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河南科技学院新科学院2０12届本科毕业论文ThｅUｓageｏｆSymbｏｌｉｓm　inTheＧreatGａtsby象征主义在《了不起的盖茨比》中的运用论文作者姓名:___李振华_＿__＿＿所　在院系:＿_外国语言文学系__所学　专业：英语　导师姓名职称：__王建伟(讲师）论文完成时间:２01１年5月19

1The　ＵsａgeoｆSymboliｓmｉnTｈe　GｒeａtGatｓbyYinJｉaoｊiaoXinkeColｌegeofＨeｎａｎ　InstituteｏfＳcienｃｅanｄTechｎoloｇy　May，201219

2ConｔentｓＡＣKNOWLEDGEMＥNTＳＩABSTＲACＴII摘要IＩIⅠ.INTRODUCTION1Ⅱ。THEＤEFＩNITIOＮ　OＦＳYMＢOLIＳM2Ⅲ。SYMBOLＩSMINSＥTＴINＧS2３。１ＴhｅEyes　ofT。J．Eｃkｌｅbｕrg2３.２TheＶalleyoｆAshes３3.3ＥａstＥgg　anｄWesｔEｇg４Ⅳ。SＹMBOLISMＩNCＨARAＣＴＥRIZＡTＩONOF　THEHEＲOES５4。１ＪaｙGａtsｂy5４。２Ｄaisy　Fａy6４。3TｏｍBuchａnaｎ6４.４Ｎiｃｋ　Ｃaraway7Ⅴ。　SYMBＯLIＭIＮ　ＣOLORＳ８５。1TｈｅSiｇnifｉｃantColors85.1。1Grｅen85。1.2Whｉte85。１。3Yｅｌlow９5。2ＴhｅＭｉnor　Colｏｒs…95。2.１Blue…95。2．２Ｒed105。2.3Grｅy1０Ⅵ。SYMBOＬＩMIＮOＢJECＴＳ116.１Car116。2Housｅ116.3Ｔhe　Book126。4TimeandＷｅatheｒ１3Ⅶ.CONＣLUＳIOＮ1４BIBLIOGRAPＨY１619

3AcknowleｄgeｍｅntsＯnｔｈecｏmｐlｅtｉonofmypapeｒ,Ishoｕldlikeｔo　eｘpreｓs　mｙ　dｅeｐestｇraｔiｔｕｄe　tｏalltheｐｅｏｐle　wｈose　kｉndnｅssanｄaｄvｉce　ｈavemadetｈiswork　possible。Iamｇreatlｙindeｂted　tｏｍytuｔor　ＷaｎgWeiwhoｇａvemｅｖaluａｂｌeiｎstｒｕctions,aｎdurgｅdmｅto　beｇinmyresｅaｒchworｋassoonａspoｓｓible.Hereffectｉve　adviｃe,ｓｈrｅwｄｃommentｓaｎｄqｕickcoｒrectionｓhａvekｅｐtthｅpaｐeｒintheright　diｒｅction．Iaｍgrateful　toallmyteaｃｈers,ｅｓpeciaｌly　Cheng　Jiａnｆeng,Nie　ＸｉｎlｉｎｏftheＥnglishDeparｔment　oｆXinke　CoｌlｅgeofHenaｎInｓtitute　oｆSｃieｎceａndTecｈnoｌogy。Tｈeyhａveｉmｐrovedｍeiｎ　laｎguａgeａｎｄinｒesｅarchmethｏdologyanｄhavｅ　ｓhoｗnｍeiｎtｏtｈefascｉnａtｉngworｌdoｆ　ｗesｔerｎcuｌture.My　ｇraｔitudeiｓalsoｔo　myfａmiliｅs　whoconsｔanｔｌｙｅｎcｏuragedmewhenＩ　ｆelt　fｒｕstrａｔedwitｈｔｈisdiｓseｒtａｔion.19

4AbｓtrａcｔF。Scotｔ　Fitｚgerａldｉstheｆamｏus　Americａnｎovelｉstｉntｈｅ192０s.Hisworksgivｅ　tｈｅｒｅaderｓ　anａccｕrateｐｉctｕｒeofthｅｓocｉalstatｅofAmericａninｔhe　earlytwentiｅｓ　ｏfｌaｓt　cenｔｕry．　ＴhｅＧrｅat　Gatsbyｉscoｎsiｄeｒeｄbｙ　crｉtiｃsas　thecｏrｅｏfF.ＳｃoｔtFitｚgerａld'ｓaｒｔistic　ａchievｅment.Ｔhispａpｅrfocuseｓ　oｎthｅ　ｓymｂｏlisｍinTheGｒeat　Gatsｂyｕsesthe　symbolｉsm　ｔｏ　ｅxprｅsｓtheｔｈeme,froｍthｅｄefｉnition　of　sｙｍbｏｌｉｓｍ,　ｓｙmbｏliｓminsettinｇ，sｙmbolismin　characｔeｒｉzaｔionｏｆｔhｅｈeroes,tｏ　ｓymbｏlisｍ　incｏｌorsand　symbｏlisｍinobjects。TｈｅnoｖｅｌreｖealｓGatsｂy’ｓpurｓuit　anddisｉlｌuｓｉｏnofＡmerｉcａnDrｅamthｒoughｔheｓymbolsofthｅcolors，mainchａracｔers’names　andｎameofpｌaces.The　paper　willfocusｏnthesymboliｓｍinTheGrｅatＧaｔｓbｙ,　andthｅ　purposｅisto　letreaｄｅrsｕｎｄｅrstａｎdhisnoｖｅlsand　thｅagｅwhｉｃｈ　hｅlived　in。Kｅｙ　Wｏrds:Ｔｈe　ＧreaｔGatｓbｙ;Symbolism;AmｅｒｉcaｎDreａm;Ｃoｌｏr;Symbｏl19

5摘　要菲茨杰拉德是在2０世纪20年代著名的美国小说家。他的作品给我们准确的展示了上世纪二十年代初期的美国社会状态。《了不起的盖茨比》被认为是由评论家为核心的菲茨杰拉德的艺术成就.本文主要是用“象征”这种文学手法来表达这部小说的主题，本文将分别从象征主义的定义，背景的象征意义,主要人物性格特征的象征意义，颜色的象征意义和物体的象征意义这五个部分进行详细的解说。本文围绕颜色、主人公名字、地名等中心象征,分别从不同的方面表现了盖茨比对“美国梦”的追求,并揭示了“美国梦”的虚幻及其对人们灵魂的腐蚀。这篇论文将研究象征主义在《了不起的盖茨比》中的运用。目的是为了让更多的读者了解他的小说和他生活的时代,更好的运用象征手法分析更多的文章。关键词:《了不起的盖茨比》　；象征主义;美国梦;色彩；象征19

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7Ⅰ．ＩntrｏductioｎF·Scott·Ｆitzgeraldｗaｓｏｎｅoｆthｅｍost　reｐrｅsentatｉvefｉｇurein192０s,anda　mirrorｏｆthe　ｅｘcｉtiｎｇａｇeｉｎ　almostevｅryway。　Ａｓan　acｔiｖｅpａrticipantof　hisａge,he　ｎevｅｒfailedtｏｒemainｄetａchｅd　or　ｆoreseetｈefailureａndｔragedyｏf“theDoｌｌａrDｅcade”.Tｈushｅ　ｗａs　ｏften　acｃlaimedlitｅｒarｙspokesmａn　ofｔhe　JazzAge．　Atthaｔperｉoｄ，tｈediｆfereｎtclasｓｅsｏf　ｓoｃietywａnt　to　ｌｉveａｗealthlｉfｅ。　Soｍｅofｔhｅpｅrsｏns　arerichpｅoplｅ　whohavefａmilｙｍonｅｙanｄpresｔiｇe　whatwoulｄ　becalled　ｏｌdmｏnｅy,　ｍeaning　ｔhat　thepersoｎ　orｐerｓoｎsｉnhｅriteｄ　ｔheｍoneｙfrｏm　ａｐreｖiousgeｎerａtiｏnｌive，andthｅfamily　hasｂeen　ｗealｔhyｆｏｒaloｎgｔime。　Ｔhesepeｒｓonsｈａvｅnomoraｌｉｔy,andtheycｈoosetｈe　moneyasｔheｉronlydemａｎｄ.OｔhｅrpｅｒｓｏnｓｌikeGaｔｓby,iｎorderｔｏgettotheuppｅr—cｌaｓsoftheｓocieｔｙ,uｓedtheｉlｌegaｌｍｅtｈｏdstobeｒｉch　ａnｄ　thedreａmswａｓbrｏkｅnwith　deaｔh。Thestorｙof　TheGreatＧatsbｙiｓveｒysimｐle,ｂｕｔtheiｎnｅrmeaniｎg　is　prｏfound.GatsbｙisａpoｏryouｔｈfrｏmtheMiｄｗｅst.HefaｌlsｉnｌoveｗｉthDaisｙ,ａwｅａｌthygirｌ,butiｓｔｏoｐｏｏr　tomarryｈer．Ｄａisyistｈenｍaｒrｉed　tｏ　arichｙoｕngman，Tom　Buchanａn.Dｅtermineｄtowiｎhiｓloｓt　lｏve　baｃk，Ｇatsbｙeｎgageshimself　inbootlｅggingaｎｄ　ｏthershadｙ　aｃtivｉtｉes,thｕsearningeｎoｕｇｈ　mｏney　tｏbuyａmagnifｉceｎｔｉmitaｔionＦｒenｃhviｌla。There　hespｒeadsdazzｌｉｎgpａrties　evｅryｗeekendin　thｅ　hｏpｅoｆａlluringthｅ　Buchanａnｓｔｏｃomｅ。Thｅy　finａllｙcomｅ　andGatsｂｙｍeｅｔsDaｉsyagain,onlytofinｄthatｔhewｏmanbeforehiｍ　isnot　quｉtｅtheideal　loveofｈiｓdrｅａｍs．Asenｓeofloss　aｎddisilｌusioｎment　comeｓｏｖeｒhim。TｈenＤaｉsｙｋillｓawomａninacaraｃcident，andplotｓwitｈTomto　shifttｈeblameonGaｔsby.SoGatｓｂyisshｏtandthｅ　Ｂｕchａnａs　eｓcaｐe．Thｅsymbｏliｓm　ｉｓ　widｅｌyｕｓeｄ　inＴhe　GreatGaｔｓｂy。　Asymbｏlisasiｇnwhｉchhasfuｔurelａyers　oｆmeaｎｉnｇ。Inoｔheｒ19

8wｏrds，ａ　symbolmeansｍoretｈanｉtslｉterａllysaｙs．Symboｌism　oｆfｅrs　the　readersacoｎcreｔｅobjeｃtｔhatａctuａlｌｙhaｓａ　broadｅｒ,ａbstｒａｃｔ　mｅａnｉng　to　thestｏry.Uｐtonow,mａｎｙalearnedｍａn　haｓ　ａlreadystuｄied　TheGreａtGａtsbｙ,andmost　ofｔhemresearｃｈｓyｍｂｏｌismaｎdAmericanDｒｅam.Aｆter　tｈe　surｖｅy　oｆ　tｈestudiｅｓcaｒriedoutonsｙmboliｓm,itcanbeｃonclｕdedthat　the　sｙｍboｌｉｓｍ　ofbaｃkgｒound　andaｒticｌe　ｏnly。　Ｈowｅveｒ,tｈesｅ　essａysarescａtｔerinｇ，ｉｎdepｅndｅｎt　andhａvｅnotｓｙｓteｍａtｉcalｌy　resｅaｒcｈeｄｓymbｏlisｍ　ofeｖｅryaspect.　Suchas　oｎthｅsymbｏliｓmiｎ　TheＧreａtGaｔsbｙ，theauｔｈorpaiｄmｏrｅaｔtenｔioｎto　thecolｏrs,chａractｅrｓａndnaｍｅs,ｔｈｅ　settiｎｇs　anｄ　ｏbjｅctｓ　ｗereｎegｌeｃteｄ.Chooｓinｇ　tｈeｎoｖｅlTheGreatGatsｂytｏsｔudyｃａn　hｅlp　thereadersundｅrｓtaｎdｔhe　workdｅepｌy.Ｔｈｅusageoｆsymｂoｌｉsmcａnhｅlp　thｅreadeｒｓ　unｄeｒsｔａnｄhｉsｗorkａnｄ　the　age　ｈelived　in．IＩ。TheDefｉnｉtｉonofSymｂolｉsmＴodiscusｓｓymbolisｍliｔerature,iｔｉsnecessａｒyｔo　knｏwｔhecoｎcｅption　ｏf“sｙmboｌ”。Ａccordingto　thｅWikipediａ，“symbｏlｉｓｓｏｍeｔhｉnｇsuchasanobjｅct，pictｕre,writtenｗｏrd,sound,or　partｉｃｕｌar　marｋthaｔｒepresｅnｔs　somethingelsebyaｓsoｃiatioｎ,reｓemblａnce，orｃｏｎveｎtioｎ。Fｏrexａmple，cｒｏsseｄ　sａbresmaｙinｄicateａbaｔtlｅfielｄon　maps。Ｎuｍeraｌsarｅ　ｓymbols　fornｕmbｅrｓ（aｍounｔｓ).Alllangｕａgｅconsisｔsofｓymｂｏlｓreｐrｅsentiｎgindividｕaｌs．”Ｔｈeｄictionaryｄｅｆｉnesｔhe　wordsymbolｉsmaｓ,“The　prａcticeofrepresｅntiｎg　ｔhingsbｙ　ｍeansofsymｂolsｏrattｒiｂutinｇ　sｙｍbolicmeaninｇsoｒsignificanｃｅtoｏｂjｅcｔs，ｅｖentｓ,orｒｅlations”（周敦仁,19８2)。　　Symbolismisa　satｉｓｆaｃｔorywaｙto　prｅsentthetｈemeoｆa　stｏry,mｅanwhiｌe，iｔisｅmｏtｉｏｎally,saｔｉsfyｉng,　bｅｃauｓeitmakｅsthinｇｓeasiｅｒｏntｈereａｄeｒs＇ｐarｔ,ｇivingthemaroleｔopｌａy　ｉnｉnteｒpｒeｔiｎgｔhe　sｔoryａｎdaｎopportuniｔｙtosharetheａuthoｒ’sownemｏtiｏnａlexperienｃe.19

9Ⅲ。Ｓymbolismｉn　Settings3.1ＴheEyesof　Ｔ.J.ＥcklebuｒｇＴhe　useoｆ　ｓettiｎｇｒeｐｒeｓentｓaｎeｘｔraoｒdinary　aｃｈievｅｍentin　Fｉtｚｇeraｌｄ’sfiｃtion—wriｔing　ｃａreeｒ．Ｈeｍakeｓreｆｅrenｃe　to“ｔheｈugeeyes　ｏfDr.T。J。Eｃｋlｅbuｒｇ”ａsｉｆ　theyweｒethｅ　eyｅs　ｏｆ　God,ｏverｓeｅing　theashheａp。ＴheeyeｓofDr。T.J.Eckleｂurg　aｒeapaiｒoffadiｎｇ，"bespectacｌed“eyｅｓpaintedｏnanｏld　adｖertiｓｉｎgbillboard　overthevａlleyoｆasheｓ。Thｅｅyes　ｏf　Ｄｒ。T．J.Ｅｃklｅbｕrgmaｙ　ｒepｒeｓｅnt　Gｏdstaring　downuponａndｊudgingAｍｅricaｎsocietｙlikeｅｙesｏfDｒ。T。J。Ｅckleburｇmoｒaｌ　ｗasteｌand,thoｕgh　ｔhenoｖel　ｍａkｅstｈiｓｐoｉnt　ｅｘpｌｉｃiｔlｙ。Ｔhelack　ｏf　solidmeaｎingconｔribｕｔesｔoｔｈｅdisｔurｂinｇ　natuｒeof　theimａｇｅ.This　laｃkofcｏncretesｉgnificanｃe　coｎtriｂuｔesto　theunsettlingnaｔureoｆimage。　Thus,thｅ　ｅyeｓalｓｏ　comｅ　tｏreｐrｅｓenttheｅｓsentｉａlｍｅａningleｓsｎessｏｆtheworldaｎd　the　arｂitｒａrinessoｆthementａlｐroｃessｂy　ｗhichpeopleｉｎｖeｓtobjeｃtｓｗｉthmeaning.Thrｏugｈouｔthenovｅｌ，ｔｈe　reaｄersgeｔthatｔheeyes　ofＤｒ.T。J。Eｃkleｂuｒｇ“ｃhange＂　ｉnthｅmｅａningaswｅｌl.Ｉntｈｅnｏveloｆcｈａptｅr　ｔwo，ｔheｅyesalsｏsｙmbolｉzeｍaterialiｓmａndaｄvｅrtising　gonemａｄ,ｓhowinghow　cｏｒｒuｐtｓtheＡmericanDreａｍ　andAmeｒicａnidealiｓmhavebeｃoｍe(周敦仁，　1982).Ｈoweｖeｒ,ｌaterｉｎthｅ　novelhｉseyｅsａre　compaｒedtothｏｓeｏfGｏｄ—changingtheirmｅaｎingstｏamoresｐｉrｉtualone—ｓymboｌiziｎｇhow　Ａmｅricaｎ　spiｒｉｔｕalitｙhasbeeｎcorrｕｐtedbyouｒquestforwealtｈ　aｎdmaｔeriａｌｐosｓesｓion.３．2Ｔhe　Vaｌlｅyoｆ　AsｈesAttｈｅbeｇiｎniｎg　ofThｅGreaｔ　Gａtsbｙ，ｔhｅａuthoｒ　ｄepiｃtedaceｒtａinｄesｏlateareaoｆlａndwhich　locatedbetweenWesｔEgｇ19

10ａndＮewＹorkanｄwhichwas　ｎａmedｂｙｔhｅ　aｕthorｔheｖiｌlageｏfasheｓ.Thiｓisavallｅyof　ａsｈｅs,afaｎtastｉcfａrmwhereaｓhesgrowｌiｋewheatiｎto　ｒｉｄｇes　aｎdhiｌlanｄ　groteｓｑue　ｇａrdenｓ;wｈｅrｅａshestaketheｆｏrms　oｆ　hｏuｓesandchｉｍneys　and　riｓingsｍokｅand,fiｎally，withatraｎsｃenｄｅnteffort,of　asｈ—grｅｙmｅｎ,wｈｏ　mｏveｄimlｙanｄalreａdyｃｒuｍｂlｉｎg　ｔhrｏｕghtheｂoundary　air。　thｅchａrａｃterｓofthiｓlａndａre　ashes　anddｕst。Tｈｅvａｌlｅyof　asｈesreprｅｓeｎｔsａ　moｄerｎworld,ｗｈｉchislｉkeａ　gｒｏｔesqueｈeｌｌcreateｄby　modeｒｎindustry．Fａctoｒiesａｎｄtｒaiｎｐrｏduｃｅdintｈｅmanufaｃtuｒeoｆwealｔｈhas　poｌlutｅdsymbolｉzｅs　the　spirｉtuａldeｓolatiｏn，thatasｏcｉety　bａsｅdｏnmｏneycreaｔes．ThｅＴ。J．EckｌｅbｕrgreprｅsｅｎtsaGｏdｗhoｈasbｅencreated　bｙmoｄernsｏcietyｔo　mａkemoney,aｎdiｔrepｒesｅｎｔsa　Goｄwｈonolｏngeｒ　ｐａｙatｔeｎtionｔotheｓociｅtｙ。Tｈｅ　wholeｖalley　syｍbolizｅsａ　worｌd　wｈosｅinhabiｔａｎtsareso　sｐirituａllyloｓｔtｈａｔ　they　worshｉpmoneｙandwealth。　The　proｍise　ofhapｐinｅss，hopeaｎdfreedｏmthatAｍerｉca　giveｉtsfirstsetteｒs,ｈaｓｂｅencoｒruｐｔedbythe　lｉesofgreed,ａndthｅｅmpｔinessｏfa　dreaｍbasedoｎ　ｗeａlｔh。　Inthｅendoftｈe　novel,Gaｔsbyisdeｓｔrｏyｅdbyhｉsiｌlusion　of　Daｉsy,justａsthefrｅsｈ　ｌａｎdsｃaｐe　ofAmeriｃａｈas　beenconvertｅdｉnｔoaｄeｐressing“vaｌｌｅyofashｅs”.Ｉnthedeprｅｓsｉnｇ“ｖａlleyofasheｓ”,　onｅofthemostｐｏｉｇnant,however,ｉｓｔhefiｇureoｆGatsby。CoｍingfｒoｍtheMｉddleＷesｔwｈereｔｈetrａdｉtiｏｎsｏfself—relｉaｎce　anｄentｅrprise　ｓtillｈave　somevitality．Ｔｈoughheｈaｓceｒtaｉncoｎtrol　ovｅrhisdestiny，Gatｓｂy　iｓ　desｔroyｅdby　uｎcｒitiｃａｌlyfｏlｌowiｎghisfaｎｔasiｅs（Ｂlｏoｍ,Haｒold,19８6)。Hehasdｒeamｅdoｆrｉches　aｓａmeansoｆａｃhievingｔhe　goldeｎvisｉoｎof　ｌｏveandｌifewithhiｓ　olｄ　swｅｅtheart,Dａiｓｙ。To　makehis　dｒeａｍcoｍｅ　true,　ｈehａsbuilｔａfｏrtｕnｅon　frauｄaｎd　ｖiｏlence.Ｈeistｈepｅrveｒｔed　ｖｅrｓionofthｅseｌf—man,tuｒnedｂoｏtｌegｇerａｎｄｍｏnｓter，　buｔdｒｅamedofsuｃcessanｄ　thegoldenｇiｒｌ。　Iｎ　tｈeeyes　of　Carａwaｙtｈe　promiseｓof　lifeandhiｓcaｐａcity　forhopｅanｄiｎnocｅntwonｄermakehimaｍoralaｎgelcｏmpaｒeｄtotheBucｈanan,the　ｒespecｔablｅcoｒruptsoftheAmeriｃanDrｅaｍ。19

11TheＶａlley　oｆAsｈeｓisａ　totａｌlｙdｉffｅrｅｎt　ｐlacewherｅＭyrｔleａndＷilson　live.Ｉｔisｄeprｅssing　loｃalitｙ,far　ａｗａyfrｏmtｈｅgｌamｏｕrandwｅａlｔhｏftｈｅEggs.　Youｃａnfinｄ　tｈisｄumpｉｎggrｏundhaｌfwaybeｔｗeeｎＷestＥgg　ａｎdNｅw　Yｏrk。　It　iｓtheｒeｓult　of　ｔhefaiｌｕreofthｅ　ｅｘｉｓｔｅncｅ　ofｔhe　NewＹorkｅrsａｎdofthｅloｗsocieｔy;ｉtiｓthｅ　reｓultｏffailurｅ　oｆtheAmeｒiｃan　Dream.Ｗilson　hasnoambition;　ｈｅis　gｒey，ｓouｌlｅｓｓaｎdhopelesｓ．Hｉｓwifehａs　sｏcｉaｌamｂｉtｉｏns，butshefallsbyｔryinｇtofit　intoanotheｒ　ｇrｏｕp。Sheｂｅcｏmeｓricｈand　losesallsensｅs　ｏf　ｍｏｒality．３.3ＥastEｇgaｎｄWｅｓtＥgｇOneoｆ　tｈeiｍportaｎｔ　themｅsｉn　ｔhｅ　noｖelisclaｓs　andｓocial　ｓtanding。Iｔisabarrｉerforaｌmosteverycｈarａcteｒ．Eaｓtand　Wｅst　Eggｓactasasｙmｂoｌ　ofthisiniｔｓphysｉcalmakｅup．East　egｇiｓthelocａtion　whereｔｈericｈpｅoｐlｅwhoｈave　famiｌymｏneyaｎｄprestige　what　ｗouldbe　calledolｄmｏｎey,　ｍeaningｔhａtthe　peｒsonｏｒ　perｓｏnsinｈeritedthｅｍｏneyfroma　prevｉousgeｎeratioｎlivｅ，　thｅreｆoｒｅ，ｔhefaｍilyhasｂeenwealtｈｙfora　loｎgtｉme。Tｈｅirfamｉlieｓhaveｌiｖedin　thｅEａsｔfoｒ　geneｒａtｉｏｎｓand　ｔｈeyfeelｐroｕd　ｏf　theirtrａditionaｌｈeritaｇe.WｅstEggｉsaｌsotｈｅｈｏme　milliｏnａirｅs，bｕttheirmonｅｙhas　not　bｅｅnｉnherｉｔed，ａndthｅｙ　havenothaｄ　itvery　lonｇ.Theｙhaveearnedｍｏｎｅy　quickｌyｄuring　theeｃonomicboomingｓociety,thｒougｈ　legaｌ　ａndillegalmeaｎｓａlike。Tｈepeoｐlｅ　ｏf　West　Ｅgｇ　lａｃkfｏrmaｌeduｃａｔiｏnand　aｔrａditionaｌfａmilyｈeritaｇe　thaｔgoes　backsｅveraｌｇenｅｒａtions；tｈey　ｌacｋsoｐhisticａtioｎａnd　ｆlauｎttheirwealtｈ，　proudofhow　muｃｈmoｎey　they　possｅss。Ｇaｔsｂyｉstypicalofthe　WestEggeｒｓ.Hewａsborninｔo　ｐoｖｅｒtyiｎNortｈ　Ｄakoｔa,ｆar　fromtheEａstｅrｎ　ｅstablｉshｍeｎt，andcaｍed　animmｅnsefortunethrougｈ　ｈiｓaｓｓｏciａtｉoｎwith　agａｎgｓter.UｎｌikeｔhepeoplｅinEast　Eｇg,Gatｓbyis　nit　ａ　snobａnd　uｎdersｔandthathａvingｍoｎey　will　nevｅrmaｋehimsｏcially　ａcceptaｂle　ｉｎｕppeｒ-cｌasssociｅｔy．19

12Tｈe　ｎoｖelmirroｒｓEａst-Wｅst　dividｅofthe　wholeｃｏuntryiｎｔhｅ　divｉsｉonbetweenWesｔＥgｇ　ａndEaｓｔＥgg.Nickanｄ　Gａtsｂylｉvｅ　onWestEｇg，whicｈmｅansthaｔｔheyhaveｒeｔainedtheiｒclosenｅｓstｏｗesteｒnｖalueｓ。ＮｉcｋｅｎjoｙslｉvｉngonWｅst　Egg。HemenｔionstｈefriendsｈipbetｗeenMid—Wｅsternerｓ,　who　arebｒoｕgｈttogetherbｙthｅiｒeｘtremelylongandcolｄ　winters.Ｇａtsbｙisｗｅalｔｈy　persｏn,who　spenｄsa　lot　ofmoneｙgiving　pａrｔｉeｓforstraｎｇersonly　tomeeｔDaisｙ,tｈeｄｒeamoｆhiｓ　wｉfｅ．Heseｅn　ａｓrepｒesｅntｉnｇ“ｎew　mｏｎey”becaｕseｈｅ　hａsnogooｄｅducatiｏnand　nｏｆamｉlｙbacｋgrouｎdoverｓeｖeｒal　geneｒations，heis　self-mａde，　invｅnteｄby　ｈimsｅlｆ。Ｆorthiｓreasoｎ，ｈe　iｓnｏt　accepｔｅdasbeｉｎｇ　digniｆiedeｎｏｕgh　tｏｅnterthe　exclusiｖe　“old　ｍoｎeｙ”upperclasｓ。ＴheＢuchａnaｎson　theotｈｅｒｈａnd　haｖebeｃｏmeEasｔｅrnｅrｓ;ｔｈeyｒepｒeｓenｔthｉｓｃoｒrｕptｉon　oｆEast,beｉｎg　ａtｔrａctedbyits　glaｍoｕr,exｃiｔementａndproｍｉｓｅ　ｏf　success。　Ｔheyare　“oｌｄ　mｏney",ricｈａnd　fｒｏmoldestabｌisｈｅｄfamｉliｅｓｌｉｖingｏnEａstEgg,whichｔhe　milliｏnairesinhabit(李公昭,2003)。Tｈe　Eastｓymｂｏliｚｅｓ　ｆasｈionabｌｅlife,　sｏｐhisｔiｃation,thｅ　“moｄｅrnｓocｉｅty”andtheｌanｄｗｈerｅ　anｙthｉｎgcanhaｐpｅn。ThediffｅｒenｃebｅｔｗeenＥａstandWｅｓtEggis　ａsiｍilaｒｃonｔrａst　iｎcuｌturｅs。Ｔhe　waythｅcｈaｒａcterｓ　lineup　morallyｃorrelａｔeｓwiｔhthｅirｇeｏgrapｈｉcａlchoiceofliｆｅｓｔyｌe．Ｗhat'smore，thegreenｌightｓhiｎesｆrｏmtheＥastEｇg　eｎｔiｃｉngGatsbytowａrdｓwｈat　he　ｈasalwayswaｎted.AnｄDａisy，　ｔhｅwoman　ｔhatGａｔsbyｈaｓwaｎteｒbut　nｅvergets，liveｓｏn　Ｅast　Egg　the　barrieｒtｈatthewaｔeｒcreatesbｅtｗeｅｎ　theｓewｏｒlds　ｉnsｙｍboliｃoｆｔhebarrierthatkeｅpsｔhｅｓepeｏpｌe　ａpａｒｔｆｒｏmｏｎeaｎotherand　frommｕchof　whaｔthey　ｗaｎt。AnｏthersymbolｏfEａstiｓtheCentｅrof　NｅwＹork.ＩtistｈeplａｃｅwｈerｅMyrｔlｅhasherａpａrtmentanｄ　ｃan　ｍeetTom,whereＮiｃｋｄoeshiｓwork　bysellinｇaｎd　buyｉnｇboｎds,ｔheｐｌacｅwｈerｅＧａtsｂyandTｏmfightｆor　Daisyａndwhereiｌlegａldealsａredonｅ。Ⅳ.　Ｓｙｍbolｉsm　ｉｎChａｒacｔerization19

13ｏf　the　Ｈerｏes４.1JａyGatsbyGaｔsbｙas　theheｒointhebookiｓatragiｃ　chａrａctｅr.　Ｈｅｉｓ　fｕｌl　of　aｆfeｃｔｉｏｎ　butnot　ｆamiliaｒ　wｉth　the　ｗaｙsoftheword,　notsａtｉｓｆieｄwiththat　hｅ　isonｌyapooｒ　ｙoｕngman．　Thinking　thatmoney　ｃanbｕythewｈoleworlｄ　ａnｄｔhedreａmofhis　lover　Dａisy,hetakｅshｉs　ｗholｅlifｅforpｕrsuinｇhiｓ　ｄrｅam-mａteｒialcomforｔａndDaisｙ。　He　trｉesbyhooｋor　bｙcｒｏok　to　ｔakｅilｌegalａctivitｉes，ａndthen　earnsgreaｔ　weaｌtｈaｎｄ　rｅalizeshisdreaｍ。　Heloｖｅｓ　Daｉsy,agirlowniｎｇ　charminｇappearancebuｔ　shallownatｕre。Hisｄrｅamｂecｏmesfarａｗay,　ａｎdtｈereａlitｙｉs　cｒuｅl.Gatsbyｈasthｅrａre　digｎｉｔyａndinｎoｃｅnceｏfｔheｉgnｏrantｍoderｎpeople.　Tｈisｉｌlusionis　ｍoving　bｅcａusehｉｓ　ｉｄeａlisｂaｓeｄｏn　ｔhｅpｕｒｅlyimaｇinａｒｙ　sｋy.　Theaimofhispuｒｓuit　iｓaｋinｄｏｆbrｏaｄ,vulgaｒ，ｓuperｆｉcｉalｂeauty（刘继军,　2002).Ｇaｔsby＇sｅxｐeriｅｎcｅ　iｓthereａlisｔiｃｐictｕreoｆeverysoｃietyat　tｈａttime，　andreｐresentｓｔhatｙounggeneｒａｔiｏｎｓuffeｒingfrompｈysicaｌ　aｎdmｅｔalｓcaｒinＥuｒopｅaｎｂattlｅ　fieｌd．Ｈisfailｕreｒepresents　tｈedｉsillｕsioｎｍeｎtof　Aｍeｒicandrｅam。4。２DaｉｓｙＦａy　　Ｄaisy　Faｙ’sｆirsｔanｄｌasｔｎames　areimportantsymbｏls　ｉnｔhｅｎoveｌ.Ｆaｙmｅａｎs　ｆaiｒy，ａnd　Ｄaisyisliｋethｅ　princess　inａfａｉrｙｔaｌe．Ｓhe　drｅsｓeｓ　inwｈite,asymbolofpurｉtyandｉnnocence，ａndｄｒiｖes　awhｉteｃar。Daｉsy’sｎamehaｓsymboｌiｃrefｅrencewhencｏｍpaｒeｄ　to　tｈｅ　daisyｆloweｒ.Aｄａiｓｙflower　isyeｌlowon　the　inｓiｄeanｄcontainｓwhiｔｅｐetaｌs　ontｈeoutsidｅ．Similarly,Daisyｉs　cowaｒｄandcｏrrupｔonthｅinside,ｓyｍbｏlic　oftｈecoｌｏrｙeｌloｗ。Hｏwever,toｔhesurrouｎdingcharａcｔerｓ，　Daisｙapｐeａrspureandinnｏｃeｎt.Ｄａｉｓy’s　chａracｔeｒsｙｍbｏlizes19

14ｍａnyof　ｔherichgirlsｏfｔheauthor’ｓtｉmｅ．Daisｙ＇scｈarａcteralsoconｔａins　mｕchchaｒm,although　herpersonaｌｉtyiｓ　emptｙ.Hｅrcｈaracｔeｒ　sｙmboliｚｅs　ｔｈe“aｌｌurｉｎgaspects　oｆ　monｅtarｙwealth"ａndｒｅpreｓeｎtshowdevoid　iｔcａn　beonce　atｔained.Frｏmｔｈe　appearanceoｆDaisｙ，　ｓheis　aloveｌygirl,thｅ　puritｙandinnｏceｎcｅarehercharacｔers．　Ｉnfaｃt,　Daisｙ　is　asmartaｎd　crａfｔｙｗoman．　She’ｓ　trａppｅd　in　a　marriage　thatsｈeisｕnhappyin　andtrappedinａwｏrdwｈerｅshehaｓno　ｃhanceｔobefreeoriｎdeｐendent。Dａisyisalsoterrｉblｙcｌevｅr,　deliverｉngsomｅｏf　ｔhe　fｕｎnierlinesｏfthe　ｂook。Ｗheｎａ　reader　looksatthefoｏlishnｅssaｎd　shallowｎessofDaisyｔhｅymust　reaｌｉze　thatDaisymaybｅdoinｇ　outｏf　necｅssａry。Asshｅsaidwheｎ　shedeｌiｖerｅdherｄauｇhｔer，“that’sｔhｅ　bｅsｔtｈinｇａｇiｒlｃaｎbeinｔhiｓｗord，　ａbeautiｆul　liｔｔlｅ　fool”。Daisyis　smarｔenough　to　undeｒstａnｄｔheliｍｉtsiｍpｏｓedon　herandhasbｅcｏmejadedandinduｌgent　bｅcａuseof　them。4。３TｏmＢucｈananAsthereｐｒesentaｔiveof　ｔhemｏrality　and　valuesofeｓtaｂlｉsｈedrｉcｈ　ｃlａss,　Tomsｙmboliｚｅsthｅｃorｒupｔeｄ　easｔeｒnaｒiｓｔocrat.　ToｍBuchanaｎ　,ｔheweaｌｔhｙ　ｅx—aｔｈｌeｔefrom　Yａｌe,isaliar，a　hypoｃrite,ａnd　abullｙ。BeingｂｏｒｎｉｎtｏａfamiｌythatiswealthyhasmaｄeＴomａ　ｓpoiｌedｍan.Hehas　notrｅallywｏrked　ｈｉsentｉｒe　liｆeand　ｉnｓteａｄ　speｎdshｉｓdaｙsin　iｎduｌｇenceandcasｅ．　This　ｉs　whａtmotｉvatｅsＴom：gratifｉｃaｔioｎ.Ｈehaｓ　ashamｅlessaｆfairｗiｔhMyrtle--hｉslｏｖer，bｅcauseｉtsａtisｆieshisneeｄｓ。　Hｅflaunｔsｔheiｒsrelaｔｉonshｉpｉｎpublｉcｂecausｅhedoesnotｃonceｒｎｈiｍsｅlｆ　withthecｏnｓｅquｅnceｓofｈｉs　aｃtion，heisnｅveｒhadto.　Thisisaｌsowhy　TomａnｄDaｉｓyeｓｃapeinthe　ｅnｄoftｈe　ｂｏok。Theｒｅwａsa　situatiｏｎ　ｔｈｅywoｕldhａvｅｔｏ　fａceanｄ　didnｏt　ｗant　to。　Ｓo　thecouｐlechooｓethｅmoneｙ　anｄ　fｌedｔｈesituation,lｅａvingittｏbe　ｄeａltwith　byoｔhｅrs.Tomwｉlｌsｐｅｎdhiswhoｌelifedoingｔhinｇsthatｂeｃａuｓetｈatiｓ　ｗｈoｈｅis:acarｅlｅss　manwhoｗillnｏtｂe　ｂothｅred19

15ｂy　thｅsufｆerｉnｇhe　cａusｅs.Ａtｔheeｎｄofthe　ｓtory,　Gａtsby’sｄiedａndNickｒeturｎs　to　theMidｄleWest。ＴomandＤａiｓyesｃapｅd　ｆｒom　theresｐoｎｓibｌiｔyａndlefｔtｈeEastEggfｏrｔraｖelling.　AlｌTom’sｆｅelingsaｎｄａｃtionａreseｌf—diｒected。Thｉsisthetypiｃal　cｈaｒacterｏf　tｈｅupｐeｒ-clａss.Hissocialattituｄeｓ　areｌaｃedwｉthrａｃiｓmand　seｘiｓm,　andhenｅｖer　ｅver　coｎｓiders　ｔryinｇtoｌiveｕpto　ｔｈe　mｏｒaｌｓｔandheｄeｍandsfrｏmthosearounｄ　him.Tｈeｓplｅnｄｏroｆ　his　stuｐidｉty　aｎd　“hａｎdｍaliｃe”.Ｈeiｓ　thｅ　pｅｒfｅct　exampleoｆthｅuppｅr—class　fascｉst，whｏ　obsｅｓｓedwithfeartｈatｔhｅblackｒａcesmayoｖerthrow　“ＮoｒdiｅSuprｅｍａcy”，sｅeshiｍself“ontheｌａｓｔ　barｒiｅrof　ciｖｉｌiｚatｉon＂.4。４ＮiｃｋCarawayAｌthｏｕｇhNickＣarrａwaｙ　iｓｎot　ｔｈｅｔitｕlａｒ　heroof　ｔhｅ　novｅl,his　importaｎcｅas　tｈｅnarrａtｏraｎdasａfunctioningchａractermakeshｉmaｌｍostas　muchaｓ　ａcｅｎtraｌfiｇurｅasGatｓbyhimself。Tｈe　ａuthorpｏrtｒaysNiｃｋasｔｈe　oｂｓｅrveranｄｃommentaｔor　whｏcａnｓeetｈecoｎflｉｃｔｓ　anｄprｏbleｍsａboutthe　ｄiｆｆeｒent　classｅsintｈｉs　sｏcｉｅty.Whenhe　witneｓseｓtｈe　reaｃｔｉonｏfＪordａnａnｄtheBuchanastｏＭyｒtｌeWilｓｏｎ’sdeath，Niｃkｒeａcｈｅｓthesｙmｂolicageｏf　thirｔyaｎdquickdevｅlｏｐs　ａfulｌ　senseofmｏraｌreｓpｏｎsibiｌｉtｙ(张秉真，章安琪,杨慧林,508）。　Ｈeｒeａlizeshecanｎolonｇｅｒtoleraｔe　ｔhｅmoraｌｖａcuouｓnesｓ　ｔhａtliesbeｎeａtｈtｈｅwealtｈａｎdｓｏphistｉcaｔioｎｏfeastern　ｓociety,　andsohｅrｅｔｕｒnｓtotheｍｉddlewesｔwｈerｅtheresｐonｓibilityand　moraｌsenｓeaｒｅｏbvｉouｓ,　aftercarｅfulｌy　fulfillｉng　ｈispeｒsonaｌrｅspｏｎsｉbｉｌities。Nick’s　persoｎal　ｄevelopmｅｎt　iｓalliｅdtohiｓrolesasｎaｒrator　anｄjuｄge。　Withasenｓeof　moralitybａseｄonhis　Mｉdweｓtern　heritaｇe,hｅcａnpｅrceiｖe　tｈeflawｓinGatsｂy'sdｒｅamaｎdｔheｂasicdiｆferencｅｓthat　makeGatsbyaｂetteｒpｅrｓoｎthanthｅBuchaｎａs。Nickrｅａlizesthaｔａniｄｅalbaseｄoｎmateｒｉａlｉsmaｌoneiｓacorrupｔｉｏｎrathｅr　tｈanafulfillmeｎtｏftｈeAｍｅｒiｃanDrｅam．19

16Ｄｉsillusiｏnedbyｔhｅ　ｌiｆe　iｎ　ｔheEａsｔ，Nｉckｄecidｅｓtｏlｅave　LongIslａndandgoback　tｏｔheMidｗest。Beｆｏｒe　helｅaveshｅtａkesalａstlookatｔheｅmptymaｎｓiｏn。He　paysａcerｔaｉｎｋindoftributｅ　fortｈemaｎwho　haｓ　liveｄａｎddiｅd　fｏｒ　his　ｄｒeam.Ⅴ.ＳymbｏlismｉnCoｌorsTｈerｅ　arｅlotｓofcolorｓiｎTｈeGreatGaｔsby.Forinstａnce，thegreeｎｌｉｇｈｔ,ｒｅｄｔoweｒ,gｒeyvａｌley，　carandsoon。Itiseasｙ　tｏpicｋoutｓｏｍｅthinｇfｒｏｍｔｈｏsecolｏrswith　ｃaｒeｆulｒeadiｎg,　ｂecａｕse　coｌｏrs　indicatｅtｈeirｏwnmeanｉｎgsundｅrFizgeｒald’spen.5.1TｈeSignｉfｉcａntCｏlors5。1。1GreenＴrａditｉｏｎalｌｙthecolor　ｇreenrｅｐrｅseｎｔsｓpring,　hope,　and　yｏutｈ.ＩｎＴhｅGｒeatGaｔsby,tｈeｍoｓtnoｔiceａｂｌeimageisthｅgreenlight。Thegrｅat　lighｔisonlｙagreenｌighｔ,buｔtoGaｔｓby　itbecomeｓｔheembodimｅntoｆhｉsdｒeam　foｒtｈｅfuture,ａnd　ｉtｂeｃkｏnsto　ｈimｉn　the　nigｈtｌｉkｅaversiｏnoｆthefulｆillmｅntof　ｈisdｅsｉrｅｓ。Ｇａtｓｂy’sloｖeforDaiｓyis　ｔhｅsｏurｃｅoｆｈisromａｎticｈｏpｅｆulnｅss　and　ｔhe　mｅaｎｉnｇoｆhｉs　yeaｒninｇ　ｆortｈegreeｎｌightinChapteｒone：theobjeｃtｏf　hishｏｐe，tｈegreen　ｌighttowardｗhiｃhｈｅ　has。Ｔｈａｔlｉgｈt，　ｓｏ　mysteｒioｕsinthefiｒstchａpter，ｂecoｍesthｅｓymbol　ｏfGatsby’s　dｒeam,ｈｉｓlｏｖe　of　Daisy,ａnｄhisattempｔｔoｍakｅthａｔloverｅａｌ。Ｔhemosｔoｂviouｓiｎｔerｐｒｅtａｔioｎisｔｈａｔ　ｔｈｅligｈｔis　symbｏlicofGatsｂy’ｓｌｏnｇiｎgforDａｉsy。Howｅver,thatistoｏ　simpｌisｔic,Daｉｓyｉspartｏｆｉｔ,ｂutthegreenlｉｇhtmeａnsmuch　more．Whaｔ’smore,thecolorｇreencａnalｓosｔanｄｆorthemeanｉｎg“go”。Aｓina　traｆfiｃ　liｇhtｓｉｇnal，　mosｔpeｏpleaｓsociategrｅeｎ　wiｔｈthｅ　ｗordandaction“gｏ”。Itｍeａns　Gatsbyshoｕldjuｍｐ　iｎtｏacｔion　forhisdrｅａminasecoｎd。　Ｔｈecolorgｒeeｎｉnｄicatｅsａ19

17ｄrive　toｓtriveａheadｉn　ｌｉfe,ｔogaｉna　betｔｅrｌife(石昭贤,198４）。５。1.2WhiｔeＷhｉte　isacｏlｏrｗｈｉchappeａrs　ｍａnyｔimestｈrouｇhout　TheGreａｔGatsby。At　fｉrst,　it　isuｓedｔo　deｓcｒiｂe　Daiｓy.TｈeｆｉrstthｉngNｉｃkｍｅｎtions　wｈeｎhｅsｅes　Daisyin　tｈeＢuchａnans’ｍanｓionｉｓｔhａtｓｈeｉsina“wｈitｅcolｏr"。Lａｔeron,ｗｅlｅaｒntｈat　Daisy’scｌoｔhes　ａrｅalｗaysｗhｉte，evｅｎhercaｒiｓaｌso　white。Mｏretｈan　that,thｅreａｄｅｒsｃａｎfind　lots　ofdeｓcｒiptionoｆ　hｅrarｅwｈｉｔe,ｆorexampｌe,ｈeｒ　“whiｔeｎeck”,“whitegirlｈｏoｄ”,　theking’ｓ　dauｇhtｅr“hiｇhinawhitｅ　ｐｌace”andｓoon。　The　coｌorwhiｔｅiscloselyrｅlated　tｏDaｉsy。Ｔｈereｆｏrｅ，iｔis　ｎatural　ｔodeｆineｔhｅ　colｏrwhiteas　Daisｙ’sｃｏlor.BesideｓseｅingｔheｃolorwhｉteｏnDaisy,ｗe　alsocａnseethe　wｈite　ｏn　Gaｔsｂy。OnceｗhenＧaｔsbｙ　tookNicｋｆｏrarｉｄeinhiscaｒ，theyｗerestopｐedｂｙa　polｉｃeman。　Gatsbyａctedfaｓｔａndshｏｗeｄtｈeｏfｆiceraｗｈitecard，andtｈｅ　ｌａtｔerimmｅdｉateｌyexcused　hｉm(石昭贤，　1984).　Atｆirst，　GatsbyｍａdeＮiｃkbelieｖｅthatｉtｗasaＣhｒistmascarｄseｎｔto　ｈim　ｂｙtｈｅcoｍmiｓsｉoｎer,buｔiｎfactｔhereaｄerｓcaｎｌearnthａtGatsbyhadｂrｉbedtｈepolice　officｅr。So，iｎcoｎtｒast,“wｈｉte”alｓｏｒeｐresｅntscorruｐtioｎ。5。1。３Ｙｅllow　　Yeｌlow，theoriginａlmeaninｇｕsually　mｅaｎspｏｒnｏｇrapｈic,　trａshy,obscenｅ，fｉlthｙ,orvulgar．YeｌlowdｏeｓappearｅdｉnthｅＥｎｇlishｐhｒaseｙeｌloｗｊouｒｎaｌiｓm—a　kｉndｏｆjoｕrnaｌｉｓmwｉthｈeａvyeｍｐｈasis　ｏnsｃaｎdal，　oｒ　preｓenｔｉng　oｒdｉnarｙｎｅwsinaｓenｓaｔiｏnalmanneｒ,sｏmｅtiｍesｅvｅｎｄiｓtorting　ｔhefaｃtｓtocreaｔe　asensatiｏnaｌefｆect。Duｒｉng　thereadｅｒs'mind,thecoｌoryeｌlowｏｒgolden　asｗeaｌth,ｒｉｃhnｅss,and　moｎeｙ.Mｅanwhile,inThe　Greａｔ　Gatsby,yeｌｌｏwalｓoｒｅｐreseｎtｓdeａｔｈ.Itiseａsｙto　seeｔｈefｉrｓt　sｙmｂolicｍeaｎing.　Iｎ　ordeｒｔo　show　his　ｗｅａlｔh，　ｔhｅｍajoｒcharacｔeｒGatsｂy　nearlyuseseverｙthing　ｉnyelｌoｗ．Hiscar　isyeｌloｗ,　hewｅarｓａgoｌdtiｅ,anｄｈeｉsinagoldensuiｔ（翟士钊,1994).Whatismoｒｅ,　hｉspａｒｔypｌays“ｙeｌlｏｗcocktailmusic”，　anｄｈｅsiｔｓ　with　“toｗgirls19

18in　yｅllｏｗ”．Dａiｓy　droｖeGastby’s　ｙｅｌlow　car　anｄ　kiｌleｄTom’sloveｒ,Mｙrtle．In　ｆaｃt，iｔwasDaisy'sｆalseａnd　rｅｓponsibｉlｉｔyaｂout　ｔhｉｓaｃcident。Ｈｏwever，thｅｒearｅｓoｍｅeｖｉdences　toshow　ｆｏrWilsonｔｈat　Gasｔbykｉlｌedhis　ｗife。Ｔhｅｒefore,　Toｍ　put　tｈecｏnflict　toGａsｔbyａnd　Gaｓtby　ｈadbeeｎkｉlledbyWilsｏn。So,yelｌｏw,iｎ　awａy,ｌｅadｔoGaｓｔbｙ'sdeath.５。2The　MinorColｏrs5。2.1Bｌue　F。ＳcottＦitzgerａldusesbｌｕetoreｐreｓｅnt　ｄreamsａnd　thoughｔsoｆｔhecｈaｒacｔerｓofthenｏvｅl.　Ｄr。T.J。Eｃklｅbuｒg　ｈasenoｒｍｏｕs“ｂluｅ”　eｙeｓ,whichａresａidto　ｂeGｏd’sｅyeｓ。　Aｎdthey　arｅ　believed　to　vｉewtｈｅwｏｒｌd　aｓGodstａresdｏwnuponａｎdｊuｄｇeｓ　Ａmerｉcansoｃietyaｓaｍｏraｌwastelaｎｄ。“Blｕe”heｒereｐｒeｓents　tｈetｈouｇｈtｓofGod.Thｅcｏｎnectioｎ　bｅtweenthｅ　eyｅsofＤoctｏrT。J.Ecｋlebｕrgaｎｄ　Ｇodｅxists　intｈｅGeｏｒgeWｉlson'sgrｉｅf—stｒｉckenminｄ.BeｃauｓｅofWilｓon’s　sｔronｇ　beliｅfｉnGod,this　ｐosｔｅrisｎotjｕstaｎadvertiseｍｅnｔ。　Ithasａdeeｐmeaｎｉｎgｔohｉm。　Tｈe　ｏne,ｗｈoiｓguｉlｔｙoｆkiｌliｎgMｙrｔｌe,willoneｄaybebｒoｕgｈttojustｉcebyGｏd.　As　Ｇodis　theonlyoneｔｈａt　ＴomａndDaｉｓy　cannot　ｂｕy　orrunａwａyfrom。His　ｖｉeｗ“Ｇｏdsｅeｓｅverｙthinｇ”showhowstroｎgｌy　ｈeｂelievesｉnＧｏｄwatchｉｎg　overｈiｍthrｏuｇhｔｈe　eｙeｓoｆDr．T.J。Eckleｂurg。Ｔom’slovｅr　Myrｔｌeｉsｄressed　inbluedrｅｓs，which　ｐｒesｅnts　herdreａmｓofeｓｃａpｉnｇhercｏmmonplaｃe　lｉfｅaｎｄrunning　awａy　witｈTｏm.　Wｈat’ｓ　more，Gatｓby’ｓgardenｓａre　deｓcrｉbed　as　beinｇshaｄeｓof　ｂlｕe　andaｒeｆirｓｔlｙ　shownａs　ａplacewheｒepｅopｌe　ｃanｅscape　ｆrｏmｔheｗｏrｌdandbｅouｔoftｏuｃhwiｔhreality．Inwitｈreｌａtioｎ　toGaｔsby,theｇardenswｅre　aninｄisｐeｎｓａbleｐａrｔofhislife.Just　as　Nicｋsａys　iｎｔhe　sｔｏｒy,“He’ｄcome　alongwaytotｈisblueｌawn。＂5。2。2Rｅd19

19Rｅd　isaｃoloｒwhichａppｅaｒsmanytimｅsｔｈrouｇhｏutthｅnｏvel．Atfirst,itisuｓｅd　ｔodｅscribｅtheｂoｏk”Ibought　adｏzeｎ　volｕmesonｂａnｋinganｄinｖesｔmentsｅcurｉtiｅs，ａndtｈeystoodon　mysｈelfinredａｎｄgoldlikenewmonｅyfromtheminｔ,promisinｇtounfold　secｒets.”(Fizgerald,F·Scｏtt,　1９８0）。Ｔhe“ｒed”heｒeisrｅlateｄ　towealth。IｎNick’ｓeyes，ｔhedｅlｉcatelypacked　booｋturｎsiｎtonew　money　and　ｍａｋesNiｃkillｕsｏrｙ，aｎditreprｅｓｅnｔsｈispｕrsuiｔ　ofsucｃess　ａnｄmｏney.　Ｗhat'smore,“ｔｈecrimson　rｏombloｏmeｄ　wiｔｈlｉｇhｔ”,eｖenＭｙｒｔle’ssｉster—Ｃatｈerinｅ“withaｓolｉd,　stickｙhｅadof　ｒedhaｉr.”Andａｌlｔｈose　showsusｐｅople＇ｓdｅｓｉre　fｏｒmoneyａnｄ　wealth。“Ｒｅd”ｃａｎaｌｓｏbe　inｅvitablyａssociaｔedwｉthｔｈeviｏlenｃeａnddｅaｔh。ＴombreａksMyrtle’sｎosｅand　ｔhereａｒe“ｂlｏoｄyｔｏｗｅｌs　ｕｐonｔhebatｈroomflｏｏr.”Rｅｄisnｏ　dｏｕｂtｄｉsplayｉng　Tom’spriｄe,viｏlｅnceandselfiｓhness.Wiｌsｏnmｕrdeｒs　Ｇatsｂｙ,whoseblｏod　ｌeaves“athｉnrｅdcｉrclｅinthe　water。"(张瑞华,1999)。　Tｈe　bｅautifuｌredｂeｃoｍｅsthｅ　colorofｃarnaｇe，aｎdas　Nｉcｋｔｅllsus，pｅｒｈaps　eveｎ　Gatsby,would　find“whatagｒｏtesｑue　tｈinga　ｒoseｉｓ。”Here“ｒed”　isreｐresentsｄｅaｔh　and　thｅｄｉsilｌuｓionmenｔｏｆGatsｂy.５．２.3GreyThｅ　gｒeycolｏr,ｔhｅａuthordｅscribeｄthｅwｉldｎessｐｌacｅoｆＷｅst　EgｇandNeｗYork,“ｔhｉsisagｒey　ｖａlley，　astrangｅfａrｍ,andaｓｈgrｅw　ｕpｌikｅ　cｒops,ｇｒｅwuｐlike　aｈiｌlaｎｄ　stｒangeyardｓｍan,ｗalkedａppeaｒeｄ,aｎd　vaｎishedintheair"(Fｉｚｇerald,F·Ｓcoｔt,19８0).Thegreyvallｅyｕnderthe　authｏrisaｗasｔeland　ａnｄcｏiｎ,aseriesofｇreymakｅ　tｈisplａcｅ　haｖｅ　nolｉfe.greｙbrｉｎgdesperate　and　mａke　human　soｒｒｏw,feｅｌ　emptyaｎｄ　the　ｌost　ｏfhｅａrt。Ⅵ．ＳｙmbolｉｓmｉnObjｅcｔs６.１　CaｒIｎAmｅricａnＳocietytｈｅ　ｃaｒ　is　alwａys　ｓｅenas19

20ａ　sｙｍｂol　oｆｓｔatusanｄｗealth.Gａtsby’ｓcar　iｓａｎemｂodｉmeｎtoｆ　his　weaｌth。　Hiｓcaｒｓyｍｂoｌizｅshｉｓvｕlgarmateriaｌisｍand　conｖｅｙshｉｓｎeｗbｏrnａffluｅnｃｅ。Gaｔsｂy’ｓcａr　is　“ariｃhcrｅａｍcolｏr，　ｂrｉght　witｈ　niｃｋel,　swｏｌlenｈerｅａnｄthｅｒeｉn　itｓ　monsｔrous　lｅngthwithtrｉumpｈaｎtｈat—ｂoxes　ａｎdsｕpｐｅr—bｏxｅs，andｔｏｏl—boxes，and　terracedｗith　a　laｂyｒinthoｆwindｓhiｅldｓthatmｉrrored,ａdｏzensuns”(Fｉzｇerａld,Ｆ·Ｓｃｏｔt,１980）obvｉoｕｓlyshowｓhｉsmateriａlｉｓm.　Aｎotｈｅｒ　interｅｓting　detaｉlｉｓ　Gatsby＇scarwhichis　yellow　instｅad　ofｔhｅstandａrdizｅｄblaｃk　ｏftｈeｅrasｔreｓｓestｈougｈｔ　that　heｉsｅｎｇroｓsedｗithｔｈeｏbsessｉｏｎofdisplａyinghｉsmａteriａlｗealthto　get　tｈｅlovｅ　ｏfＤａisy。Tｈｅcreａmy　ｃoloｒoｆGaｔsby'ｓcarａｌｓｏ　sｙmbｏｌizeｄ　decay　oｆcorruｐtioｎ;　ｔhereｆｏｒｅ　Gatsby's　carislｉkｅ　a　bulgingｐieｃｅ　oｆfrｕittｈatisoｖerripeanｄhaｓｓtａｒｔedtｏ　rot.　Tｏm　Bｕchaｎａn＇ｓｃaｒｉs　alｓonot　ｌikeａｌｌthｅｓtaｎdardizedbｌaｃkcarsbｅcausehedｒivesabluｅcaｒ，whichisａ　lot　lessshowythａｎGatsｂy’s　ＲolｌsRoyce．Ｔom　ｉsｓｏｄesperatelyａn　emｐｔymaｎtｈat　heｂelieｖeshｅcandeｆiｎe　hiｍsｅlfwithexｔerior　belｏngs.Heistｒｙingto　finｄ　his　ｉdｅntitybyｌｏokingｆorｈappｉｎessinnｉcｅｃａrs.Toｍ’sblue　cａrsｙmboｌizｅｄTomａｎdhisｅｍｐｔinｅｓs　ｂecaｕse　hiｓcarisacheepcａrtｈiｓ　likeeveryoneelse’ｓｃarａtthaｔtimebｕt　iｔhａｓ　a　bluｅpaintｊobsｅttingitａpartfromtｈe　otｈersand　appeaｒｉnｇtoｂｅbetterthanallthｅotｈer　ｃarsinthａｔ　peｒioｄ。Thesymbolisｍofthe　caｒ　isstressed　allthrouｇｈｏｕttheｎovelandis　uｓｅｄtoｃｏnfｉｒｍ　ｔhatdｒeamrooｔedinmatｅｒialismaloneｗhｉle　in　theｅnｄaｌways　bｅdisｐaraging.６。2HoｕsｅTｏsomeexｔeｎt，the　phyｓｉcalseｔtiｎｇsarealｓoimporｔanｔinestabliｓｈing　theidenｔitiesoｆthemainｃhａractｅrs。Ｆoreｘample，Ｇatsbylivｅsｉｎan　ｅnｏrｍｏｕｓiｍitaｔion　ｐalａce，ｒepｒeseｎｔatｉveoftheostｅntationsvulgaｒityofthe　nｅwlｙ　ｒicｈ.Ｇatsｂy’s　ｍansｉoniｓvuｌgar　anｄｅxcｅssｉvｅ。Ｉｔisa　coｍbinationoｆdiffeｒent19

21ａrｃhiｔeｃturalsｔylesandpｅrioｄs，ｒeｆｌecｔｉng　anｏwnｅrwhois　uｎｓｕreoｆ　hisｉdenｔitｙ．Iｔｓ　garｉｓhneｓsfits　pｅrfectｌｙwith　theｆrｅewheｅlingstｙlｅofＷｅsｔＥgg。　IfGａｔｓbyisaｍyｔhinthe　nｏveｌ,　hiｓmansｉｏnisa　big　partofthatmyｔh。Ａt　laｓt，Fiｔzｇeraldwantsrｅadersｔｏseeitｔhatway。　Ｔｏｓaｙthaｔａllattｅｍptstoｄemyｓtｉfｙ　Ｇatｓbyshｏuｌd　sｔartｗｉｔｈ　a　cａreｆｕlｌoｏkathishousｅｍayｎｏtbean　eｘａggeration(李希,2０0２）.ThｅskyｒoｌｅｏfＧatsby’shoｕｓe　istwoｆｏldｉnthｅ　nｏｖel.Stｒucｔuｒally,ｔｈeｈouse　is　a　sｃeｎeｔowｈich　thenｏｖelconstaｎtly　returnｓ,thusservingａs　aｍａｊorstａｇｅofactｉｏntｈrｏughoutthesｔory.Theｍaticａｌlｙ,it　notonlystandsaｓｔhｅ　mostｄomｉnant　ｓymｂolof　Gａｔsby’s　ｓuccｅsｓ　ａndｗealthｂutalsofuｎctionsasthe　chiｅｆａｃcomplicｅｉnｈiｓsｃheme　to　lｕrebackｈｉs“ｇoｌdengirl,＂Dａiｓｙ，。Fromｔhe　ｖery　begｉnning,Ｆitzgeraldtrｉesto　estａｂｌiｓｈandexplorｅｔhecorrｅlａtｉon　bｅtwｅen　Ｇatsbyaｎｄ　hismａnsionｔｏｃarvｅthｅportraitｏf　Gａｔsbｙ　ｉn　reliｅｆ.　Thegｒandeｕr　ofthemａnsｉｏn，fｏr　instａnce，iｓ　not　necｅssarilｙａmereｍａｎifesｔaｔｉoｎ　ｏf　Gatsｂy’sabｕndanｔ　wealｔh;raｔhｅr,ｉt　ouｇhtto　bｅconceiｖedａs　asｙｍboliceｘpressｉon　ofGaｔsbｙmind,ｗhicｈｐrovｉdes　variouｓｃluesｔoｈｉs　ｍorａｌｉｔyanｄemｏtion．　Ｇatｓbｙ’smansion　ｉsａｎｅｘtensionof　ｈiｓcharacｔeｒ．6.3ThｅBｏｏkBoｏkisａｓymbol　ofwealｔhoｆ　ｔｈehuｍａnspiritanｄthelaｄder　of　humａnprogress．　Ｔｈebｏoｋcombｉｎｅstheａｂｓtractness　ｏfwoｒdsandtheconcretｅnessoｆimａgｅs,　joｉｎstｈelinealｔimｅ　ofnarrａtivｅaｎdｔhe　sｔruｃturalｓpaceｏｆｄesigｎ.In　ＴｈeGreaｔGaｔsby,Bookappears　seｖeｒal　tiｍｅｓtｏｉｎdiｃate　ｔheimpｌiｃｉt　meaning。Ｎick,Ｇａｔsby,Toｍ　andTom’sｌoveｒ-Myｒtｌｅ,　ｅｖeｒyonｅｈaｓｈis　ｏwｎｉntｅreｓt　ｔｏ　ｃolｌectｏrｒｅad　thｅbooks.Tｈeｉrbooksaｒeseeminｇlｙtheirinterｅst,infactthｅｂooks　symbolizetheiｒｄｉfｆｅrentｓｐｉｒｉtuａlpurｓuits．IｎNｉck’seyes,tｈe　dｅlicately　ｐaｃｋedbｏｏkturnsintoｎew19

22mｏneyandmａkeｓNickilｌｕｓｏry，anditrepｒｅsents　his　spｉｒitual　puｒsuitofsuccessaｎdmoｎey。Ｎｉckwaｓthｅ　sonof　awelｌsituａｔeｄfaｍｉly。He　deｃidedtｏmoｖｅｔｏNｅｗYｏrktoｌearnｔhe　bondbusiness,becaｕseｔhewaｒｈａｄcｈａｎgedｈisperspｅctiｖeofthewｏrlｄ。　Theruralnarｒowmindｅdness　wasnotｈiｓworldanymore。He　iｓ　sｔｒivｉｎgfｏrsomeｔｈinｇ;　hewaｎtstobｅhｉmseｌf,ａｓheｓｅeshiｍseｌｆ,tｏlerant,oｂjeｃtive　ａndrelｉablｅ.Themoｎeyof　theupｐeｒclaｓsiｓjuｓtａtinybit　ｏfhiｓdｒeａmtogeｔheｒ　withｈiｓaｄmirａtiｏnfor　therichEastEggers.Hoｗeveｒ，NickgeｔｓthatKnｏwｌedge　ｃhanｇesfaｔe，　anｄtrieｓ　hｉsｂeｓttocｒeatｅｔhefuture.　Thebｏｏkiｓaｎｉdeal　toｏlfｏｒthｉsａｐproach。Speａkｉngoftｈｅｂooks,wｅhavetomentionＧaｔｓｂy’s“bｏoks”。Anowl—eyｅｄｍanat　aGatｓｂypartｙｓiｔｓ　in　aweinｔｈelｉbrary，　muｒｍｕrinｇ　withaｍazeｍｅntthａtaｌｌｔｈebookｓ　ａnＧａtsby’sｓhｅｌveｓare　“rｅaｌｂｏｏks。"But　dｏｅsＧａtsbyｅvｅn　readthem？　Thｅimagｅwｏrkｓtｏsuggesttｈatmｕcｈ　ofwｈatGatsbｙpresｅntｓ　tothewｏrｌdis　afaｃａde;forexample，ｈewanｔｓpｅopｌｅ　toｂelievｅ　thaｔhe'saｗｅll—eｄucａtedman,aｎOｘford　man,ｂuｔｉｎ　fact　heonlｙspｅntａｓhorttimｅ　tｈｅreafterｔhｅｗar.Ｔｈｅbｏoksｍaｙ　ｒepreseｎt　thefacｔthat　Ｇaｔｓbyisafraud—　ｗhich　heｈaｓbuiltupaｎｉmａｇeｏfhｉｍｓｅlfthaｔisｎot　coｎsistentｗitｈthｅ　factsoｆhislｉfe。Ｂuｔ,　youcoｕld　aｌsoaｒgｕｅｔｈat　ｔhe　unopｅned,　ｕnｒeadbｏokｓ　rｅpreｓｅnｔ　Gatｓｂy　himself;　tｈoｕghｔhｅreａｒe　ｍａｎy　ｒｕmｏrsaboutwhoｈe　iｓaｎd　howｈeｅarｎｅdｈismoney,　ｔhe　faｃｔｓreｍain　ｕnexamined，unoｐeｎed.Ｈerｅｔｈeboｏkｓｓｙmbｏｌｉzethatｈewas　wiｌlingtoｄoaｎythiｎg　ｔogaｉnthesocialpositｉon　hethｏuｇht　ｎeｃeｓsaｒytｏwinDaｉsy。６.４ＴimeandWeatherYou　can　seetｈewｏrd“timｅ”　inthｉｓnｏvel　ｍorethan4５0timeseithｅrbｙitselfoｒ　ｉna　cｏmpoｕｎdwｏrd。It　ｉs　oｂｖiｏuｓlｙthａtFitzgｅraｌdwantstoｅmphａsizeｔｈe　imｐｏrtancｅoｆtime　tooｖeｒallｄesiｇnofthe　book.TｉmeisｍostｉmportanｔtoGatｓby’scｈaracｔer．　Ｈewantｓtorecａｌl　five　yearsbaｃｋ.Ｈe　claimsｔｏNｉck，”19

23Can’treｐｅattｈepａst？Whｙ?　Ofcｏuｒｓeyｏucan！”Thiｓｃlaｉm　orrｅspｏnsetoＮiｃk,　telｌingNiｃｋtｈａtｈecanrepeatthe　pａsｔ,ｉs　symbolicoｆthe　trａgicｉrony　ｔhaｔ　isbehindGａtsｂy’slａte。ThｒoughｃrｅａtinｇthｅscenetｈaｔDaｉｓｙand　Gａｔsby　meetforthefirｓｔtime　infive　yｅarｓ.　Ｆizgeraldｍastｅrｆulｌyalsｏ　creatｅsatimesｙmｂolisｍ.　As　Nick　ｅｎtersthｅ　ｒoomwheｒｅDａisyand　Gatsbｙｈave　ｊust　met，Gaｔsｂyfeltnｅrｖouslyagainｓt　thｅｍａntelpiｅce　whilerestinghisheａｄ　ｕｐonｔhｅcloｃkoｎthe　manｔｌe。Theclocｋ　lｏsesｉtspositiｏｎａｎdstａrtstotiｐａｓif　to　fａllofｆtｈｅ　mantle。　Gatｓbydramaｔｉcallycatchestheｃloｃｋbeforeiｔｆalls　aｎdalｌｔｈreｅｃhａｒacters　ａｒeｓpeeｃhlｅss，　stricｋen　wiｔhaｓtrａnｇeawｅoｆｔhｅｐreciousｃｌｏck。Ｎicｋｓaysinhismind,　“Ithiｎｋweallbelｉevedfｏrａ　momeｎtｔｈａtiｔ　haｄsmaｓhedinｐieceson　tｈeｆloor。"(Fｉzgerald,F·Scoｔt,1980）.Ｔheclock　sｙmbｏlｉzｅsthｅlovebeｔweenGatsｂyandDaｉsｙ。　Tｈeirｌovｅ，just　liketheoldclock,　wouldfalloff　oｒlose　posiｔioｎａtanytimｅ.Besｉdｅstｉmesymbｏlismabovｅ,　Ｆitzgｅraldcreateｓanothｅrtime　symbolismsystemｂy　chａngingtheseasonortime　ａsｔhe　lｏveaｆｆairofＧatsbyaｎdＤaisｙdｅｖelops.Tｈｅｓｔorybegｉnsatthesｐriｎgｏf1922,　Nickgｏｅs　ｔｏWｅst　Eggand　ｂeｃｏmestｈeｎeighｂｏｒoｆGatsｂy。Ａｔtｈattime,GatｓbｙｌoｖeｓDaｉsyｖerｙｍuch,aｎd　has　ｃonfidenceiｎ　hisliｆｅ.Hebelievesｔｈat　hecａn　wｉｎＤaiｓｙbａck。Wheｎthetｉme　gｏestohotsummer,ｔhｅplｏtaｌsｏgｏes　to　itsclimaｘ—GaｔsbｙqｕａrrelｓwｉthTom,　ａnｄlatｅr　ｏn，DaisyｋｉllsＷｉlsonbydriviｎgGatsbｙ’scar。Theheat　is　tooｏpｐｒｅｓｓivｅtｏｐutｕpfor　eveｒｙｏne　whoprｅsentｓonthatday。Nｅarlyａtoｎe　nigｈｔ,“thｅnighｔ　hadmade　asharpｄifferencｅｉｎtｈｅｗｅatheｒａndthere　wasanautumnflａｖorｉnthｅair。”(周敦仁，1982)。Theauｔumn　ｃomes．Ｔheａutumｎ　istｈｅ　cｒｏｗnorpeakｏｆthe　yeａr.　Aｆtｅrthｅpｅａkiｔgｏｅsｔo　ｆall.Gaｔsby’s　deathinitiatesthe　fall，ｊustaｓｔheleaｖesｆａll　ｆｒoｔhetreeｓ。　Ontｈatmornｉng,tｈegａrｄeｎertｅllsGatsby,　“I　aｍgoｉｎgｔo　draｉnｈｅpoｏl　toｄaｙ,Ｍr.Gatｓｂy。Ｌeaveswilｌｓtarｔfallinｇ　soon,aｎd　tｈentｈerｅｉsaｌwaysｔｒｏｕble　ｗiththｅ　pipｅs。”．But　Gatsbyresｐoｎds　tohｉmwｉｔｈ　ｎo,beｃausｅhｅ“nｅverｕｓedthｅpｏoｌallsummer.".Hｅdoeｓnotknoｗ19

24thａttｈefｉrst　tiｍewｈeｎhiｕseｄtheｐool　hewaｓdyinginit　(Ｆizｇerald,F·Ｓcｏtt,198０）.Sｅaｓonisnoｔ　onlythｅbaｃkground　ｏf　thestory，buｔ　alsothe　symboloｆ　Ｇａｔsby’sfａte。Obｖｉously　thesｅａsoｎsｏrtheweａtherｈavetheir　ｓymｂｏlｉcmｅanｉngsinｔhis　ｎｏvｅｌ.Ⅶ。ConｃｌusionThrｏughｔｈｅnｏveloｆThe　Greaｔ　Gaｔsbｙ,Fiｔzgeｒａlｄ'sdeｓｃripｔionofｍain　ｃｈaｒaｃteｒsｃａnbe　sｅen　aｓａpａrｔofthe　ｓｙmｂoliｓｍusedｉnｔheｗhoｌｅｎovel，　aｎｄit　deeｐｌｙｒｅflｅctsthe　writｅr’s　serioｕs　thinkｉngoｎｔｈeAｍericａnsocｉalvａlue.Fitzgｅrald　ismainlyrｅmemberedasthｅspokeｓmaｎanｄlaurｅateofthｅJazz　Age　ａｎdflａｍingyoｕth。Ｆitzgerａｌd’srｅpresentａtive　woｒkTｈeＧreaｔＧａｔsby,isoneoｆtｈecｌaｓsicsｏf　moｄernAmｅricaｎlｉteratuｒe　ｉn　ｗhｉchthe　uｓageｏｆｓyｍbolismｉs　verysucｃessｆul.Thｅemploymentｏfsymbolisｍｉsthemostｓｔｒikｉｎglｙarｔｉsｔicｆｅaｔｕrｅ,whｉcｈ　reveａlsFiｔｚｇeｒald＇ｓconsuｍmａtearｔistry.Sｙstematical　ｄiscussｉoｎof　syｍｂoｌismcanｇivereaｄersabetterunｄerstaｎｄing　of　the　ｐrofound　themｅanｄ　JaｚzAgein　Ameriｃａ.Thｉsｐａpｅｒ　focuｓｅsｏｎ　ｔｈesyｍbolismiｎTheGｒｅatＧatsbyandusesｔhesymboｌism　ｔｏｅｘpｒｅsstｈetｈｅme,　ｆromthedｅfinｉtiｏｎofｓymbolｉsm,　symｂoｌismｉnsettiｎgｓ,syｍbolisｍinchaｒacteｒizaｔｉｏn　ofｔhｅ　hｅroes，tｏsymｂolｉsｍ　ｉnｃｏloｒsａndsymboｌismiｎobjeｃｔｓ。TheGreａtGａtsｂyrepｒesｅntsａnimporｔant　periodiｎ　Ａｍｅricanculｔuｒal　histｏry。　IdｅntｉfieｄGastbｙ’s　experienｃeｓwiｔｈAｍericanｓ’，itｕncｏnｓcｉouslｙrｅｆlectｓ　ｔhe　ｍｏoｄandlooksofｔhattｉｍes。　TｈougｈｌiｖiｎginＡmerｉcａn's　boｏmｉｎgｔimｅｓａfｔｅrtｈe　WorldWａrII,Ｇａｓｔｂypresagｅsｔhatgooｄ　tiｍesdｏnｏtｌaｓtlｏｎgｏｎ　thｅbａsiｓofthｅｓurfaｃｅofTheＪazzＡge’ｓｓuccess．Ｔhrougｈtheｓｙmboｌicwaｙ,tｈe　ｗｈole　sｔoｒydｅsｃrｉbesthe　ｃharacｔeｒs,　thｅtiｍesbａckｇround,iｔsｍaｉnidｅaanｄthｅheｒoes’upａnddｏwndestinieｓ．Iｔ　reflecｔstｈａｔａtthattime,　ｔheyouｎｇｓeekｄreａms,wｈileｔhｅｙｇｅtdiｓａppoｉｎｔiｎganddｅｓｐairｉnｇsocialrealiｔy　ｕltimatelｙ.　Theｎｏveｌ　ｍirrors19

25theAmeｒicaｎatthatｔime　ｐurｓueｄthｅuppｅｒ　soｃialｌifｅcｒazily。Meaｎｗhilｅ，itrefleｃｔsｔhｅAｍerican，onthe　behalf　of　Gatsbｙ，imｐｏse　tｈeiｒｆormlesｓbutengａgiｎgillusion,　nottake　tｈerｅaｌitｙiｎtocｏnｓideraｔioｎ.Howeveｒ,theyｗorsｈipmatｅｒｉaｌｉsm。Ｔherefｏre，whatｔheｙachieｖeaｔｌastarealwaｙsdｉsappoiｎtment　anddespair,noｔ　hｉghｉｄeａs。Therｅare　a　lｏｔｏfｓｙｍboｌsintｈeｎovel,ａnｄ　it’seｘｃusable　tｈatsomeｓymbolsｄidｎotbeeｎｍeｎtioned．Ｆromthepaper　thesｙmboｌism　makesthｅautｈoranｄitsｗｏｒk　TｈeGreａt　Ｇaｔsbｙ　ｇｒｅat.Ｉntｈeｆｕturｅsｔuｄy,toconｔinueｔｏ　cｏlｌｅctmateｒialsinthisarea　soｔo　make　ｔｈis　ｒeseaｒcｈ　ｍoreprofoｕｎd　anｄｃomｐrehｅnｓive．19

26Bｉbliograｐhy[1]Ｂloom,Harｏld：Ｆ。sｃotｔ　Fitzgerald’ｓＴｈeGreatＧatｓｂy。　NewYork/Philadelｐhia:　CｈｉneseＨousｅpｕblｉsherｓ,　１986，94—9８［2］Fｉtｚgeｒaｌｄ，F.Scott:Thｅ　ＧreatGatsbｙ,Cｏllier　Books,MacMｉｌlanPublisｈiｎgCｏmpａｎy,ＮeｗYork,1９８0[3］李公昭,新编美国文学选读［M]，西安：西安交通大学出版社,２0０３（1）：7０-8０［4］李希，论《了不起的盖茨比》中的色彩描写在刻画人物中的作用［J],外国文学出版社２０02,(3）:32-３５[5］刘继军，２０世纪西方文学[Ｍ]，北京:高等教育出版社，２002[6］石昭贤等《欧美现代派文学三十讲》,贵州人民出版社,1９84[７]史志康，美国文学背景概观［M]，上海:上海外国教育出版社,1998[8]余苏凌，略论《了不起的盖茨比》中象征手法的运用［J]，外国文学，１９９9,（１）:5６-58［9]翟士钊,美国文学选读［Ｍ］,开封：河南大学出版社,１9９4,（4)：６3－66[10]张瑞华,《了不起的盖茨比》的象征主义[J］,199９，(2):9１2[11］张秉真,章安琪，杨慧林,西方文艺理论史[Ｍ],北京：中国人民大学出版社,1９9４,５08[12]周敦仁,F．ScottFｉtｚgｅrald,The　ＧｒeａtGａtsbｙ，上海译文出版社，198２19