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1、Prelims-H6531.qxd11/7/061:40PMPageiCh24-H6531.qxd11/8/062:28PMPage209SectionSixThefunctionaldimensionTEAMLinGCh24-H6531.qxd11/8/062:28PMPage211Thefunctionaldimension211Althoughthe‘visual’andthe‘socialusage’traditionsSarkissian,1986;ProjectforPublicSpace,2001).Asofurbandesignthoughteachhada‘function
2、alist’theProjectforPublicSpace(2001:51)advise:‘Whenperspective,itwasinterpreteddifferently.Intheyouobserveaspaceyoulearnabouthowitisactuallyvisual-artistictradition,thehumandimensionwasused,ratherthanhowyouthinkitisused.’Accordingly,oftenabstractedoutandreducedtotechnicaloraes-Chapter25isfromWillia
3、m‘Holly’Whyte’sThetheticcriteria,suchthatthefunctioningoftheenvi-SocialLogicofSmallUrbanSpaces(1980).Originallyronmentcouldbeconsideredintermsof,forexample,publishedasabooklet,Whyte’sworkwassubse-‘trafficflow’,‘access’and‘circulation’.Inthesocial-quentlypublishedasamoresubstantialbook,City:usagetra
4、dition,therewasaconcernforthefunction-RediscoveringtheCentre(1988).Oneoftheclassicingoftheenvironmentintermsofhowpeopleusedurbandesigncanon,Whyte’sanalysishasbeenofpar-it.Considerationofthefunctionaldimensionrein-ticularinterestintermsofhowpeopleusepublicforcesthenotionofurbandesignasadesignprocess
5、.spaces.AtrainedsociologistwhoseinterestsinitiallyAsdesigncriteriahavetobesatisfiedsimultaneously,focusedonthequalityofruralopenspaces(LaFarge,inanydesignprocessthereisadangerofnarrowly2000),Whyteusedphotographicstudiesofarangeprioritisingaparticulardimension–aesthetic,func-ofNewYork’surbanspacesto
6、observehowpublictional,technicaloreconomic–andofisolatingitfromspaceisactuallyused.Inparticular,heobservedthatitscontextandfromitscontributiontothegreatertheconstituencyforpublicspaceismainlylocalandwhole.Appleyard(1991:8),forexample,arguesthatthattheprovisionofpublicspacecreatesitsownwhiletheecono
7、mistseestheresolutionofdifferencesdemand,butalso,conversely,thatmanyofNewintermsof‘compromise’and‘trade-offs’,theurbanYork’surbanspaceswerelittleusedanddidnotjus-designerofferscreativeingenuityandaddsvaluet
