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1、1QuestionnaireonDitransitiveConstructionsBernardComrie,MartinHaspelmath,andAndrejMalchukovPreliminaries(i)Ditransitiveconstructionisdefinedsemanticallyas'aconstructionwitharecipient(R)andatheme(T)argument',wherethesesemanticrolelabelsareunderstoodbro
2、adly.Typicalditransitiveverbsare'give','sell','show','promise','teach',butlanguagesmaytreatotherverbsinthesameway,sothattheseverbswouldalsocountasditransitiveforcurrentpurposes(e.g.inEnglishdeny,envy;inGermanentziehen'withdrawfrom').(ii)Languagesmayh
3、avemorethanoneditransitiveconstruction.Forinstance,EnglishhastheDouble-ObjectConstruction(e.g.Kimgavemeapen)andthePrepositionalObjectConstruction(e.g.Kimgaveapentome).Thisquestionnaireasksaboutaparticularconstruction;ifthelanguagehasseveralsuchconstr
4、uctions,itmustbefilledinseveraltimestogivecompleteinformationaboutthelanguage.(Itisnotalwaysobviouswhethertwoexpressionvariantsshouldberegardedasdifferentconstructionsorasthesameconstructionwithsomevariability.Nogeneralsolutiontothisproblemisknown,so
5、decisionshavetobetakenonanintuitivebasisforthemoment.(iii)Thefollowingquestionsrelatetothethemeandrecipientoftheditransitiveconstruction,thoughforcomparisoncorrespondinginformationshouldalwaysbegivenforthepatient(P)ofthemonotransitiveconstruction.Ifa
6、languagehasseveralditransitiveconstructions,foreachconstructionthefirstquestiontobeansweredshouldbe:Underwhichconditionsisthisconstructionused?PartI.ArgumentCodingPropertiesFlagging(=case-marking/adpositionalmarking)ofRandT1.HowisRflagged(ifitisafull
7、NP)?[Forexample,inEnglishindirectobjectconstruction(MarygaveabooktoJohn),asopposedtothedoubleobjectconstruction(MarygaveJohnabook),Risflaggedbyprepositionto.]2.HowisTflagged(ifitisafullNP)?[IntheEnglishindirectobjectconstructionanddoubleobjectconstru
8、ctioncitedabovethereisnospecialmarkingforT(butseeforotherverbs:MarysuppliedJohnwithfood).Insomelanguages(showingtheso-calledprimaryvs.secondaryobjectdistinction,TismarkeddistinctlyfromPandR]23.WhateffectonflaggingdoesthefullNP/(independent)personalpr
