handbook on impact evaluation basic issues of evaluation

《handbook on impact evaluation basic issues of evaluation》由会员上传分享，免费在线阅读，更多相关内容在工程资料-天天文库。

1、2.BasicIssuesofEvaluationSummarySeveralapproachescanbeusedtoevaluateprograms.Monitoringtrackskeyindica-torsofprogressoverthecourseofaprogramasabasisonwhichtoevaluateoutcomesoftheintervention.Operationalevaluationexamineshoweffectivelyprogramswereimplementedandwhethertherearegapsbetween

2、plannedandrealizedoutcomes.Impactevaluationstudieswhetherthechangesinwell-beingareindeedduetothepro-graminterventionandnottootherfactors.Theseevaluationapproachescanbeconductedusingquantitativemethods(thatis,surveydatacollectionorsimulations)beforeorafteraprogramisintroduced.Exanteeval

3、uationpredictsprogramimpactsusingdatabeforetheprogramintervention,whereasexpostevaluationexaminesoutcomesafterprogramshavebeenimplemented.Reßexivecomparisonsareatypeofexpostevaluation;theyexamineprogramimpactsthroughthedifferenceinparticipantoutcomesbeforeandafterprogramimplementa-tion

4、(oracrossparticipantsandnonparticipants).Subsequentchaptersinthishand-bookprovideseveralexamplesofthesecomparisons.ThemainchallengeacrossdifferenttypesofimpactevaluationistoÞndagoodcounterfactualÑnamely,thesituationaparticipatingsubjectwouldhaveexperiencedhadheorshenotbeenexposedtothep

5、rogram.Variantsofimpactevaluationdis-cussedinthefollowingchaptersincluderandomizedevaluations,propensityscorematching,double-differencemethods,useofinstrumentalvariables,andregressiondiscontinuityandpipelineapproaches.Eachofthesemethodsinvolvesadifferentsetofassumptionsinaccountingforp

6、otentialselectionbiasinparticipationthatmightaffectconstructionofprogramtreatmenteffects.LearningObjectivesAftercompletingthischapter,thereaderwillbeabletodiscussandunderstand■Differentapproachestoprogramevaluation■Differencesbetweenquantitativeandqualitativeapproachestoevaluation,aswe

7、llasexanteversusexpostapproaches■Waysselectionbiasinparticipationcanconfoundthetreatmenteffect■Differentmethodologiesinimpactevaluation,includingrandomization,propen-sityscorematching,doubledifferences,instrumentalvariablemethods,andregressiondiscontinuityandpipelineapproaches7Handbo