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2022-2023-1长沙市一中高三上入学考试英语试卷时量：120分钟满分：150分第一部分听力（共两节，满分30分）略第二部分阅读（共两节，满分40分）第一节（共11小题；每小题2.5分，满分27.5分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。AJamesDysonistheinventorofthecyclone(气旋)Dysonvacuumcleanerthatcompletelytransformedthewayvacuumcleanersaredesigned.Traditionalvacuumcleanerswouldsuckupairanddustusingafanandthenthedustwasfilteredbythepores(气孔)inthebag.Theduststayedinthebagandtheairescaped.Theproblemwiththatdesignwasthattheporesinthebagveryquicklygetblockedwiththedust,theaircouldn’tescapeandsothesuckingpowerandcleaningefficiencydrops.Dyson’scyclonetechnologydoesn’tuseanybagsatall.Airissuckedintoaplasticcone-shapedobject.Thedustisseparatedfromtheairthankstocentrifugalforces(离心力).Thedustfallstothebottomandiscollectedinatrayandpureairescapes.Noblocking,nolossofsuctionandnosmells.Ittookhim15yearsofhislifeandover5,000prototypesworkinginhisgaragetocomeupwithaworkingmodel!CompletingthedesignofthecyclonecleanerwasjustthestartofDyson’sincrediblestory.YouwouldthinkthatthemanufacturersoftraditionalcleanerswouldhavebeeneagertodoadealwithDysoninordertolicensehissuperiorproduct.—Wrong!Fromtheirshort-sightedperspective,theydidn’twanttopayDysonlicensingfeesforhisinventionbecausethatwouldreducetheirnetprofit.Intheiropinion,theycouldjustcarryonwiththeirinferiorproductandcontinuemakingtheirmassiveprofits.TheyrefusedtodobusinesswithDyson,certainthathisinventionwouldgoawaywithouttheirinvestment.Mostpeoplewouldhavejustgivenupthere.NotDyson.Hemadethedecisiontostarthisownmanufacturingcompanyandtobeatthemattheirowngame.In1993,hesetupafactoryintheUKtoproducetheDysonDualCycloneandthenstartedadvertisingitdirectlytotheBritishpublicusingTVadswiththeslogan“Saygoodbyetothebag”.Itwasahugesuccessandwentontooutsellcleanersmadebytheverysamemanufacturersthathadrejectedhim.Sweetrevenge.21.WhatisthemajordifferencebetweenDyson’sproductandothervacuumcleaners?
A.Itusesfewerbags.B.Itproduceslessnoise.C.Itallowsforthefreeflowofair.D.Itsucksupairanddustusingafan.22.Whydidn’tthemanufacturerscooperatewithDyson?A.Becausethepublicwerenotinterestedinhisads.B.BecauseDysonhadalreadysetuphisowncompany.C.Becausetheybelievedhisproductwaslessprofitable.D.Becausetheythoughttheirexistingproductsweresuperior.23.WhatqualitiescontributedtoDyson’ssuccess?A.Teamworkspiritandgenerosity.B.Commitmentandpersistence.C.Integrityandkindness.D.Punctualityandcreativity.BMusicmakeslifebetterinmanyways.Thefactthatmusiccanmakeadifficulttaskmoretolerablemaybewhystudentsoftenchoosetolistentoitwhiledoingtheirhomework.Butislisteningtomusicthesmartchoiceforstudentswhowanttooptimizetheirlearning?Anewstudysuggeststhatforsomestudents,listeningtomusicisawisestrategy,butforothers,itisn’t.Theeffectofmusiconcognitive(认知的)functioningappearstodependpartlyonyourpersonality—specifically,onyourneedforexternalstimulation.Researchersnotonlyassessedlisteners’personalitybutalsochangedthedifficultyofthetaskandthecomplexityofthemusic.Participantsfirstcompletedapersonalitytestusedtodeterminetheneedforexternalstimulation.Theythenengagedinaneasycognitivetask(searchingfortheletterAinlistsofwords)andamorechallengingone(rememberingwordpairs).Participantsfinishedbothtasksunderoneoftwosoundconditions:(1)nomusic,(2)withmusic.Thedatasuggestthatforthosewithahighneedofexternalstimulation,onthesimpletaskoffindingA’s,suchsubjects’scoresforthemusicconditionweresignificantlyworsethanthoseforthesilentcondition.Onthecomplextaskoflearningwordpairs,theirperformancewasworsewhenevermusicwasplayed.Forthosewithalowneedofexternalstimulation,however,onthesimpletaskoffindingsA’s,suchparticipants’scoresforthemusicconditionweredramaticallybetterthanthoseforthesilentcondition.Onthecomplextaskoflearningwordpairs,theparticipantsshowedasmallbutreliablebenefitwhenlisteningtomusic.Accordingtothestudy,therearesubstantialindividualdifferencesintheimpactofmusiconcognitivefunction,resultinginpersonalizedrecommendationsregardingitspresenceintheclassroom.Studentswhoareeasilyboredandwhoseekoutstimulationshouldbecautiousofaddingmusictothemix.Ontheotherhand,studentswithalowneedforstimulationmaybenefitsignificantlyfromthepresenceofmusic.
Withtherightpersonality,therightmusicandtherighttask,thepresenceofmusicmaysignificantlyimprovecognitivefunctioning.Giventhebenefitsofmusic,subscriptiontoSpotifyjustmightpayforitself.24.Whatcanwelearnaboutthestudyinparagraph2?A.Itonlyinvolvedtheparticipants’responsetomusic.B.Thedifficultyofthetwotasksdecreasedintheexperiment.C.Participantscompletedtwotaskswhencomposingsongs.D.Participantsweregroupedbytheirneedforexternalstimulation.25.Whatcanweinferfromtheresultsshowninparagraphs3-4?A.Thecomplexityoftasksmightreducethebenefitofmusic.B.Studentsshouldlistentomusicwhenperformingcomplextasks.C.Studentswithlessexternalstimulationperformbadlywithmusic.D.Thepresenceofmusicsuitsstudentsseekingforexternalstimulation.26.Whatmighttheunderlinedword“Spotify”be?A.Apsychologyjournal.B.Amusicplatform.C.Atravelguide.D.Apersonalitytest.27.Whatcouldbethebesttitleforthearticle?A.Whyismusicessentialinyourstudy?B.Ismusicbeneficialtoyourpersonality?C.Doesmusicboostyourcognitiveperformance?D.Howcanmusicaffectyourexternalstimulation?CGeothermal(地热的)powergenerationisoneofourmoststablerenewableenergyresources.HeatgeneratedbelowtheEarth’ssurfacecanprovideanalmostunlimitedsupplytopowerandheathomes.Andwhilegeothermalelectricityonlyaccountsforaroundonepercentofglobalgeneration,thatissettoatleasttripleby2050.TheGeysersinCaliforniaistheworld’slargestgeothermalelectricitycomplex.Itproducesenoughelectricityfromits18powerplantsfor725,000homes,totaling20percentofthestate’srenewableenergy.Superheated“drysteam”ischanneledfromalargesandstonereservoirheatedbyalargemagmachamber(岩浆房)morethanfourmilesbeneaththesurface.Heatiscapturedfromitspassagethroughtherockandtheheatedwaterconvertsintoelectricity.Cooledwateristhenrecycledandpumpedbacktogathermoreheat.EGS(enhancedgeothermalsystems)technologieswillopenupmanymoresitesforgeothermalenergy.“Youcaneffectivelyputapowerplantanywhere,”saidWillPettit,
directoroftheGeothermalResourcesCouncil.“Allyouhavetodoisdrill(钻孔)deepenoughandyouwillfindhotrock.”Mostgeothermalplantsactuallyuseaflashsteamtechnique,wherehotwater(at360For180C)isdrawnup,passedintolowerpressuretanksand‘flashed’intosteamtopoweraturbine(涡轮机).Binarycycle(双元循环)plantsarethegrowthtechnologybecausetheycanoperateatlowerwatertemperaturesandmorediversegeographicallocations.Theyusemoderatelyhotwatertoheatasecondaryfluidwithalowerboilingpoint—aslowas135F—todriveturbines.Geothermalplantsalreadyemit11timeslesscarbondioxideperunitofelectricitythantheaverageUScoalpowerplant.Theycanalsooperate24hoursadaytoprovideasolidbaseloadforhomesandbusinesses.Therearedrawbackstoo.Seismicactivityarounddrillingwellsisafactor.Highinvestmentcostsareanother.ButtheUSgovernmentisbackingthesectorwithmulti-milliondollarfundstopushforwardadvancedEGSresearch.Geothermalenergyissettoplayabigpartinthelow-carbonelectricityfuture.28.WhatdoWillPettit’swordssuggestinparagraph3?A.Ittakesgreatefforttodevelopgeothermalpower.B.Geothermalpowerdevelopmentismoney-consuming.C.Geothermalpowerplantscanbesetupincertainplaces.D.Moregeothermalenergycanbefoundwithadvancedtechnology.29.Whatcanbeinferredfromparagraph4?A.Powerplantsarenotaffectedbywater.B.Hotwaterisusedtopoweraturbinedirectly.C.Binarycycleplantsarelessrestrictedtolocations.D.Aflashsteamtechniqueisamustingeothermalplants.30.Whatisthemainideaofthearticle?A.TraditionalpowerhasbeenreplacedbygeothermalpowerinAmerica.B.Businessesarecompetingtogainanadvantageingeothermalpower.C.Geothermalpowerislikelytobethebestchancetosustainablepower.D.EGStechnologieshavecomeintowidespreadapplicationaroundtheworld.31.Whatisthewriter’sattitudetowardsgeothermalpower?A.Optimistic.B.Pessimistic.C.Indifferent.D.Concerned.第二节（共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分）阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Astimegoeson,neuroscientistslearnmoreaboutthewondersofhumanbrains.Thedeeperunderstandingofferswaystoenhanceyourbraintoworkinyourfavor.Youdon’thavetobeabrainscientisttodoit!32Whenyouhearthewordhack,youmightberemindedofthesnakycomputerscienceterm.Computerhackersneedtounderstandtheinnerworkingsofacomputertobreakintoitssystem.33Theyneedtoknowhowthebrainworkstochangeitsneuralnetwork.Withthisknowledge,peoplehavecomeupwithwaystooptimizebrainperformanceandsticktohealthierhabits.Neurohackersusetheirknowledgeofhowthebrainworkstochangethoughpatterns,likedailyhabits.Doingthisrequiresunderstandingthewayhabitsforminthebrain.Wheneveryourepeatatask,thebrainconnectsitswirestogetherbetweenbraincells.Overtime,thesehabitsbecomehardwiredintothebrains.34Theyhelpcarryoutsimpleeverydaytaskswithoutmuchthoughtorattention.Thetroublecomesupwhenyourbrainwiresunhealthyhabits,suchasnegativeself-talk.35Youneedtorewire!Andthatrequiresmindfulness—aconsciousawarenessofyourbrain’sbehaviorsandpatternsattheverymomentwhentheyoccur.Inthisway,youcanchangethosehabitsinthedirectionthatyouwant.Belowtheconsciousmindlivesthesubconscious,adeepermentalspacethathostswhatyouhavepreviouslyengravedintoyourmind.36Then,youcan“hack”brainpatterns,trainthoughtstowardpositivecircuits,andslowlydevelophealthierhabitsovertime.A.Findoutwhatneurohackingis.B.Thesamegoesforneurohackers.C.Justlearnhowtohackyourbrain.D.Howcanyouimproveyourmindfulness?E.Howdoyouchangethoseundesirablehabits?F.Habitsfreeupourbrainssothatwecanlearnnewthings.G.Withproperpractices,you’llbuildadeeperawarenessofyourownbrain.第三部分语言运用（共三节，满分40分）第一节（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分）阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。Mysonhadjustgottenhisdrivinglicense.Onthewayhome,I37thecartoasideroad,unfastenedmyseatbelt,and38placeswithhim.“Okay,”Isaid.“Iwantyoutodrivehome.”
Sittingbehindthesteeringwheel,hisbodylookedtenseand39.“Mom,”hesaidquietly,“Ican’tdothis.I’mnotready.”“It’sokay,”Isaid.“You’re40goingtofeelready.Atsomepoint,youjusthavetogoforit.”“No,”hetookadeepbreathand41myfather’swords.“Don’teverapologizeforknowingyourlimits.Youtoldmethat!”Forabriefmoment,time42.Isawtheveryoldphotographforever43inmymemory.Itshowsmyfamilystandingarminarmand44forthecamera,withthethentallestrollercoaster(过山车)wedecidedtoridetogetherinthebackground.NooneknewIwas45terrified.Ijustdidn’twanttobetheonetostaybehind.We46ourwayupthelineandfinallyreachedtheend.Suddenly,mybodywasstiffwith47,andIknew:Ijustcouldn’tdoit.Too48tofacemyfamily,IsimplycalledovermyshouldertoDadthatIwasleaving.Dadaskedmewhathappened.“IguessIwastoochicken.Sorry.”WhatDadsaidnext49surprisedme.“Don’teverapologizeforknowingyourlimits,”hesaid.“Anddon’tletsomeonemakeyoudosomethingyou’renotcomfortablewith.I’mproudofyouforthechoiceyoumade.”Thiswastheexact50ofwhatIexpectedhimtosay.Instantly,Iunderstoodexactlyhowmysonfelt.Knowingthelimitsisn’tan51ofweakness.It’sactuallyasignofstrength.37.A.pluggedinB.pulledoverC.steppedinD.swungover38.A.tradedB.providedC.sharedD.refreshed39.A.immatureB.indifferentC.uncomfortableD.irrelevant40.A.alwaysB.surelyC.foreverD.never41.A.expectedB.wonderedC.recalledD.imagined42.A.passedB.fadedC.frozeD.flew43.A.pressedB.draftedC.polishedD.carved44.A.lookingB.applyingC.smilingD.inquiring45.A.scarcelyB.secretlyC.similarlyD.still46.A.inchedB.foundC.ledD.bounced47.A.regretB.fearC.sadnessD.dizziness48.A.embarrassedB.disappointedC.discouragedD.pessimistic49.A.hardlyB.completelyC.normallyD.rarely50.A.remarkB.commentC.comfortD.opposite
51.A.assumptionB.introductionC.anticipationD.indication第二节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。Navigatinghumanemotionscansometimesfeellikewalkingthroughminefields(布雷区),especiallywhentheseemotionsarenegative.Envyisoneofsuchemotionswithcertainnegativitywhenit52(direct)atourlovedones.However,justlikeallotheremotions,envyishumanandnormalanditsmoralitydependson53wedowiththewaywefeel.Itonlybecomesnegativewhenitishandled54aweaponoranexcuseforbadbehaviour.Envycouldcauseseriousdamagetorelationshipsif55(leave)toworsen,becausepeopledisliketoadmittheyfeelthatwaytowardssomeonetheylove,whichtendstogetworseandtransformsinto56(hate)whenyousilentlythinkoverit.It’simpracticaltocompletelypreventenvy,butitispossibletorefinethewayweprocessit.Envyisnotsomethingtohideaway.Beinghonestwithourselvesaboutthewaywefeel57(help)usbetterunderstandwhatexactlywereenviousofandmakescommunicatingwithourpartners58(easy).Wehaveall59(collective)gotbetteratprocessingouremotionsbutthere’sstillalotofworktobedone.Thegoalistogettoapoint60discussingenvybecomesascasualasdiscussingexcitementandcanserveas61motivatorinourlife.第三节（共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分）阅读下列句子，在空白处填入括号内单词的正确形式。62.Althoughthelibrarywasopentoeveryone,allreadershadtopayforamembershipor_________________(subscribe)inordertoborrowbooks.63.WhatIhadbelievedin,allthosethingsthatIthoughtwerenecessaryforacivilizedlife,_________________(be)nonexistentinthisplace.64.Ecotourismisdifferentfromtraditionaltourismbecauseitallowsthetravelerstobecome_________________(educate)abouttheareas.65.Astudyoftravelers_________________(conduct)bythewebsiteTripAdvisornamesYangshuoasoneofthetop10destinationsintheworld.66.Heworkedtherethroughhisuniversityyearsuntil1942,ayearafterhe_________________(gain)aMaster’sdegreeatuniversityinchemistry.
67.Alsolocatedonthenorthside_________________(be)thebathroomwithalargewindowandaviewoftheforest.68.Inaword,when_________________(travel)abroad,weshouldfollowlocalhabits.69.TherealnesscanalsobeseeninBoyhood,a2014film_________________(win)theSilverBearawardforBestDirector.70.Whileregularlyeatingoutseems_________________(become)commonformanyyoungpeopleinrecentyears,itisnotwithoutacost.71.Recentyears_________________(see)environmentaldisastersonagrandscale,andexpertsarepredictingfarworsetocome.第四部分写作（共两节，满分40分）第一节（满分15分）72.假设你是一所英国高中的中国交换生李华。学校拟选拔一些优秀学生，利用暑假到社区为学生辅导汉语。你希望参加此活动。请根据提示给校评选组写一封申请信：主要内容：1.个人优势；2.你的计划。注意：1.写作词数应为80左右；2.可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；3.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。DearSir,Yourssincerely,
LiHua第二节（满分25分）阅读下面短文，根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。Avegetariandietisoftenpraisedforitshealthbenefits.Studieshaveshownthatvegetariansusuallyhavelowerlevelsofheartdiseaseandalowerriskofdiabetes(糖尿病)thanpeoplewhoeatmeat.However,mostpeopledon’trealizethatavegetariandietproduceslesspollutiontheenvironment.ResearchersfromtheUnionofConcernedScientistsintheUSrecentlystudiedhowconsumerbehavioraffectstheenvironment.Thestudyshowedthatmeatconsumptionisoneofthemainwaysthathumanscandamagetheenvironment,secondonlytotheuseofmotorvehicle.Then,howcaneatingmeathaveanegativeeffectontheenvironment?Forastart,allfarmanimalssuchascows,pigs,andsheepgiveoffmethanegas(沼气)bybreathing.Onecowcanproduceupto60litersofmethaneeachday.Methanegasisthesecondmostcommongreenhousegasaftercarbondioxide.Manyenvironmentalexpertsnowbelievethatitismoreresponsibleforglobalwarmingthancarbondioxide.Itisestimatedthat25%ofallmethanereleasedintotheaircomesfromfarmanimals.Anotherwaythatmeatproductionaffectstheenvironmentisthroughtheuseofwaterandland.2,500gallonsofwaterareneededtoproduceonepoundofbeefwhileonly20gallonsofwaterareneededtoproduceonepoundofwheat.Oneacreoffarmlandusedforcropproductioncanproduce40,000poundsofpotatoes,30,000poundsofcarrots,or50,000poundsoftomatoes.However,oneacreoffarmlandusedforraisingcowscanproducejust250poundsofbeef.Manypeoplenowseethebenefitsofavegetariandiet,notjustforhealthreasons,butalsobecauseitplaysanimportantroleinprotectingtheenvironment.However,somenutritionistsadviseagainstswitchingtoatotallystrictvegetarian,orvegandiet.Theybelieveavegandiet,whichexcludes(拒绝)allproductsfromanimalsources,suchascheese,eggs,andmilk,canbeshortofmanynecessaryvitaminsandmineralsourbodiesneed.
2022-2023-1长沙市一中高三上入学考试（参考答案）第一部分听力略1—56—1011—1516—20第二部分阅读第一节短文理解21—23CCB24—27DABC28—31DCBA第二节七选五32—36GBFEC第三部分语言运用第一节完形填空37—41BDCDC42—46CDCBC46—50BABAD第二节语法填空52.directs53.what54.as55.isleft56.hates57.helps58.easier59.collectively60.where61.a第三节适当形式填空62.subscription63.were64.educated65.conducted66.hadgained67.is68.travelling69.thatwon70.tohavebecome71.haveseen第四部分写作第一节DearSir/Madam,I’mLiHuawhoisanexchangestudentfromChina.I’mwritingtoapplyfortheopportunitytohelpthestudentsincommunitieswiththeirChinese.Ihavemyadvantagestobeamemberofyourteam.Asanoutgoingandcreativenativespeaker,IamfamiliarwithvariousteachingmethodsofChinese.(个人优势)Iplantocommunicatewiththestudentsfirsttoknowwhattheyneed.Besides,I’lltrytogetthemmoreinterestedinChinesebytellingstories,singingsongsandsoon.（你的计划）I’dappreciateitifyoucouldgivemetheopportunity.【高分句型二】Yourssincerely,LiHua
第二节Vegetariandietsnotonlyarehealthybutalsoaffecttheenvironmentpositively.Arecentstudyrevealedthateatingmeatdoesgreatharmtoourenvironment.Foronething,allfarmanimalsgiveofflargeamountsofmethanegas,contributingmoretoglobalwarmingthancarbondioxide.Foranother,meatproductionconsumesmuchmorewaterandlandthancropproduction.However,somenutritionistsareopposedtobeingacompletevegetarianforfearoflackingnecessarynutrition.
