本科毕业设计外文 翻译

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1、Section3Designphilosophy,designmethodandearthpressures3.1Designphilosophy3.1.1GeneralThedesignofearthretainingstructuresrequiresconsiderationoftheinteractionbetweenthegroundandthestructure.Itrequirestheperformanceoftwosetsofcalculations:1）asetofequilibriumcalculationstodeterminetheoverallpropor

2、tionsandthegeometryofthestructurenecessarytoachieveequilibriumundertherelevantearthpressuresandforces;2）structuraldesigncalculationstodeterminethesizeandpropertiesofthestructuralsectionsnecessarytoresistthebendingmomentsandshearforcesdeterminedfromtheequilibriumcalculations.Bothsetsofcalculatio

3、nsarecarriedoutforspecificdesignsituations(see3.2.2)inaccordancewiththeprinciplesoflimitstatedesign.TheselecteddesignsituationsshouldbesufficientlySevereandvariedsoastoencompassallreasonableconditionswhichcanbeforeseenduringtheperiodofconstructionandthelifeoftheretainingwall.3.1.2Limitstatedesi

4、gnThiscodeofpracticeadoptsthephilosophyoflimitstatedesign.Thisphilosophydoesnotimposeuponthedesigneranyspecialrequirementsastothemannerinwhichthesafetyandstabilityoftheretainingwallmaybeachieved,whetherbyoverallfactorsofsafety,orpartialfactorsofsafety,orbyothermeasures.Limitstates(see1.3.13)are

5、classifiedinto:a)ultimatelimitstates(see3.1.3);b)serviceabilitylimitstates(see3.1.4).Typicalultimatelimitstatesaredepictedinfigure3.Rupturestateswhicharereachedbeforecollapseoccursare,forsimplicity,alsoclassifiedandtreatedasultimatelimitstates.Ultimatelimitstatesinclude:a)instabilityofthestruct

6、ureoranyhartofit,includingsupportsandfoundations,consideredasarigidbody;b)failurebyruptureofthestructureoranypartofit,includingsupportsandfoundations.3.1.3Ultimatelimitstates3.1.3.1GeneralThefollowingultimatelimitstatesshouldbeconsidered.Failureofaretainingwallasaresultof:a)instabilityoftheeart

7、hmass,e.g.aslipfailure,overturningorarotationalfailurewherethedisturbingmomentsonthestructureexceedtherestoringmoments,atranslationalfailurewherethedisturbingforces(see1.3.8)exceedtherestoringforcesandabearingfailure.Instabilityof