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1、TheGoalAProcessofOngoingImprovement1AbouttheTheoryofConstraintsEliGoldratt'sTheoryofConstraintsisbeingusedbythousandsofcorporations,andistaughtinover200colleges,universitiesandbusinessschools.Hisbookshavesoldover3millioncopiesandhavebeentranslatedinto23la
2、nguages.2TheTheoryofConstraintsTheTheoryofConstraints(TOC)isanoverallphilosophydevelopedbyDr.EliyahuM.Goldratt,usuallyappliedtorunningandimprovinganorganization.TOCconsistsofProblemSolvingandManagement/Decision-MakingToolscalledtheThinkingProcesses(TP).TO
3、Cisappliedtologicallyandsystematicallyanswerthesethreequestionsessentialtoanyprocessofongoingimprovement:改进什么?Whattochange?改成什么样子?Whattochangeto?如何使改进得以实现?Howtocausethechange?3TheTheoryofConstraintsMorespecificusesoftheThinkingProcessescanbeusedtosignific
4、antlyenhancevitalmanagementskills,suchas:win-winconflictresolutioneffectivecommunicationteambuildingskillsdelegationempowerment4TheTheoryofConstraintsFamousforspectacularresults,theuseofTOChasresultedinProvenSolutionscreatedbyapplyingtheThinkingProcesses(
5、TP)inspecificfunctionalareassuchasSales,Marketing,Logistics,Finance,Accounting,EngineeringandProjectManagement.Manyofthesesolutionsarediscussedindetailinthebooks:TheGoal,TheRace,It'sNotLuckandCriticalChain.5TheTheoryofConstraintsTOCrecognizesthattheoutput
6、ofanysystemthatconsistsofmultiplestepswheretheoutputofonestepdependsontheoutputofoneormorepreviousstepswillbelimited(orconstrained)bytheleastproductivesteps.Inotherwords,asparaphrasedinTheGoal,thestrengthofanychainisdependantuponitsweakestlink.6TheTheoryo
7、fConstraintsWheremanufacturingisconcerned,TOCpostulatesthatthegoalistomake(more)money.Itdescribesthreeavenuestothisgoal:IncreaseThroughputReduceInventoryReduceOperatingExpenseAsDr.Goldrattnotes,theopportunitiestomakemoremoneythroughreductionsininventoryan
8、doperatingexpensearelimitedbyzero.TheopportunitiestomakemoremoneybyincreasingThroughput,ontheotherhand,areunlimited.7TheTheoryofConstraintsWheremanufacturingisconcerned,TOCpostulatesthatthegoalistomake(more)money.It