【仪表工程】staying within protected airspace

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1、Athigheraltitudes,protectedairspacehelpstomaintainNavigationalAid(NAVAID)orairfield.Consequently,separationbetweenaircraft.Atloweraltitudes,protectedyouneedtounderstandthatinsomecases,flyingtotheairspacealsoprovidesseparationfromterrainorsamestandardsrequire

2、dduringyourinstrumentratingobstructions.But,whatdoesitmeantobeestablishedflighttestdoesnotnecessarilyensurethatyouraircraftoncourse?Howwideistheprotectedairspaceofapar-willremainwithinprotectedairspaceduringIFRopera-ticularroute?Howcanyoutellfromthecockpitwh

3、ethertionsorthatyouraircraftwillbeinapositionfromyouraircraftisnearingthelimitsofprotectedairspace?whichdescenttoalandingcanbemadeusingnormalTheintentofthisappendixistoanswerthesequestionsmaneuvers.andexplainthegenerallimitsofprotectedairspacebymeansoftypica

4、linstrumentindications.Forexample,thePTSrequirestrackingaselectedcourse,radial,orbearingwithin3/4offull-scaledeflec-Somepilotsassumethatflyingtothetolerancessetouttion(FSD)ofthecoursedeviationindicator(CDI).intheFAAInstrumentPracticalTestStandards(PTS)Sincev

5、eryhighfrequencyomnidirectionalranges(http://www.faa.gov/education_research/testing/air-(VORs)useangularcrosstrackdeviation,the3/4scalemen/test_standards/)willkeepthemwithinprotecteddeflectionequatesto7.5degrees,andmeansthattheair-airspace.Asaresult,itisimpo

6、rtanttoobservethelastcraftcouldbeasmuchas6.7NMfromthecenterlinesentenceofthefollowingnoteinthePTS:when51NMfromtheVORstation.AVORreceiverisacceptableforIFRuseifitindicateswithinfourdegrees“Thetolerancesstatedinthisstandardareintendedtobeofthereferencewhenchec

7、kedataVORtestfacility.Ifusedasameasurementoftheapplicant'sabilitytooper-themaximumreceivertoleranceisaddedtotheallow-ateintheinstrumentenvironment.Theyprovideguid-ableoff-courseindication,anaircraftcouldbe11.5anceforexaminerstouseinjudgingtheapplicant'sdegre

8、esfromthecenterline,orabout10.4NMoffthequalifications.Theregulationsgoverningthetolerancescoursecenterlineat51NMfromthestation.Thepri-foroperationunderInstrumentFlightRules(IFR)aremaryprotecteda