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1、Thischapterpresentsinformationoninstrumentflightrule(IFR)helicopteroperationsintheNationalAirspaceSystem(NAS).Althoughhelicopterinstrumentflightisrelativelynewwhencomparedtoairplaneinstrumentflight,theglobalpositioningsystem(GPS)andthedevelopingWideArea
2、AugmentationSystem(WAAS)arebringingapproachprocedurestoheliportsaroundthecountry.AsofFebruary2006therewereapproximately45public“Copter”instrumentflightprocedures,includ-ing23instrumentlandingsystem(ILS),5RNAV(GPS)point-in-space(PinS),6non-directionalbea
3、con(NDB),8VHFOmni-directionalRange(VOR),and227privateRNAV(GPS)“Specials”eithertorunwaysorPinSapproachestoheliports.ThisdoesnotincludeapproachproceduresthatarelocatedfivemilesormorefromshoreintheGulfofMexicoandotherlocations.Theabilitytooperatehelicopter
4、sunderIFRincreasestheirutilityandsafety.HelicopterIFRoperatorshaveanexcellentsafetyrecordduetotheinvestmentinIFRequippedhelicopters,developmentofinstrumentapproachprocedures,andIFRtrainedflightcrews.TheFigure7-1.IcingTests.Tosafelyprovideanall-weatherca
5、pabil-safetyrecordofIFRoperationsintheGulfofMexicoisityandflightintoknownicingconditionsthatwouldotherwisedelayorcancelwinterflightoperations,thedigitalcontrolofequivalenttothesafetyrecordofthebest-ratedairlines.theS-92rotoriceprotectionsystem(RIPS)dete
6、rminesthetem-ManufacturersareworkingtoincreaseIFRall-weatherperatureandmoisturecontentoftheairandremovesanyicecapabilitiesofhelicoptersbyprovidingslowerminimumbuildupbyheatingthemainandtailrotorblades.Thesystemisinstrumentairspeeds(VMINI),fastercruising
7、speeds,andshownhereduringtesting.betterautopilotsandflightmanagementsystems(FMS).Asaresult,inOctober2005,thefirstcivilhelicopterinconditions(IMC),itmustmeetthedesignandinstallationtheUnitedStateswascertifiedforflightintoknownrequirementsofTitle14CodeofF
8、ederalRegulations(14icingconditions.[Figure7-1]CFR)Part27,AppendixB(NormalCategory)andPart29,AppendixB(TransportCategory),whichareinaddi-HELICOPTERIFRCERTIFICATIONtiontothevisualflightrule(VFR)requirements.Itisveryimportantthatpi
