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IstherelifeoutsideofEarth?地球外存在生命？Scientistshavelongbeenlookingforlifeinouterspace.TheyrecentlyfoundsomethingexcitingonVenus(金星),theplanetclosesttoours.Britishscientistshavediscoveredphosphinegas(磷化氢)inVenus’atmosphere(大气层).Phosphineisapromisingsignoflife.OnEarth,phosphineisproducedwhenorganic(有机的)matterbreaksdown.ThesamethingcouldbehappeningonVenus.Still,scientistsneedtosendaprobe(探颔器)toVenustoseewhetherlifeexiststhere.Infact,Venushaslongbeenignoredinthesearchforlifeduetoitshightemperaturesandatmosphericpressure.Venusisthehottestplanetinthesolarsystem(太阳系)—itssurfacetemperatureis470ºC,whichishotenoughtomeltspacecraft.Thepressurethereis92timesgreaterthanthatonEarth.Evenifhumanscouldbeartheheat,theywouldbecrushed(粉碎)bythepressure.However,it’spossiblethatlifecouldexistintheplanet’satmosphere.Temperaturesthereareabout-1ºCto93°C,whichisfarmoresuitableforlife.ThepressurethereissimilartothatofEarthaswell.ThephosphinewasfoundinVenus’cloudyatmosphere—around60kilometresaboveitssurface.Phosphineisknownasanindirectsignoflife.Soaregaseslikemethaneandozone(臭氧).ScientistsfocusonsuchsignswhentheylookforlifeoutsideofEarth.Thesegasescanexistintheatmospheresofplanetsforalongtime,allowingscientiststofindthemwiththehelpoftelescopesandprobes.However,itisliquidwaterthatisconsideredtobethemostimportantsignoflife.()1.WhichplanetisthenearesttoEarth?A.Themoon.B.Thesun.C.Mars.D.Venus.()2.WherehaveBritishscientistsdiscoveredphosphinegas?A.Inthesolarsystem.B.Onthemoon.C.InVenus’atmosphere.D.InMars’atmosphere.()3.WhycouldlifeexistinVenus’atmosphere?A.BecauseVenus’surfacetemperatureis470幻.B.BecausethereisphosphineinVenus’cloudyatmosphere.C.Becausethepressurethereis92timesgreaterthanEarth’s.D.Becausescientistshavefoundthemwiththehelpoftelescopesandprobes.()4.Whatdoestheunderlinedphrase"breaksdown"meaninChineseinParagraph2?A.分解B.爆发C.故障D.粉碎
1CommonMythsaboutspace关于太空的常见误解OntheInternet,wecanoftenreadinteresting“facts”aboutspace.Butdoyouknowthatsomeofthemarewrong?Perhapstheyshouldbethrownintoablackhole!Myth1:Thesunisyellow.Manypeoplebelievetheafternoonsunisyellow.However,thelightitgivesoutiswhite.Theearth’satmospheremakesthestarappearyellow.ThiseffectiscalledRayleighscattering(瑞利散射).Itisalsowhatmakestheskyappearblue.(Theskyis,infact,asclearasglass.)Myth2:Theasteroidbelt(小行星带)isdangerous.Manymoviespicturetheasteroidbeltasadangerousplace.Itiscrowdedwithrocksthatrunintoeachother.However,thesemoviesarewrong.Theasteroidbeltisaverylonelyarea.Infact,ifyoupulledalltheasteroidstheretogether,theywouldonlybeaboutfourpercentoftheweightofthemoon.That’swhyscientistsgetexcitedwhentheyhappentoseeevenoneasteroidcrashingintoanother.Myth3:TheGreatWallofChinaistheonlyman-madestructurethatcanbeseenfromspace.Italldependsonwhereyoubelievespacebeginsabovetheearth.FromtheInternationalSpaceStation,youcanseetheGreatWallandmanyotherstructures.Fromthemoon,youcan’tseeanystructures,butyoumayseesomecitylights.Myth4:Themoonisveryclosetotheearth.Sometimes,themoonlooksveryclose.Itseemslikeyoucanalmosttouchit.Infact,themoonisabout385,000kilometresawayfromtheearth.IfyoutakeaBoeing747andflytothemoonatfullspeed,thejourneywilltakeabout17days!1.Whatistheauthor’spurposeinwritingthisarticle?______________________________________________________________________________2.WhatcolourdoesRayleighscatteringwhichmakesthesunappearyellowmakeourskyappear?______________________________________________________________________________3.Accordingtothearticle,whydoscientistsgetexcitedwhentheyhappentoseeevenoneasteroidcrashingintoanother?______________________________________________________________________________4.Accordingtotheauthor,whatman-madestructurescanweseefromthemoon?______________________________________________________________________________5.Theremaybemanywrong“facts”ontheInternet.Inyouropinion,howcanwepreventourselvesfrombecomingmisinformedbythesewrong“facts”?(Listatleasttwopoints.)______________________________________________________________________________
2NeverstopexploringMars火星探索从未停止Manycountries,includingtheUS,Russia,Japan,IndiaandsomeEuropeancountrieshavelaunched(发射)theirownMarsprobes(探测器).Today,eightofthemarestillworkinginspace.TheexplorationofMarsgoesonandon.In1962,theformerSovietUnionlaunchedMars1.Buttheprobelostitsconnectionwhenitflew100millionkilometresawayfromEarth.Althoughthemissionfailed,itwasoneofthefirstMarsmissionsinhistory.In1964,NASA’sMariner4flewpastMarsandwastheearliestprobetotakepicturesoftheplanet.Fromthenon,theUShasbeentheleaderinMarsexploration.ThecountryhasmadethemostdiscoveriesonMarssofar.Forexample,itsMarsrover(探测车)Curiosity(2011)isstudyingwhetherMarsmightbeOKforhumanstoliveon.TheroverInsight(2018)detectedMartianquakes(震动).ThesetworoversarestillworkingonMars.In2003,theEuropeanSpaceAgency(ESA,欧洲航天局)launchedtheMarsExpress.TheprobeisinMarsorbit.Itfoundmethane(甲烷)intheatmosphere(大气)ofMars.In2014,IndialauncheditsMangalyaanprobeintoMarsorbit.ItstudiestheclimateandsurfaceofMars.In2020,ChinaandtheUSarebothstartingnewMarsmissions.ThisisChina’sfirstMarsmission.ItisnamedTianwen-1.TheUSwillsendtheroverPerseverancetoMars.Itsjobistolookforsigns(迹象)oflifeandbringrockandsoilsamples(样本)backtoEarth.In2022,ESAandRoscosmos(俄罗斯联邦航天局)willstarttheExoMarsmission.AprobewillflytoMars.Itwilltakeafewmonths.Itisgoingtofindoutiflifeeverexistedontheplanet.TheUSplanstosendastronauts(宇航员)toMarsin2030.()1.HowmanyMarsprobesarestillworkinginspace?A.5.B.6.C.7.D.8.()2.WhendidtheformerSovietUnion’sprobeloseitsconnection?A.Whenitwas100millionkilometresawayfromMars.B.Whenitflew100millionkilometresawayfromEarth.C.Attheverybeginningofthemission.D.WhenitlandedontheMars.()3.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“existed”meaninChineseinParagraph7?A.繁衍B.塑造C.存在D.消失()4.WhichofthefollowingisNOTtrueaccordingtothepassage?A.ThereismethaneintheatmosphereofMars.
3B.TheMariner4wastheearliestprobetotakepicturesoftheplanet.C.TheMangalyaanprobestudiestheclimateandsurfaceofMars.D.Curiositydidn’tlandontheMars.()5.Whatcanweinferfromthepassage?A.ThereislifeonMars.B.TheexplorationofMarswillbecomedeeperanddeeper.C.TheUShasbeentheleaderinMarsexploration.D.AstronautshavelandedonMars.China'sZhurongroverreturneditsfirstpictures中国“祝融号”探测器传回第一批照片TheZhurongroverwastransportedonalongjourneytoMarsbytheTianwen-IspacecraftwhichbeganorbitingtheredplanetinFebruary.TherovertoucheddownonthesurfaceoftheplanetbeforemidnightonMay15.2021.ItisanimportanteventforChina,asonlytheUShadevermanagedtolandsomethingonourneighbouringplanetbeforeZhurong.Someothercountrieshavealsotriedbefore,buttheirrovershaveeithercrashed(坠毁)orlostcontactafterlanding,Chineseleadercongratulatedthemissionteamonits“outstandingachievement.”Lessthanaweekafteritslanding,Zhurongreturneditsfirsttwopictures.Oneisablack-and-whitephototakenthroughafisheyelens(鱼眼镜头)showingaviewofwhereitlanded,Theotherisincolour,showingaviewoftherover'ssolarpanels(太阳能电池板).Ifthingsgoasplanned,Zhurongwillspendatleastthreemonthsstudyingthelocalenvironmentarounditandlookingforsignsofwaterice(水冰)ontheMartiansurface.“Marsisthemostlikelyplanetinoursolarsystemforustoliveoninthefuture.Thatswhywewanttoexploreit,"GeJian,aChinesescientist,said.“Tianwen-!andZhurongwillsetthestageforfutureMarsmissions,includingasample(样本)returnmissionsettotakeplaceinthe2030s,”()1.WhendidtheZhurongroverbeginorbitingMars?A.InMay.B.InFebruary.C.In2020.D.In2030.()2.WhatcanwelearnfromParagraph2?A.TheUSfailedtolandsomethingonMars.B.ManycountriesmanagedtolandsomethingonMars.C.OnlytwocountrieslandedtheirroversonMars.
4D.Alltheroverscrashedorlostcontactafterlanding.()3.WhichofthefollowingisTRUEaccordingtoParagraph3?A.Zhuronghassenttwopicturesbeforeitslanding.B.ThepicturesthatZhurongsentwereallblackandwhite.C.Theblack-and-whitephotoshowedaviewoftherover'ssolarpanels.D.Zhurongshowedaviewofwhereitlandedthroughafisheyelens.()4.WhatwillZhurongdoonMarsasplanned?A.Studythelocalenvironmentaroundit.B.Lookforsignsofwatericeontheearthsurface.C.Touchdownonthesurfaceoftheplanet.D.Beginorbitingtheredplanet.()5.Whatcanweknowfromthelastparagraph?A.WewillliveonMarsinthe2030s.B.ZhurongwillcontinuetoexploreMars.C.Tianacen-IhasalsoretumedthepicturesonMars.D.WeexploreMarsbecauseitissuitableforhumanstoliveon.FASTopenstotheworld天眼向全球开放WheneverIgaze(凝视)intothenightsky,Idreamofexploringthethingsthatarehiddenbehindtheblack“curtains”.ThisisespeciallytrueafterIhadreadthepopularscience-fictionnoveltheThree-BodyProblem.SoperhapsyoucanneverimaginehowexcitedIfeltwhenIwasgiventhechancetoattendalecturegivenbyMrLiDi,achiefscientistofChina’sFAST,andafterwards,tobeabletointerviewhim.FASTisshortfortheFive-hundred-metreApertureSphericalRadioTelescope(500米口径球面射电望远镜).ItislocatedinGuizhouProvince.Duringthelecture,MrLiletusknowmoredetailsaboutFAST.Throughhisintroduction,IknewthatFASTiscurrentlytheworld’slargestsingle-dishradiotelescope.MrLialsosharedsomestoriesbehindtheamazingtelescope.Atfirst,thebudgetfortheprojectwasverylow,sotheastronomers(天文学家)whoworkedonitcouldhardlyaffordthemachines.Theirlivingconditionswereterrible.Despitethegreatdifficulties,theastronomersrefusedtogiveupbuildingthetelescope.Afterhavinglearnedthesestories,Ifeltevenprouderof
5thetelescope.Itcouldn’thavebeencompletedwithoutthehardworkofmanypersistent(不屈不挠的)Chinesescientists.FAST,theworld’smostadvanced(先进的)telescope,isnowopentoresearchersallaroundtheworld.Astronomersaroundtheworldareusingittoexplorethemysteriesbehindtheblack“curtains”.FASTistheprideoftheChinesepeople.MrLitoldusthatChinaisplanningtobuildmanymoretelescopeslikeFAST.IhopeIcangrowuptobeapersistentwomanandhelptheconstruction(建造)ofthesetelescopes.()1.WhatcanwelearnaboutFASTfromthepassage?A.FASTislocatedinSichuanProvince.B.FASTiscurrentlytheworld’ssecondlargestsingle-dishradiotelescope.C.FASTisusedtoexploretheoceans.D.FASTisshortfortheFive-hundred-metreApertureSphericalRadioTelescope.()2.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“budget”inParagraph3meaninChinese?A.水平B.预算C.技术D.预期()3.Thetelescopeissuccessfullyconstructedbecauseof______.A.thehardworkofmanypersistentChinesescientistsB.theadvancedtechnologythatChinaownsC.thehighbudgetforthisprojectD.thesupportofChinesegovernment()4.Whatcanweinferfromthelastparagraph?A.ChinaisplanningtobuildmoretelescopeslikeFAST.B.FASTiscurrentlyopentoresearchesinafewcountries.C.TheauthorhaslearntalotaboutpersistencefromtheconstructionofFAST.D.ChinesepeopleareveryproudofFAST.()5.Whatdoesthepassagemainlytalkabout?A.FASTisthemostadvancedtelescopeandtheprideoftheChinesepeople.B.FASTisaprojectthatmayfacedifficultiesinthefuture.C.ScientistswhobuiltFASTishard-workingandpersistent.D.Idreamofexploringthethingsbehindthethesky.
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