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ID:8079779
大小:953.05 KB
页数:26页
时间:2018-03-05
《smart materials and new technologies:smart products》由会员上传分享,免费在线阅读,更多相关内容在学术论文-天天文库。
1、6SmartproductsForsometimesmartmaterialsfoundtheirprimaryuseininterestingbutspecializedengineeringandscientificapplica-tions,or,attheotherendofthespectrum,innoveltyapplications(e.g.,theendlessnumbersofthermochromiccoffeecupsthatchangecolorswhenfilled).Recently,
2、awholehostofnewproductshavefoundtheirwayintothemarket–someinteresting,somenot–asdesignersbeganto‘discover’them.Thischapterbrieflylooksatsmartmaterialsfromaproduct-orientedperspective.Inordertounderstandsmartmaterialuseinaproductcontext,wemustfirststepbackandlo
3、okatsmartmaterialsfromabroadphenomenologicalperspective.Whatdotheyactuallydointermsthatareofinteresttoadesigner?Whateffectsoractionsareneededorwanted?Afterthisreview,wewilllookmoredirectlyattheresultsofdramaticchangesthathaveoccurredinproductiontechnologiestha
4、thaveusheredinnewproductformsormadeexistingoneslessexpensive.Forexample,therehavebeenmanyamazingtechnologicalimprovementsintheproductionofthinfilms.Manyexcitingsmartproductshavebecomepossiblenotsomuchbecauseofinnovationsatthebasicmaterialslevel,butratherbecaus
5、eofimprovedmanufacturingtechnologies.Manyoftheproduc-tiontechnologiesdevelopedhaveallowedmanysmartmaterialsthatwereheretoforeonlylaboratorycuriositiestobecomeusabletothedesigncommunity.Thischapterthusfocusesonidentifyingtheactionsandeffectsthatarepossibleviasm
6、artmaterials,andthenonthetechnologiesthatallowthemtobeimplemented.Themarriagebetweenthesetwostreamshasindeedbecomeahappyone.6.1AphenomenologicalperspectiveAswehaveseen,mostsmartmaterialsactuallyworkatthemicro-scale(smallerthanamicron)andarethusnotvisibletotheh
7、umaneye.Nevertheless,theeffectsproducedbythesemechanismsareoftenatthemeso-scale(approximatelyacentimeter)andmacro-scale(largerthanameter).Whereasthephysicalmechanism–howthematerialworks–isentirely138SmartproductsSmartMaterialsandNewTechnologiesdependentuponthe
8、materialcomposition;thephenomen-ologicaleffects–theresultsproducedbytheactionofthematerial–aredeterminedbymanythingsindependentofthematerialcomposition–includingquantity,assemblyco
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