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1、CognitiveGrammarThispageintentionallyleftblankCognitiveGrammarABasicIntroductionRonaldW.Langacker120083OxfordUniversityPress,Inc.,publishesworksthatfurtherOxfordUniversity’sobjectiveofexcellenceinresearch,scholarship,andeducation.OxfordNewYorkAucklandCapeTownDar
2、esSalaamHongKongKarachiKualaLumpurMadridMelbourneMexicoCityNairobiNewDelhiShanghaiTaipeiTorontoWithofficesinArgentinaAustriaBrazilChileCzechRepublicFranceGreeceGuatemalaHungaryItalyJapanPolandPortugalSingaporeSouthKoreaSwitzerlandThailandTurkeyUkraineVietnamCopyr
3、ight©2008byOxfordUniversityPress,Inc.PublishedbyOxfordUniversityPress,Inc.198MadisonAvenue,NewYork,NewYork10016www.oup.comOxfordisaregisteredtrademarkofOxfordUniversityPressAllrightsreserved.Nopartofthispublicationmaybereproduced,storedinaretrievalsystem,ortrans
4、mitted,inanyformorbyanymeans,electronic,mechanical,photocopying,recording,orotherwise,withoutthepriorpermissionofOxfordUniversityPress.LibraryofCongressCataloging-in-PublicationDataLangacker,RonaldW.Cognitivegrammar:abasicintroduction/RonaldLangacker.p.cm.Includ
5、esbibliographicalreferences.ISBN978-0-19-533195-0;978-0-19-533196-7(pbk.)1.Cognitivegrammar.I.Title.P165.L3452007415—dc222007009457135798642PrintedintheUnitedStatesofAmericaonacid-freepaperToSherridan,Julian,andTreThispageintentionallyleftblankPREFACEAsyoumayhav
6、eguessedfromthetitle,thisbookpresentsthelinguistictheoryknownasCognitiveGrammar(CG).ResearchinCGbeganin1976,andthebasicframeworkofthetheoryhasnowexistedforoveraquartercentury.Undertherubric“spacegrammar”,itwasfirstextensivelydescribedinLangacker1982,whosenumerous
7、andunfortunatelyrathercrudelydrawndiagramsmusthavestartledanddismayedthereadersofLanguage.Themostcomprehensivestatementofthetheoryresidesinthehulkingtwo-volumemasscalledFoundationsofCognitiveGrammar(Langacker1987,1991).Moreaccessible—oreasiertoliftatanyrate—isCo
8、nceptImageandSymbol(Langacker1990),acollectionofarticlestailoredasasingletext.AsecondcollectionofthissortisGrammarandConceptualization(Langacker1999a).Foreaseofrefere
