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1、PsychonomicBulletin&Review2004,11(6),1011-1026ThecognitiveneuroscienceofcreativityARNEDIETRICHAmericanUniversityofBeirut,Beirut,LebanonThisarticleoutlinesaframeworkofcreativitybasedonfunctionalneuroanatomy.Recentadvancesinthefieldofcognitiveneurosciencehaveiden
2、tifieddistinctbraincircuitsthatareinvolvedinspecifichigherbrainfunctions.Todate,thesefindingshavenotbeenappliedtoresearchoncreativity.Itispro-posedthattherearefourbasictypesofcreativeinsights,eachmediatedbyadistinctiveneuralcircuit.Bydefinition,creativeinsights
3、occurinconsciousness.Giventheviewthattheworkingmemorybufferoftheprefrontalcortexholdsthecontentofconsciousness,eachofthefourdistinctiveneuralloopsterminatesthere.Whencreativityistheresultofdeliberatecontrol,asopposedtospontaneousgener-ation,theprefrontalcortexa
4、lsoinstigatesthecreativeprocess.Bothprocessingmodes,deliberateandspontaneous,canguideneuralcomputationinstructuresthatcontributeemotionalcontentandinstructuresthatprovidecognitiveanalysis,yieldingthefourbasictypesofcreativity.Supportiveevi-dencefrompsychologica
5、l,cognitive,andneuroscientificstudiesispresentedandintegratedinthisar-ticle.Thenewtheoreticalframeworksystematizestheinteractionbetweenknowledgeandcreativethinking,andhowthenatureofthisrelationshipchangesasafunctionofdomainandage.Implicationsforthe&andsciencesa
6、rebrieflydiscussed.Creativityisafundamentalactivityofhumaninforma-Despitesuchagreementamonginvestigators,thefind-tionprocessing(M.A.Boden,1998).Itisgenerallyagreedingsofmodembrainresearchhavenotbeenincorporatedtoincludetwodefiningcharacteristics:"Theabilitytopr
7、o-intoresearchoncreativity.Currentneuroscientificexpla-duceworkthatisbothnovel(i.e.,original,unexpected)andnationsofcreativeachievementsremainfocusedonhemi-appropriate(i.e.,useful,adaptiveconcerningtaskcon-sphericasymmetry(e.g.,J.E.Boden&G.M.Boden,straints)"(St
8、emberg&Lubart,1999,p.3).Muchhasbeen1969;Carlsson,Wendt,&Risberg,2000;Katz,1986;writtenaboutcreativityfromsocial,psychological,devel-Kinsbourne,1982;Martindale,1999).Ifwearet
