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1、IntroductionJonathanSwift(1667-1745)wasagreatIrishsatirist,poet,politicalpamphleteerandwriter.Comingfromafamilywhichhadseveralinterestingliteraryconnections,JonathanSwiftwaswell-educated.JonathanSwiftwrotehisownepitaphwhichWilliamButlerYeatpoeticallytranslateditfromtheLatin
2、as:Swifthassailedintohisrest;SavageindignationthereCannotlaceratehisbreast.Imitatehimifyoudare,World-besottedtraveler;heServedhumanliberty.Fromthisepitaph,itisnothardtohaveageneralunderstandingofJonathanSwift’swholelife.Heheldthebeliefhiswholelifethateachmanisborntobeequala
3、ndshouldhavetheirfreedom,whichwasshowedwidelyinhismasterpieces.JonathanSwiftisprobablytheforemostprosesatiristintheEnglishlanguage,andislesswellknownforhispoetry.Heiswell-knownformanyworkssuchasAModestProposal,AJournaltoStella,TheBattleoftheBooks,Gulliver’sTravels,AnArgumen
4、tAgainstAbolishingChristianityandATaleofaTub.ThemostfamousisGulliver’sTravels(1726,amended1735)whichdescribesLemuelGulliver’stravelsintoseveralremotenationsoftheworld,infourparts(Lilliput、Brobdingnag、Laputa、Houyhnhnms).TheprotagonistisLemuelGulliver,firstasurgeon,andthenaca
5、ptainofseveralships.Thisbookbecamepopularassoonasitwaspublished.Gulliver’sTravelsservesasabitingsatirewhichisbothhumorousandcritical,constantlyattackingBritishandEuropeansocietythroughitsdescriptionsofimaginarycountries.Gulliver’sTravelshasbeentherecipientofseveraldesignati
6、ons:fromMenippeansatiretoachildren’sstory,fromProto-ScenceFictontoaforerunnerofthemodernnovel.Ithasgreatsocialsignificance,suchasasatiricalviewofthestateofEuropeangovernmentandofpettydifferencesbetweenreligions;aninquiryintowhethermenareinherentlycorruptorwhethertheybecomec
7、orruptedandarestatementoftheolderargument”ancientsversusmoderns”controversypreviouslyaddressedbyJonathanSwiftinTheBattleoftheBooks.SatireisaliterarygenreofGreekorigin(satyr),inwhichhumanfollyandvicearehelduptoscorn,derision,orridicule.Althoughsatireisusuallymeanttobefunny,i
8、tspurposeisoftenironyorsarcasm,ideallywiththeintentofshamingindividuals,religion,a
