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Chapter11TheSkinSkin：Epidermis、Dermis一、Histologicalstructureofskin（一）KeratinizingandlayersofEpidermis：Astratifiedsquamousepitheliumwhichconsistsofkeratinocytesandothertypesofcells(Melanocyte、Merkelscell、Langerhanscell)。
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2Fivelayersofepidermisandkeratinization：1、StratumBasale2、StratumSpinosum3、StratumGranulosum4、StratumLucidum5、StratumCorneum
31、TheStratumBasale：asinglelayerofcolumnarorhighcuboidalcells.2、TheStratumSpinosum：4—10layersofcellswhichbecomeirregularlypolygonalwithmoderateflatteningparalleltothesurface.nucleusisdistinguishableonlyinafewcells(keratohyalin、tonofilament)
43、TheStratumGranulosum:Itconsistsof2—3layersofflattenedrhomboidcellswhosecytoplasmcontainsnumerouskeratohyalingranules.4、TheStratumLucidum：2—3layersofflattenedanddenselypackedcells.Thenucleiandtheoutlineofthestructuresaredisappear.
55、TheStratumCorneum：layersofflattened、cornifiedcellswithoutnuclei(hornycells)andfilledwithkeratin.（二）Unkeratinocyte(Melanocyte、Merkelscell、Langerhanscell)
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7二、Dermis：consistsofconnectivetissue（掌握）1、ThePapillaryLayer：looseconnectivetissue.Dermalpapillae、tactilecorpuscle2、TheReticularLayer：moredenseandcontainscoarsecollagenousfibers.Therearesomelittlestructuressuchashairfollicle、sebaceousglandsandsweatglandsinthislayer.
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9三、Accessoryglandsofskin.（熟悉）1、Hair：hairshaft、hairroot、hairfollicle、hairbulb、hairpapilla(毛乳头)、arrectorpilimuscle.2、Sebaceousgland3、Sweatgland：scrinesweatgland小apocrinesweatgland大毛囊
10Chapter14Digestivesystem一、Generationstruction（一）Mucosa：1、Epithelium2、Laminapropria3、Muscularismucosae
11（二）Submucosa（三）Muscularis（四）Adventitia
12三、Esophagus1.Mucosa(15.9)1).strat.squam.nonkerat.epith.2).laminapropria.3).mascularies2.Submucosa1.esophagealglandsmucussecreting
13C.Muscularis1.proximalthird:skeletal2.middlethird:mixed3.distalthird:smoothD.Adventitia/Serosa
14IV.StomachA.GrossAnatomy1.cardiacregion2.fundus3.body4.pyloricregion5.rugaea.mucosa&submucosa
15（一）.Mucosa1.surfaceepitheliuma.simplecolumnar
162.laminapropriaa.gastricpitsb.gastricglands(branchedtubular)1)chiefcells2)parietalcells3)mucousneckcells4)Stemcells:mitotic5)Endocrinecell
17Parietal(oxyntic)cellsa)pyramidalb)sphericalnucleusc)eosinophilicd)mitochondriae)intracellularcanaliculusf)microvillig)secreteHCl,intrinsicfactor
18parietal(oxyntic)cellsrestingactive
19Zymogeniccellsa)rER/basophilicb)synthesizepepsinogen
20（二）Submucosa（三）MuscularisandSerosa1.threelayersofsmoothmusclefibers
21V.SmallIntestineGrossAnatomy1.regionsa.duodenumb.jejunumc.ileum2.plicaecircularesa.mucosab.submucosa
223.villi(15.20,15.27)a.epitheliumb.laminapropria
23（一）.Mucosaepithelium：intestinalvillussmallinterstinalgland1.simplecolumnar1)absorptivecellsbrushborder(mv)2)gobletcells
243)Paneth’scellsa)eosinophilic,apicalsecretorygranulesb)antibacterial4)enteroendocrinecells5)stemcells
25图14-28小肠腺示潘氏细胞(焰红与坚固绿染色）
262.Laminapropriaa.glandsb.capillariesc.lactealsd.smoothmusclefiberse.looseCTf.lymphocytesg.WBCs
27(二)Submucosa(三）MuscularisandSerosa
28VI.LargeIntestinenofoldsnovilli（一）Colon1、Mucosa2、Submucosa3、Muscularis4.、Adventitia
29（二）AppendixA.SimilartolargeintestineB.Numerouslymphnodules
