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1、1.TextȱDynamics:ȱAnȱIntegrativeȱApproachȱȱTheȱHatterȱopenedȱhisȱeyesȱonȱhearingȱthis;ȱbutȱallȱheȱsaidȱwasȱȱ“Whyȱisȱaȱravenȱlikeȱaȱwritingȱdesk?”ȱȱ~ȱLewisȱCarroll1ȱȱDuringȱtheȱsecondȱhalfȱofȱtheȱtwentiethȱcentury,ȱbiblicalȱstudiesȱbeganȱtoȱwitnessȱtheȱriseȱan
2、dȱconfluenceȱofȱtwoȱelementsȱasȱseeminglyȱdispaȬrateȱasȱCarroll’sȱravenȱandȱwritingȱdesk.ȱTheȱfirstȱhasȱbeenȱaȱmovementȱawayȱfromȱdiachronicallyȱorientedȱhistoricalȬcriticalȱinquiriesȱandȱtoȬwardȱsynchronicallyȱorientedȱlinguisticȱandȱliteraryȱinterpretation
3、sȱofȱbiblicalȱtexts.2ȱTheȱsecondȱhasȱbeenȱtheȱrapidȱandȱpervasiveȱadvanceȱofȱtechnology,ȱspecificallyȱwithinȱtheȱareaȱofȱcomputersȱandȱtextȱprocessing,ȱwhichȱhasȱcontributedȱtoȱformal,ȱstructuralȱandȱdistribuȬtionalȱanalysesȱofȱbiblicalȱtext.ȱWhileȱtheseȱmov
4、ementsȱareȱartisticȱonȱtheȱoneȱhand,ȱandȱscientificȱonȱtheȱother,ȱareȱtheyȱindeedȱravensȱandȱwritingȱdesks?ȱȱAtȱminimum,ȱtheseȱmovementsȱhaveȱpromptedȱfreshȱapproachesȱtoȱbiblicalȱtextȱandȱitsȱrelationshipsȱwithȱitsȱoriginatorsȱandȱreaders.3ȱTextȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱ
5、ȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱ1ȱȱOriginally,ȱnoȱanswerȱwasȱexpectedȱforȱthisȱriddle,ȱalthoughȱCarrollȱdidȱdeviseȱoneȱasȱanȱafterthought.ȱLewisȱCarrollȱandȱHughȱHaughton,ȱAliceȇsȱAdventuresȱinȱWonderȬland,ȱCentenaryȱed.,ȱPenguinȱClassicsȱ(London:ȱPenguin,ȱ1998),ȱ311,ȱn.
6、ȱ314.ȱ2ȱȱTheȱbeginningsȱofȱthisȱmovementȱwereȱseenȱwithȱtheȱapplicationȱofȱtheȱNewȱCritiȬcism,ȱoriginallyȱutilisedȱforȱtheȱstudyȱofȱEnglishȱliteraryȱtexts,ȱtoȱtheȱstudyȱofȱbiblicalȱtexts.ȱForȱaȱshortȱhistoryȱseeȱJ.ȱCherylȱExumȱandȱDavidȱJ.ȱA.ȱClines,ȱTheȱNew
7、ȱLiteraryȱCriticismȱandȱtheȱHebrewȱBible,ȱJSOTȱSupȱ143ȱ(Sheffield:ȱJSOTȱPress,ȱ1993),ȱ11Ȭ26.ȱForȱapplicationȱofȱtheȱliteraryȱapproachȱtoȱBHȱtextȱseeȱRobertȱAlterȱandȱFrankȱKermode,ȱTheȱLiteraryȱGuideȱtoȱtheȱBibleȱ(Cambridge,ȱMass:ȱBelknapȱPressȱofȱHarvardȱUn
8、iversiȬtyȱPress,ȱ1987);ȱAdeleȱBerlin,ȱPoeticsȱandȱInterpretationȱofȱBiblicalȱNarrative,ȱBibleȱandȱLiteratureȱSeries,ȱ9ȱ(Sheffield:ȱAlmondȱPress,ȱ1983);ȱMeirȱSternberg,ȱTheȱPoeticsȱofȱBibȬlicalȱN
