraduallyglowingburninggentlywithanorangeorredcolourinstantlyimmediatelyinsuredprovidedwithorprotectedbyinsurancepoundsunitsofBritishcurrrenyretiretostopworking,especiallywhenyoureachtheagewhenyouareofficiallytoooldtoworkshadowsareasofdarknessthatarecreatedwhensomethingblockslightstreamingflowingcontinuouslytempttomakeyouwanttodoorhavesomething,especiallysomethingthatisnotgoodforyouterrifiedveryfrightenedwaftedflowedthroughtheairinagentalwaywanderedwalkedwithoutdirectionorpurposewardrobealargecupboasrdforstoringclotheswearilytiredlyUnderstandingthetextPartA:SequencingPictureoneNotesTheyweresittingroundacoffeetable.Thomaswaswearinghispoliceuniform.Therewsacoalfireburning.Snowwasblowingagainstthewindow.PicturetwoNotesOnlythemanandhiswifewereinthekitchen.Therewasagardenandagardengateoutside.Themanatthegardengatewaswearingpoliceuniform.Themanatthegardengatewaverytall.PicturethreeNotesThemanwassittingnexttothefire.Thomashadabloodstrainonhischest.ThegrandmotherwasalsostandingbehindThomas.PartB:Comprehendingthetext1.Thecursewasthatthebagandits“evilcontents“gavethegrandfatherpower-toomuchpower.Thepowerenabledhimtogetanythinghewantedinhislife—buthehadtopayahighpriceforthispower.Thepricewasthelifeofhiswife.2.Heboughtthehousewiththehelpofthepowerhehadbeengivenbythebag.Butheforgotthewarning—therewasapricetopayforthispower.3.Hisfirstwishwasfor100,000pounds.HewouldhavereceivedthismoneybecauseoftheLifeInsurance一hissonThomaswasinsured.WhenThomaswaskilled,theInsuranceCompanypaidhimthismoney.4.Arthur'ssecondwishwas“Iwantallmyfamilytobetogetheragain."Thiswishcametruebutnotin

8thewayhehadintended.InsteadofThomashavinghisliferestoredtohim,Arthurandhiswifedied一andwhentheydiedthey“met"Thomasagain;theyalso"met"Arthur'sparents.Arthur'swishhadbeengranted——allthefamilywere“togetheragain*'buttheywerenowalldead,(seeparagraph17)PartA:Interpretingthetext1.Afterthelastsentenceofparagraph1:Theoldman'swifehadhadaterribleaccidentanddiedonthedayheboughtthehouse.2.Afterthelastsentenceofthesecondparagraphoftheletterfromthegrandfather:HealsotoldmethatImustnevertrytodestroythebagordisasterswouldfallonallmyfamily.3.Afterthelastsentenceofparagraph9:AcoldfearsuddenlysweptthroughArthurSlade'sbodyashiswifewenttoopenthedoor.4.Afterthelastsentenceofthetext:So,hereweallare,togetheragain.DevelopingyourskillsPartA:Workingouttherelevance1.SimilarlyonthenightthatArthuraskedfori00,000pounds,hissonThomasdied.2.BothArthurandhisfatherpaidthepriceforthe“help"theyaskedfor.Theybothknewthebagwas"evil"—buttheybothusedittogetwhattheythoughttheywanted.3.Arthurhasalreadylearnedwhyhisfatherthoughtso.Buthetriestoputthewarningfromhisfatheroutofhismind.Andhissonlaterpaystheprice一thefirstprice.4.Hiswifedefinitelyisright.VerysoonthesonThomasiskilled;andveryshortlyafterhisdeathArthurandhiswifebothdie—andthistimeit'sbecauseArthur'swifeignoresherownwarning.5.Thisisbecausehehasapremonition:heknowswhathashappened;andheprobablyfeelsashisfatherhadfelt,thatheisresponsible.Hefeelsguilty.Hehaspaidtoohighaprice.PartB:Continuingthestorytoamoredefiniteconclusion“Hello,father,mother...Arthurheardhimselfsayasasadsmilecrossedhisface."So,hereweallare,togetheragain.”But...thisisn'twhatIwishedfor.IwantedtobringThomasbacktolife.Iignoredthewarningthatyougaveme.IignoredyourpleathatIshouldneverusethebag.Iused

9ittwice,infact.Iamdoublyguilty:guiltyofThomas'deathandguiltyofmywife'sandmyowndeaths.Herewearealltogetheragain一yes...butthisisnotwhatIreallywanted.PartA:DescriptivewordsDescriptionofthescene:Pulling,pushing,thrusting,threatening,thewavestossthetiny,frailboat,anditsterrifiedoccupants,asthoughitwasaleaffromtheflimsiestflower.Allthepoweroftheuniverseseemsconcentratedinthetorrentialdownpowerandthehowlingtempest.ExtendingyourvocabularyPatA:Differentwordforms1.Atthesightoftheghosthewasfilledwithterror.2.1donothaveverystrongwillpower,soIeasilygiveintotemptation.3.IplantotravelalotmoreinmyretirementasIwillhavemuchmorefreetime.4.Theconwensaiionhewasofferedfortheaccidentdidn'tevencoverhismedicalexpenses.5.Thewearyoldmanploddedslowlydownthestreet.6.Heneverreallysettleddowninoneplace;hewasalwaysabitofadrifter.7.Itisalwaysagoodideatotakeoutittsuranceonanythingvaluableincaseofaccident,fireortheft.8.Theconsequencesofusingthesnakeskinbagweredisastrous.PartB:Differentmeaningsofthesameword1.Thegentlesoundofthestreamasitflowedovertherckswasveryrelaxing.2.Thequietyoungmanwasaveryshy,reiiringsortofperson.3.1hadalerrificbirthdayparty;Ilovedeveryminuteofit!4.Theangrymanpoundedonthedoorandshoutedouttobeletin.5.Thesadcontentsofthepooroldwoman'sbagwerespreadoutonthetable.6.Themandressedinblackwasshadowingoureverymoveaswetriedtoescapefromhimthroughthecrowdedshoppingcentre.

10Unit4WordstonoteBarriersomethingthatseparatesonethingfromanotherClasptoholdtightly(together)CompartmentoneoftheseparatespacesintowhicharailwaycarriageisdividedCope(with)todealsuccessfullywithadifficultsituationorjobElbowsthepartsinthemiddleofyourarmswheretheybendEscapetogetawayfromaplaceorsituationwhereyouareindangerExpressionlessnotallowingyourfeelingstoshowinyourface,eyesorvoiceGraduallyslowlyandinsmallstagesoramountsImpressionanopinionorfeelingyouhaveaboutsomethingorsomeoneIndicateshowInsultedbetreatedinanoffensivewayPackedcrowdedcloselytogetherProtectingkeepingsomeoneorsomethingsafefromharm,injuryordangerResorttotodosomethingextremeorunpleasantinordertosolveaproblemScatteredspreadoveralargeareaScreeninghidingorprotectingsomethingbybeinginfrontofthemTechniquesmethodsofdoingsomethingUnderstandingthetextPartA:ComprehendingthetextLookatthe4diagramsbelow.Thecircleshowsthelastpersontoentertheroom.TheXsaretheotherpeoplealreadyseatedintheroom.Wherewillthelastpersontoenterandsit?MarkyouranswerwithYX(Y)XXXXXXXXX(Y)(Y)(Y)(Y)XXXX(Y)000XX0XForeachofthefollowing,decidewhichoptionbestcompletesthestatementaccordingtothetext.l.(b)2.(d)3.(b)4.(c)5.(d)PartB:SummarizingtheinformationinatextQuiteoften,theeasiestwaytosummarizetheinformationinatextistoconverttheinformationintoatable.Completethefollowingtablebyfillingthemissinginformation.

11SituationActionReasonsforActionEnteringawaitingroomwithonepersonalreadyseatedSitasfarawayfromtheotherDersonaapossibleSittingtooclosecausesfeelingsofthenervousness;sittingtoofarawaymaybeinsultingAcrowdedtrain/liftetc.1.Pretendiheotherpeoplearen'tthere.2.Ignorethe.3.Avertyoureyesfh)mthem.4.Keepyourfhceasexpressionlessaapossible.5.Createphysicalbarrierse.g.clapshnads.Pretendyouareconcentratingoosomethingimportanl_e.g.thepanelindicatingthefloornumber.Sendoutsignalsthatyvudon'twantyourpersonalspacetobeinvaded.Inaconversationwithsomebody1.Onemightmoveforward;theothermightback1.Standingveryclosemakessomepeopleveryaway.2.Finallyonemighttryto“escape“bymovinguncomfortable.2.Standingwhereyouhaveenoughpersonalspaceaway.makes%。」招comfortable.Workinginasharedarea1.Build“barrieru”2.Screenone'seyesfrom1.Tohelpconcentration.2.Tokeepotherpeopleneighbors.3.Avoid/Preventany“contact”“outside”oftheirspace.3.Topretendtheyarealone.TravellingonpublictransportSpreadoutyouubDlooRinns.Tryto」ivetheimpressionthatthnseatsnexttoyvuaretaken.PartC:Interpretingthetext:Discussthefollowingandmakenotesoftouranswers;1.Whatis"personalspace”？It'stheareawherepeoplefeelsafe,secure,comfortable,unthreatened.Thisareasurroundsus,likeprotectiveblanket.2.Insituationswherewehavenopersonalspace,forexamplekinacrowdedlift,whydoweattempttosendoutassocialsignalsaspossible?Inordertouprotectourselvesandtodiscourageanystrangersfrom“invading”ourpersonalspacebyattemptingtomakecontactwithus.3.Whydoweneedpersonalspace?BecauseweneedtofeelthatthisareaIsourown;itbelongstous;itspartofourownself.4.Underwhatcircumstancescantheneedforpersonalspacecauseconfusionanddifficulties,eventhoughthepeople

12concernedrecognizethisneed?Whenpeoplefromdifferentculturalorgeographicalbackgroundsaretogether.(Becausethesizeofthespaceneededwithindifferentculturesdiffers;someculturescaneasilyacceptclosercontact-andthereforelesspersonalspacethanothers.)3.Underwhatcircumstancescanweneedtouseforcetodefendourpersonalspace?Ifattemptstopreserveourpersonalspaceareignoredbyothers,andifwethereforefeelaheightenedsenseofdiscomfort,threatorevendanger,wemightuseforce-e.g.aloudvoice,oractualphysicalforce,tomakeitveryclearthatweare“defendingourterritoryt9.DevelopingyourskillsPartA:Findingthemeaningofwords/expressionsfromtheircontextCompletethistablebyfillingthemissinginformation.Followtheexample.Words/ExpressionfromthepassageHelpfoundinpassageTypeofHelpvaluable(para.l)expensivesynonympersonalAnareatheyregardastheirowndefinitionoppositeendoftheroom(para.2)Asfarawayaspossiblefromthefirstpersonmoreinformationrelatingtotheexpressionpacked(par4)Crowdedsynonympretendtheotherpeopledon'texist(para.4)Wedeliberatelyignorethemsynonymousexpressionbarriers(para.6)Apileofbooksortheirbagsorasinglebookstooduponendexamplestechniques(para.6)strategiesSynonympersonalmarkers(para7)Books,papers...Example+moreinformationterritory(para.7)Theedgeofthedeskexampleelbows(para6)...onthetable...withtheirhandsscreeningtheireyesLogicaldeductionPartB:Deducingmeaningbarrenempty,unproductive,sterile,nothingcangrowinvainunsuccessful,withoutresults,wastedandproducingnobenefitcrustaceanscrabs,shrimpsandlobstersemaciatedvery,verythin,havingalmostnofleshonthebodyelationextremehappiness,theoppositeof"sadnessandanxiety”ExtendingyourvocabularyPartA:SynonymsandantonymsSynonymsWordstonoteAntonymsoffendinsultcompliment

13slowlygraduallysuddenlyspreadscatteredclusteredguardedprotectedharmedgripclaspreleaseshowsindicatesHidesundemonstrativeexpressionlessexpressivePartA:ClozeSentences1.Hefounditverydifficulttohidewhathewasfeelingbecausehehadaveryexpressiveface.2.Thesurveyindicates/showsthatmostpeopleagreewiththeintroductionofalongerlunchbreak.3.Theexaminationresultshadveyrange,asallthescoreswereclusteredaroundthe65%mark.4.Onewaytomotivateyoungchildrentostudyistoregularlycomplimentthemontheirachievements.5.Bystudyinghardoveranumberofyearshislanguageabilitygradually/slowlyimproved.6.Inanymotorvehicle,itisnecessarytoreleasethebrakebeforedrivingoff.

14Unit5PhysicalDisabilitiesWordstonoteapplicantsomeonewhoappliesforsomething,suchasajoboraloanofmoneybenefitsadvantagescatertoprovidepeoplewithsomethingtheywantorneedcontributorspeoplewhogivemoney,goods,ortheirtimeoreffortinordertohelptoachievesomethingdismaythefeelingofbeingveryworried,disappointed,orsadaboutsomethingsurprisingorshockingthathashappenedencouragementwordsoractionsthatgivesomeoneconfidenceorhopefacilitiesthingssuchasroomsorpiecesofequipmentthatareprovidedataparticularplacefbrpeopletousehoptomoveforwardbyjumpingononefootimposetointroducethingssuchasnewlawsornewsystems,andforcepeopletoacceptthemkerbasmallstepattheedgeofaroadpretendtobehaveinaparticularwaybecauseyouwantsomeonetobelievethatsomethingistruewhenitisnotsignificantlyimportantlyortoalargeextentstatisticsagroupofnumbersthatrepresentfactsordescribeasituationwheelchairachairwithlargewheelsthatsomeonewhocannotwalkusesformovingaroundUnderstandingthetextPartA:ComprehendingthetextLetter1Letter2Letter3Letter4BackgroundofWriterSeriouslyinjuredinatrafficaccident.OvercamedespairwiththehelpoffamilyandfriendsAlsodisabled;butlivesinamuchmorecaringenvironment.Alsodisabled;Chairmanof44DisabledTaxiDriversAssociation”.Notspecified.Purpose(s)ofWritingTohighlightdifficultiesfacedineverydaylifebyparaplegics.ToencourageMr.Thomas-becausetimesandattitudesarechanging1.Togiveinformationabouthisorganization.2.Tostressthesafetyrecordofdisableddriversinhisorganization.3.Tostressthatdisabledpeoplecanfulfillalmostallduties.Toemphasizetherangeofopportunitiesavailabletodisabledpeople・・•eveninsports.

15ParticularExperience(s)ofWriterFrustrationcausedbythoughtlessness.Facilitiesinherhometownhelphertolivemorefreelyandfully.Closeandfrequentcontactwithotherdisabledpeople.Notspecified.MainMessage(s)It'sgoodtobeoptimisticandcheerful-butdisabledpeopleneedhelp.1.Don'tdespair.2.Ifyourhometowndoesnotimproveitsfacilitiesanditsattitudes,cometoliveinmine!Toencouragedisabledpeopletomakecontact.1.Regardyourdisabilityin“anewlight".2.Trytobeasindependentaspossible.PartA:InterpretingthetextExamplesofoptimismLetter1Letter2Letter3Letter4Examples:Examples:Examples:Examples:...Inowlook...yourown...givehope(anda...thereareeverforwardto...environmentissuretopossiblefuture)...increasingsocialand...wantingtolivechangesoon.Thereare...noprofessionallifetothefull......perhapswecouldreasonswhydisabledopportunities...sharethebenefits...peoplecannot...hesayshemayfulfill...evenhadanadvantage...ExampleofobjectivityLetter1_Letter2_Letter3_Letter4Examples:Examples:Examples:Examples:...paraplegicsstill...extra-wide...suitablyconverted...sportsfacilitieshavetoplaneachelevators...vehicles.designedfordisabledtrip......notasinglestepin...notonesinglepersons....kerbsatthethewholecentre.memberhaseverhad...WorldSummeredgesoftheanaccidentofanyOlympicGamesforroads...kind!disabledathletessince1960...DevelopingyourskillsPartA:ReadingbetweenthelinesNotesHeneedshelpandsupport;thishelpedhimovercomeasenseofdespair.Butnowheisveryoptimisticandcheerful.However,heisalsoveryangry,andfrustrated-becauseheperceivesthat“modernsociety”,atleastinhishometowngenerally,doesnotsupportorhelphim,andhasnorealawarenessofthespecificdifficultiesdisabledpeoplefaceintheireverydayliving.

16PartA:IdentifyingmainmessagesMainMessage(s):Disablepeoplehave44thousandsoffellowdisabledpersons"whowillsupportandencourageyou.(Note:"fellow“hereindicatesthatspecificexperienceisshared.)Acceptthissupportandencouragement—andyoucanaccomplishwhateverpersonalgoalyoumayhave.ExamplesFoundintheLetterIntroducingtheBackgroundPreviouscontributorshavementionedincreasingopportunities;shegivesexamplesinthefieldofsports.GivingExamplesHundredsofpeoplearewinnersofOlympicGoldMedals;OlympicGamesfordisabledpeoplesince1960.ProvidingEvidenceJohnDowellcompetesagainst--andbeatsable-bodiedathletesinhigh-jumping.Manyholdworldrecords.RefutingCounter-argumentsDon'tthinkofdisabilityasadisadvantage;don'trelyonhelpsimplybecauseofdisability;aimatasmuchindependenceaspossible;don'tallowyourdisabilitytodictate...ExtendingyourvocabularyPartAWoresconveyingpositiveornegativemessagesPositiveMessagesNegativeMessagesLetterOnepatience,love,challenges,possible,comforts,fulldifficulties,complicated,problem,impossible,limitedLetterTwoefforts,bravery,determination,able,delighted,benefits,caring,sympatheticdismay,difficultiesLetterThreeinterest,contribution,hope,support,pride,interested,happyaccidentLetterFourdelighted,contributors,increasing,opportunities,active,proud,winners,independent,independence,light,advantage,professional,success,superstars,top,support,encouragement,achieveconfined,disadvantagePartBVocabularyincontextDearSirorMadam:Althoughitissadtoseepeoplewhohavephysicaldisabilities,itisalsoinspiringtoseeexamplesofthosewhohaveconquered・・・oratleastovercome,toalargeextent・・・theirproblems.Therearethousands,orperhapsmillionsofsuch“successstories”.OneveryfamousexampleisD匚StephenHawkins,theCambridgephysicistandauthorofABriefHistoryofTime:foryearshehashadalmostnocontroloverhisbody,yetheisabletofunctionwiththeaidoftechnologyandhismindisabsolutelynotdisabled--infactheisoftencomparedwithgeniusessuchasEinstein.Onthesportsside,LanceArmstrongfoughtcancerandcamebacktowin,win,win,andwinagainincycling'sTourdeFrance.Thereisanoldsayingthat“Whilethere'slifethere'shope'':StephenHawkinsandLanceArmstrongshowthatthisistrue.

17Unit6RobertBurnsWordstonoteadaptedaspectsbaldblessingboomingchorusdedicatedflowingfrostyhumanityinequalitiesmadeespeciallysuitableforsomethingorsomeoneparticularparts,features,orqualitiesofsomethingwithlittleornohaironyourheadsomethinggoodthatyoufeelverygratefulorluckytohavetomakeadeeploudsoundthatcontinuesforsometimethepartofasongthatdoesnotchangeandisrepeatedseveraltimeswrittenormadeespeciallyforsomebodyorsomethingmovingalongcoldenoughtoproducefrost—frozendropsofwateronasurfaceallthepeoplewhoarelivingintheworldsituationsinwhichpeoplearenotequalbecausesomegrouphavemoreopportunities,power,money,etc.thanothersinfluencedaffectedthewaysomeonethinksorbehavesoraffectedthewaysomethinghappensmelodyatuneorsong,especiallyasimpleonenationalisticextremelyproudofyourownnationandbelievingthatitisbetterthanothernationspaddletottertowalkinshallowwatertostandormoveinawaythatisnotsteadytraditionallytheadverboftheword“tradition”wearyverytired,especiallybecauseofhardworkoractivityUnderstandingthetextPartAComprehendingthetext1.RobertBurns9ProfileNationality-ScottishChildhood・・・oneofsevenchildren;livedandworkedonfarmMaritalStatus-marriedNumberofChildren■--12Famousworks・一AuldLangSyne\Jean;MyloveisLikeaRed,RedRose;JohnAnderson,MyJoInterestsreading,drinking,singing,tellingstories,women2.MajorthemeofeachofthepoemsAuldLangSyne--Pleasantmemoriesoffriendshipandoftimespast.Teacherscouldintroducetheterm“nostalgia”Jean--Love・-especiallyfor'thegirlIlovethebest\Jean.EverythingbeautifulremindshimofJean.MyloveisLikeaRed,RedRose-一Again,love■一andtheeternalandcompellingandall-embracingforceoflove.JohnAnderson,MyJo-Life-longfriendshipandloyalty;sharingthingsandtrustingsomebody;theenduringqualityoffriendship—thefriendJohnisnowoldandfrail,butstillthefriendshipisstrongandunchanged.PartB:Interpretingthetext1.Metaphors

181).MetaphorIn"AiddLangSyne'\drinkacupofkindness・・・sharekindnessbetweengoodfriends2)Metaphorsin"Jean":"Iseeherinthemorningflowers...“Ihearherinthetunefulbirds...EverythingbeautifulremindshimofJean.3)In“MyloveisLikeaRed,RedRose":"AndIwillloveyou...Whenalltheseasgodry...AndIwillloveyou...Whilethesandsoflifestillrun...M-Hemeanshewillloveherforever(sincetheseaswillnevergodry).Hestilllovesherwhiletimecontinuestopassby(i.e.again,forever).4)In"JohnAnderson,MyJo”:u...blessingonyourfrostyhead,...Weclimbedthehilltogether...MHewantshiswhite-hairedoldfriendtobealwaysblessed.Wehavebeenfriendsforalifetime:wehaveaccompaniedeachotheronthe’Journey“andthe“hill"oflife.1.RobertBurns'attitudetowardsloveandfriendshipWhatislove?Loveisbeautiful.lt's"likethemelody".'That'ssweetlyplayedintune.”It'slikebeautifulflower---“ared,redrose”.It'sconstantandeternal.Whatisfriendship?Friendshipmeanssharing-both“lovely"and"wearing“experience.Itmeanspleasantmemoriesandtrust.("Thereismyhand,mytrustedfriend-•・")Itmeansconstancy—whentheycannolongerclimbthe“hilltogether^theywill<4totterdown...handinhand...**.Itis“oneofthefinestthingslifecanbring”2.openDevelopingyourskillsPartA1.WhatwasRobertBurns'sphilosophyoflife?Whydoyouthinkthathehadsuchaphilosophy?Hebelievedthatloveisafundamentalblessinginlife.Therearemanyvariedaspectstolove:Bumslovedhiscountry(Scotland),women,"humanityandhonest,simplegoodness”,friendship,trust,sharing,etc.Further,hebelievedinmoralityandfairness■■-hewroteaboutpovertyandweaknessandsadness.Hehadsuchaphilosophybecausehisownchildhood—hisfamilywaspoorandhehadtoworkhardevenasachild,buthewasgivenloveandencouragement—perhapsinfluencedhisfeelingsaboutlife,andaboutthevalueandimportanceofthe“commonpeople”(i.e.ordinarypeople).2.Whataretheadjectivesusedinthepoems?AuldLangSyne--old,lovely,weary,wide,trustedJean---beautiful,wild,constant,sweet,fair.Myloveislikeared,redrose--red,lovely,dryJohnAnderson,MyJo---lovely,bright,bald,frosty,happyAtleasteightoftheadjectivesareofonlyonesyllable,andatleastsixareofonlytwosyllables.Thesewordsare,probably,quiteeasytounderstandandtotranslate.3.Arethereanyexamplesofrepetition?Several:e.g.■一obviously---thechorusin"Au/dLangSyne"\thephrase“timesgoneby","Isee...^^and“Ihear..."in"Jean";the'themeline”,"Myloveislike...”,and“Iwillloveyou…"in"MyLoveIsLikeaRed,RedRose”.4.Arethereanyexamplesofcontrastdescriptions?

19Yes-especiallyin"JohnAnderson,MyJo”,wherethepastandthepresentarecontrasted:e.g.“Yourhairwasliketheraven's...",“Yourhairislikethesnow...”.Thecontrastsinthispoemareveryclearlyportrayedbythetenseused.1.Arethesentencesvariedintermsoflength?Giveexamples.Yes,someofthepoemshavesentencesofidenticallengthtomaintaintherhythmoftheverse,forexample“AiddLangSyne'\However,thesentencelengthin"MyloveIsLikeaRed,RedRose“varythroughoutthepoem.Generallyspeaking,theshorterthesentenceis,themoreemphasisthewriterwantstoplaceonit.ExtendingyourvocabularyPartA:Descriptionsofhappiness1.Identifytheotherwordsand/orexpressionsusedtodescribehappinessinthepoems.AuldLangSyne—•Wetwohavepaddledinthestream,frommorninguntildinner.•daysoflongagoJean-~9thereiswildwoodsgrowing,andriversflowing.•dayandnightmyconstantdream,iseverwithmyJean•wheneverIhearabirdsingsweet,itremindsmeofmyJeanMyLoveIsLikeaRed,RedRose-•--ared,redrose,thatisnewlysprunginJune.themelody,thatissweetlyplayedintuneJohnAnderson,MyJo--manyahappyday,John,we'vehadwithoneanotherHandinhand,wewillgo;andsleeptogetheratthefoot2.delighted,pleased,excited,glad,cheerful,merry,joyful,sunny3.jumpforjoy;walkingonair;overthemoon;oncloudnine;ashappyasa...PartBUsingcontrastdescription1.depressed;sad;unhappy;gloomy;miserable;sorrowful;sorry;heavily-hearted;low-spirited2.downinthedumps;downinthemouthfeelingblue

20Unit7MasteringaNewLanguageWordstonotecolloquialcomplimentaryconveyderivedeterminedusedininformalconversationratherthaninwritingorformallanguagesayingnicethingsaboutsomeoneorsomethingtocommunicateideasorfeelingsindirectlytoreceiveorobtainsomethingfromsomethingorsomewhereelsenotwillingtoletanythingpreventyoufromdoingwhatyouhavedecidedtofrustratingmakingyoufeelannoyedandimpatientbecauseyouarepreventedfromachievingsomethingidiomsexpressionswhosemeaningsaredifferentfromthemeaningoftheindividualwordsinappropriateliteralmasteringprejudicesnotsuitableinaparticularsituationthemostbasic(meaningofaword)learningsomethingthoroughlysothatyouknowitorcandoitverywellunreasonableopinionsorfeelings,especiallythefeelingofnotlikingaparticulargroupofpeopleseeminglyinawaythatappearstohaveaparticularquality,eventhoughthisisprobablynottrueshadessourcesstumpedtaptonesslightlydifferentformsortypesofsomethingpeople,places,orthingsthatprovidesomethingyouneedorwantunabletoexplainoranswer(something)totouchsomeoneorsomethinggentlyandmovethemslightlythevariouslevelsinpitchofasoundUnderstandingthetextPartA:ComprehendingthetextIneachofthefollowing,circlethesentencethatbestreflectstheoverallmeaningofeachparagraph.paragraph1:a)paragraph2:c)paragraph4;b)paragraph5:a)paragraph7:a)paragraph8:b)paragraph3:b)paragraph6:c)paragraph9:a)PartB:InterpretingthetextThereisvastscopeforthestudentsworkingtogethertoexplorethistextandtolearnfromit.Togivejustafewexamples,thepointmadeinsentence1isfurtherdevelopedinthesameparagraph(importantofcontext;wordsevolveandchangetheirmeaning;literalmeaningscanbecomeout-dated),whilethefollowingparagraphgoesbeyondvocabulary(complexenoughinitself!)tointroducetheincrediblerichness,complexity(andpotentialforconfusion!)ofidiomsandcolloquialism.ktLanguagesM,asaveryexperiencedteacherobservednearlyacenturyago,“arenotnomenclatures…”Studentscanbeencouragedtoregardthistaskashaving“ongoingusefulness,5.Itisn't'justonemoretask”—tobefinishedandthenforgotten.It'snotonlyuseful,butalsoquitedemanding:itemphasizestostudentsthatthereisgreatopportunityforargumentanddiscussion—andforlisteningtootherpeople'sinteq)relations.Therearen'tmany

21simple,absolute,finalanswersonthistopic!DevelopingyourskillsPartA:Positive/negativeconnotationsWordsImplyingCriticismWordsNotImplyingCriticismPicture1noisy,aggressivelively,active,energeticPicture2tiny,cramped,microscopicsmall,compactPicture3cheap,untidy,scruffysimple,plain,casualPicture4voilent,viciouscourageous,brave,heroicPicture5arrogant,smug,conceitedproud,honored,delightedPartB:Subjective/objectivewritingReadthefollowingtextdescribingaflatandanswerthequestionsthatfollow.1.Whatfactsdoyouknowabouttheflat?Flate枇cl,(Except,Derhaps,thatcmaDarlmentexists!Adjectivessuchas“lovely",“compact","splendid"havenofactual“meani"”.)LivingRoomAgain,none.Whafdoes“superb”aciually——andfacially—KitchenThereisonefacthere:thekitchenissmaller("morecompact")…Butit'snotahelpfulfact.伍amnottoldhowmuchsmalleriiis!It'snoteven100%certainothermomilissmallerthan!(Theimplicaiion,ofcourse,isthatthecomparisoniswifhthelivingroombi"加housesthekitchenisa/卬ayssmallerthanthelivingroom加case.)Bedroom1Thereisonefactabouttheroom,and[卬oaboutwhaf[heroomcontain，(i.e.abedandlighi).Thefaciabouttheroomis〔hat〃hasawindow.Bedroom2nofacts.BathroomThereisbathroom.(Thelandingisnotpartoftheflat:thebathroomisacommunalone.)2.Whatisthewriter'spurposeinwritingthistext?Touseirfthe^attractivenessoftheflat——eventhoughtheflatisnotreallyveryattractiveatall!3.Whatsubjectivewordsdoesheusetohelphiminhispurpose?lovely:needstobeseen:perfectopportunity:splendid:greatappeal:superb:ofgreatcharacter：convenient;easily;modernkitchen;convert所nicely4.Brieflygiveyourownopinionsabouttheflatandexplainwhatledyoutotheseopinions.h'sold,orinbadcondition—orperhapsbolh:effbrimayberequiredtoimDrove”Ismall:"…cleaningwoe'/everbeaproblem“becausetherei$n'[muchioclean.It'sdangerous:"theelectricalwiringmayneedtobechcmged”.Thebedroomsarefi”：youcan“tumoffthelightoropenthewindow“whilethebed,andthereis0nly“oneside"of"space”tolookafterababy.

22Thereisp『ivafebathroom.Dowereallywantto“encouragefriendline$$“wilh$tran£er$whileweareinthebathroom?ExtendingyourvocabularyExplainingthemeaningsofidiomsTrytomatchtheidiomsinColumnAofthetablebelowwiththeexplanationsinColumnB.ColumnAColumnB1.toeatyourwordstoadmitthatyouwerewrongaboutsomething2.tomakeamealofittotakealongtimetodosomethingsimple3.tobitesomebody'sheadofftoreactangrilyorrudelytosomebodyfornoreason4.tohaveyourheadontheblocktoriskbeingblamedifthingsgowrong5.tohaveyourheadinthecloudstobeabitofadreamer6.topaythroughthenosetopaymuchmorethansomethingisworth7.tobeheadoverheels...tobeverymuchinlove8.likechalkandcheesetobecompletelydifferentfromeachother9.tobetwo-facedtobedishonestaboutone勺feelingsandopinions10.tobeoncloudninetobeveryhappyaboutsomethingNowtrytofindoutwhateachofthefollowingidiomaticexpressionsmeansandwritetheexplanationinthespaceprovided.tohaveitchyfeettoputyourfootinittogetcoldfeetExplanation:towanttoleaveaplaceandstarttravellingExplanation:tomakea(usuallyfoolish)mistakeExplanation:tobecomeafraidtodosomethingandsochangeyourmindaboutdoingit

23Unit8TheOlympicGamesWordstonoteanalystsomeonewhosejobistocarefullyexamineasituation,event,etc.inordertoprovideotherpeoplewithinformationaboutit.apparentlyseemingtobe(something)butnotnecessarilybeingsoarchitectsomeonewhosejobistodesignbuildingbenefitsadvantagesyougetfromasituationbiasedfavoringoneperson,thingorideaoveranotherinaaythatisunfair.budgetingplanningthewayyouwillspendthemoneyyouhave,especiallysothatyoudonotspendtoomuchdignified(ofbehavior)worthyofhonorandrespectelitebestormostskillfulguaranteesomethingthatmakesitcertainthatsomethingwillhappenhostsarrangesaspecialeventandprovidestheareaetc.foritincidentalrelatedtosomethingbutconsideredlessimportantinevitablyitiscertaintohappen(that)marathonaracethatisrunoveradistanceof42kilometersorabout26milesmargintheamountbywhichacompetitionorelectioniswonprestigethehighreputationandrespectthatsomeoneorsomethinghasearned,basedontheirimpressiveachievements,quality,etc.profitsmoneythatyoumakebysellingsomethingorfromyourbusiness,especiallythemoneythatremainsafteryouhavepaidallyourbusinesscosts.provincialrelatingtothepartsofacountryoutsidethecapitalorthelargecitiessouvenirsomethingthatyoubuyduringaholidayorataspecialeventtoremindyoulaterofbeingthereUnderstandingthetextPartA:ComprehendingthetextStatementsTmeFalse1TheAmericandiverssaidthatXiongNiwastherealwinnerbecausehebeatGregLauganisatthe1988SeoulOlympicsJ2CarlLewisbeatMikePowellatthe1996AtlantaOlympics.J3The200SydneyOlympicsattractedaround340,000visitors.J4Newspapersorpensareconsideredsignificantthingsbecausetheywillbringinalotofincome.J5Short-termjobswereprovidedforeliteathletesaftertheGameswereoverJ6Themarathonofthe2000SydneyOlympicswasheldattheAustralia.J7JuanAntonioSamaranchwaspromotedtobethepresidentoftheInternationalOlympicCommitteebecausehewaswell-knownthroughouttheworld.J8AccordingtothepublisheddataonthecostsandincomefromtheSydneyGames,therewereseriousproblemswiththefinancingoftheGames.J

249TheprovincialgovernmenttookoverthedirectresponsibilityforrunningtheGamesbecauseSOCOGwasUS$75millionindebt.J10HoldingtheGamesismorelikelytobeprofitableiftheeconomyofthenationthathoststheGamesisgood.JPartB:Interpretingthetext1.Firstly,ofcourse,becausehewasaverygood(andwelLknow,Chinese)competitor.Secondly,becauseheverynearlybeatGregLauganis.Thirdly,becausemanypeoplebelievedhehad,really、won.Fourthly、becauseofhissportsmanship:hedidn'tcomplain-instead,hepraisedhisrival.2.Theword“really“indicatesthatthereissomedoubtastewhetheritisa“genuine"question.InfactIhequestionis“rhetorical”---i.e.Ihewriterisn'lreallyaskingaquestionforinformationbutisusingaquestionforminordertogivehisownopinion.(ThisopinionisthatmanyChinesepeopleweremorehappyabouttheprestigethaninterestedinthesports.)3.7impliesthat,althoughpensandnewspapersaresmallitemsilislikelythatmanyextramillionswillbesoldduringtheGamesbecauseofthehugenumberofvisitors.4.Becauseofthelengthoftimehehasbeanintheorganization,he-madeacareer“oftheOlympics,andhe“rosethroughiheranks”tobecomePresident.5.No.Theyarefarmore.Theybringprestigetothecityhostingthem.Theyprobablyproduceprofit.Theysrtainlycreatelotsofjobs,newbuildingsgetbuilt,andthehostcityisproudtobeableto“baskinitsfame”.DevelopingyourskillsPartA:SkimmingThewordsgivenbelowarechosenfromparagraph3ofthetest.Justlookatthesekeywordsandanswerthequestions.Writeyouranswersinthespacesprovided.1.Groundmanagement;evenimanagemant;administration;engineering;tourism：salesandmarketing;sellingfondanddrinks;customerservice.2.Systemsprogrammers;businessanalysis;architects;engineers;financeexperts.3.AthleteswhohadcompletedintheGames.Lookatthewordyouunderlinedandanswerthequestionsbelow.1.Diabetes:cancer:heartdisease:lungdisease:psychologicalailmentssuchasdepressionandlowself-esteem.2.Obesilyis“oneofIhegrealeslheakhrisks”.Allihebodycansufferasaresult.3.Anentireclasssessioncouldbespentdebatingthissubject!Forexample,howcanwedecideiffatpeopleare“happier"?Dowehavetocountallfatpeople?Then,too,howdowedefine“fat"?Moredifficultyet:howdowedefine“happy"？Itmightbesuggestedthatiffatpeoplearehappier,“theyshouldn'tbe"，or“theydon'trealizetheyhaveaproblem”.Buiperhapssuchdiscussionanddebatecanneverbesatisfactorilyconcluded;perhapsit'ssimplerloquoteanotheroldadage：”Laughandgrowfat;growfalandbelaughedat.“PartB:ScanningScanthetextabouttheobesityagainandanswerthefollowingquestions.L102.obese3_time(s)obesity2_time(s)

25people4_time(s)health2_time(s)physical2_time(s)Supposeyouareaskedtoanswerthefollowingquestions.Discussinpairswhatword(s)youwouldneedtolookfor.Underlinethemiftheword(s)areavailableinthequestions;orwritethemdowniftheyarenot.1.XiongNi,GregLauganis,CarlLewis,MikePowell,JuanAntonioSamaranch.2.1976MontrealOlympics,1984LosAngelesOlympics,1988SeoulOlympics,1992BarcelonaOlympics,1996AtlantaOlympics,2000SydneyOlympics,2008BeijingOlympics.3.Thecostsarehuge.Merelytheconversionofonebuilding,fortheSydneyGames,costUS$240million.ThetotalcostoftheseGameswasprobablyapproximatelyUS$2.5billion!4.Bothshort-termandmore“specialized“jobsarementioned.Short-termexamplesincludejobsinsellingandmarketing,administration,tourism,customerserviceandgroundmanagement.Morespecializedexamplesincludejobsinsystemsprogramming,businessandfinanceanalysis,architectureandengineering.5.Basically,profitanddevelopment.IftheGamesarewellorganized,thehostcity/countrywillmakealotofmoneyfromtheinfluxofthousandsuponthousandsofvisitors-andtheirspending;inthelongerterm,thenewfacilities(whichhavetobebuildfortheGames),suchasnewbuildingsandinfrastructure,meanthatthecityisbetterequippedtobidforlargeinternationaleventsinthefuture.ExtendingyourvocabularyPartA:Wordstonote1.prestige2.budgeted3.inevitably4.biased5.dignified6.guarantee7.margin8.Apparently9.analysts10.hostPartB:SuffixesLookattheothernounsandunderlinethesuffixofeachofthenouns.diverlong-jumpervisitoranalystengineerbankerpoliticianprofessorCanyouthinkofsomeothersuffixesthatarefoundattheendofnounsrelatingtopeoplebutnotincludedinthelist?Putdownyouranswersinthebowbelow.-ess-ist-ant-man-eeCompletethetablebelowbywritingthreenounsendinginthespecifiedsuffixineachofthecorrespondingboxes.

26SuffixesNouns1-crteacher,reporter,engineer2-orsurveyor,director,inspector3-istscientist,artist,typist4-esshostess,waitress,actress5-eeinterviewee,employee,payee6-antattendant,dependant,applicant7-manpoliceman,fireman,salesman8-ianmathematician,physician,technician

27Unit9GoodTeachers;GoodStudentsWordstonoteAcceptingagreeingtodowhatsomeoneasksorsuggestsActuallyinfactAutomaticallywithoutconsciousthoughtorintention,especiallybecauseofhabitBalancingacttheprocessoftryingtoachievesomethingthatdifferentgroupswillallbesatisfiedwithCleverestthemostableatlearningorunderstandingthingsEnthusiasticveryinterestedinsomethingorexcitedbyitJawthelowerpartofyourfacethatincludesyourchinandyourbottomteethNicknameaninformalnamethatyourfriendsandfamilycallyouthatisyourrealnameObviouslyinawaythatisclearforalmostanyonetoseeorunderstandOrganizedplannedcarefullyandinvolvingmanypeoplePersonalitiesthepartsofpeoplethatmakethembehaveinaparticularwayinsocialsituations,forexampleinafriendlyorunfriendlyway,orinaconfidentorshywayProperlyinawaythatisconsideredrightorcorrectPuddingspeopleyouthinkaredullandlifelessRespectedadmiredandapprovedofbymanypeopleConfidentsureorcertainaboutsomethingTranscriptawrittencopyoftheexactwordsthatsomeonesaidUndisciplinednotwellcontrolled,wellorganizedorwellplannedYoungishquiteyoungUnderstandingthetextPartAMakingnotesAGoodTeacherAGoodStudentEnthusiasm,interestinstudents,knowledgeableInsubjectsbeingtaught,well-organized,confident,strictbuthumorous,beingwellbalancedinmanyways,Keentolearn,havinggoodstudyskills,notnecessarilyclever,nottooseriousabouttheirstudies,keentoaskquestions,beingwellbalancedbetweenseriousstudyandfunPartBComprehendingthetext1.c)2.d)3.a)4.b)5.d)6.d)7.a)8.d)9.d)lO.c)PartCInterpretingthetext1.Becausetheynevergetdowntostudyingproperly.2.Perhapsshethoughtheasateacher——mightbesurprisedthatastudentactuallyappreciatedstrictness(becausethatteacherhelpedthestudentstomakerealprogress);soshethenwantedtoknowhisthoughts.3.Becausewithoutotherinterestsastudentwouldneverdoanythingelse,andthisisclearlynothealthy:mixingwithothersisveryimportanttoo.

281.Because“know-alls“mightbeusedbytheteachertohide-ordisguise——thefactthatsomemembersoftheclassarefallingbehindandnotlearningwell.2.Notreally.Hercommentsarebasedlargelyonherperceptions——andperceptionsmaybemoresubjectivethanobjective.However,sheclearlyisintelligent——sherecognizesherselfthat,sincesheisreferringtopeoplesheknowspersonally,“perhaps1can7seethemclearly''.DevelopingyourskillsPartBDistinguishingfactsformopinionsLaura'sopinionsReasonsEstablishedFactsReasons•Enthusiasm•Wellorganizedandconfident•t4actor^^skills•thinkthat•44Actuallymostkidsdon'tlikeundisciplinedclasses/*•"Ithinkyouhavetobeabitofanactor.”•Cannotdescribe'teachersingeneral”.•”...theyareall...different…”ExtendingyourvocabularyPartAAdjectivesNounAdjectiveVerb1EnthusiasmEnthusiasticEnthuse2HumorHumorous3OrganizationOrganizedOrganize4QualificationQualifiedQualify5BoredomBoredBore6SenseSensibleSense7CrashCrashCrash8FirmFirmFirm9BalanceBalancingBalance10InterestInterestedInterest11DifferenceDifferentDiffer12ClearanceClearClear13MiseryMiserable14EagernessEagerPartBClozesentences1.miserable,personality2.nickname3.respected4.interested

291.humourous,obviously2.interesting,Actually3.enthusiastic4.finn5.qualified6.jaw

30Unit10EyelessSightWordstonoteaccusationsclaimsthatsomeonehasdonesomethingillegalorwrongbandageslongthinpiecesofcloththatyouwraparoundaninjuredpartofyourbodyblindfoldsomethingthatistiedoversomeone'seyessothattheycannotseebrailleareadingsystemforblindpeoplethatusessmallraisedmarksthattheyfeelwiththeirfingerscompensatetochangeorremovethebadresultofsomethingdifferingdifferentfromeachotherorfromsomeoneorsomethingelseimmenselyveryorverymuchpatchesareasthataredifferentfromwhatsurroundsthempeakthetimewhensomethingisatitshighestorgreatestlevelpsychologistsomeonewhostudieshowpeople'smindsworkandhowthisaffectstheirbehaviorrejecttorefusetotakesomethingridiculedmadesomeoneorsomethingseemsillybymakingfunoftheminanunkindwaysensitivityatendencytohaveastrongphysicalreactiontosomethingsensoryrelatingtothesensesofsight,hearing,smell,taste,andtouchsonarapieceofequipment,similartoradar,thatmeasuresthedepthofwaterorshowsthepositionofobjectsunderthewatertipsnarroworpointedends,especiallyofsomethinglongorthintonguethelongsoftpieceoffleshfixedtothebottomofyourmouththatyouusefortasting,speaking,etc.whiskerslong,stiffhairsthatgrownearthemouthofsomeanimalsUnderstandingthetextPartA:Comprehendingthetextl.d)2.c)3.b)4.c)5.d)PartB:findingjpecificinformationinthetextDescriptionofSubjectsCountryofOrigin(ifknown)PartsofBodywhich“see”ScientifictestscarriedoutSamoahands(cannotassumetheyareFrench)Noseorfingertips(cannotassumesheisItalian)Brightlightshoneonear-backedawayasifinpainBlindboyinScotlandGirlinVirginiaBandagesandtape

31overeyes—distinguishdifferentcolorsandreadlargeprintTipsoffingersBlind-folded/screened/allvisionobstructed-readnewspaperwithelbowRussiaRussiaPartC:Interpretingthetext10.Anintenseinterestinthepossiblerealityof“eyelesssight”11.A”sixthsense"doesn'tseemto“makesense*'.Ourreasontellsus,forexample,thatweonlyseewithoureyes——andcertainlynotwithourelbows1but,puttingreasontooneside,Peoplehavelongspokenofasixthsense;peoplebelieveitexists,thoughitisnotfullydeveloped.Asthemind,andtheabilitytoreason,developinachild,the“normaTsensesaremorefullycontrolledbythemind.Andthemindtendstorejectwhatitcannotexplain.12.Becausethewholepersonalityofchildrenismoreopenandgrowing.Themindhasnot,yet,“gainedcontrol”.Childreninwesterncountries“believein“SantaClausastheygrowoldertheydiscardthisbelief-andofcourseitisreasonabletodoso.ButdoesthismeanthattheconceptofSantaClauseistotallyfalse?4.Acat'swhiskershelpittodetectdanger,andhencetosurvive.Itswhiskersareextremelysensitivetoitssurroundings--一justlikeanextra,ora“sixthsense”.DevelopingyourskillsTechniqueExamplesInItaly,thescientistCesareLombrosodiscoveredablindgirlwhocould“see”withthetipofhernose...In1956,ablindschoolboyinScotlandwastaughttotellthedifferencebetweendifferentcoloredlights...InItaly,thescientistCesareLombrosodiscovered...In1960,amedicalboardexaminedagirlinVirginia...In1962,herphysiciantookhertoMoscow,whereshewasexaminedbythesovietAcademyofScience...Whenshewastestedbyapsychologist...Incarefullycontrolledtests...Hediscoveredthroughcountlessteststhat...Thesefewexamples,takenfromthethousandsofpossibleexamples...

32...aboutoneineverysixpeoplecouldlearntotellthedifferencebetweentwocolorsafteronlyanhour'straining.Therewassoonaclassofabout80studentstraininginwhatwasbeingcalledeyelesssight....thephenomenonof“eyelesssight“isobviouslynotnew....shelearnedtodootherunbelievablethingswithherhands.Itisclearthatdifferenttypesandstrengthsoflightaffectthecellsindifferentways...Itisclearthatwedoinfact,allhaveanadditionalsense......our“reason"or"intelligence"rejectswhatcouldbeawonderfulabilitysimplybecauseitdoesn'tunderstandit...Hopefully,oneday,...our“reason“willbeabletoacceptthisabilityasnormal,evenifitcannotexplainorunderstandit.Allweneedisagreaterfaithinourownabilities...Weoftenreadofcaseswhereadisabilityinonesensecanleadtoanotherofthesensesbecomingextremelywell-developedtocompensate.Itseemsthatthehumanbodyhasasimilarsystemtothatofthebatorthewhale...Itis“feeling“theareaarounduslikethewhiskersofacat...ExtendingyourvocabularyVerbformofthewordNounformofthewordcompensationdiscoverydescriptionaccusedifferentiatereflectionrespondidentificationrepetitionappreciationreceptionrejectionexplanationUseanyofthewordsfromthetableabovetocompletethefollowingsentences.1.differentiate2.appreciation,difference3.compensate4.description5.repetition

33PartBwordforms:adjectivesNowusetheadjectiveformofsomeofthewordsinthetableabovetocompletethewordpuzzlebelow.1DESCRIPTIVE2REPETITIVE31DENTIFYING4REFLECTIVE5COMPENSAT0RY6REsPONSIBLE7APPRECIATIVE8EXPLANATORY9RECEPT1VEClues:1.descriptive2.repetitive3.identifying4.reflective5.compensatory6.responsible7.appreciative8.explanatory9.receptivewriteasentenceusingthe“hiddenword“youhavediscoveredifyouranswersarecorrect.AlthoughIheylivein(hesamebuilding,sueandJimgolodifferentschools.

34Unit11SuperstitionsWordstonoteassociatedconnectedto(something)insomewaycharmsthingsthatpeoplebelievebringthemluckdenialsstatementsthatsomethingisnottrueordidnothappenemberspiecesofwoodorcoalthatarestillhotandredafterafirehasstoppedburningfairiesimaginarycreatureswithmagicpowersthatlooklikesmallhumanswiththingsfireplaceaplaceinaroomwhereafireburnsfoulunpleasantorevilhorseshoeacurvedpieceofironfastenedtothebottomofahorse'shoofinhabitedhavingpeoplelivinginitmocktomakesomeoneorsomethinglookstupidbylaughingatthemnavalrelatingorbelongingtoacountry'ssea-goingmilitaryforcepreservingkeepingaliveorfreshforaverylongtimeregistrationtheprocessofrecordingnamesorinformationonanofficiallistrevengesomethingthatyoudotohurtorpunishsomeonebecausetheyhavehurtyouorsomeoneelseshroudapieceofcloththatiswrappedaroundadeadbodybeforeitisburiedsurnamethenamethatyousharewithothermembersofyourfamilyVikingspeoplefromScandinaviawhotraveledinshipsandattackedplacesinNorthernandWesternEuropeintheeighthtothetenthcenturiesUnderstandingthetextPartA:Comprehendingthetextl.F2.F3.F4.F5.T6.T7.T8.T9.F10.FPartB:Interpretingthetext13.Theauthorhasan“openmind”:whiletheoriginofsomecanbeexplainedhistorically,andperhapsdon7"makesenseMinthemodernworld,superstitionsremainanimportantconsiderationinthelivesofmanypeopletoday.14.Manypossiblereasons:a)Theirforebears(past^generationsnofseamen)believed—thecredibilitythereforegrowswitheachnewgeneration.b)Bureaucratsdon7alwaystellthetruth.SailorsknowthisandmaynotbelievethedenialsbytheAdmiralty.c)Seamenliveadangerouslife;eventheleastsuperstitioussailorsdon7wanttotakeextrariskssotheywouldnaturallybecautious.15.Paragraph6isimportanthere.Theunderlyingreasonisprobablythatgoodfoodanddrinkisessentialtogoodphysicalhealth.16.Becausetheycannever“bedefeatedbylogicalreasonHumanbeings,inotherwords,arenotjustrationalbeingsandbyimplicationweshouldrememberthiswhenwethinkotherpeoplearesuperstitious.17.Againseveralpointscanbemade.Forexample,theauthordoesnothaveanyproofaboutthethe

35sentencehelpstheauthorto“keephis/heroptionsopen”——i.e.adefiniteconclusionisavoided;thesentencerefersbacktoanumberofcommonsuperstitions;thereferencetofoursuperstitionsinonesentenceaddsalightheartedandhumorousnote—theexclamationmarksignalsthislightnote.DevelopingyourskillsPartA:SummarizinginformationintableformatActionBelievedResultReason/Origin(ifknown)sweepingoutthehouseatNewYearbringbadluckChinesebelieveinstronglinksbetweenlivinganddeadchoosingcertainnumbersforcarregistrationsbringgoodluckslightlydifferenttonechangesuggestsgoodluckavoidingdoingsomethingimportantonFridaysFridayisa“dangerous”dayFridaywasthedaywhenJesusdiedtouchingwoodbringgoodlucktreesarehomeforaspecialgodkeepingsalt“safe”——notspillingitsaltprotectslifetheonlywaytopreservemeatinwinterstirringfoodinthewrongdirectionthemealwouldbespoiltthe“right'fdirectionisthesameasthemovementofthesun-i.e.itwas“natural"and“normal“andthereforegoodtakingembersfromoldfireplacetonewhomebringgoodluckfromtheoldtothenewhomehouseholdgodsprotectthehome;theirhomeisthefireplacecuttingacrossinloafofbreadwhilebakinghelpbreadtoriseandthedeviltoleavepreventthedevilfromhidinginsidetheloafnotallowing13peopletoeatfromthesamemateriel^preventbadluckandbetrayal13peoplewereatthetableforJesus'lastsupperavoidingwalkingunderaladderprotectionfromdeathladderswereassociatedwithpublicexecutionPartB:Usingtopicsentencestohelpstructureatext.Underlinethekeywordsinthefollowingtopicsentencestakenfromthetext.Paragraph5:Toprimitivesocieties,itwasessentialthatthehomewasblessed...Paragraph6:Workinthekitchenisanareaoflifethatisparticularlyrichinsuperstitions.Paragraph7:Eventhediningtablehassuperstitioussignificance.Paragraph8:Outsidethehouse,therearemanymoresuperstitionsthatmaybringgoodorbadfortune.ChristmasandNewareimportantfestivalsinScotland,andmanysuperslilionsareassociatedwiththem.Forexample,youshouldcarryapieceofcoalonyourfirstvisitoftheNewYeartothe

36houseofyourfriends:thiswill“bringthemgoodluck”.Andyoushouldhopethatthefirstvisitortoyourhomewillhavedarkhair,asthiswillbringgoodlucktoyou.AndatChristinascertaindecorationsarebelievedtobringspecialblessings,whiledreamsofherfuturehusbandcanbeinduced,accordingtothesuperstition,ifayoungwomansleepswithsomemistletoeunderherpillow.ExtendingyourvocabularyPartA:Synonymsvanished-disapperaredespecially---particularlyparticular-certainluck-fortuneseajourney--voyagetravelbyair一一flycost-pricePartB:Wordfamiliespixieblanketamuletfireplacespritebedspreadmascothearthfairysheetcharmmantelpiecenymphcoverenchantmentfenderelfshroudspellchimney

37Unit12AShortStoryWordstonoteadaptedchangedtobemademoresuitableforsomethingorsomeoneborrowtoreceiveandusesomethingthatbelongstosomeoneelse,andpromisetogiveitbacktothemlatercheapnotexpensive,notofgoodqualitydisappearednothavebecomeimpossibletofindfakeacopyofsomethingsuchasapaintingorpieceofjewelrythatisintendedtotrickpeoplelooselynotinanexactordetailedwayluxuriesexpensivethingsthatyouenjoybutdonotreallyneedmentionedsomethingreferredtoduringaconversation,butwithoutdiscussingitmuchorgivingmanydetailsnonsenseideas,behavior,orstatementsthatarenottrueorsensiblepearlasmallroundjewelthatiswhiteandshinyandthatgrowsinsidetheshellofanoysterpretenceawayofbehavingthatdoesnothonestlyexpressyourrealfeelings,thoughts,orintentionspretendtobehaveinaparticularwaybecauseyouwantsomeonetobelievethatsomethingistruewhenitisnotsearchedtriedtofindsomethingorsomeonebylookingcarefullysuitedtobeconvenientorsuitableforsomeoneunlikelynotlikelytohappenwherebyaccordingtowhathasbeenreferredtoUnderstandingthetextPartA:Comprehendingthetext1.maincharactersareMarie,JimandGenevieve2.relationshipbetweenMarieandJimisofhusbandandwife3.relationshipbetweenMarieandGenevieveisoffriends4.problemsfacedbyMarieandJimarethattheyhadlittlemeetingofmindsabouttheimportanceofthedanceandthehadlittlemoney.5.solutionstotheproblemsarethatMariepersuadedJimandtheylimitedtheirexpenditureandtheyagreedtomakeitanonlyeventofitskind.6.priceofthenewnecklaceis2500Americandollars.7.surpriseattheendofthestoryisthatGenevieve'snecklacehadfakepearls.8.mainmessageofthestoryisthatrealfriendshipisnotbasedonpretence.PartB:Interpretingthetexts1.beforetheincident,MarieandGenevievehadarelationshipwhichMariethoughtwasfriendship,andaftertheincident.Genevievedidnotwanttocontinuetherelationship.

381.beforetheincident,JimsupportedMarie,butcouldnotaffordtheluxuriesthatMariethoughtwereimportant,andaftertheincident,Mariewentouttowork,sheenjoyedit,andstoppedpretendingtobewealthy.2.beforetheincident,pretentiousandrathershallow,andaftertheincident,morerealistic,downtoearth,honestandlikeable.3.beforetheincident,housewife,lifequitecomfortable,andaftertheincident,takinginotherpeople'swashing,sewingjobinashoeshop.4.beforetheincident,unrealistic,toomuchconcernedwithothers'opinions,andaftertheincident,realisticaboutwhatcouldmakeherhappy,probablymorecheerful.DevelopingyourskillsPartA:1."nonsense.Ifthereisanything...persuadehimtocomewithyou.^^“whyhaveyoutakenitoff?”“Ineverdidlikefakepearls.Youcanalwaystelltheyarefake.”2.Inafashionablepart—wholikedtopretendshewas.Hewasaverydowntoearth—withoutpretence.Butthemoretheydiscussedit—hiswifenottogototheball.3.NewYorkinabout1950.4.MarietalkingwithGenevieve,andbeingpersuadedbyher.JimtalkingwithMarie,andbeingpersuadedbyher.JimandMarieenjoyingthedance.Disappearanceofthenecklace.Purchaseofareplacementnecklace-for2500AmericandollarsandMarieconsequentlyhavingtogotoworktoearnmoneytohelppayforit.Genevieve'srejectionofMariebecause“womenwhowentouttowork”werenot“hersortofpeople”.Genevievewasasnob.Marie'scharacterchangesasaresultofherexperiences—sheenjoysworking.Andsheseesnowthefoolishnessofpretenceandpretentiousness.Marielaterlearnsthenecklacehadbeenafake—a“cheapoldthing”.5.Marie:notwealthybutlikedpeopletothinkshewas(atthebeginningofthestory).Ratherselfishatthebeginningofthestory.Beautiful.Honestandproud.Jim:Down-to-earth—notpretence.Likedsimplelife,workedhard,comfortableaboutwhohehas.Sensible—carefulwithmoney.Goodfamilyman.Lovedhiswife.Honestandproud.Gevieve:rich.Ratherpatronising.Arrogant(snobbish).Notveryconsiderateorgenuinetowardsherfriends.6.Stageone:Jimworkinghardtoimprovefinancialsituationofhisfamily,planningfbrthefuture.Marieratherselfishandwantingtoshowpeopleshewaswealthierthanshereallywas.WentoutwithGenevievetoexpensiveplaces.Stagetwo:PersuadingJimtogototheball,preparingfbrtheball,rentedsuitfbrJimandborrowedclothesandnecklaceforMarie.Stagethree:TheBall.Mariehappyandbeautiful.Jimproudofhiswife.Lostnecklace.Stagefour:Mariehadtoworktorepaynecklace.Jimwasalsoworkingveryhard.Nomoregoingtoexpensiveplaces.Mariestartedtorealizeshewaswrongbefore.Stagefive:theyhavepaidofftheloan.Lifehasimprovedforthemeventhoughtheyhavehadtowork

39hardandarepoorerthanbefore.Marienolongerpretendstobesomethingsheisnot.Lifeisgoodforthem.1.Thereareseveralpossibleanswerstothisquestion,buttheyallrelatetothesameevent-thelosingofthenecklace.ItcouldbesaidtheturningpointiswhenMarieborrowsthenecklace—buttheyareturningpointsbecausethenecklacewaseventuallylost.PartB:Mariechangedfrombeingpretentious,toobigforherboots,unrealisticandwithherheadintheclouds,toapleasanter,moredowntoearth,honestandprobablypleasanterandhappierperson.Studentscanobviouslysaymanydifferentthingshere,buttheimportantthingisthattheyshouldthinkoftheirownvaluesandtrytowritesomethingaboutthisinEnglish.Again,studentsmaysayavarietyofdifferentthings:theimportantpointisthattheyshouldsharesomethingofwhattheyreallythinkwiththeirpartner,inEnglish.ExtendingyourvocabularyPartA:Adjectives1.“pretentious“meansbehavinginawaythatisintendedtoimpressotherpeoplebutseemsfalseortoodeliberate.Mariewaspretentiousbecauseshelikedtopretendtoberich.2.“luxurious“meanssurroundbyluxury.Mariewastoopoortoenjoyluxurioussurroundings.3.“absent-minded"meansforgetful.Mariealmostcertainlywasthisway.4.“pragmatic“meansrealisticandacceptingtheboundariesofreality.Mariewasnotpragmaticatthebeginningofthestory—butherexperiencetaughtherpragmatism.5.“sophisticated“meansappreciativeofpleasuresandactivitieswhichareorwhichsophisticatedpeoplethinkaresuperiorandaboveaverage.Marieaspiredtosophisticationatthebeginningofthestorybutdevelopedapragmaticattitudeafterherexperiences:hernewpragmatismmirrorsJim's,andperhapssheseesacertainfalsenessinGenevieve'sso-calledsophistication..6.“innocent"meanschild-like,andeasilypersuadedbysuperiorpeople.Innocenceinchildrenisbeautiful,forMarieherinnocencecausedherunnecessaryworry.7.“unrealistic"meansnotbeingabletofacefacts.Thisisanantomyofpragmatisminmanyways.Mariebecomesrealisticasthestorydevelops.8.“tactful“meansthatifsomeoneistactful,heorshetriestosweetenthepill,statewhatistrueinasgentleawayaspossible.MariedidusetactinpersuadingJimtogotothedance.PartB:VocabularyincontextJimisdown-to-earthbecauseheneverpretendedtoberichJimispragmaticbecausehewasrealisticabouthissituation.JimisgoodheartedbecausehetriedhardtoprotectandpleaseMarie.GenevieveissnobbishbecausesheturnedherbackonMariewhenshehadtotakeajob.

40GenevieveisunkindbecauseshewasneitherarealfriendnorwasshetactfulinreferringtothenecklaceshehadloanedMarie(thatcheapoldthing...).Unit13AnEnglishNewTownWordstonoteavenuesboulevardscanalscarriagewaychaoticdinosaurdualemployeesexcavatorsfacilitieswide,straightroads,especiallyonewithtreesoneachsidewideroadsinatownorcity,oftenwithtreesalongthemartificialriversonesideofamajorroad,usedbyvehiclestravelinginthesamedirectionhappeninginaconfusedwayandwithoutanyorderororganizationafrequentlylargereptilethatlivedaverylongtimeagoandisnowextincthavingtwosimilaraspects,parts,orfunctionspeoplewhoarepaidregularlytoworkforapersonoranorganizationpeoplewhodiginthegroundinordertofindthingsfromthepastthings,suchasroomsorpiecesofequipmentthatareprovidedataplacefbrpeopletousegraciousgridhectaresillogicallyimposingmosaicoddityparaglidingshowingkindnessandgoodmannersapatternofstraightlinesthatcrosseachothertoformsquaresunitsformeasuringanareaofland,equalto10,000squaremetersinamannernotbasedonclearfacts,reasons,orprincipleslargeandimpressiveapatternorpicturemadeofmanysmallcolouredpiecesofstones,glasses,etc.someoneorsomethingthatseemsstrangeorunusualthesportofjumpingfromaplaneorahighplaceandfloatingslowlytothegroundwearingatypeofparachutethatallowsyoutocontrolwhereyougopremisesrecreateskeletonvillawindingthebuildingsandlandthatabusinessororganizationusestomakesomethingexistagainthesetofbonesandsupportsahumanoranimalbodyalargehousewithabiggarden,usuallyinawarmcountryorregionfollowingacourseorpaththatcurvesortwistsalotUnderstandingthetextPartA:Comprehendingthetext1.ThemainreasonfbrthedecisiontobuildMiltonKeyneswasIhatmanym[orBritishcitieswereovercrowdedandshortoffacilitiesThetownplannersinBritainatthattimewereexcitedbecausetheywereableI。imagineandconceiveabrand-newcity.2.car-ownersNotraffichold-ups.workersWorkplacesarecloseby.youngpeopleAgreatnumberofleisureactivitiesOthermajorcities(e.g.LondonandBirmingham)arenotfarawayeverybodyIt's"apleasantenvironmenttolivein”.3.

41DisadvantagesofMiltonKeynesPeopleAffected•Townis“builtforthecar".•Notmuchttcharacter^^.•Peoplewhodon'thaveacar.•Peoplewhoneedtofeelthe"warmth"and“personality"and"history”oftheirtown.PartA:Interpretingthetext1Townplannersimagined,conceivedandbuilta"completenewcity“onanareathatwasmainlyagriculturalland.Mostcitiesgrowandexpandslowlyovertime-MiltonKeyneswas“manufactured";virtuallyeveryothertownandcity,villageandhamlethasgrowninthe“unplanned“countryofEngland,overthedecadesandoverthecenturies.2Insomeways,yes.It'sfreeoftrafficproblems,unemploymentlevelsarelow,thereare“perhapshundreds"ofvariedleisurefacilities.Butit'sperhapsnotsuchasuccessforolderpeople—asMrsGoodallsuggestinquestion3.3.MrsGoodall'slongquotationmakesitclearthattherearesomeadvantagesandsomedisadvantages;thewriterisbalancinghis/herjudgmentbygiving“theothersideofthestory”.4.Characterisaqualitywhichevolvesovertime.MiltonKeyneswasbuiltfromablueprint,manufactured.ExtendingyourvocabularyhectaresfacilitiesexcavatorscanalswindingavenueimposingHlogicallypremisesvilla1.WideandelegantboulevardsgivecharactertoParis.2.Manycitiestodayarecriss-crossedbydualcarriageways.3.TrafficsnarlsoftencausechaoticconditionsinLondon.4.Thedinosaurhaslongbeenextinct.5.Severaltoolsperformdualfunctions.6.Employeessometimesarenotpaidtheirsalarieswhencompaniesgobankrupt.7.Thepresidentmadeagraciousgesturetotheoldlady,invitinghertositdown.8.Agirdisusefulforplanningandorganizingnewdevelopments.9.Amosaicisapicturecomposedofalargenumberofsmallpiecewhichfittogethertoformawhole.10.Thepersonwhodoesn'tdriveissomethingofanoddityinMiltonKeynes.11.Althoughit'sabitnerve-wracking,thesportofparaglidinggivesasenseofexhilaration.12.It'sverydifficulttorecreatethepast:MiltonKeyneshasessentiallyleftbehindthepastthatMrsGoodallremembers.13.Theskeletonisthemodelorframeworkformanythings,includinglivingcreaturesandnewly-buildcitiessuchasMiltonKeynes.

42Unit14PopulationDemandsWordstonoteAbusingAccommodateCardboardConsumingDiseasesusingsomethinginabad,dishonest,orharmfulwaytoprovideenoughspaceforsomethingorsomeoneverystiffthickpaper,usedespeciallyformakingboxesusingupillnessesthataffectpeopleoranimals,especiallythosethatarecausedbyinfectionEnsuringExceedsFossilmakingcertainthatsomethinghappensorisdonetobegreaterthan(anumberoramount)relatingtoanimalsorplants,orpartsofthem,thatlivedmanythousandsofyearsagoandarepreservedinrockorasapieceofrockFragileHumanityIncapableIncurableInhabitInnovationsPackagingeasytobreakordamageallthepeoplewhoarelivingintheworldunabletodosomethingnotabletobecuredtoliveinaparticularplacenewideas,methods,piecesofequipment,etc.theboxes,bottles,plastic,etc.usedfbrwrappingproductssothattheycanbesoldPasturelandRegulateSafeguardSanitationlandcoveredwithgrasswheresheep,cows,etc.arekepttocontrolanactivity,process,orindustryofficiallybyusingrulestoprotectsomethingorsomeonefrombeingharmedorhavingproblemsconditionsandprocessesrelatingtopeople'shealth,especiallythesystemsthatsupplywateranddealwithhumanwasteStaggeringextremelysurprisingUnderstandingthetextPartAComprehendingthetextl.a)2.d)3.d)4.a)5.b)6.b)PartBDiscourse1.thehugepopulation2.thefactthatalmost100millionpeoplearehorneveryyear3.thehugeannualgrowthinpopulation4.theincreaseinhumanlifespan5.babiesbominAfricaandIndia6.countriessuchasPapuaNewGuinea,BurmaandThailandPartCInterpretingthetext1.Thenumberofbirthsoveragivenperiodcomparedwiththenumberofdeathsoverthesameperiod.2.The“success“hasledtoanincreaseinpopulation.Peopleneedresources.Resourcesarefinite.Weareusinguptheseresourcestooquickly.Theseresources“keepusalive'9;weare^ensuingthattherewillbenotomorrow*',

431.“Capital”hereisfossilfuelsandmineraldeposits,andalsofertilesoils,groundwaterandotherspecies."Income"hereisthesunsenergy——andwhatthiscreates.2.byconsumingour“capital"and"destroyingtheveryresourceswhichkeepusalive'\wearenotpreparingforanyfuture.3.itis“fragile“becausemankindsoeasilydestroysMit——butpowerfur'becauseitcanrestoreitselfsowell:mankind'screations-eventhemostimpressive,suchastheGreatWallinChinaormanypyramidsinEgypt-haveaveryshortlife-spancomparedwiththe^life-span“ofnature.DevelopingyourskillsPartANote-takingParagraph1:b)paragraph2:c)paragraph3:a)paragraph4:c)paragraph5:b)Paragraph6:a)paragraph7:a)paragraph8:b)paragraph9:b)paragraph10:a)PartB^SummerywritingPopulationgrowthandmankind'sincreasedlife-spanthreatensourfuture,sinceourplanet'sresourcesarefinite;wearedepletingourresources,destroyingnaturesbalanceandendangeringtheplanetscapacitytorenewitsresources.Butweseemunawarethatwearetherebydestroyingthefutureforgenerationsyetunborn.Thedevelopednationsaremoreguiltythanthedevelopingonesbecausetheirindividualconsumptionisunnecessarilyhuge.Everyonehasadutytoprotectnature:unlessweactnow,mankindmaynotsurxive.ExtendingyourvocabularyPartAsuffixes-ation-ment-ionNounVerbNounVerbNounVerbPopulationPopulateAchievementAchieveExplosionExplodeAccommodationAccommodateDevelopmentDevelopDefinitionDefineConsiderationConsiderRequirementRequireDestructionDestroyInnovationInnovateEncouragementEncourageProductionProduceCreationCreateActionActConsumptionConsumePartBUsingprefixestoformnegatives/oppositesPrefixExamples

44In-Intolerant,insecure,insignificantUn-Unsatisfied,unclear,undecidedDe-Decode,deformed,de-emphasize,deconstructIr-Irresponsible,irregular,irrationalIm-Impolite,impermanent,impracticalMal-Malnutrition,malfunctionMis-Misuse,misplaceDis-Dissatisfied,displace,distrust,dislocate,discontinue7.Itisimpracticaltosolvealltheworldsproblemsbytomorrow.2.Butitsirresponsiblenottostartaddressingourproblemstoday.3.Nointelligentpersoncanremainundecided:theproblemisacute.4.Everyonecancontributetothesolution:nobodyscontributionisinsignificant.5.Therichworldneedstode-emphasizesomeofitssuperficialandshort-sightedpriorities.

45Unit15GesturesWordstonoteathletespeoplewhoaregoodatsports,especiallyathletics,andtakepartinsportscompetitionsblesstosayaprayeraskingforhelpandprotectionforsomeonecustomsthingspeopledothataretraditionalorusualdishonestwillingtodothingsthatarenothonest,forexampletellliesorstealthingsembarrassingmakingyoufeelnervousorashamedbecauseofwhatpeopleknoworthinkaboutyouexpressiveclearlyshowingwhatyourthoughtsorfeelingsare,especiallybyyourbehaviorsfistsyourhandswhenyourfingersareclosedtightlyhabitssomethingthatyoudofrequentlyorregularly,oftenwithoutthinkingaboutitimpolitenotpolite,rudeprizesrewardsyougetforbeingsuccessfulinasport,competition,orgame,orforbeingbetterthanothersatsomethingSpanishpeoplefromSpainstretchedmadeasstraightaspossiblethumbsthepartsatthesidesofyourhandsthatarelikewidefingersunfortunateexperiencingbadluck,orcausedbybadluckwinktoquicklycloseandopenoneeyeasasigntosomeone,forexampleasignthatwhatyouhavejustsaidisajokeorasecretUnderstandingthetextPartA:Comprehendingthetext5.Accordingtoparagraph1:Gesturesarecommonlyusedtocozn’ey。raddemphasistoourwords.Anexampleofaverypositivegestureistocloseandthenraisethumb.Atthe1968OlympicGames,theAmericanOlympicteamwasunhappybecausesomemembersmadethe“BlackPower"sign.6.Accordingtoparagraph2:TheexampleaboutthepeopleincafesinthreedifferentcountriesshowsthatiouchhigotherDeopleiscommo叩laceinsomesocieliesandalmostnon・exisienlinolhers.7.Accordingtoparagraph3:Itisimportanttoleamasocieiy'sacceptableformsofgreeiing.Acommonwaytogreetpeopleonfirstmeetingisioshakehands.InSudan,whenamanmeetsawomanheknows,theywalkpasteachother,withoutlookingateachother'sfacesandsayingatleastfourgreetings,suchqs"Peachbewith8.Accordingtoparagraph4:InpartsofAfrica,childrenwillleavetheroomwhen〃pare*winksatthem.Whenspeakingtoothers,itisdifficulttoknow〃。卬muchyoushoiddlookaltheeyesofthepersonarespeakingto.

46InEuropeandNorthAmerica,dishonestpeopleavoidlookinginpeople'seyes.5.Accordingtoparagraph5and6:Usingfingerstoeatiscommoninsomecountries,butonly卬〃〃thefingersoftherighihand.Toplaysafe,itisbetteriofollowthebehaviorofthepeopleyou'%eaiMgwifh.TheexampleaboutofferingfoodtootherpeopleonatraintravelinginSpainshowsthatcustomschangewithihepassageoftime.Thewriter'sadviceistobeobservantofthegestures皿〃以firespeakers.PartA:Interpretingthetext1.Completethefollowingtablebywritingadescriptionofthethemeofeachparagraphintheappropriatespace.ParagraphTheme1Gesturesarepartofcommunicating.Theycanbecomplex.2Touchingpeopleisagesture:peoplefromsomeareasusethismorethanothers.3It'simportanttolearnacceptableformsofgreetingwheninaforeigncountry.4Theeyesareoneofthemostexpressivepartsofthebodyfarmakinggestures.5Methodsofeatingalsovaryamongsocieties.6It'shelpfultoobservegesturesusedbynativespeakersifyouwanttolearnhowtheycommunicate.2.Thethemeofthewholetextisihallanguageandcommunicationinvolvemorethanspeech.PartB:SummarizingtheinformationinatextQuiteoften,theeasiestwaytosummarizeinformationinatextistoconverttheinformationintoatable.Completethefollowingtablebyfillinginthemissinginformation.Gesture/Greetings/EoodHabitsMessage(s)ConveyedPeople/PlacesInvolvedpointingatsomethingwithone'sfingertoindicatesomethinginterestingverymanypeopleinverymanycountriesthumbsuptoindicatethingsarefinenotinIranandBangladeshputtingclosedfistsintheairtoindicatehappiness,successandvictoryspeciallysomeblackactivists,especiallyinUSshakinghandstogreetsomeonewhenmeetingverycommonlyusedputtingarmsaroundotherstogreetsomeoneuponmeetingsomecountries(notspecified);mengreetingmenorwomengreetingwomenkissingeachotheronthecheekasagreetingSpainandFrance;mengreetingwomenputtingonekneeontheground,then,lookinginoppositedirectionsandsayingatleastfourtogreetsomeoneinSudan

47greetingsputtingthepalmofonehandagainsttheotherone,withthefingerstogetherandpointingupwardsasagreetinginIndialookingupintotheairtoindicatesomethingisnotseriousornottrueinEnglandandUSpointingtothingswithone'seyestoindicatesomethinginthePhilippinesclosingoneeye/winking•totellachildtoleavetheroom・tosignalthatsomethingisajokeornottrue•inpartsofAfrica•inEnglandleavingfoodonone'splatetoindicateyouhaveeatenenoughinIndonesiaofferingfoodtoothersaroundwhentravellingbytraininSpaintobefriendlyinSpain(butlesscommonnow)DevelopingyourskillsPartA:IdentifyingtopicsentencesReadthetextagainandcompletethefollowingtablebywritingthetopicsentence(s)ofthefirstthreeparagraphsinthecorrespondingboxes.ParagraphTopicSentence1Gesturesarethosemovements...towhatwearesayingwithwords.2Somecountriesusegesturesmuchmorethanothers3Oneofthefirstthings...istofcourse,greetings.PartB:IdentifyingexpansionsParagraph4:a)Paragraph5:a)ExpansionFunction:Givingexamplesof•Almostanypartofthebodycanbeused...•Foodhabitsalsovarygreatly...Manyspeciesofanimalsarenowunderthreatofextinction.Onereasonisthattheplaceswheretheycanpetfoodaredisappearingbecauseofmankindsencroachment.Interpersonalandcommunicationskillsareveryimportanttothosewhoworkinthebusinesssector.Withouteffectiveandefficientexchangeofideasandinformation,businesscannotthrive.ListeningtoEnglishradioprogrammeshelpsimprovelisteningskU\s.j

48otherusefulexerciseistolistentotapeswhicharepartofgoodEnglishcourses.OnlineshoppingisverycommoninalotofEuropeancountriesandNorthAmerica.InruralIndia,

49however,itisvirtuallynon-existent.Overthepastseveralyears,cloninghasbeenoneofthemostcontroversialissuesamongscientist.Itinvolvesdevelopingananimalpurelyinthelaboratory,byscientificandtechnical(ratherthannatural)processes.Anappleadaykeepsthedoctoraway.Thistellsustheimportanceofapplesinahumansdiet.ExtendingyourvocabularyPartA:Wordstonote1.embarrassing2.blessed3.dishonest4.gestures5.expressive6.Prize7.winked8.thumbs9.fist10.customsPartB:GeographicalnamesContinentsGeographicalNames1.AsiaChinaIranBangladeshthePhilippinesIndonesiaIndia2.EuropeLondonEnglandGermanyHollandBritainSwedenSpainGreeceFranceItaly3.NorthAmericaFloridaUnitedStates4.CentralAmericaPuertoRicoCaribbean5.AfricaSudanZairePartC:Peoplesandcultures•AmericaAmerican•SouthAfricaSouthAfrican•ChinaChinese•SpainSpanish/Spaniard•PortugalPortuguese•EuropeEuropeanGeographicalNamesPeoples/CulturesGeographicalNamesPeoples/Cultures

501.IranIranian9.BritainBritish2.BangladeshBangladeshi10.SwedenSwedish/Swede3.PuertoRicoPuertoRican11.GreeceGreek4.CaribbeanCaribbean12.FranceFrench5.EnglandEnglish13.ItalyItalian6.GermanyGerman14.SudanSudanese7.IndonesiaIndonesian15.IndiaIndian8.HollandDutch/Dutchman/Dutchwoman16.thePhilippinesPhilippine/Filipino

51Unit16RomanticFictionWordstonoteacceptedconsideredbymostpeopletobereasonable,right,ornormaladmittedtoagreethatsomethingistrue,especiallywhenyouareunhappy,sorry,orsurprisedaboutitdebtsamountofmoneythatoweeldestoldestofthepeopleinagroup,especiallythechildreninafamilyentertainedbehavedinawaythatpeopleenjoyedorfoundinterestinggamblinganactivityinwhichyouriskmoneyinthehopeofwinningmoremoneyifyouareluckyofifyouguesssomethingcorrectlygroundsareasofland,especiallyaroundhorsemanamanwhorideshorsesforpleasureorsport,especiallysomeonewhoisgoodatridingneighborspeoplewholivenearyouopinionsattitudesyouhavetowardssomething,especiallyyourthoughtsabouthowgooditispersuadetomakesomeoneagreetodosomethingbygivingthemreasonswhytheyshouldrefusetosaythatyouwillnotdosomethingthatsomeonehasaskedyoutodosupporttoapproveofanideaorapersonoranorganizationandhelpthemtobesuccessfulsupposedbelievedorsaidbysomepeopletobetrue,althoughyoumaynotagreewiththisunexpectedlywithoutbeinganticipatedwastednotusedeffectivelywittycleverandfunnyWordstonoteincontext1.Elizabethacceptedherfather'sdecision,althoughshedisagreedwithit.Shewoulddowhathesaid.2.ElizabethadmittedherideasaboutDarcyhadbeenwrong.3.Wickhamhadmoredebtsthanhecouldmeet.DarcyrealizedthatWickhamhadfinancialproblems.4.Theeldestsisterswerequiteclever.Iamnotsureabouthowclevertheyoungeroneswere.5.Elizabethentertainedthequestsbyplayingthepiano.6.Wickhamlostlotsofmoneybygambling.7.Darcyenjoyedwalkingintheextensivegroundsofhislargehouse.8.Wickhamwasanexcellenthorseman:hisridingskillsimpressedeveryone.9.Darcy'sneighborsthoughthewasagoodman.10.Elizabeth'sopinionsaboutDarcychangedasthestoryproceeded.11.Shecouldn'tpersuadeMr.BennetttokeepLydiaathome.12.Mr.BennettrefusedtoheedElizabeth'sadviceandwarning.Atthattime,afatherwasnotlikelytolistentoadaughter'sideas.

521.Middle-classwomenweren'tabletosupportthemselvesbygettingajobinEnglandinthe19thcentury.2.LotsofpeoplesupposedWickhamtobehonestanddecent,butDarcyknewhehadmanyfaults.3.DarcyreturnedunexpectedlytohishomewhileElizabethwasthere.4.Helookeddirtyanduntidyasresultofhislongjourney.5.WickhamwastedthemoneyDarcygavehim.Anotherpersonwouldhaveusedthemoneycarefully.6.ManypeopleenjoyedWickham'scompanybecauseofhiswittyconversation.UnderstandingthetextPartA:ComprehendingthetextCompletethetablebelowbyfillingkeyinformationaboutthestory.KeyinformationSetting-Approving200yearsago-Ruralenvironment-familynotrich,butnot"workingclass”MainCharacters-ElizabethandDarcy-JaneandCharlesBingley-Mr.andMrs.Bennett-Mr.WickhamMajorIncidents-JanefellinlovewithCharlesBingley.-Darcyinterferedwiththisrelationship.-Mr.WickhamtoldElizabethsomebadthingsaboutDarcy.-ElizabethincreasinglydislikedDarcy;sherefusedhismarriageproposal.-DarcytoldElizabethMr.Wickhamwasnottruthful—hewastedotherpeople'smoney,andhelied.-ElizabethheardverypositivenewsaboutDarcyfromotherpeoplewhoknewhimwell;shestartedtoreviewherownprejudiceagainsthim.-ThenDarcyintervenedtohelpElizabeth'ssister,Lydia,andthereforeherfamily.EndingElizabethnowacceptedDarcyinmarriage,havingchangedheropinionsabouthim.AndDarcychangedhismindaboutJanemarryingCharles.MajorMessage(s)Everyonecanchangehis/herminds,discardhis/herprejudicesandhis/herpride.InterpretingtheText

53ElizabethDarcyWickhamBackgroundMiddle-class.Notrich,butnothavingtoworkVeryrich.Appearingasnob,butinfactnot.Soldier.NomoneyofhiswonbutsupportedbyDarcyStrengths-Intelligent-HonestTryingtohelplessfortunatepeople.-Handsome-WittyWeaknessesToogullible(believingthingstooeasily)-Interfering-Outwardlyveryreticent(Thiscouldseenasastrength,perhaps)-Dishonestandtooglib-gambling-WastingmoneyMajordeeds-VisitedPemberley-Weighedevidenceandchangedhermind-PersuadedCharlesnottomarryJane;-RefusedtoemployWickhambutpaidhimmoney;-PaidWickhammoremoneytopersuadehimtomarryLydiaandsavethefamily.-LiedaboutDarcy-PersuadedLydiatoelopeMostimpressivecharacter(explainyourchoice)-WithoutWickham,ofcourse,thereisnostory...-ButbothElizabethandDarcyareimpressive,ofcourse,especiallyintheircouragetochangethemselvesandtoadmitthattheyhadbeenwrong.DevelopingyourskillsPartA;Identifyingthebackgroundofastory1.Peoplewerecategorizedintodifferentsocialclasses.Paragraph3:AfriendofhiscalledMr.Darcy...persuadedhimnotmarryJanebecauseshewasnotfromarichfamily.2.Ridingwasapopularsocialactivity,especiallyamongtheupperclass.Paragraph4:Hewasasoldierandaverygoodhorseman.3.Familytieswerecloser.Paragraph5:Butshenotonlyrefusedhim,shealsotoldhimitwasbecausehehadmadehersisterunhappy,...4.Societywasabitconservative.Paragraph10:Noonewouldmarryanyofthesistersnow.5.Therewerenotmanyopportunitiesforclimbingupsocialladder.Paragraph5:...buthestillthoughtthathewasright,becauseshewaspoor,...6.Men'sstatuswas,ingeneral,higherthanthatofwomen.Paragraph2:...whenawomangotmarriedherfatherhadtopaythenewhusbandagreatdeal

54ofmoney.1.Theeconomicclimatewasnotgood.Paragraph10:...andwhenMr.Bennettdiedtheywouldlosetheirhome.Howwouldtheysurvive?TheonlywaytosavethemselveswastopersuadeWickhamtomarryLydia.Identifyingthechronologicalsequenceofastoryle2a3f4k5i6c718j9qlOdlib12h13m14o15ng17pExtendingyourvocabularyPartA:AdjectivesAdverbsAdjectivesAdverbsgreatgreatlydifferentDifferentlyclevercleverlypoorPoorlyrichrichlysensibleSensiblyangryangrilyhonestHonestlypolitepolitelyunhappyunhappilyuntidyuntidilydirtydirtilyproudproudlyterribleterriblyPartB:Vocabularyincontexte.g.fornumber3■--IfIwereLydia,IwouldstronglyresentandbeangryaboutthegreatinfluencetheextremelyrichDarcyplayedinmylife.Iwouldfeelsecretlyunhappythatonegreatman,sodifferentfrommeinbackground,couldunexpectedlychangemylife.Althoughhebehavedkindly,inhisownopinion,Iwouldregardhimasjusttooclever:mylife,althoughIwaspoorandalthoughWickhamtreatedmelikeadirtynobody,wasmine,notDarcy's.Iwouldneverspeakangrilytohim,andIwouldbehavepolitelytohim,butIwouldprefertheuntidymessofmyownindependencetohisinterferingand”do-gooding”.

55Unit17Aesop'sFablesWordstoNoteAdvisersomeonewhosejobistogiveadviceonsubjectstheyknowalotabout,forexamplepoliticsorfinancialmatters.ApproachedmovedclosertosomeoneorsomethingAttitudesomeone\opinionsorfeelingsaboutsomething,especiallyasshownbytheirbehaviorCrowalargeblackbirdthatmakesaloudsoundcalledcawingCunningabletouseone'sintelligencetogetwhatonewants,especiallybytrickingorcheatingpeopleDarttomakeasudden,quickmovementsomewhereFeathersthenarrowtubeswiththinsofthairsoneachsidethatcoverabird'sbodyFlatterypraisethatisnotsincerebutisintendedtogetsomethingthatyouwantHareananimalsimilartoarabbitbutwithabiggerbodyandlongerearsandlegs,thatcanrunveryfastMangeralonglowopencontainerthathorsesorcowseatfromMisfortunesharmfulorunpleasantthingsthathappentosomeoneMoralsomethingthatyoucanlearnfromastoryoranexperiencePersuadetomakesomeoneagreetodosomethingbygivingthereasonswhytheyshouldPicks(up)toliftsomeoneorsomethingupfromasurfaceReferreddescribedbyaparticulartermSnoringbreathingnoisilywhileyousleepTortoiseananimalthatwalksslowlyandcanpullitsheadandlegsintotheshellonitsbackUnderstandingthetextPartAComprehendingthetextl.d)2.b)3.d)4.b)5.c)6.c)7.b)PartBInterpretingthetext1.Theideasandthemesapplytopeopleofanyageandfromallcultures:theydrawonuniversalhumanexperience.2.Heangeredthepeoplebybeingtoostemandperhapsself-righteous.Perhapshe'triedtogiveonelesstoomany...”3.Encouragestudentseithertodrawontheirownexperience-e.g.perhapsaclassmateintheirsecondaryschoolwastoo“cocky“andself-confidentanddidnotdoaswell,intheend,asthosewho“plodded“conscientiouslythroughtheirstudies.Theteachermightalsointroducetheproverb“Hewholaughslast,laughslongest.^^4.e.g.:Ayoungmanwhoistooproud(teach“toobigforhisboots")boastsand“brags”somuchabouthisabilitiesthatthemanagerwhohasjustofferedhimajobbeginstoworryabouthisreliabilityandhismaturity.Themanagerconsultsaseniorcolleague,andtogethertheydecidethattheyoungmanisnotsuitable:attheendofhisfirstweekheisdismissed.

56DevelopingyourskillsExplainingthemeaningsofproverbs1.Abirdinthehandisworthtwointhebush:somethingthatyouactuallypossessisworthmuchmorethanthepotentialofpossessingdoubletheamount2.Astitchintimesavestime:Ajobdoneearlywillsaveagreatdealoftimeandeffortlater3.Don'tcountyourchickensbeforetheyarehatched:Youmustnotassumesomething(usuallysomethinggood)beforeitactuallyhappens4.Don'ttrytorunbeforeyoucanwalk:Youshouldnottrytodosomethingdifficultuntilyouhavelearnedthemorebasicstagesoftheprocess.5.Amistymorningmayhaveafineday:Somethingwhichstartsbadlycanoftenimprovelater.6.Thesweetestgrapeshangthehighest:Thebestthingsinlifeusuallytakemoreefforttoachieve.7.Easycome,easygo:Something(usuallygood)thattakesnoefforttogainisalsoeasilylost.8.Don'tputthecartbeforethehorse:Concentrateonthemoreimportantthingsbeforethelessimportantthings.9.Everycloudhasasilverlining:Somethinggoodcanalwayscomefromlessgood.10.Youcanleadahorsetowaterbutyoucan'tmakeitdrink:Itispossibletoshowothersthebestwaybutitistheirdecisionastowhetherornottheytakeit.1.Letsleepingdogslie:Ifsomethingpotentiallydangerousortroublesomeispeacefulandnotbotheringanybody,donotdisturbitorinanyway"re・waken”it.2.Youcan'tteachanolddognewtricks:Somebodywhohasbeendoingsomethinginonewayfbralongtimefindsitverydifficulttochangethewayheorshedoesit.Theolderapersongets,themoredifficultitistoacceptchange.3.Bewareofasilentdogandsilentwater:Thingsthatarepotentiallydangerousbutwhichatthattimelookpeacefulandharmlessshouldbetreatedwithcaution.4.Ifyouliedownwithdogs,youwillgetupwithfleas:Ifapersonassociatedwithbadpeople,heorshewilltakeonsomeoftheirbadhabitsorreputation.ExtendingyourvocabularyFaster►slower54321FlyingSpeedingMarchingAmblingInchingRushingSprintingStridingStrollingCreepingDashingHurryingHasteningMovingEdgingroaringshootingNippingTrudgingspringingplodding

5754321GorgeousExquisiteStunningstupendousWonderfulMagnificentmarvelousPleasantLovelyprettyAwfulDreadfulTerribleHorribleGhastlyFrigtfulhorrendousRepulsiveRevoltingHideousgrotesqueMoreattractivelessattractive1.Theoldmanwastrudgingalongthesidewalk.2.Theharedashedoffandthetortoiseinchedforward.3.Thejobapplicanthurriednervouslytowardshisinterview.4.Thepensionersonholidaystrolledlazilyalongthebeach.5.Thedonkey,withitsheavyload,ploddedlaboriouslyalongthemountainpath.6.Theviewfromthemountain-topwasmagnificent.7.Hesufferedgrotesquebumsinthefire.8.Thelittlegirllookedveryprettyinherpartydress.9.AnexquisitemealwaspreparedbytheMasterChef.10.MissWhitelookedstunningassheposedforphotographs.