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1、9QualitymanagementQuality(orperformance)formsthethirdcornerofthetime–cost–qualitytrianglewhichisthebasisofprojectmanagement.Qualitymanagementcanbedividedintoqualityassurance(QA),qualitycontrol(QC)andqualitystandards.Qualityassuranceistheprocessthatensurestha
2、tadequatesystems,proceduresandcontroldocumentsareinplacetomeetthequalitycriteriasetbymanagement.ThebasicprincipleofQAistogetitrightfirsttime,andeverytimeafterthat.Toensurethatthenecessaryqualityprocessesareinplace,qualitymanagementsystems(QMS),whichmaywellco
3、verthewholespec-trumofanorganization,havetobeestablishedandregularlymonitored.GuidelinesforqualitymanagementandqualityassurancestandardsarepublishedbyBSIintheISO9000,9001and9004seriesofstandards.ISO10006areguidelinesforqualityinprojectmanagementandISO10007ar
4、eguidelinesforconfigurationmanagement.Qualityisanattitudeofmindwhichshouldpermeaterightthroughanorganizationfromtheboardofdirectorsdowntotheoperativesontheshopfloororthesite.IdeallyeverybodyshouldQualitymanagementberesponsibleforensuringthathisorherworkmeets
5、thequalitystandardssetdown.Toensurethatthesestandardsaremet,qualityassurancerequireschecksandauditstobecarriedoutonaregularbasis.Qualitycontrolisessentiallytheprocessofmeasuringthepresetlevelsofaccuracyorperformanceofacomponent,system,processorprocedureandma
6、kingsurethattheselevelsareachieved.Themethodsusedtocontrolqualityincludedimensionalchecks,materialtests,non-destructivetests,pressuretests,leaktests,performancetests,documentationcontroletc.Mostorganizationshavetheirowntestproceduresandstandardsaswellashavin
7、gtocomplywithclients’requirementsandaqualitycontrolsystemmustbeinplacetomeetallthesecriteria.Thetoolsofqualitymanagementare1Thequalitymanual(policymanual);2Operationalprocedures;3Thequalityplan;4Qualityreviewsandaudits;5Causeandeffectanalysis;6Failuremodeana
8、lysis;7Paretoanalysis;8Recordingqualityproblemsinaprojecthistory;9Adocumentationfoldercontainingallthetestresults,checksandtestcertificates.Apartfromthequalitystandardsdevelopedbyanorganization,
