2023届高三英语总复习 （人教版2019）冠词、代词、介词考点运用（学生版）

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2023届高三英语总复习（人教版2019）冠词、代词、介词考点运用冠词冠词是语法填空题的常考点，经常考查不定冠词a，an和定冠词the的基本用法和固定搭配。解答冠词类题目时，首先需要明确设空处是表示特指还是泛指，如果是前者用the，后者则需要再判断用a还是an。短文改错中的冠词类题目，除了判断是表示特指还是泛指外，还需要注意单数可数名词前必须有冠词。同时对常见的固定搭配中的冠词也要熟练掌握。(一)考点练悟(用冠词填空)WhenIwalkeddown1.________ThirdAvenue,as2.______rule,Iusedtolookintothewindowsof3.______oldshopthatsoldoldandbeautifulthings.SinceIoftentookmywalkaftertheclosingtime,Icuppedmyhandsagainst4.________windowstoget5.________smalllookatthetreasuresinside.Somethingslookedasiftheyhadnotbeennoticedfor6.________longtime,butIknewtheirbeautywasstilltherebeneaththeirownsurface.Ieventhoughttheywere7.________mostbeautifulthatIhadeverseen.ThatwashowIfeltaboutoldpeople,too.Iknewtheirvalue,andithurtmewhenothersmissedit.Iwasraisedbymygrandmotherandgiven8.________deepsenseofthevalueofexperience.Taughttobehavewell,mysisterandIrespectedotherpeople,regardlessoftheirageorcolor.Mygrandmotherwaslovedbyall9.________peoplearoundher.Shewasknowntobe10.________wiseandkindwoman,whowasabletodothingswelleveninherlastyears.Oldpeopleshouldbetreatedasfinegold.Theymaybegraduallytarnished(失去光泽)byage,buttheycanbepolishedwithrespect.Youmightbesurprisedbytheirbrightandshiningqualities.(二)快捷技法思考趋向——如何确定填冠词如果空格后有名词(短语)而且二者搭配在一起表示泛指或特指含义，或者有序数词、最高级、表示特指意义的比较级等形式，那么空格处一般是填冠词。解题规则——如何确定填什么冠词1．不定冠词a/an的常考点(1)表示泛指，相当于“acertain”。(如题3,6,10)(2)表示类指，指某类中的“任何一个”。(3)表示量指，但数的概念没有one强烈。(4)表示“每”，相当于per，用于价格、速度、频率等表达中。(5)考查固定搭配中的不定冠词。(如题2,6)(6)和具有某些特征、状态或情感的抽象名词连用表示具体的概念。(如题5,8)2．定冠词the的常考点(1)特指某人或某物。(如题4,9)(2)用于最高级或序数词前或由only,very,same等修饰的名词前。(如题1,7)

1(3)和形容词、过去分词连用，表示一类人或事物。(4)用在“逢十”的年代前，表示“在某世纪几十年代”。(5)定冠词常用在一些固定搭配中。一、不定冠词a/anMyfriendLindaisanhonestgirl①studyinginauniversity①.Weareofanage②，webothlikemilkandwedrinkacupofmilk③aday④.Sowethinkacow⑤isveryuseful.不定冠词的用法①表示泛指“某个”。当说话人第一次提及某人、某物时通常用不定冠词；在读音以辅音音素开头的单词前用a，在读音以元音音素开头的单词前用an。②表示“同一”。③表示“一”这个数量，但数的概念没有one强烈。④表示“每一”，相当于per。⑤表示“一类”事物。二、定冠词theMrSmithisateacherfromtheUnitedStates①.Hewasthefirst②foreignteacherIhadmet.Inthe1990s③，heandhiswifeweretravelingalongtheYangtzeRiver④whenashipwrecked.TheSmiths⑤cameuptohelptheinjured⑥andsavedaboybycatchinghimbythearm⑦.Theboy’sparentssaidtheywerethekindest⑧peopleintheworld⑨.Theywouldrememberthecouple⑩forever.定冠词的用法①用于普通名词构成的专有名词之前。②用于序数词之前。③用在世纪前或用在逢十的年代前，后者表示“在某世纪几十年代”。④用于江河湖海山岛前。⑤用在表示姓氏的复数名词之前，表示“一家人”或“夫妻俩”。⑥用在形容词或分词前，表示某一类人或物。⑦摸/打/抓(等表动作的词)＋sb.＋介词＋the＋身体部位。⑧用于形容词或副词的最高级前。⑨用在世界上独一无二的事物前。⑩表示上文已经提到过的人或事物。三、零冠词Whenlearningthatteachers①arebadlyneededinremotedistricts①，Lilyvolunteeredtoteachinaremoteplace.Localpeoplehavemadeherheadmaster②oftheschoolsinceherarrivalandsheteachesChinese③，maths③，andEnglish③herselffromspringtowinter④andfromMondaytoSunday④.Onweekends，sheteachesthemtoplayvolleyballandchess⑤.Whenshefindsmanychildrenattendingschoolwithouthavinglunch⑥，sheraisesmoney①forthechildren’smeals.零冠词常用的几种情况

2①表泛指的复数名词或不可数名词前。②表示头衔和职务的名词作表语、同位语或补足语时。③表示语言、学科的名词前不用冠词。④季节、月份、日期、星期、节假日前不用冠词。⑤球类运动、棋类游戏的名词前不用冠词。⑥一日三餐前一般不加冠词。随堂练习题组一　冠词的基本用法Ⅰ.单句填空1.AlsoknownastheSnowDragon,theicebreakercarryingaresearchteamsetsailfromShanghaionNov.2lastyear,beginning　　　country’s35thAntarcticexpedition. 2.It’snotallthathardtobuildanadvancedandlargevocabulary.Likemanythingsinlife,it’s　　　ongoingprocess. 3.Chaplinliked　　　ideaofworkinginthefilmindustrybecauseitwouldmeananewlife. 4.Threebecamepoliticalleaders;threebecamedoctors;themostfamousgraduatebecame　　　universityteacherandwasresponsiblefortheintroductionofmodernteachingmethodsinhiscountry. 题组二　冠词的习惯用法Ⅰ.单句填空1.Thesoundofthecardiedawayin　　　distance. 2.Eatingchocolateoncein　　　whilemakesiteasierforyoutoresisteatingitallthetime. 3.Beaversbuildthemselvescurioushutstolivein,andquitefrequently　　　greatnumberofthesehutsareplacedclosetogether. 4.Allof　　　sudden,astudentrushedinandpushedheraside. 代词近几年，高考对代词的考查主要集中在代词的基本用法上，因此这类试题一般较为简单。语法填空　侧重对it用法的考查；而短文改错对代词的考查主要集中在不定代词、反身代词、形容词性物主代词和代词的格等的用法上。考生在解题时要根据语境、句意判断人称和数，应仔细阅读上下文，根据代词具体指代的对象和在句中充当的成分，确定代词的格。未来高考对代词的考查将继续侧重代词的基本用法，并会加强语境的真实性和复杂性。(一)考点练悟(用代词填空)“Withouttheball,I'mhalfcompleteof1.________(I)，”LuisFigo,oneoftheworld'sgreatestfootballplayersoncesaid.ThePortugueseplayedhisfirstinternationalmatchin1991attheageof18andhaskeptscoringever

3since.HereachedanewmarkonFebruary18byplaying2.________(he)hundredthmatchforhisnationalteaminafriendlymatchagainstEngland.Acrowdofmorethan30,000fanswatchedandcheeredfor3.________(he)inLisbon.“Figo,Figo，”4.________shoutedexcitedlywhenhewalkedontothefield.TheRealMadridplayer,31,wantedtohelphiscountryinEuro2004andtowin5.________SpanishCupwithRealMadrid.MadridboughtFigofromFCBarcelonafor82.4milliondollarsin2000,andheshowedeveryonewhatagreatplayerhewasbywinningFIFA'sFootballeroftheYearawardin2001.“Figoworkslikeanartistandhastheskillstobethemostcompleteplayer，”saidFIFAPresidentJosephBlatterin2001.“Figo6.________(he)isarealleaderwhoalwaystrieshisbestonthefieldandagoodteamplayer.7.________isnoproblemforhimtoworktogetherwithhisteammateatRealMadrid,starfootballerDavidBeckham.”Infact,Figowasthefirst8.________towelcomeBeckhamwhenhearrived.“Wehaveastrongteam,andwecanhelpone9.________andworktogethertobesuccessful，”Figosaid.(二)快捷技法思考趋向1．当提示词为代词时，需分析判断用其主格、宾格、物主代词、反身代词中的哪种形式。2．如空后无提示词，且空格处在句中作主语、宾语、表语、定语时，考虑填代词。解题规则1．人称代词、物主代词和反身代词常考点一、人称代词、物主代词和反身代词I①amaseniorschoolstudentandI①wanttojoinour③schoolfootballteam，butthepersoninchargerejectedme②.Ihavetospendmy③sparetimepracticingfootballtoimprovemyself④.Look!Thefootballunderthebedismine⑤.Ithasbeenwornout.①为代词的主格形式作主语。②为代词的宾格形式作宾语。③为形容词性物主代词，放在名词之前作定语。④为反身代词，可作宾语、表语或同位语。⑤为名词性物主代词，后面不加名词，可作主语、宾语或表语。(1)人称代词中第三人称的主格(he,she,it,they)与宾格(him,her,it,them)常指代前文或后文出现的人或物。当提示词为人称代词的主格时需考虑是否变为宾格。(如题3)(2)形容词性物主代词(my,your,his,her,its,our,their)在句中作定语，常表示物体的所属；而名词性物主代词(mine,yours,his,hers,ours,theirs)在句中可以作主语、宾语和表语，但不可以作定语。(如题2)(3)反身代词(myself,yourself,himself,herself,itself,ourselves,yourselves,themselves)表示动作的承受者就是动作的执行者，可以在句中作宾语、表语和同位语。(如题1,6)2．替代词和不定代词常考点替代词that，those，one，ones，theone，theones

4Ifoundabeautifulcoatinashop，butitwasveryexpensive.Luckily，Ifoundone①lookingthesameonlineanditwasmuchcheaperthanthat②/theone③inthephysicalshop.However，whenIreceivedthecoat，Irealizedthoughtheones④soldonlineweremuchcheaper，theywerenotasgoodasthose⑤inphysicalshops.Iwouldratherspendmoremoneyonbetterones⑥withhighquality.①one替代上文出现的单数可数名词，相当于“a/an＋单数名词”。②that替代上文出现的可数名词单数或不可数名词，相当于“the＋单数名词/不可数名词”。③theone替代特指的可数名词单数，相当于“the＋单数名词”。④theones替代上文出现的复数名词，相当于“the＋可数名词复数”。⑤those替代上文出现的复数名词(尤其是有后置定语时)，相当于“the＋可数名词复数”。⑥ones替代上文出现的复数名词。所替代名词都是同类不同物；同类同物替代用it/them。(1)替代词that,those,one,ones①that可以指代前面出现过的不可数名词或单数可数名词，其复数形式为those。②one指代前面出现过的同类事物中的“一个”，其复数形式为ones。(如题8)(2)不定代词的用法不定代词1．all/every/both/each/neither/noneThereare50studentsinmyclass.Thoughnotall①ofusarestudyingwell，weall①studyhard.Everystudent②hasadreamuniversity，thoughnoteverystudent②canbeadmittedtoafamousone.MydeskmateandIboth③likemusic，butbothofusdon’t③wanttoenteramusicinstitute.Each④ofushaschosenourfuturecollege.Wehave14teachersinall，none⑤ofwhomtreatusbadly.However,mydeskmateandIareboth③fat，soneither⑥ofuslovePEclasses.①all指三者或三者以上的人或物的“全部”。作主语时，谓语动词通常依据所指为可数名词还是不可数名词而定；与not连用表示部分否定。②every强调(整体中的)每一个，只能作定语，修饰单数可数名词，表示三者或三者以上中的“每一个”，与not连用构成部分否定。③both表示“两者(都)”。作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式；与not连用表示部分否定，意为“两者并不都……”。④each强调个体，可作代词和形容词，修饰单数可数名词，指两者或两者以上中的“每一个”，可以与of短语连用。作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式；作同位语时，谓语动词的数和主语保持一致。⑤none表示“(三者及三者以上中)无一个”或“没有一点儿”。后接of短语作主语时，谓语动词用单复数皆可。⑥neither表示“(两者)都不”。单独作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式；后接of短语作主语时，谓语动词用单复数皆可。2．anything/nothing/something/everything—Doyouhaveanything①tosayaboutyourexam?

5—No，Ihavenothing②tosayaboutit.—Ihopeyoucansharesomething③specialaboutyourschool.—IhavetoldyouthatIdon’thaveanything①tosayaboutit.Everything④hasgonewrong.①anything表示“任何事物，一些事”时，用于否定句和疑问句中；表示“随便什么事物”，用于肯定句中。②nothing表示“什么也没有”，可用于肯定、疑问及否定句。③something表示“某事(物)”，一般用于肯定句中。④everything表示“一切”，强调全体，但谓语动词要用单数。3．theother，another，others与theothers—Excuseme.CanyouexchangethisT-shirtforanother①one?Someothers②sayitdoesn’tfitmewell.—Ofcourse.ThisT-shirtcomesintwosizes；youcantryontheother③one.—Don’tbother.TherearesomanyshopsandIwillgotoseetheothers④.①another泛指三者或三者以上的人或物中的“另一个”，代替单数可数名词。②others表示泛指意义，意为“其他的人或事物”，常与some连用。③theother可单独使用，特指两者中的“另一个”或两部分中的“另一部分”。④特指“整体中除去一部分后剩余的全部人或事物”时用theothers。①both,either,neither都强调两者，可作主语、宾语和定语。neither表示“两者都不”；either表示“两者中任何一个”；both表示“两者都”。②all和none都强调三者或三者以上，all表示“全部都”，而none表示“全部都不”。(如题4)③another表示“(三者或三者以上中的)另一个，再一个”；theother意为“(两者中的)另一个”；other意为“其余的，另外的”；others泛指其余的人或物。(如题5,9)3．it的常考点(1)it可指代事物或上文提到过的内容。(2)it可作形式主语或形式宾语，用来指代不定式、动词ing形式或从句，而把真正的主语或宾语后置。(如题7)(3)表示“喜欢，恨”等情感的动词后面跟从句时，要先接it，再接从句，这类动词有like,love,hate,dislike,appreciate等。(4)it常用于一些固定搭配中，如itisnowonderthat“难怪……”；makeit“成功；赶上”；whenitcomesto...“当提到……”等。1.Astudyshowsthestudentswhoareengagedinafter-schoolactivitiesarehappierthan　　　whoarenot. 2.　　　waswhenIgotbacktomyapartmentthatIfirstcameacrossmynewneighbors. 3.Inmanyways,theeducationsystemintheUSisnotverydifferentfrom　　　intheUK. 4.Thequalityofeducationinthissmallschoolisbetterthan　　　insomelargerschools. 5.Howwouldyoulike　　　ifyouwerewatchingyourfavoriteTVprogramandsomeonecameintotheroomandjustshutitoffwithoutaskingyou? 6.ThemeetingwillbeheldinSeptember,but　　　knowsthedateforsure. 7.Towarmhimself,thesailorsatinfrontofthefirerubbingonebarefootagainstthe　　　. 

68.Nikiisalwaysfullofideas,but　　　isusefultomyknowledge. 介词高考对介词的考查主要集中在介词的基本用法及含介词的固定搭配的用法上。语法填空题对介词的考查形式为纯空格，即没有提示词，这对考生正确理解句意和掌握的知识提出了较高的要求。短文改错题对介词的考查主要涉及介词的多余、缺失或误用，其中固定搭配中介词的误用是考查的重点。因此，考生应在掌握介词基本用法的同时，注意总结和积累其与名词、形容词、动词等搭配构成的短语的意义和用法。(一)考点练悟(用适当的介词填空)Inthechemistrylab,because1.________thestudent'scarelessness,thetubecrackedandtheliquidinitcausedafireonthetable.Fortunately,heputitout2.________timeatlast.Infact,itiscommontohavesomesmallaccidentscaused3.________carelessness.Iusedtoenjoycooking,soIalwayssoughtachancetocook.However,thedesireled4.________anaccident.OnceIstayed5.________homealone.Ifounditachancetocook.IputallthefoodIneeded6.________apot.ThenIhadtowait7.________ittoboil.Inordertokillthewaitingtime,IwenttowatchTV.OnlyinafewminuteswasIfascinatedbyawonderfulprogramme.ItwasabouthalfanhourlaterthatIrememberedmyfood.Iturnedoffthecookerimmediatelybutunfortunatelythefoodranover8.________thepot.Iwasblamedandhadtocleanthekitchen.Soweshouldpayattention9.________everythingwearedoingtoavoidaccidents.(二)快捷技法思考趋向1．若空格后是名词、代词或动名词，且它们在句中不是作主语、表语或动词的宾语时，那么空格处一般是填介词。(如题1,2,3,6,8)2．看空格前的动词或形容词，若空格处能与之构成固定搭配，且空格后的成分又作宾语，那么空格处一般填介词。(如题4,5,7,9)1．表示方位的介词Wewalkedacross①thebeach，through②thewoodsandfinallycameto③thehousewhichwasunder④thebigtreemarkedin⑤themap.Aftersteppinginto⑥thehouse，wefoundasmallblacktable，over⑦whichwasalamp.Thenwelookedaround⑧，onlytofindnothing.Myfriendfoundsomethingspecial—anemptybox.Beneath⑨itwasanotesaying，“Standbeside⑩thewindowandlookoutof⑪it.”From⑫thewindowwesawanotherhousebeyond⑬asmallhill.①across指从较为平坦的表面穿过。②through指从立体的事物中间穿过。③to指到某处，去某处。④under在……下面，无接触面。⑤in在……里面。

7⑥into到……里面。⑦over在……正上方(无接触面)；on在……上面(有接触面)⑧around在/向……周围。⑨beneath在……下面(有接触面)⑩beside在……旁边。⑪outof在……外面。⑫from从……。⑬beyond在/向……较远的一边，超出。2．表示时间的介词Ithappenedon①aSaturdaymorningin②November,2015.Myparentslefthomeat③6∶00amtomeetmyuncleattheairportandtoldmetheywouldcomebackin④twohours.However，itwasn’tlongbefore⑤someoneknockedatthedoor，andIlookedthroughthepeepholeandsawastranger.Iquicklylockedthedoorfromtheinside，anddidn’topenituntil⑥myparentscameback.During⑦thetwohours，thestrangeralwaystriedtotellmesomethingbutIwouldn’tlistentohim.Onseeingmyparents，thestrangersaid，“Ihavebeenwaitingoutofthedoorfor⑧twohourssince6∶10am.”Whyhadmyunclechangedsomuchover⑨theyears?①on指在具体的某一天。②in用在年/月/季节/世纪等大时间之前，或者指上/下午或晚上。③at用在几点钟或night/noon之前。④in也可用在表示一段时间的词之前，表示“多久之后”。⑤before在……之前。⑥until直到……时候。⑦during在……期间。⑧for表示延续一段时间。⑨over表示“在……期间”，表延续。3．表示原因的介词Johnwaspunishedfor①cheatingintheexam.Hisfatherwasangryat/over②itandhetrembledwith③angerbecauseof④John’sbadbehaviour.①for表示原因，后面可以加名词(词组)或句子。②at/over用在表示情绪的形容词之后，后面加名词(词组)。③with用在表示情绪的名词之前。④becauseof/owingto/dueto/thanksto之后不加陈述句，加名词(短语)/名词性从句。4．其他重要介词Between①thetwoopinions，Iamfor②thefirstonebutagainst③thesecondone.By④wearingschool

8uniforms，studentscanbetreatedequallyby④othersdespite⑤thedifferenteconomicbackgroundsamong⑥them.Besides⑦，thepriceiswithin⑧students’reach.Moststudentsexcept⑨aminorityofthemsayschooluniformsaregoodexceptfor⑩thefactthattheyarenotfashionable.①between表示两者之间。②for表示支持。③against表示反对。④by表示“借助/通过……”，也可以表示“被……”。⑤despite表示尽管，等于inspiteof。⑥among表示在三者或三者以上中。⑦besides表示除此之外(还)。⑧within表示在……范围之内。⑨except表示同类事物除外。⑩exceptfor表示与整体陈述相对的细节修补。其他常考的介词with(1)(表示状态)具有，带有(2)(表示伴随)随着(3)(表示原因)由于，因为(4)(表示关系)和……一起(5)构成with复合结构against(1)(表示态度)反对(2)(表示对比)以……为背景(3)(表示方位)倚靠着……of(1)表示“……的”(2)“of＋n.”相当于该名词对应的形容词for“for＋时间段”表示“长达……”despite尽管，虽然without如果没有beyond超出，超越3．介词在固定搭配中的考查介词在固定搭配中的考查主要有以下几种形式：(1)介词与名词的搭配(2)介词与形容词的搭配(3)介词与动词的搭配随堂练习1.Favorablepoliciesare　　　effecttoencourageemployees’professionaldevelopment. 

92.—Goodmorning,Mr.Lee’soffice.—Goodmorning.I’dliketomakeanappointment　　　nextWednesdayafternoon. 3.Bobthoughthecouldn’tgotothepartybecausehehadtowriteareport,buthewent　　　all. 4.China’ssoftpowergrowsinline　　　theincreasingappreciationandunderstandingofChinaglobally. 5.WhenyoudrivethroughtheRedwoodForestsinCalifornia,youwillbe　　　treesthatareover1,000yearsold. 6.Weofferanexcellenteducationtoourstudents.　　　return,weexpectstudentstoworkhard. 7.Determiningwhereweareinrelation　　　oursurroundingsremainsanessentialskillforoursurvival. 8.Thestudysuggeststhatthecultureswegrowup　　　influencethebasicprocessesbywhichweseetheworldaroundus. 9.Mostpeopleworkbecauseit’sunavoidable.　　　contrast,therearesomepeoplewhoactuallyenjoywork. 10.Thesecommentscameinresponse　　　specificquestionsoftenaskedbylocalnewsmen. 11.Haveyoueverheardofthetreesthatarehome　　　animalsbothonlandandsea? 12.Lastyearwasthewarmestyearonrecord,withglobaltemperature0.68℃　　　theaverage. 13.Theybelievethattherearetransportdevelopments　　　thecornerthatwillbringalotofchangesforthebetter. 14.Humanlifeisregardedaspartofnatureand,assuch,theonlywayforustosurviveistoliveinharmony　　　nature. 15.Thismeetingroomisanon-smokingarea.Iwouldliketowarnyou　　　advancethatifyousmokedhereyouwouldbefined. 16.Thelittlepupiltookhisgrandma　　　thearmandwalkedheracrossthestreet. 随堂练习一MynameisWilWheaton—andIamanerd(怪人).It’sawesometobe　1　nerd.WhenIwasalittleboy,peoplereallyteasedmeaboutthatandmademefeelliketherewas　2　wrongwithmeforlovingstrange　3　(thing).NowthatI’m　4　adult,I’maprofessionalnerd,and　5　worldhaschanged.Ithinkwehaverealizedthatbeinganerdisnotaboutwhatyoulovebutabouthowyoulove.Sothere’sgoingtobeathinginyourlifethatyoulove.Idon’tknowwhatit’sgoingtobe.Itmightbesportsorscienceorreadingortelling　6　(story)—　7　doesn’tmatterwhatitis.SomeofusloveGameofThrones,while　8　loveStarWars.Butwealllovethosethingssomuchthatwetravel　9　(thousand)ofmiles—whichisprobablyeasyforyou,butwe’restillusingfossilfuels,soit’sdifficulttobearoundpeoplewholovethethingsthatwelovethewaythatwelovethem.That’swhybeinganerdisawesome. Iwantyoutoworkhardbecauseeverythingworthdoingishard.Iwantyoutobeawesome,andIwilldo　10　(I)verybesttoleaveyouaplanetthatyoucanstillliveon. 1.　　　　2.　　　　3.　　　　4.　　　　5.　　　 6.　　　　7.　　　　8.　　　　9.　　　　10.　　　 二InChina,thehistoryofpeopleplantingandusingbamboocandatebacktoasfaras7,000years.AsearlyastheShangdynasty,bamboowasbeingusedinancient　1　(people)dailylives.　2　wasusedforfood,clothing,housing,transportation,musical　3　(instrument)andevenweapons. 

10The　4　(apply)ofbambooinscienceandtechnologyisthrilling.In251BC,LiBing,inSichuan,ledthelocalpeopleinbuildingtheDujiangWeirs,thefirstirrigationnetworkintheworld,inwhichbambooplayed　5　importantrole.Theworld’soldestwaterpipewasalsomadeofbamboo.During　6　Handynasty,thepeopleinSichuansuccessfullysanka100-metre-deepwellwiththickbambooropes.ThistechnologydidnotspreadtoEuropeuntilthe19thcentury,anditwasbyusingthetechnologythattheAmericansdrilled　7　firstoilwellinPennsylvaniain1859. InChineseculture,bambooiswell-knownasoneofthe“four　8　(gentleman)”inplants.Tomanydistinguished　9　(man),bambooisasymbolofgoodnessandhonesty.Itisalwayscloselyrelatedtopeopleofpositivespirits.Bambooculturecontributestoencouragingpeopletoholdonwhenfacingtough　10　(situation). 1.　　　　2.　　　　3.　　　　4.　　　　5.　　　 6.　　　　7.　　　　8.　　　　9.　　　　10.　　　 三AChinesesongtitledYiJianMeienteredViral50ofSpotify,　1　overseasmainstreammusicplatformindicating　2　(popular)onsocialmediaplatforms,onJune15.ThesongwassungbyChinesesingerFeiYu-ching37yearsago.　3　waspartofthesoundtrackforahitTVdrama.Ithasbecomeaclassicpopsongamong　4　middle-agedpeople. ThepopularityofthesongbeganwithahitTikTokvideoinJanuary,inwhichaChinesemannamedZhangAiqinperformedthesongtwirlinginthesnow.Hisunique　5　(appear)withanegg-likeheadcaughttheeyeofTikTokusers.Many　6　(foreign)werealsoattractedby　7　(he)deepvoice.TheyhavepostedtheircoveredsongsonTikTokandTwitter.Differentfromtheoriginalsong,thecurrentversionhasbeenadaptedfordifferentmusicstyles,includinghiphop. Anotherpopularactivityrelatedtothesongistoaskparentstoreadoutthewrittenlyrics.Interestingly,mostparentscansingthismelodydirectlyaspartoftheirmemoryof　8　1980s. AlthoughthesongandlyricshavebecomeafunnymemeontheInternet,somestillthinkthatthisis　9　unexpectedopportunityforforeignerstounderstandChinesemusicandculture.Someforeignwebuserssaythattheyfeltinnerpeaceandappreciatedthe　10　(beautiful)ofMandarinlisteningtothesong. 四Dogsaredesperateforhumaneyecontact.It'shardformostpeopletoresistaflashofpuppy-dogeyes.Dogssplitofffrom　1　(they)wolfrelatives.Apaperhasfoundthatdogs'facesarestructuredforcomplex　2　(expression)inawaythat　3　(wolf)aren't.Therearetwomusclesthatworktogethertowidenandopenadog'seyes,causing　4　(they)toappearbigger,andobjectivelycuter.Butforwolves　5　ofthetwomuscleswaspresent.Whendogsworkthesemuscles,humansrespondmorepositively.Thisisn'tsimply　6　accidentallovestory,wheretheeyesoftwospeciesjustsohappentomeetacrossacrowdedplanet.Likeallthebestpartnerships,thisonemorelikelyresultsfromyearsofevolutionandgrowth. Fora　7　(species)tochangequickly,aprettypowerfulforcemustbehavingeffectson　8　.Andthat'swherehumanscomein.Weconnectcloselywithanimalscapableofexaggeratingthesizeand　9　(wide)oftheireyes,makingthemlooklikeourownhuman　10　(baby). 五TraditionalChineseWedding

11TraditionalChinesewedding　1　(custom)havebeenaroundforthousandsof　2　(year).Theymayvaryfromplacetoplaceandtimetotime,buthavebeenholding　3　importantpositioninthelivesofChinesepeople,causingafar-reachingimpactonthewaytheChineselead　4　(they)lives.ThetraditionalChinesemarriageusuallyinvolvessomenecessaryprocedures,suchasmatch-making,engagement,meetingthebride,andthree　5　(bow).Inaddition,atypicalChineseweddingnowadaysgoeslikethis:whenanewcoupleisengaged,whatfollowsisa　6　(choose)ofthedateoftheirmarriage. MostpeoplewouldfavorabankholidayoraspecialChinesefestivalfortheirrelativesandfriendstoattendthewedding.However,quite　7　fewothers,especially　8　inthecountryside,wouldfixaluckydatesothattheirmarriagewouldhave“DoubleHappiness”.Theweddingceremonyisusuallyhostedwarmlyandtheweddingceremonyveryoftenendswith　9　uniquebanquet.Toastsaremadetowishthenewcouplelonglife,everlastingloveand　10　(happy),earlybirthofahealthybabyandsoon. 六Nowadayswhenfaced　1　healthornutrition(营养)questions,peopleprobablyturn　2　theInternet　3　help.Buttheymaygetsomewrongadviceonline,whichisverydangerous!　4　addition,searchenginesshowclickingrateslookinginto　5　(popular)rather　6　accuracy(准确).Sousefuladvicecannotbeeasytofind.Itiswellworthcheckingwhethertheadviceishelpful.　7　all,anyonecancallthemselves　8　dietexpert,andevenadoctor.Butremember,onlyofficiallyrecognizeddoctorsanddietitians(营养学家)havetherighttogivemedical　9　(suggest).Soifyouareunsure,you'dbettervisitadoctor.Go　10　therightplace,andtherealanswerscanbefound. 七Localfoodhasseveralmeanings.Itcanbeusedtorefer　1　thefoodthatisgrownandsoldinthesametown.　2　theotherhand,itcanalsomeanthefooddirectlysold　3　thefarmertotheconsumer,ratherthanbeingprocessed.　4　eitherofthecases,localfoodisasgoodasgrowingfoodinyourowngarden. Oneofthebiggeradvantagesofgoingforlocalfoodisthatthefoodisfresh.Asitisgrownataclosedistanceandsoldimmediately,therearenopreservatives(防腐剂)added　5　it.Andasthefoodisfresh,ithasalongershelflifeandwilllastlongerinyourrefrigerator.Anotherhealthbenefitassociated　6　localfoodisthatit'smorenutritious.Asthetime　7　farmandtableisless,thenutrientsinthefooddon'tgetwashedoff.So　8　isalwaysbeneficialtogoforlocalfood. Moreimportantly,yoursmallcontributioninbuyingonlylocalfoodhelpsreduceglobalwarming.Asnotransportationisrequiredfortransportingfood,there'llbedecrease　9　theuseoffossilfuel.Asfewchemicalsareusedfortheseproducts,theenvironmentisprotected.Therefore,choosinglocalfoodisreally　10　goodidea. 八Howmanyhoursdidyouspendreadinglastweek?ThisquestionhasarrivedinthousandsofAmericanhomeseveryotheryear　1　1992aspartoftheUniversityofMichigan'sHealthandRetirementStudy.　2　2016,researchersfoundthatpeoplewhoidentifiedthemselves　3　regularbookreaderswere23percentlesslikelytodiebetween2001and2012than　4　whoreadonlynewspapersormagazines. Youmayalreadybefamiliar　5　recentfindingsthatsuggestchildrenwhoreadbookswiththeirparentsseveraltimesaweekscorehigher　6　intelligenceteststhannon-readers.Butrecentresearcharguesthat

12readingmaybejustasimportantinadulthood.Whenpractisedoveralifetime,readingandlanguage-acquisitionskillscansupporthealthybrainfunctionsinbigways. Whatisitaboutreadingbooksthatincreasesourbrainpowerwhilereading　7　(newspaper)doesn't? First,readingabookofanygenreforcesyourbraintothinkcriticallyandmakeconnectionsfromonechapter　8　another,andtotheoutsideworld,whichmayprovideagreaterdefense　9　theworsteffectsorcognitivedecay.Second,readingbooks,especiallyfiction,hasbeenshowntoincreaseempathyandemotionalintelligence,both　10　whichareprovedtohelpyoulivelonger.