2022年山东省高考英语模拟试卷（一）（附答案详解）

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2022年山东省高考英语模拟试卷（一）阅读理解（本大题共15小题，共37.5分）ANEW!Children'sActivityGuideWinteratHome,aSmithsonianat-homeactivityguide"WinteratHome"isanew40-pageactivityguidethatusesthevastcollectionsandspecialknowledgeoftheSmithsoniantoarouselearners'creativityandimagination.Theguideisfilledwithhands-onactivities,puzzlesandgamesthatstudentscandotoexploretopicsinSTEM(Science?Technology,EngineeringandMathematics),history,cultureandthearts.Theguidefeaturesbilingual（双语的）Spanish/Englishlanguagecontent"WinteratHome"inviteslearnerstolookattheirhomesandneighborhoodsinnewways.Learnersareencouragedtohavefunathome,withactivitiessuchasinvitingabirdtobreakfastatyourwindowsill,decodingamessageinyourbathroommirrorandrecreatingartworksusingclothingfromyourcloset.Thislearningguidewillbeprintedanddistributedinselectcitiesandisavailableforfreedownload.Aninitialdistributionof100.000copieswillbesenttopick-upsites.HerearesomeoftheactivitiesfeaturedintheguidethatyoucanalsoaccessontheSmjthsonianLearningLab:•Learnerscancreateportraitsusingobjectsfoundintheirhomes?inspiredbytheworkofartistMarisolEscobarandtipsfromeducatorsattheNationalPortraitGallery.•LearnerscanlearnaboutJapaneseartandmakeaminipaperfoldingscreenattheNationalMuseumofAsianArt.•Learnerscanexplorelightandshadowsandexpe门mentwithvariousat-homeextensionactivitiesfromtheSmithsonianCenterforLeamingandDigitalAccess'"TalkwithMeToolkit".Ifyouareinterestedinthisguideandwanttolearnmoreinformationaboutit,don'thesitatetosendyouremailtoWinterathome@theSrn.ithson.ian.com!I.Howcanlearnersbecomemorecreativeandimaginativeaccordingtotheguide?

1A.ByteachingthemselvestwolanguagesB.Byincreasingtheirculturalawareness.C.BylearningmaterialsonSTEM,thearts,etc.D.Byexploringtheirhomesandneighborhoods.2.Whatdoweknowaboutthelearningguide?A.Itsuggestslearningthroughinterestingactivities.B.Itchargeslearnersbasedonhowlongtheyuseit.C.Itstressestheimportanceofgettingclosetonature.D.Itwillbeprintedanddistributedalloverthecountry.3.WhatistaughtbytheNationalMuseumofAsianArt?A.Learntopaintportraits.B.LearnJapanesepaperfolding.C.Makelightandshadowexperiments.D.TalkwitheducatorsfromtheMuseum.BKristinaGligoricattheSwissFederallllstituteofTechnologyinLausanneandhercolleaguestrackedfoodpurchasesmadeatauniversitycampususingsma1tcards.Theteamtrackedtheeatinghabitsof39,000studentsandstafffrom2010to2018.0naverage,people'spurchasesweretrackedfor578daysandtheyvisitedshops,cafes,restaurantsandvendingmachines188times.Ofthe39,000users,830peoplewereidentifiedas"matchedpairs"ofstrangersaftertheirpurchasesweremonitoredforayearandfoundtobesimilar.Theirfoodpurchasesthen~astheyrespectivelybegantoeatwithdifferentfriends.Thematchedpairs'purchasesweremonitoredtoseehowtheychangedbeforeandaftertheybeganeatingsocially,andmeasuredbycalculatingwhenandwherepurchasesweremade.Theresearchersdiscoveredthatifanewfriendeatspizza,thetrackedpersonismorelikelytoeatpizza.Incomparisontotheotherpersonintheirmatchedpa江，peoplewhoseeatingcompanionsatemoreunhealthyfoodsweremorelikelytobuyoneextrasoftdrinkand0.5additionalpizzasinthesixmonthsaftertheybuddiedup.S皿larly,peoplewhomadefriendswithhealthyeatersboughtonaverageanextra5.71healthyitemsand1.13fewerunhealthyoptionsoversixmonths.第2页，共22页

2Thestudyisanimportantadditiontonutritionalresearch,saysZeinabMullaatIn1perialCollegeLondon.WhjJeplentyofresearchexistsaboutsocialinfluencesondiet,it'softenself-reporteddataorbasedonsmalllaboratoryexercises."Digitaltracingiswherewe'retryingtotakethefieldofdietaryassessment,"shesays.However,thestudydidn'taccountforonekeyelementofthestudentdiet:thelunchstudentsbringtocampus."Wedon'tknowwhatpeoplecookathomeandbringtocampus,"saysGligoric,whohopestoincorporatethatinfuturestudjes.4.Whataspectofthestudyismainlydescribedinparagraph1?A.Thepurpose.B.Theprocess.C.Thebackground.D.Tl1epart1c1pants.5.Whatdoestheunderlinedword"deviated"meaninparagraph2?A.Stopped.B.Declined.C.Varied.D.Spread.6.Whatdidtheresearchersfindintheirstudy?A.Peoplegenerallypreferhealthyeating.B.Peopletendtomakefriendswithhealthyeaters.C.PeopleusuallylearnfromthosepreferringhealthyfoodD.Peoplepickitemssimilartothepersonthey'reeatingwith.7.Whatwasignoredinthestudy?A.Thecookingskills.B.ThepackedLunch.C.Thefoodinschool.D.Seasonalvariation.cTopromoteemployees'creativity,managersshouldconsiderofferingasetofrewardsforthemtochoosefrom.accordingtoanewstudybymanagementexpertsatRiceUniversity.Thestudy,co-authoredbyJingZhou.theMaryGibbsJonesProfessorofManagementandPsychologyatRice'sJonesGraduateSchoolofBusiness,isthefirsttosystematicallyexaminetheeffectsofrewardchoiceinafieldexperiment,whichwasconductedinthecontextofanorganization-widesuggestionprogram."Organizationsspendalotofresourcesandmakeagreatdealofeffortindesigningincentive（激励的）plansthatrewardtheemployeeswhoexh伽tcreativityatwork,"Zhousaid."Ourresultsshowedthattheeffo1tmaybeabitmisplaced.Insteadofdiscoveringonerewardtypethatisparticularlyeffectiveatpromotingcreativity,whatismoreeffectiveistoprovidetheemployeeswiththeopportunitytochoosefromseveralrewardtypes,iftheysubmitoneormore

3ideasthatareamongthetop20%mostcreativeones."Workersinthestudyweregivenarangeofoptions:afinancialrewardfortheindividualemployeeortheirteam,aself-discretionary(自由决定的）rewardsuchasgettingprioritytoselectdaysoff,oradonationthecompanymadetoacharityselectedbytheemployee.Thosechoiceshadpositive,significanteffectsonthenumberofcreativeideasemployeesthoughtupandthecreativitylevelofthoseideas.Thestudiesalsofoundthatrewardsaimedathelpingothers,suchasmakingadonationtoacharity,mightbeespeciallypowerful.Butforless-creativeemployees,aJternativerewardsthatbenefittl1oseinneedmightactuallylowercreativityandshouldbeavoidedTheresearchersalsofoundthatthechoiceofrewardsdevelopedcreativitybyraisingtheemployees'beliefintheirabilitytobecreative.Alternativerewardsalsohadapowerfulimpactonpromotingthecreativityofemployeeswhoearlierhadscoredhighonanassessmentofcreativepersonalitycharacteristics.8.Whywasthestudyconducted?A.Topromoteemployees'creativity.B.Todiscoverandrewai·dcreativeemployees.C.Tosetanexampletootherorganizations.D.Toexaminetheeffectsofdifferentrewardchoices.9.WhichofthefollowingstatementswouldProfessorZhouagreewith?A.Effectsofrewardchoiceinafieldexperimentarerandom.B.It'snecessarytoconfirmwhichrewardisthemosteffective.C.It'sadvisabletoletemployeeschoosetheirownfavoriterewardtypes.D.It'sinappropriatetochoosefromthetop20%mostcreativeemployees.10.Whatdoesthestudyshowaboutless-creativeemployees?A.Theypreferdonatingtoacharity.B.Theyresistprioritytoselectdaysoff.C.Theylacktheopportunitytogetpromoted.D.Theytendtoenjoyaself-benefitingreward.11.What'sthebesttitleforthetext?A.FinancialrewardscanmotivateemployeesB.Userewardseffectivelytopromotecreativity第4页，共22页

4C.Effectsofrewardsonemployeescan'tbeignoredD.MakeeveryefforttodesignthebestincentiveplansDIt'sacommonoccurrence:Yousitdowntostudyandfindyourselfthinkingaboutafriend,dinner-anythingbutyourupcomingtest.Ourmindswander.Alot.Thatnewtrainofthoughthasbeentiedtocreativity.Butsomemindsgetstuck,focusedonthesamethoughtsoverandover.Anewstudyfindsthatpatternsofelecti·icalactivityinthebraintrackdifferenttypesofthoughts.Thisisthefirst-timescientistshavetiedthebrain'sactivitytoourthoughtpatterns.Thestudyhired39youngadultstocomeintoalab,wheretheyworeasensor-linedcapthatdetectsbrainwavesintheareabelow.Whilewearingthecap,eachparticipantsatatacomputer.Anarrowappearedonthescreen,pointingeitherrightorleft.Whenitdid,theyhadtopressthematchingarrowonthekeyboard.Ifthatsoundslikeasimpletask,itwas.Andthatwasintentional.Theresearcherswantedtheparticipantstodoataskthatallowedtheirmindstowander.Attheendofthetask,researchersaskedtheparticipantswhattheirthoughtsweredoingastheycompletedthetask.Weretheyfocusedonthetask?Weretheirthoughtswanderingfreely?Weretheydeliberatelyfocusingonsometopic?Orweretheirthoughtsstuckononespecificthing?Thatlasttypeisonethatdoesn'teasilygoaway.Suchthoughtsmightincludeworryingaboutafamilymemberorreplayinganargumentwitha扣end.Whentheresearchersmatchedupdifferentthought.typestospecificbrainactivities,theyfoundaclearconnection.Thatwasespeciallytrueinapartofthebrainrightbehindtheforehead.Thisfrontallobe（额叶）islinkedtoattention,memoryandproblem-solving.Butstrongeralphawavesinthisregiondidnotindicatepeoplefocusedtheirthoughts—eitheronthetaskoronsomethingelse."Thealphawaveshavebeenshownduringcreativeprocessesaswell,"saysJuliaKam,acognitiveneuroscientist.Andinthisstudy,"that'swhenthoughtsjumpfromonethingtoanother.Suchfreelymovingthoughtsmaybethekeytocreativeproblem-solving."12.Whatdidthenewstudyfocuson?A.Howtosolveproblemsquickly.B.Howtoavoidabsent-mindedness.

5C.Howbrainactivitiesaretiedtothoughtpatterns.D.Howthebrainformsdifferenttypesofthoughts.13.Whywasthe缸rowtaskdesignedtobesoeasyforthepa1ticipants?A.TogetaconvincingstudyresultB.Tohelpthemconcentrateonthetask.C.Tokeeptheirbrainopentootherthoughts.D.Toensuretheywouldpresscorrectarrows.14.Whatweretheparticipantsrequiredtodoattheendofthestudy?A.Focusonsomespecifictopics.B.Press"Enter"onthekeyboard.C.Typetheirthoughtsintothecomputer.D.Answertheresearchers'questions.LS.Whichpatternofthoughtislinkedtostrongalphawavesinthefrontallobe?A.Awanderingmind.B.Afocusedmind.C.Aconsciousmfod.D.Adullmind.二、阅读七选五（本大题共5小题，共12.5分）Somethingthatisinteractiveinvolvesinputoractionsonthepartoftheuser.Interactivereadingthusrequiressomeinvolvementonthepartofthereader.Printbookswithalternativeeodings,e-bookswithhyperlinks,virtualbooks,websitesandevenbiogsandwikisareexamplesofthingsthatcanbereadinteractively．盄Elementaryschoolteachersexposetheirstudentstovariousformsofinteractivereading.立Teachersuseavarietyoftools,methodsandinteractivelessonstoincreaseretention(i己忆）oftopicsandfurtherlearning.Interactivelearningmaterialssuchascompanionwebsitesprovideadditionalinvolvementbeyondthetext.立Adultshavetheab山tytole釭nonlinefromavarietyofinteractivemed团．Newspaperandmagazinewebsitesareprimaryexamples.Throughonlinecontent,publishersencouragereaderstogobeyondtheprintedtextoronlinearticles.Readerscancomment-providefeedback,attendonlineseminarsorgleanresourcesforfurtherstudyfromreadingandfollowinglinksTheuseofinteractiveleai·ningmaterials,andindeedtheentireconceptofinteractivereading,iscommonlyassociatedwithtechnology．旦土Pop-upbookswithmovableelementsandadditionalcontentappearedinVictorian-eralearningmaterials.Theseearlyformsofinteractive第6页，共22页

6readingsoughttoengagechildrenwithmanipulative（操作的）componentstoillustrateconceptsandcomplexsystems.Moderntechnologyallowsforafardeeperandbroaderuseofinteractivemedia监Theyachievethisbyusingmultimediatools,onlinecontentandvariousinteractions.A.Interactivelearningcanhelpmakereadingfun.B.LearninghowtoreadcanbechallengingforanyotherchiJd.C.Readersbecomeanecessarypartoftheirownabsorptionofinformation.D.Actually,encouragingtheinteractionofreaderswhilereadingisnotnew.E.Theaimistoteachlanguageartskillsandimprovereadingcomprehension.F.School-agechildrenarenottheonlyonestobenefitfrominteractivereading.G.Intheseexamples,theactionofthereadersinfluencestheirexperienceofatext.16.A.AB.Bc.cD.DE.EF.FG.G17.A.AB.Bc.cD.DE.EF.FG.G18.A.AB.Bc.cD.DE.EF.FG.G19.A.AB.Bc.cD.DE.EF.FG.G20.A.AB.Bc.cD.DE.EF.FG.G三、完形填空（本大题共15小题，共15.0分）[walkedintomyadviser'soffice?overflowingwithfrustrationandconfusion.Ihadreceivedtheadviceatarecent型developmentworkshop.It丝凶whatJhadheardsomanytimesbefore:Ishouldfollowmydream.ButasaninternationalstudentworkinginAmerica?Ididn'thavetimeto凶whatthatdreamwas.Afterlisteningtomy凶，myadvisercalmlylookedacrosshisdesk.Hetoldmethatinsteadoffocusingon骂adreamjob,IshouldthinkaboutwhatIamgoodatandwhatmakesmehappyatleast80%ofthetime.Astothesaying"Ifyou翩whatyoudo.you'llneverworkadayinyourlife",myadviserassuredmethereisseldomsuchajob.Everyjobhasits立bits.But

7whenyou'rehappymostofthetime,youcan位坠thepartsyoudon'tlike.Thisadvice位.2)_meatfirst,butitendedupbeing位QlwhatIneededtohear.Totestthe副，duringmy"sparetime"ingradschoolIstartedablogaboutthehistoryofscientificdiscoveries.IfoundthatIlovedthe位泣tochoosewhattowriteabout,andInever旦丛achallengeIcouldn'thandle.AsforwhetherIwasanygoodatit,thesignswere.Q.少．Mywritinggotnoticed,eventuallybypeopleatmyinstitution.After3yearsofwriting,!wasoffereda凶asasciencewriter.Iamhappy—morethan80%ofthetime.21.A.spiritB.careerC.cultureD.economy22.A.deniedB.criticizedC.emphasizedD.recorded23.A.exploreB.imagineC.recommendD.follow24.A.goalB.proposalC.ideaD.complaint25.A.doingB.quittingC.findingD.accepting26.A.loveB.regretC.expectD.remember27.A.typicalB.abstractC.sensitiveD.ugly28.A.seecoB.strugglethroughC.keeponD.comeacross29.A.excitedB.comfortedC.surprisedD.convinced30.A.unnecessarilyB.especiallyC.hopefulJyD.exactly3I.A.regulationB.informationC.productsD.waters32.A.peaceB.storyC.potentialD.freedom33.A.ignoredB.representedC.encounteredD.mastered34.A.ridiculousB.accidentalC.promisingD.disappointing35.ApositionB.patentC.taskD.pernlission四、语法填空（本大题共1小题，共15.0分）36.LocatedinPingYaoCounty,ShanxiProvince,theAncientCityofPingYaowell(I)(preserve)thehistoricformofthecounty-levelcitiesoftheHanpeopleinChinafromthe14thto20thcentury.(2)_(cover)anareaof225hectares,theAncientCityofPingYaois(3)completebuildingcomplexincludingancientwalls,streetsandlanes,shops,dwellingsandtemples.Itslayoutreflects(4)_(perfect)thedevelopmentsinarchitecturalstyleandurbanplanningoftheHancitiesovermorethan第8页，共22页

8fivecenturies.Particul缸ly,fromthe19thcenturytothee缸Jy20thcentury,theAncientCityofPingYaowasa(5)_(finance)centerforthewholeofChina.Thenearly4,000existingshopsandtraditionaldwellingsinthetown(6)_aregrandinformbearwitnesstoPingYao'sprosperityoveracentury.WanfoShrine,themainshrineofZhenguoTemple,datingbacktotheFiveDynasties,isoneofChina's(7)_(early)andmostprecioustimberstructurebuildingsin(8)_(exist).(9)_(found)inthe14thcentury,theAncientCityofPingYaoisanoutstandingexampleofHancities.ItkeepsalltheHancityfeatures,providesacompletepictureofthecultural,social,economicandreligiousdevelopmentinChinesehistory,(10)_itisofgreatvalueforstudyingthesocialfonn,econornicstructure,milita1-ydefense,religiousbelief,traditionalthinking.traditionalethicsanddwelJingform.五｀书面表达（本大题共2小题，共40.0分）37假定你是学校学生会主席，需在学校英文报上刊登一则关千我国义务教育“双减“政策的征文比赛通知。内容包括：1参赛作品需含“双减＇政策的定义；2参赛作者对“双减＇政策的看法与心愿3截稿时间。注意：1写作词数应为80左右；2．标题、开头和结尾已为你写好。Callforcompositionson"doublereduction"policyDearstudents,Don'tforgettosubmityourcompositionsbeforenextFridayTheStudentCouncil38.阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。"No.Stoplaughing.Ijustwanttosing."Dylanwokeupsweating.HehadthatteJTibledreamagain.Whenhewasinthe8thgrade,heenteredhisschool'stalentshow.Thesecondhestartedtosing,thekidsstartedlaughingathim.Nomatterwhatothersthoughtofhim,singingwasalwayssomethingthatmadehimfeellikelifewasn'tasunfairasitreallywas.Hefinallygotoutofbedandletoutasigh,gotwashedup,dressedinadarkblueshirtand

9darkbluejeans,andheadeddownstairstohavebreakfast."Moming,honey,"hismomsmiled."Moming,Mom,"Dylansmiledback.Helovedhismom.Shewasoneofthefewpeoplewhocaredabouthimeventhoughshehadhadcancer."Goodluck,Dylan.You'lldogreat,"hismomtoldhim."Sure,"hesimplyreplied.That'swhatshethinks,hethought.Dylanwasinscienceclassandtheteacherwasgivingalessonaboutcancer.Whentheteachertalkedaboutcancer,Dylanfelthisstomachdrop.Eventhoughhismomwasinremission（缓解），everydayheworriedifthecancerwouldcomeback.Ifhelosther,hedidn'tknowwhathewoulddo.Hefeltthathewasgoingtocomeapart.Dylanaskedtheteacherforaleaveandthenwalkedslowlytothebathroom.WhenhefinaJlystoppedcrying,hestartedtosingoneofhisfavoritesongs:SimonbyLifehouse.ltwasasongaboutfeelingaloneandhavingafriendwhohelpedyou.Dylandidn'thaveanyfriendsandwasn'tsureifheeverwould,buthehadhismomandthatwasenough.Ashesangit.hestartedtoforgetaboutwhathappenedinscienceclass.Singingalwaysmadehimfeelalive.Thenhesawatallboystandingthere.'TmTy.Nicetomeetyou,"theboysaidwithasmile."Dylan,"hewhispered.注意：L续写词数应为150左右；2．请按如下格式在相应位置作答。Tysaid,Dylan.lthinkyou'vegotagoodvoiceandIplayguitarinabandcalledShootingStar.Afterpracticingwiththebandforseveralmonths,Dylandecidedtotakepartinthetalentshowagain.第LO页，共22页

10答案和解析1~3.【答案】C、A、B【解析】(1)C推理判断题。根据文堂第二段"WinteratHome"isanew40-pageactivityguidethatusesthevastcollectionsandspecialknowledgeoftheSmithsoniantoarouselearners'creativityandimagination(“家中的冬天”是一个新的40页的活动指南，使用史密森尼的大旦收藏和特殊知识来激发学习者的创造力和想象力。）可知：学生可以在STEM中探索主题。可知本题选C符合。通过学习STEM上的材料，来让学习者变得更有创造力和想象力。故选C。(2)A细节理解题。根据文章第二段：Thegujdeisfilledwithhand-onactivities（该指南充满了实践活动）和第五段Herearesomeoftheactivities…（它建议通过有趣的活动学习。在文章第四段Aninitialdistributionof100.000copieswillbesenttopick-upsites.（这本学习指南会在指定的城市打印和发行，并且可以免费下载学习）所以B和D错误。文章中也没有强调亲近自然的重要性，所以排除B项。A.Itsuggestslearningthroughinterestingactivities.（它建议通过有趣的活动来学习。）符合题意。故选A。(3)B．推理判断题。根据文章第五段下面的第二项活动·LearnerscanlearnaboutJapaneseartandmakeaminipaperfoldingscreenattheNationalMuseumofAsianArt.（学习者可以在国家亚洲艺术博物馆了解日本艺术并制作迷你纸屏风。）可知：在NationMuseumofAsianArt（国家亚洲艺术博物馆）里可以学到日本折纸。故选B。本文是一篇应用文。主要讲了“家中的冬天”是一个新的40页的活动指南，使用史密森尼的大偏收藏和特殊知识来激发学习者的创造力和想象力。做这类题材阅读理解时要求考生对文章通读一遍，做题时结合原文和题目有针对性的找出相关语句进行仔细分析，结合选项选出正确答案。4~7.【答案】C、C、D、B【解析】(l)C细节理解题。根据第一段KristinaGligoricattheSwissFederalInstituteofTechnologyinLausanneandhercolleaguestrackedfoodpurchasesmadeatauniversitycampususingsmartcards.Theteamtrackedthe

11eatinghabitsof39,000studentsandstafffrom2010to2018.0naverage,people'spurchasesweretrackedfor578daysandtheyvisitedshops,cafes,restaurantsandvendingmachines188times.（瑞士洛桑联邦理工学院的灼istinaGligoric和她的同事使用智能卡跟踪大学校园内的食品购买。该团队从2010年到2018年跟踪了3.9万名学生和工作人员的饮食习惯。平均来说，人们的购买行为被跟踪了578天，他们去了商店、咖啡馆、餐馆和自动售货机188次。）可知以上描述是对研究的整体背朵进行说明。A.Thepurpose．目的；B.Theprocess．过程；C.Thebackground背景；D.Theparticipants参与者。故答案为C。(2)C．猜测词义题。根据下句astheyrespectivelybegantoeatwithdifferentfriends.（当他们开始和不同的朋友吃饭时）可知和不同朋友吃饭，他们的购物也会发生变化。A.Stopped停止；B.Declined下降；C.Varied变化；D.Spread传播。故答案为C。(3)D.细节理解题。根据第三段Theresearchersdiscoveredthatifanewfriendeatspizza,thetrackedpersonismorelikelytoeatpizza.（研究人员发现，如果一个新朋友吃比萨饼，被跟踪的人更有可能吃比萨饼。可知研究发现：人们挑选和他们一起吃饭的人相似的食物。A.Peoplegenerallypreferhealthyeating．人们通常更喜欢健康饮食；B.Peopletendtomakefriendswithhealthyeaters人们倾向千和健康的饮食者交朋友；C.Peopleusuallylearnfromthoseprefer-ringhealthyfood人们通常会从喜欢健康饮食的人身上学到东西；D.Peoplepickitemssimilartothepersonthey'reeatingwith人们会挑选和正在吃饭的人类似的食物。故答案为D。(4)B．推理判断题。根据最后一段第一行However,thestudydidn'taccountforonekeyelementofthestudentdiet:thelunchstudentsbringtocampus（然而，这项研究没有考虑学生饮食的一个关键因素：学生带到校园的午餐。）可知研究中忽略的是自带午餐。A.Thecookings灼lls．做饭技能；B.ThepackedLunch自带午餐；C.Thefoodinschool学校内的食物；D.Seasonalvariation.季节变化。故答案为B。本文是一篇记叙文。主要讲述的是瑞士洛桑联邦理工学院的KristinaGligoric和她的同事使用智能卡跟踪大学校园内的食品购买。一、速读全文，了解大意知主题。阅读能力一般指阅读速度和理解能力两个方面。阅读速度是阅读最基本的能力，考生必须在十分有限的时间内运用略读、扫读、跳读等技巧快速阅读，搜寻关键词、主题句，捕捉时空、顺序、情节、人物、观点，并且理清文章脉络，把握语篇实质。第l2页，共22页

12二、看题干，带着问题读文章。首先要掌握问题的类型，客观信息题可以从文章中直接找到答案；而主观判断题考查的是对文菜的感情基调等，这类题必须经过对作者的态度、意图以及对整篇文掌进行深一层的推理等。其次，了解试题题干以及各个选项所包含的信息，然后有针对性地对文幸进行扫读，对有关信息进行快速定位。此法加强了阅读的针对性，提高了做题的准确率。三、逻辑推理，做好深层理解题。在实际阅读中，有时作者并未把意图说出来，阅读者要根据字面意思，通过语篇逻辑关系，研究细节的暗示，推敲作者的态度，理解文章的寓义。要求读者对文字的表面信息进行分析、挖掘和逻辑推理，不能就事论事，以偏概全。推理题在提问中常用的词有：infer,imply,suggest,indicate等．四、猜词悟义，扫除阅读拦路虎。猜词是应用英语的重要能力。它不但需要准确无误地理解上下文，而且要有较大的泛读址，掌握或认识较多的课外词汇。我们要学会“顺藤摸瓜＂，通过构词，语法，定义，同位，对比，因果，常识，上下文等线索确定词义。8~11.【答案】D、C、B、D【解析】Cl)D细节理解题。根据第二段Thestudy,co-authoredbyJingZhou,theMaryGibbsJonesProfessorofManagementandPsychologyatRice'sJonesGraduateSchoolofBusiness,isthef订sttosystematicaIJyexaminetheeffectsofrewardchoiceina:fieldexperiment,whichwasconductedinthecontextofanorganization-widesuggestionprogram.（这项研究由莱斯大学琼斯商学院玛丽·吉布斯·琼斯管理学和心理学教授周静合著，是第一个在实地实验中系统检查奖励选择效果的研究，该实验是在整个组织的建议计划背景下进行的。）可知本次研究的目的是D.Toexaminethefactsofdifferentrewardchoices.（检查不同奖励的选择的效果）。故选D。(2)C．细节理解题。根据第三段Insteadofdiscoveringonerewardtypethatisparticularlyeffectiveatpromotingcreativity,whatismoreeffectiveistoprovidetheemployeeswiththeopportunitytochoosefromseveralrewardtypes（更有效的做法是给员工提供从多种奖励类型中进行选择的机会，而不是发现一种对促进创造力特别有效的奖励类型。）与C项

13lt'sadvisabletoletemployeeschoosetheirownfavoriterewardtypes.（让员工选择自己喜欢的激励方式很重要）相符合，故选C。(3)B．细节理解题。根据第四段最后一句Thosechoiceshadpositive,significanteffectsonthenumberofcreativeideasemployeesthoughtupandthecreativitylevelofthoseideas.（这些选择对员工想出的创造性想法的数扯和这些想法的创造性水平有积极的、显著的影响。）Those指的是rewardsuchasgettingprioritytoselectdaysoff,ordonationthecompanymadetoachildselectedbytheemployee.（奖励，如优先选择休息日，或公司捐赠给员工选择的孩子。）因此，相反的lesscreativeemployeesresistprioritytoselectdaysoff（缺乏创造力的员工拒绝优先选择休息日）故选B。(4)D标题归纳题。第一段第一句（一般总领下文）Topromoteemployees'creativity,managersshouldconsiderofferingasetofrewardsforthemtochoosefrom（为了促进员工的创造力，管理者应该考虑提供一套奖励供他们选择）及后文全都是在讨论与designincentiveplans相关事宜。D.Makeeveryefforttodesignthebestincentiveplans（尽一切努力设计最好的激励计划）符合文意。故选D。本文是一篇说明文，主要讲述为了促进员工的创造力，管理者应该考虑提供一套奖励供他们选择。一、速读全文，了解大意知主题。阅读能力一般指阅读速度和理解能力两个方面。阅读速度是阅读最基本的能力，考生必须在十分有限的时间内运用略读、扫读、跳读等技巧快速阅读，搜寻关键词、主题句，捕捉时空、顺序、情节、人物、观点，并且理消文章脉络，把握语篇实质。二、看题干，带着问题读文章。首先要掌握问题的类型，客观信息题可以从文章中直接找到答案；而主观判断题考查的是对文章的感情基调等，这类题必须经过对作者的态度、意图以及对整篇文章进行深一层的推理等。其次，了解试题题干以及各个选项所包含的信息，然后有针对性地对文章进行扫读，对有关信息进行快速定位。此法加强了阅读的针对性，提高了做题的准确率。三、逻辑推理，做好深层理解题。在实际阅读中，有时作者并未把意图说出来，阅读者要根据字面意思，通过语篇逻辑关系，研究细节的暗示，推敲作者的态度，理解文章的寓义。要求读者对文字的表面信息进行分析、挖掘和逻辑推理，不能就事论事，以偏概全。推理题在提问中常用的词第l4页，共22页

14有：infer,imply,suggest,indicate等。四、猜词悟义，扫除阅读拦路虎。猜词是应用英语的重要能力。它不但需要准确无误地理解上下文，而且要有较大的泛读损，掌握或认识较多的课外词汇。我们要学会“顺藤摸瓜＂，通过构词，语法，定义，同位，对比，因果，常识，上下文等线索确定词义。l2~15.【答案】C、C、D、A【解析】C1)C.细节理解题。根据原文第一段最后一句话"Thisisthefirst-timescientistshavetiedthebrain'sactivitytoourthoughtpatterns这是科学家首次将大脑活动，与我们的思维模式联系起来。”可知，这次实验是研究人员第一次将大脑活动和思考模式结合起来，故C选项"Howbrainactivities釭etiedtothoughtpatterns．大脑活动是如何与思考模式有关系的。＂符合题意。故选C。(2)C.细节理解题。根据第二段最后一句话"Theresearcherswantedtheparticipantstodoataskthatallowedtheirmindstowander．研究人员要求参与者做一项任务，让他们的思想开小差”可知，这是为了让参与者的脑袋可以在做简单任务的同时随意思考一些别的事情，故C选项"Tokeeptheirbrainopentootherthoughts让他们的大脑对其他想法保持开放。”符合题意。故选C。(3)D．细节理解题。根据第三段第一句话"Attheendoftl1etask,researchersaskedtheparticipantswhattheirthoughtsweredoingastheycompletedthetask在任务结束时，研究人员询问参与者在完成任务时他们的想法。”可知，研究人员让参与者说说他们在做简单任务的时候都想了些什么，故D选项"Answertheresearchers'questions．回答研究人员的问题。＂符合题意。故选D。(4)A．细节理解题。根据最后一·段”'Thealphawaveshavebeenshownduringcreativeprocessesaswell'saysJuliaKam,acognitiveneuroscientist.Andinthisstudy,'that'swhenthoughtsjumpfromonethingtoanother.Suchfreelymovingthoughtsmaybethekeytocreativeproblem-solving'认知神经科学家朱莉娅·卡姆说：｀在创造过程中，阿尔法波也被证明存在。＇在这项研究中，＇这是思想从一件事跳到另一件事的过程。这种自由运动的思想可能是创造性解决问题的关键。”可知，这种自由运动的思维模式与大脑额叶的阿尔法波有关，故A

15项'Awandering血nd游离不定的思绪＇符合题意。故选A。科学家们通过做实验证明自由运动的思维模式与大脑额叶的阿尔法波有关。做这类题材阅读理解时要求考生对文章通读一遍，做题时结合原文和题目有针对性的找出相关语句进行仔细分析，结合选项选出正确答案。16~20.【答案】G、E、F~D、C【解析】Cl)G联系上文题。根据上文Interactivereadingthusrequiressomeinvolvementonthepartofthereader.Printbookswithalternativeendings,e-bookswithhyperlinks,virtualbooks,websitesandevenbiogsandwikisareexamplesofthingsthatcanbereadinteractively.因此，互动阅读需要读者的参与。有不同结尾的印刷书籍，有超链接的电子书，虚拟书籍，网站，甚至博客和维基都是可以互动阅读的例子。可知"G.Intheseexamples,theactionofthereadersinfluencestheirexperienceofatext在这些例子中，读者的行为会影响他们对文本的体验。”意思相符，其中examples指代上文提到的那些，故选G。(2)E．联系上文题。根据上文Elementaryschoolteachersexposetheirstudentstovatiousformsofinteractivereading．小学教师让学生接触各种形式的互动阅读。可知下文讲的是这样做的目的，所以"E.Theaimistoteachlanguageartskillsandimprovereadingcomprehension目的是教授语言艺术技能，提高阅读理解能力。”意思相符，故选E。(3)F联系下文题。根据下文Adultshavetheabilitytolearnonlinefromavarietyofinteractivemedia成年人有能力通过各种互动媒体在线学习。可知成年人也受益，所以"F.School-agechildren釭enottheonlyonestobenefitfrominteractivereading．学龄儿童并不是唯一受益千互动阅读的人。”意思相符，故选F。(4)D推理判断题。可知D选项：根据上一句'Theconceptofinteractivereadingiscommonlyassociatedwithtechnology.互动阅读的概念通常与技术有关。”可知此处说的是互动阅读的概念。所以"D.Actually,encouragingtheinteractionofreaderswhilereadingisnotnew实际上，在阅读的同时鼓励读者互动并不是什么新鲜事。＂符合语境。故选D。(5)C．推理判断题。根据下文第l6页，共22页

16Theyachievethisbyusingmultimediatools,onlinecontentandvariousinteractions他们通过使用多媒体工具、在线内容和各种互动来实现这一目标。They指代的C选项中的readers，可知'C.Readersbecomeanecessarypartoftheirownabsorptionofinformation读者成为自己吸收信息的必要组成部分。”意思相符，故选C。本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了什么是互动阅读。关千选句填空的做题步骤：步骤一：快速浏览一遍备选答案，先确定哪个选项适合放在文掌的什么位置。通常在以下位置：标题，句首，句中，句尾。不同位置的句子有不同的特征。步骤二：快速浏览文章，确定文章体裁，抓住文章结构。步骤三：分析篇草结构，找出各段的主题旬或主旨大意。步骤四：注意各选项中出现的句子衔接手段，寻找句中衔接标志词。步骤五：区分相似项。21~35.【答案】B、B、A、D、A、B、D、B、C、D、A、D、C、C、A【解析】(1)B考查名词及语境理解。A.sp血精神；B.career事业；C.culture文化；D.economy经济。从第一段Iwalkedintomyadviser'soffice看出“我”去询问意见，并且是有关职业选择的意见，故选B。(2)B考查动词及语境理解。A.denied否认；B.criticized批判；C.emphasized强调；D.recorded记录。它批评了我以前听过太多次的话：我应该追随我的梦想。此句it指上句中的advice，可知与我经常听到的有所不同，故选B。(3)A考查动词及语境理解。A.explore探索，探究；B.imagine想象；C.recommend建议，推荐；D.follow遵循。根据上句ButasaninternationalstudentworkinginAmerica可知但是作为一个在美国工作的国际学生。说明我没有时间去探究我的梦想是什么。故选A。(4)D考查名词及语境理解。A.goal目标；B.proposal提议；C.idea主意；D.complaint抱怨。根据下句Hetoldmethatinsteadoffocusingon(5)adreamjob,IshouldthinkaboutwhatIamgoodatandwhatmakesmehappyatleast80%ofthetime．可知他告诉我，与其专注千做一份梦想中的工作，不如想想自己擅长什么，至少80％的时间是什么让我快乐。说明我去找指导老师诉说烦恼，故选D。(5)A考查动词及语境理解。A.doing做；B.quitting辞去；C.finding发现：D.accepting接受。他告诉我，与其专注于做一份梦想中的工作，不如想想自己擅长什么，至少80%

17的时间是什么让我快乐。本题涉及词组doajob（工作），故选A。(6)B考查动词及语境理解。A.love热爱；B.regret后悔；C.expect期待：D.remember记得。根据下句myadviserassuredmethereisseldomsuchajob．可知你将一天也工作不下去。说明如果你后悔你所做的事，你这辈子一天也不会工作。故选B。(7)D考查形容词及语境理解。A.typical典型的；B.abstract:抽象的；C.sensitive敏感的；D.ugly丑陋的。根据上句myadviserassuredmethereisseldomsuchajob．可知你将一天也工作不下去。说明每一份工作都有令人不快的I不好的一面，故选D。(8)B考查动词短语及语境理解。A.seeto处理；B.strugglethrough挣扎省通过；C.keepon继续；D.comeacross偶遇。但是大部分时候开心的时候，可以纠结自己不喜欢的部分。此句thepartsyoudon'tlike表明并不是愉快轻松的，故选B。(9)C考查动词及语境理解。A.excited使兴奋（过去式）；B.conlforted抚慰；C.surprised使惊讶；D.convinced使确信。一开始听到这个建议与后来有所不同，可以知道最后我“一定是认同接受了建议，所以刚开始感到惊讶。故选C。CIO)D考查副词及语境理解。A.unnecessarily不必要地；B.especially特别地；C.hopefully有希望地；D.exactly确实，正是如此。这个建议起初让我很惊讶，但最终它正是我需要听到的。故选D。(ll)A考查名词及语境理解。A.regulation规则；B.information信息；C.products产品；D.waters水。为了检验这一·规定，我在研究生院的业余时间＇开设了一个关千科学发现历史的博客。这里应该是检验前面指导老师所说的话是否正确，为此我进行了一系列尝试，故是检测这一规则是否正确，故选A。(12)D考查名词及语境理解。A.peace和平；B.story故事；C.potential潜力；D.freedom自由。根据上句lstartedablogaboutthehistoryofscientificdiscoveries.可知我在研究生院的＂业余时间”开设了一个关千科学发现历史的博客。说明我自由地选择自己想写的东西。故选D。(13)C考查动词及语境理解。A.ignored忽略；B.represented代表；C.encountered偶遇；D.mastered掌握。根据下句Mywritinggotnoticed,eventuallybypeopleatmyinstitution.可知我的作品引起了注意，最终被我所在机构的人注意到了。说明我从未遇到过我应付不了的挑战。故选C。(14)C考查形容词及语境理解。A.ridiculous荒谬的；B.accidental偶然的；C.prontising有希望的；D.disappointing令人失望的。根据下句Mywritinggotnoticed,eventuallybypeopleatmyinstitution可知我的作品引起了注意，最终被我所在机构的人注意到了。说明至千我是否擅长千此，种种迹象表明这是有希望的。第l8页，共22页

18故选C。(15)A考查名词及语境理解。A.position位置，职位；B.patent专利；C.task任务；D.permission允许。根据空后asasciencewriter．可知写了3年之后，我得到了一份科学作家的工作。故选A。本文是一篇记叙文，主要讲述作者去咨询职业意见，专家告诉作者：与其专注千做一份梦想中的工作，不如想想自己攒长什么，至少80％的时间是什么让我快乐。宪形填空题的命题趋势解题步骤：I通读全文，理解大意。重视首句信息，跳过空格，浏览全文，从整体上感知全文，理解文章大意，这是解题的基础。2胞前顾后，避难就易。在理解文章大意的悄况下，结合各选项的意义和用法，遵循先易后难的原则，先解决那些自己有把握的问题。对少数难题，暂时跳过，或许在上文中难以判断的题在下文中就有暗示或者明显的提示，或许一个在前面不能解答的题在填出了另一空后会令你豁然开朗。3．复读全文，解决残敌。借助已经补全的空格，对全文有了更清楚的理解，可以集中解决所遗留的少数疑难问题。4再次复读，弥补疏涌，全部做好后，务必要结合自己选择的答案重新阅读短文内容，确保全文文意连贯。36.【答案】preserves【解析】(l)preserves考查时态和主谓一致。句意：平遥古城位于山西省平遥县，完好地保存了14至20世纪中国汉族县级城市的历史形态。分析句子结构可知，空格处在句中充当谓语动词，结合句意可知句子内容讲的是客观事实，应用一般现在时。主语theAncientCityofPingYao为第三人称单数。故填preserves。(2)Covering考查现在分词。句意：平遥古城占地225公顷，是一个完整的建筑群，包括古城墙、街巷、商店、民居和寺庙。分析句子可知，theAncientCityofPingYaois(3)completebuildingcomplex为主句，且与设空处用逗号隔开，没有连词连接，故设空处应用非谓语动词形式，动词cover"覆盖”与其逻辑主语theAncientCityofPingYao是主动关系，应使用现在分词形式。该空位于句首，首字母应大写。故填Covering。(3)a．考查冠词。句意：平遥古城占地225公顷，是一个完整的建筑群，包括古城墙、街巷、商店、民居和寺庙。根据句意可知，此处是指“平遥古城是一个完整的建筑群”,

19complex”建筑群”是单数，故该空表泛指，complete以辅音音素开头。故填a。(4)perfectly考查副词。句意：它的布局完美地反映了五个多世纪以来汉族城市的建筑风格和城市规划的发展。结合句意可知，该空修饰谓语动词reflects，故应使用副词。故填perfectly。(5)financial考查形容词。句意：特别是从19世纪到20世纪初，平遥古城是整个中国的金融中心。结合句意可知，该空修饰名词center，故应使用形容词。finance“金融＂的形容词是financial“金卧的＇。故填financial。(6)which考查定语从句。句意：镇上现存的近4000家规模宏大的商店和传统民居见证了平遥一个多世纪的繁荣。分析句子结构可知，该句主语是Thenearly4,000existingshopsandtraditionaldwellingsinthetown，谓语是bearwitnessto“见证，表明',(6)aregrandinform为定语从旬，先行词就是该句主语，指物，且在定语从句中作主语。故填which。(7)earliest考查形容词最高级。句意：万佛寺是振国寺的主祠，始建千五代，是中国现存最早、最珍贵的木结构建筑之一。根据句中出现的'oneof＋形容词最高级＋名词复数”表示＇最．．．的之一”结构可知，此处应填形容词最高级。故填earliest。(8)existence．考查不可数名词。句意：万佛寺是振国寺的主祠，始建千五代，是中国现存最早、最珍贵的木结构建筑之一。该空为介词m的宾语，故应填名词。exist为动词，意为“存在“，其名词是existence，意为“存在“，不可数名词。故埴existence。(9)Founded考查过去分词。句意：平遥古城建于14世纪，是汉代城市的杰出代表。分析句子结构可知，该句主句为theAncientCityofPingYaoisanoutstandingexampleofHancities，且与设空处用逗号隔开，没有连词连接，故设空处应用非谓语动词形式，动词found”建立”与其逻辑主语theAncientCityofPingYao之间是被动关系，故应使用过去分词。故填Founded。(10)and考查连词。句意：它保留了汉城市的全部风貌，提供了中国历史上文化、社会、经济和宗教发展的完整画面，对研究社会形态、经济结构、军事防御、宗教信仰、传统思维、传统伦理和居住形态具有重要价值。分析句子结构可知，该空前后是两个完整的句子，此处应使用连词，结合句意可知，两句之间是并列关系。故填and。本文是说明文。主要介绍了位于山西省平遥县的平遥古城柜关情况。语法填空考查学生英语综合知识的运用，做题时要首先明确短文大意，从词语搭配，固定句型，语法，时态等方面综合考虑，结合上下文语境找出正确答案。37.【答案】Callforcompositionson"doublereduction"policyDearstudents,!amgladtoinformyouthatourschoolwillholdanessaycompetitiononthe"doublereduction"policyof第20页，共22页

20compulsoryeducationinChina.Everyoneiswelcometotakepartinit.Itisrequ订edthattheentriesshouldcontainthedefinitionof"doublereduction"policy.【高分句型一】（参赛作品需含“双减＇政策的定义）Besides,youcanpresentyouropinionsabout"doublereduction"policy,whichwillbefullofdiversity.【高分句型二】What'smore,theparticipatingauthorscanexpresstheirwishesfor"doublereduction"policy（参赛作者对双减＇政策的看法与心愿）Don'tforgettosubm>tyourcompositionsbeforenextFriday.Ifyouareinterestedinit,takeactioninnotime.（截稿时间）TheStudentCouncil【解析】高分句型一：Itisrequiredthattheentriesshouldcontainthedefinitionof"doublereduction"policy.译文：要求参赛作品应包含“双减“政策的定义。分析：这句话使用it作为形式主语，that引导真正的主语从句。高分句型二：Besides,youcanpresentyouropinionsabout"doublereduction"policy,whichwillbefullofdiversity.译文：此外，您还可以就“双减“政策提出自己的看法，这将是一个充满多样性的政策。分析：这句话使用which引导非限制性定语从句。这是一篇提纲类作文，需要写的内容已经给出，但是写作时不要仅仅对要点进行生硬的翻译，而是要添加些内容，使文章看起来更充实，要组成一篇通顺连贯的短文，一定要谈谈自己的看法。需要注意紧扣文章主题，给出的要点都需要包括，缺一不可。写作时注意准确运用时态，上下文意思连贯，符合逻辑关系，不能出现文章脱节问题。尽谥使用自己熟悉的单词句式，同时也要注意使用高级词汇和高级句型使文章显得更有档次。同时注意要求的字数，不要太多也不要太少。38.【答案】Ty沺d,Dylan.1thinkyou'vegotagoodvoiceandIplaytheguitarinabandcalledShootingStar."Wouldyoulikejointhebandtoshowyourtalent?Weareloo灼ngforwardsomeonelikeyoutosingforus.Ourbandjusthasfourmembersandnoonecansingwelllikeyou."Dylanhesitatedforaminuteandreplied,"Ifitisso,Iamwillingtohaveatry."（泰邀请迪伦参加乐队演唱，迪伦同意了）Afterpracticingwiththebandforseveralmonths,Dylandecidedtotakepartinthetalentshowagain.Becausehehadwell-preparedforthetalentshowforseveralmonths.Heknewhecould

21handledthis.Hewasnotfearanymore.Hisbandmemberalsoencouragedhimandagreedtoplaytheguitarforhimwhilehewassinging.【高分句型一】Thisgavehimmuchcourage,sohewasalsoconfident.【高分句型二】Whenthedaycame,heandhisbandmembercametothestage.Hisvoicewasmuchmorebeautifulwiththeguitar.Theperformancewasahugesuccess,everyoneunderthestagewassurprisedathiswell-performance.（迪伦参加乐队几个月后，去参加才艺展示，乐队成员帮他演奏，迪伦表演很成功）【解析】本文为记叙文。文章介绍迪伦唱歌会被别人嘲笑，他妈妈得了癌症，他通过唱歌缓解自己的压力，一天他在唱歌的时候遇到一个叫泰男孩，男孩和他打招呼。高分句型一：Hisbandmemberalsoencouragedhimandagreedtoplaytheguitarforhimwhilehewassin伊ng.译文：他的乐队成员也鼓励他，并同意在他唱歌时为他弹吉他。分析：这句话使用了while引导时间状语从句。高分句型二：Thisgavehimmuchcourage,sohewasalsoconfident.译文：这给了他很大的勇气，所以他也很自信。分析：这句话使用了so引导结果状语从句。解题方法点拨(I)品读原文。确定文章线索每篇文章都有各自独特的写作思路，通过精读文章，找到该篇文章的写作线索。如是以时间为线索还是以空间为线索等这样有利于考生“顺藤摸瓜（结尾）”。(2)仔细审题，明确续写要求一般短文后面的＇注意”都有对此类短文续写的具体要求，如词数限制使用几处标有下划线的关键词语。续写段落的首句提示，这样考生可以做到＇心中有数”。(3)回扣原文，揣摩续写思路根据文章后面的要求，再次快速阅读短文，抓住文章的思路结合段首的提示语最终确定续写段落的思路。同时结合文章画线词语提示，确定续写段落的内容。(4)拟写草稿，修改错词病句在确定了思路和内容之后。最关键的就是结合提示语或者文中画线的关键词拟写草稿。拟写时，注意句子结构的多样性，语言的丰富性，并通过句与句之间连接词的正确使用，使上下文连贯。第22页，共22页