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1、Today’sNationalAirspaceSystem(NAS)consistsofa•Approximately13,000instrumentflightproce-complexcollectionoffacilities,systems,equipment,duresasofSeptember2005,including1,159procedures,andairportsoperatedbythousandsofpeo-instrumentlandingsystem(ILS),121ILSpletoprovideasafean
2、defficientflyingenvironment.Category(CAT)II,87ILSCATIII,7ILSwithTheNASincludes:precisionrunwaymonitoring(PRM),3microwavelandingsystem(MLS),1,261nondirectionalbea-•Morethan690airtrafficcontrol(ATC)facilitiescon(NDB),2,638VHFomnidirectionalrangewithassociatedsystemsandequipm
3、enttoprovide(VOR),and3,530areanavigation(RNAV),30radarandcommunicationservice.localizertypedirectionalaid(LDA),1,337local-•Volumesofproceduralandsafetyinformationnec-izer(LOC),17simplifieddirectionalfacilityessaryforuserstooperateinthesystemandfor(SDF),607standardinstrumen
4、tdeparture(SID),FederalAviationAdministration(FAA)employeesand356standardterminalarrival(STAR).toeffectivelyprovideessentialservices.•Approximately48,200,000instrumentoperations•Morethan19,800airportscapableofaccommo-loggedbyFAAtowersannually,ofwhich30per-datinganarrayofai
5、rcraftoperations,manyofcentareaircarrier,27percentairtaxi,37percentwhichsupportinstrumentflightrules(IFR)depar-generalaviation,and6percentmilitary.turesandarrivals.•Approximately11,120airnavigationfacilities.America’saviationindustryisprojectingcontinued•Approximately45,80
6、0FAAemployeeswhopro-increasesinbusiness,recreation,andpersonaltravel.videairtrafficcontrol,flightservice,security,TheFAAexpectsairlinesintheUnitedStates(U.S.)tofieldmaintenance,certification,systemsacquisi-carryabout45percentmorepassengersbytheyear2015tions,andavarietyofot
7、herservices.thantheydotoday.[Figure1-1]Figure1-1.IFROperationsintheNAS.1-1BRIEFHISTORYOFTHEhelpedcontrollerstokeepabreastofthepostwarboomNATIONALAIRSPACESYSTEMincommercialairtransportation.Abouttwodecadesaftertheintroductionofpoweredflight,aviationindustryleadersbelievedth
8、attheairplaneFollowingWorldWarII,airtravelincreased,butwithwouldnotreachitsfullcommercial
