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1、PARTVIICONSTRUCTIONCHAPTER35CONSTRUCTIONSTAKEOUTSURVEYSMaryMunsonRouseRoot,L.SINTRODUCTIONAs-builtreferstoapost-constructionsurveyofasite,Whilelandplannersandengineersproposeaman-madeusuallyperformedaftertheutilitiesareinstalledortheorderofinterweavingutilitynetworks,roads,
2、andbuildings,buildingsareerected.Thissurveyisusedtodetermineifsurveyorsbringtheplanstoreality.Thesurveyorexecutesthestructureiswithintheeasementandifitisbuiltac-themathematicalcalculationsassociatedwiththelayoutofcordingtoplan.Theaccuracyandqualityofnewsewerthesiteandthefiel
3、dsurveysthataccuratelyreflecttheselines,waterlines,andstreets,aswellastheiradherencetocalculations.Legalandpracticalstandardsdemandpreci-approvedconstructionplans,mustbeproventothemu-sionintwodirectionssimultaneously:thehorizontalandnicipalitybeforeitwillassumeresponsibility
4、andcontrolofthevertical.Tofulfilltheserequirements,asurveyormustthenewsystem.As-builtsurveysalsoconfirmthatthecon-researchtheexistinglandrecords,applycoordinategeom-structedprojectcomplieswithapplicablecodesandordi-etry,andprepareaboundaryandtopographicalsurveybe-nances.forea
5、nysiteconstructioncancommence.InconstructionTypically,theconstruction-stakeoutsequencebeginsstakeouts,surveyorsalignthedesignintentionswiththewithclearingandroughgradingstakeouts,followedbyfieldconditionsandprovidea‘‘lastlineofdefense’’againststakeoutsforthesanitary,stormand
6、waterlines,aswellaspotentiallycostlydesignerrors.Alicensedprofessionalsur-thecurbandgutter,buildingfootprints,power,pavement,veyormustinterpretandimplementvariousfederal,stateandpropertycorners.andlocallawsandrestrictions,satisfylegalandethicalStateThischapteroutlinesthetyp
7、icalconstruction-stakeoutBoardrequirements,andproducetrustworthydata.Onceproceduresandtechnologiesmosttypicallyemployedbytheplansarefinalizedandconstructioncontractsaretoday’ssurveyors.However,itshouldbenotedthatad-awarded,surveyorsthenbegintheconstruction-layoutpro-vancingt
8、echnologieshavethepotentialtoalterthecon-cess.struction-stakeoutprocessradically.F
